On-pump Group Research Articles

On-Pump or Off-Pump Impact of Diabetic Patient Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting 5-Year Clinical Outcomes.

For diabetic patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), there is still a debate about whether an off-pump or on-pump approach is advantageous. A retrospective review of 1269 consecutive diabetic patients undergoing isolated, primary CABG surgery from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2015 was conducted. Among them, 614 received non-cardiopulmonary bypass treatment during their operation (off-pump group), and 655 received cardiopulmonary bypass treatment (on-pump group). The hospitalization outcomes were compared by multiple logistic regression models with patient characteristics and operative variables as independent variables. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional-hazard regression models for mid-term (2-year) and long-term (5-year) clinical survival analyses were used to determine the effect on survival after CABG surgery. In order to further verify the reliability of the results, propensity-score matching (PSM) was also performed between the two groups. Five-year all-cause death rates were 4.23% off-pump vs. 5.95% on-pump (p = 0.044), and off-pump was associated with reduced postoperative stroke and atrial fibrillation. These findings suggest that off-pump procedures may have benefits for diabetic patients in CABG.

Off-pump vs. on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with chronic kidney disease: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), cardiovascular disease is found to be the primary cause of mortality, and after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), their prognosis deteriorates. We conducted a meta-analysis comparing off-pump CABG versus on-pump CABG in CKD patients. We searched electronic databases, including PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar, using relevant keywords. We included studies comparing off-pump CABG with on-pump CABG in patients with chronic kidney disease, which was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60ml/min per 1.73m2. Effect estimates were synthesized using a random-effects model and expressed as risk ratios (RR) for dichotomous outcomes and mean difference (MD) for continuous outcomes, with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Our primary outcome was short-term mortality. A total of 25 studies, of which 23 were observational and 2 were RCTs, were included in this meta-analysis, comprising 234,585 patients (66,591 in the off-pump group and 167,994 in the on-pump group). Our meta-analysis showed that there was a significantly higher mortality rate in the on-pump CABG group as compared to the off-pump CABG group (RR: 0.73, 95% CI [0.61, 0.88]; P = 0.0006, I2 = 60%). Compared with OPCAB, short-term mortality was significantly higher in ONCAB.

Off versus on pump myocardial revascularization in patients with severe asymptomatic carotid stenosis.

Coronary artery disease is a global cause of morbidity and mortality, often managed by coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). This study addresses a critical decision-making dilemma in CABG procedures for patients with severe asymptomatic carotid stenosis, comparing off-pump and on-pump techniques. We conducted a retrospective single-center analysis, employing propensity scored matched-pair methodology to compare perioperative outcomes in patients with asymptomatic severe carotid stenosis undergoing off-pump or on-pump CABG. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of perioperative stroke. Secondary endpoints included postoperative delirium, intrahospital mortality, intensive care unit stay, length of hospitalization and long-term survival. The study involved 243 patients with asymptomatic severe carotid stenosis operated between July 2009 and October 2018, subsequently propensity score matched into two groups of 78 patients each (off-pump and on-pump). The incidence of perioperative stroke was significantly higher in the On-Pump group compared to the off-pump group (10.3% vs. 1.3%, P=0.03). However, secondary endpoints, such as intrahospital mortality and length of hospitalization, showed no significant differences between the two groups. Long-term survival rates were also comparable. Our findings indicate that off-pump CABG significantly reduces the risk of perioperative stroke in patients with severe asymptomatic carotid stenosis compared to on-pump CABG, without compromising long-term outcomes. These results support the preference for off-pump CABG in this high-risk patient population, highlighting the need for tailored surgical approaches based on individual patient risk profiles.

Outcomes of surgical ablation for atrial fibrillation in on- versus off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting.

