On