A considerable number of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery suffer from atrial fibrillation and should be treated concomitantly. This manuscript evaluates the impact of on-pump versus off-pump bypass grafting on the applied lesion set and rhythm outcome. Between January 2017 and April 2020, patients who underwent combined bypass grafting and surgical ablation for atrial fibrillation were consecutively enrolled in the German CArdioSurgEry Atrial Fibrillation registry (CASE-AF, 17 centres). Data were prospectively collected. Follow-up was planned after one year. A total of 224 patients were enrolled. No differences in baseline characteristics were seen between on- and off-pump bypass grafting, especially not in type of atrial fibrillation and left atrial size. In the on-pump group (n = 171, 76%), pulmonary vein isolation and an extended left atrial lesion set were performed more often compared to off-pump bypass grafting (58% vs 26%, 33 vs 9%, respectively, P < 0.001). In off-pump bypass grafting a box isolating the atrial posterior wall was the dominant lesion (72% off-pump vs 42% on-pump, P < 0.001). Left atrial appendage management was comparable in on-pump versus off-pump bypass grafting (94% vs 91%, P = 0.37). Sinus rhythm at follow-up was confirmed in 61% in the on-pump group and in 65% in the off-pump group (P = 0.66). No differences were seen in in-hospital or follow-up complication-rates between the two groups. In coronary artery bypass grafting patients undergoing concomitant atrial fibrillation ablation, our data suggests that the technique applied for myocardial revascularization (off-pump vs on-pump) leads to differences in the ablation lesion set, but not in safety and effectiveness.

Effects of different surgical strategies and left ventricular remodelling on the outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction.

Ischaemic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) caused by coronary artery disease accounts for the largest proportion of heart failure cases with the worst prognosis. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is the most effective treatment for ischaemic HFrEF. On-pump and off-pump are the two surgical methods used for CABG. Whether patients with HFrEF should undergo on- or off-pump CABG is controversial in coronary heart disease surgery. The left ventricular end-systolic volume index (LVSEVI) is the gold standard for evaluating the severity of left ventricular remodelling; however, its effect on the perioperative risk and long-term survival rate of patients with HFrEF undergoing CABG remains unclear. This single centre prospective cohort analysis included 118 coronary heart disease patients with symptoms and signs of heart failure and a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of <40% who were enrolled consecutively from January 2019 to December 2023. Operative mortality, perioperative complications, and long-term survival were compared among patients treated with various LVESVIs and surgical methods. The primary outcomes were cardiac death, myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, and revascularization, (percutaneous coronary intervention or redo CABG) with a median follow-up of 38 ± 10 months. The 30-day postoperative mortality of 118 patients was 6.8%. Patients in the off-pump group had significantly higher perioperative mortality than those in the on-pump group (12.5% vs. 3.8%, p = 0.03). In the off-pump group, a higher proportion of patients required perioperative mechanical assistance, such as intra-aortic artery balloon pump (IABP) or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), compared to those in the on-pump group (IABP: 75% vs. 47.4%, p = 0.004; ECMO: 22.5% vs. 1.3%, p = 0.000). Patients in the off-pump group were more likely to have postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) (35% vs. 14.1%, p = 0.01). In the on-pump group, the incidence of postoperative AF (25% vs. 6.5%, p = 0.02) and IABP use (62.5% vs. 36.9%, p = 0.03) were significantly higher in patients with more severe left ventricular remodelling than in those with less severe left ventricular remodelling. In the off-pump group, patients with more severe left ventricular remodelling had higher ECMO usage (38.9% vs. 9.1%, p = 0.04), incidence of postoperative AF (61.1% vs. 13.6%, p = 0.02), and perioperative mortality (22.2%). Major adverse cardiac event (MACE)-free survival rate was significantly higher in the on-pump group than in the off-pump group, and there was no significant difference in MACE free survival rates between the two groups of patients with different degrees of left ventricular remodelling. On-pump bypass is a better surgical procedure for patients with ischaemic HFrEF, especially those with severe left ventricular remodelling. Left ventricular remodelling increases perioperative mortality but has no effect on long-term survival.

Indications and outcomes of second aortic procedures after acute type A dissection repair.

Aortic arch or aortic root replacement is not performed in all cases of acute type A aortic dissection (ATAD), and a second aortic procedure will become necessary over time for some patients. Indications and outcomes, of second aortic procedures have not been studied extensively. Characteristics and in-hospital outcomes of all patients undergoing surgical repair for type A acute aortic dissection were analysed and patients needing second aortic procedure during follow-up were identified. The latter group was divided in 2 subgroups: on-pump includes patients operated on using cardiopulmonary bypass and off-pump without cardiopulmonary bypass. A total of 638 patients underwent surgery for ATAD; 8% required a second aortic procedure. The most frequent indication for the second aortic procedure was dehiscence of suture lines (44%), followed by arch dilatation (24%). In-hospital mortality was 12%. Isolated ascending aorta replacement at the first surgery was associated with higher incidence of second aortic procedure (P = 0.006). Most patients in the on-pump group underwent a proximal reoperation (75%), with a mortality rate of 14.2%. In-hospital mortality of patients in the off-pump group was 7.7%. Long-term survival analysis showed no difference between groups (P = 0,526), Off-pump patients have greater likelihood of a second intervention during follow-up (P = 0.004). Extended aortic root surgery and customized aortic arch repair in ATAD could be reasonable to reduce the incidence and mortality of high-risk second aortic procedures.

The effects of on-pump and off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery on oxidative stress and cerebral oxygenation: a prospective observational study.

In this prospective observational study, our goal was to investigate the relationship between serum levels of oxidative stress (OS) parameters and regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) in addition to evaluating postoperative clinical outcomes among patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). This study comprised 64 adult patients undergoing elective CABG (on-pump [n = 48] and off-pump [n = 16]) procedures. Serum OS levels and rSO2 values were measured intraoperatively at three specific time points: T1 (after induction), T2 (15 min before aortic cross-clamp removal or the final distal anastomosis), and T3 (15 min after aortic cross-clamp removal or the last distal anastomosis). Serum OS and lactate values demonstrated higher levels at T2 and T3 (p < 0.001), while rSO2 values were lower at T2 (p = 0.024) in the on-pump CABG group compared to the off-pump CABG group. The rSO2 values at T2 exhibited a negative correlation with OS parameters, lactate levels at T2 and T3, aortic clamp time, postoperative mechanical ventilation time, and intensive care unit stay length. In the multivariate linear regression analysis (R2 = 0.181, p = 0.001), lactate values at T2 emerged as the sole factor affecting the OS index at T2 (t = 2.843, p = 0.006). In our study, we observed elevated OS values and relatively low rSO2 values during on-pump CABG procedures, with rSO2 showing an association with increased OS parameters. Close monitoring of the OS response level and rSO2 during CABG could potentially enhance postoperative clinical outcomes.

The FRAGILE clinical trial: the impact of the coronary artery bypass graft in frailty

Abstract Background The exponential increase in the elderly population has been observed worldwide, and it implies a higher incidence of coronary artery disease and, consequently the need for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). The growing number of elderlies is also related to frailty, a syndrome that affects at least 10% of the elderly population and is an exceedingly effective parameter for correlating with the adverse effects of aging. The impact of frailty concerning mortality and morbidity is well established however, there are no studies regarding the outcomes of CABG and its techniques in frail patients. Purpose To evaluate the impact of coronary artery bypass graft surgery in patient's frailty and compare the differences in the frailty index after a 6-month follow-up between the groups off-pump and on-pump. Methods This was a subanalysis of the FRAGILE trial, a brazilian multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial that analyzed 169 patients aged 60 years or older undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery with (on-pump) and without (off-pump) cardiopulmonary bypass. Using the Fried's Frailty Criteria, we classifed the patients into frail, pre-frail, and non-frail and also evaluated the five paramenters of this criteria. The patients were divided into two groups: the off-pump CABG group (n=87) and the on-pump CABG group (n=82), and compared unintentional weight loss, self-reported fatigue, physical activity level, grip strength, and gait speed before and after surgery, and between groups. The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee and all patients signed the informed consent. Results We observed an improvement in the frailty of patients undergoing CABG. Overall, over 50% of frail patients became pre-frail after CABG, and only 3% of the total patients were classified as frail after 6 months of surgery (Fig 1A). No patient was classified as non-frail preoperatively in both groups because it was one of the exclusion criteria. There is no difference between the groups off-pump and on-pump (Fig 1B). The total time of physical activity, the gait speed, and the self-reported fatigue were positively impacted regardless of surgical technique. However, grip strength and unintentional weight loss were improved only in the group that underwent off-pump CABG surgery. Patients reported practicing an average more time of exercises, improved gait speed, and claimed to be less fatigated compared to the before-surgery measurements. However, grip strength and unintentional weight loss were improved only in the group that underwent off-pump CABG surgery (Table 1). Conclusion CABG positively impacts patients' frailty after six months of surgery. Both techniques, on-pump and off-pump, showed positive results when comparing frailty features before and after CABG surgery. Nevertheless, the off-pump CABG was the only technique that played a role in improving grip strength and unintentional weight loss of patients after 6 months of surgery.Frailty classificationFrailty's parameters

Association of body mass index with perioperative blood transfusion and short-term clinical outcomes in patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting

BackgroundFew studies have considered outcomes among low body mass index (BMI) cohorts undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). This study aims to investigate the effects of low body weight on blood transfusion and perioperative outcomes in patients undergoing isolated CABG.MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled consecutive cases from a single-center between January 2008 and December 2018. Low body weight/underweight was defined as a BMI < 18.5 kg/m², while normal BMI was defined as 18.5 ≤ BMI < 24.0 kg/m². The primary endpoint was the perioperative red blood cell (RBC) transfusion rate. Secondary endpoints include platelet and plasma transfusion rates, transfusion volume for all blood components, hospital length of stay, and the occurrence of adverse events including prolonged mechanical ventilation, re-intubation, re-operation, acute kidney injury, and 30-day all-cause mortality.ResultsA total of 7,620 patients were included in this study. After 1:1 propensity score matching, 130 pairs were formed, with 61 pairs in the on-pump group and 69 pairs in the off-pump group. Baseline characteristics were comparable between the matched groups. Low body weight independently increased the risk of RBC transfusion (on-pump: OR = 3.837, 95% CI = 1.213–12.144, p = 0.022; off-pump: OR = 3.630, 95% CI = 1.875–5.313, p < 0.001). Moreover, within the on-pump group of the original cohort, BMI of < 18.5 kg/m² was independently correlated with increased risk of re-intubation (OR = 5.365, 95% CI = 1.159 to 24.833, p = 0.032), re-operation (OR = 4.650, 95% CI = 1.019 to 21.210, p = 0.047), and 30-day all-cause mortality (OR = 10.325, 95% CI = 2.011 to 53.020, p = 0.005).ConclusionBMI < 18.5 kg/m² was identified as an independent risk factor for increased perioperative RBC transfusion rate in patient underwent isolated CABG with or without CPB. Only on-pump underweight patients in the original cohort exhibited an increased risk for re-intubation, re-operation, and 30-day all-cause mortality. Physicians and healthcare systems should consider these findings to improve management for this population.

Predicting Determinants for Conversion of Off-Pump Coronary Revascularization to On-Pump Surgery: A Retrospective Analysis.

A global consensus has not yet been reached regarding the preference for off-pump versus on-pump coronary revascularization. Although the coronary trial indicates that the secondary endpoint outcomes favor on-pump surgery, the cost-effectiveness and significantly lower immediate and early complications in off-pump surgery make it favorable for the Indian population. To analyze patients who underwent coronary revascularization, specifically coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), a retrospective five-year study was conducted. During the given duration, a total of 652 patients underwent CABG. The study revealed a positive correlation between diabetes, high body surface area (BSA), and preexisting renal dysfunction as strong predictors for converting off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery (OPCABG) to on-pump surgery coronary artery bypass surgery (ONCABG). Preoperative electrocardiographic (ECG) changes and the use of intra-aortic balloon pulsation (IABP) as a mechanical assist device were strongly associated with the incidence of conversion from OPCABG to ONCABG. Tight left main disease and ostial coronary disease indicate a progressive dysfunction during off-pump surgery, necessitating early conversion to on-pump surgery to avoid complications. The on-pump group had more adverse outcomes in regard to renal and neurological dysfunction, which can be attributed to pump-induced dysfunction. In such scenarios, a surgeon's preparedness to convert an OPCABG to an ONCABG can be swift and efficient. In anticipation of increased pump-related complications in the ONCABG group, a measured approach can be implemented to avoid adverse postoperative outcomes in high-risk patients.

Characteristics of left ventricular and cardiac hemodynamic remodeling after on-pump or off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting

Aim. To study the comparative dynamics of left ventricular (LV) remodeling after on-pump and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting.Materials and methods. The study included 129 patients with verified coronary artery disease (CAD) who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with cardiopulmonary bypass (on-pump CABF) or beating heart surgery (off-pump CABG). All patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and volumetric compression oscillometry (VCO) before surgery, as well as one week and four months after it. The results were compared in groups divided according to the surgical technique and the presence of previous myocardial infarction using variation series, the Tukey’s post-hoc test, the Pearson correlation coefficient, and the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient.Results. According to TTE data, no difference in hemodynamic parameters between the groups in the postoperative period was noted. According to VCO data, a significant difference was revealed in the off-pump group without previous MI one week after surgery: an increase in cardiac output (CO) (p &lt; 0.001), an increase in stroke volume (SV) and stroke index (SI) (p = 0.005), LV power (LVP) (p = 0.015), and also a rise in cardiac index and LVP four months after the surgery. In the on-pump group of patients with previous MI a week after CABG, a decrease in the LVP (p &lt; 0.001) and dynamic changes of energy expenditure (p &lt; 0.001) were observed. The correlation analysis revealed moderate correlations between the inotropic parameters of cardiac hemodynamics SV, SI, CO, LVP and blood pressure (BP) (rπ = 0.33–0.47; p &lt; 0.001) and strong correlations between SV, SI, CO, LVP and ejection fraction (EF) (rπ = 0.63–0.68; p &lt; 0.001).Conclusion. Seven days after the off-pump CABG, an improvement in some hemodynamic parameters and all inotropic parameters of the heart was revealed compared with the on-pump group. Four months after the off-pump surgery, positive hemodynamic remodeling was observed compared with the postoperative period after the onpump CABG.

Comparing results of bypass surgery and percutaneous coronary intervention for left main disease by surgical revascularization pump strategy

ObjectiveWe performed a post hoc analysis of the Evaluation of XIENCE versus Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery for Effectiveness of Left Main Revascularization (EXCEL) trial to determine the effect an on-versus off-pump strategy had on outcomes when compared with percutaneous coronary intervention. MethodsAll randomized patients in EXCEL (n = 1905) were included. The outcomes of interest were the primary end point composite of death from any cause, stroke, or myocardial infarction; the composite study end point or ischemia-driven revascularization; and the rate of death from any cause at 5 years. Event rates were based on Kaplan–Meier estimates in time-to-first-event analyses. ResultsPropensity matching resulted in groups of 1142 patients (571 each) for on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting versus percutaneous coronary intervention and 472 patients (236 each) for off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting versus percutaneous coronary intervention. In the on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting versus percutaneous coronary intervention matched groups, the composite end point was similar (18.0% vs 22.1%, P = .19) and the composite end point or ischemia-driven revascularization (23.3% vs 31.0%, P = .01) was lower, and mortality (7.6% vs 11.8%, P = .025) was lower in the on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting group at 5 years. In the off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting versus percutaneous coronary intervention matched groups, the composite end point (19.4% vs 22.2%, P = .47), composite end point or ischemia-driven revascularization (25.9% vs 34.2%, P = .07), and mortality (12.5% vs 14.2%, P = .59) were similar at 5 years. ConclusionsIn the EXCEL trial, on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting was associated with a decreased 5-year rate of the composite outcome of death, stroke, myocardial infarction, or ischemia-driven revascularization, and decreased mortality when compared with percutaneous coronary intervention, whereas outcomes of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting were similar to percutaneous coronary intervention.

Off-Pump Versus On-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting In Patients With Left Main Coronary Artery Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

To compare the outcome of off-pump and on-pump coronary artery bypass graftsurgery in patients with left main coronary artery disease. The randomised, controlled, prospective, multicentric study was conducted in 2020 during the period from January 2020 to December 2020 at Kafrelsheikh University Hospital, International Cardiac Centre and Alexandria New Medical Centre, Egypt, and comprised patients with left main coronary artery disease who underwent coronary artery bypass graftsurgery. The patients were randomised to on-pump surgery group I (Control Group) and off-pump surgery group II(Interventional Group). All patients were assessed pre-operatively for the presence of comorbid conditions and post-operatively for myocardial infarction, acute kidney injury, pneumonia, sternal dehiscence and 3-month mortality. Data was analysed using SPSS 20. Of the 60 patients, 44(73.3%) were men and 16(26.6%) were women. The overall mean age was 66.4±9.2 years. There were 30(50%) patients in each of the two groups. There were 2(6.7%) cases of myocardial infarction in group I and 1(3.3%) in group II. There was 1(3.3%) case of acute kidney injury in group I and none in group II. There were 3(10%) cases of pneumonia in group 1 compared to 1(3.3%) in group II. There was 1(3.3%) case of sternal dehiscence in group I and none in group II. Mortality at 3 months was 2(6.7%) in group I and 1(3.3%) in group II. There was no significant difference with respect to outcome between the groups (p>0.05). Off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery was found to be efficient and non-inferior to on-pump procedure in patients with left main coronary artery disease. The RCT was registered retrospectively at the Pan African Clinical Trials Registry (PACTR) (Trial #: PACTR202301506140749 Date of Approval: 06/01/2023). Link: https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/Search.aspx.

Early and mid-term outcomes of off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass surgery in patients with triple-vessel coronary artery disease: a randomized controlled trial

Background and aim of the studySeveral studies have compared early and late outcomes of on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and off-pump CABG. However, there is still an ongoing debate on this matter, especially in patients with triple-vessel coronary artery disease (3VD).MethodsWe randomly assigned 274 consecutive patients with 3VD to two equal groups to undergo on-pump CABG or off-pump CABG. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), including all-cause mortality, acute coronary syndrome, stroke or transient ischemic attack, and the need for repeat revascularization. The secondary outcomes were postoperative infection, ventilation time, ICU admission duration, hospital stay length, and renal failure after surgery.ResultsThe median follow-up duration was 31.2 months (range 24.6–35.2 months). The mean age of patients was 61.4 ± 9.3 years (range: 38–86), and 207 (78.7%) were men. There were 15 (11.2%) and 9 (7.0%) MACCE occurrences in on-pump and off-pump groups, respectively (P value = 0.23). MACCE components including all-cause death, non-fatal MI, CVA, and revascularization did not significantly differ between on-pump and off-pump groups. We observed no difference in the occurrence of MACCE between off-pump and on-pump groups in multivariable regression analysis (HR = 0.57; 95% CI 0.24–1.32; P value = 0.192). There were no statistical differences in postoperative outcomes between the off-pump and on-pump CABG groups.ConclusionsOff-pump CABG is an equal option to on-pump CABG for 3VD patients with similar rates of MACCE and postoperative complications incidence when surgery is performed in the same setting by an expert surgeon in both methods. (IRCT20190120042428N1).

Antioxidant activity in off and on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting and valve replacement surgery.

Cardiac surgeries initiate oxidative stress, increasing organ dysfunction development and mortality. The present study investigated the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, as an antioxidant enzyme, in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass (CABG) and heart valve replacement surgeries. A prospective study was performed on patients with proven coronary artery disease (CAD) or valvular heart disease (VHD) candidates for on- or off-pump CABG andvalve replacement surgery. Serum SOD activity was measured preoperatively, at 24h postoperatively, and at thetime of discharge. In addition, echocardiography was performed before surgery and at discharge. A total of 48, 51, and 47 patients were enrolled in theon-pump, off-pump CABG, and valve replacement groups, respectively. Baseline serum SOD activity showed no significant association with BMI, age, and blood pressure in either CAD or VHD patients. The SOD values decreased at the 24h postoperative time and then increased at the time of discharge in all groups, except for a slight decrease in the on-pump group. The changes in serum SOD values were not significantly different for the three surgical groups. The serum SOD activities fell significantly after CABG and valve replacement surgery. Further investigation is emphasized for the role of SOD in oxidative stress after cardiac surgery.

Propensity score analysis comparing off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting in older adults.

This study aimed to compare the results of off-pump and on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting in older adults and to examine early and late outcomes. This study included 226 patients aged ≥ 75years who underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting. Of these, 141 and 85 patients were included in the off-pump and on-pump groups, respectively. Propensity scores were calculated for each case, matched, and compared between the two groups (68 cases in each group), along with mid-term outcomes of survival and major adverse cardiac events. Operative time, red blood cell transfusion volume, and postoperative hospital stay duration were significantly higher in the on-pump group (267 vs 370min, P < 0.001; 4.3 vs 17.2 units, P < 0.001; and 20.8 vs 35.8days, P = 0.012, respectively). Postoperative occurrence of new atrial fibrillation was significantly higher in the on-pump group (4.4% vs 27.9%, P < 0.001), and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a significantly worse prognosis in the on-pump group than in the off-pump group (3-year survival rate 90.7% vs 71.5%, log rank P = 0.007). However, there was no statistically significant difference in cardiovascular-related deaths (log rank P = 0.07). On-pump coronary artery bypass grafting in an older adult population resulted in increased transfusion volume and postoperative occurrence of atrial fibrillation. The mid-term postoperative outcomes were also poorer with on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting reduced future all-cause deaths in older adults.

Association of cardiopulmonary bypass with acute kidney injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: a retrospective cohort study.

Association of cardiopulmonary bypass with acute kidney injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: a retrospective cohort study.

Off-pump implantation of left ventricular assist device via minimally invasive left thoracotomy: Our single-center experience.

The aim of this study was to compare our experience of left ventricular assist device implantation via minimally invasive left thoracotomy with off-pump versus on-pump technique. Between June 2013 and April 2020, nine patients (8 males, 1 female; mean age: 47±11.9 years; range, 30 to 61 years) who underwent off-pump left ventricular assist device implantation and nine patients (8 males, 1 female; mean age: 47±11.4 years; range, 29 to 60 years) who underwent on-pump minimally invasive left thoracotomy were retrospectively analyzed. Postoperative outcomes and mid-term results of both groups were evaluated. Outflow graft was anastomosed to the ascending aorta with J-sternotomy in all patients. The median duration of intubation and intensive care unit stay were one (IQR: 1.5) day and eight (IQR: 6.5) days in the off-pump group, respectively and one (IQR: 0) day and seven (IQR: 7) days in the on-pump group, respectively. Intra-aortic balloon pump was needed during the weaning of cardiopulmonary bypass in one (11%) of the patients in both groups. Postoperative right ventricular failure was observed in two (22%) patients in the offpump group who were treated medically and recovered. There was no need for revision due to bleeding or postoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenator implantation in either group. In the off-pump group, three patients underwent heart transplantation after median 854 (IQR: 960) days. Three patients died one month, two and four years after implantation. Three patients were still alive with left ventricular assist device and were being uneventfully followed for 365, 400, and 700 days after implantation. Off-pump technique is safe and feasible option for implantation of left ventricular assist device via minimally invasive left thoracotomy.

To compare the early patency and survival rate of coronary grafts in On-Pump vs Off-pump CABG

Introduction: A large number of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) encounter surgical cardiopulmonary bypass [on-pump coronary artery bypass (ONCAB) or off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB)]. Since two techniques have been commenced, the doubt of which one is more convincing and efficacious has always been discussed and is still controversial. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the early patency and survival rate of coronary grafts after CABG in On-Pump vs Off-pump groups. Material and methods: This retrospective cross sectional study was conducted in the Cardiac surgery department of Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore in year 2020 using the data of previous surgeries done from 01-01-2009 to 01-03-2010 (14 months). Total 792 patients fulfilling inclusion criteria were included. The data consisted of two groups Group-A ONCAB (341) and Group B OPCAB (451), with total number of grafts (2333). Out of 792 patients only 315 were followed up the same year and in 2020, 135 were followed up for survival rate. The sampling technique used in this study was non probability sampling. Results: The mean age of the patients in Group A was 56.13 ±9.305 years and in Group B was 53.9 ± 9.382 years. In 315 followed up patients the number of grafts applied were 949. The mean number of grafts applied in Group A was 3.11±0.949 and in Group B was 2.95±0.959. There was no statistically significant difference seen between these groups. Out of 949 grafts 795 were patent from which 410 were applied in group A and 385 were applied in group B. 154 were blocked out of which 67 were applied in group A and 87 were applied in group B. After 10 years, only 135 were followed for survival rate, out of which 22.22% had angioplasty done, 51.85% reported events of shortness of breath, 13.33% had another attack of myocardial infarction, 30.37% had angiography done and mortality rate was 14.07%. There were 85.4% patients still alive in Group A and 86.8% in Group B. The overall survival rate is 85.9%. Conclusion: In overall comparison there is no significant difference in patency and occlusion rate. However, the survival rate is 85.9%. So we can say both groups are equally safe and no procedure is preferred over another, entailing an identical caliber of anastomosis.

On- versus off-pump CABG in octogenarians: A propensity-matched analysis from the UK National Database.

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) remains a good revascularization strategy in octogenarians with excellent clinical outcomes and quality of life postoperatively. However, the benefits of off-pump over on-pump CABG in the elderly population are still controversial. We investigated this issue in the UK National Audit database. We retrospectively analyzed all octogenarians undergoing nonemergency, isolated CABG from 1996 to 2019. Propensity score matching (PSM) was conducted to adjust for imbalance in the baseline characteristics between the off-pump and on-pump groups. Primary outcome was in-hospital mortality and postoperative cerebrovascular accidents. Secondary outcomes were bleeding requiring reoperation, deep sternal wound infection, and postoperative dialysis. A total of 6436 patients were included for analysis. No differences were observed between off- and on-pump group in-hospital mortality (4% vs. 3.8%, p = .89), return to theater rate (5.4% vs. 6.2%, p = .16) and incidence of deep sternal wound infection (1.1% vs. 1.6%, p = .34). However, octogenarian undergoing off-pump CABG were less likely to experience postoperative transient ischemic attack (TIA)/stroke (1.4% vs. 2.3%, p = .004) but more likely to require renal dialysis (4.8% vs. 3.5%, p = .03). The data show similar in-hospital mortality in octogenarians regardless of the revascularization technique used. Off-pump when compared with on-pump CABG is associated with a lower incidence in postoperative neurological events but a higher need for renal dialysis.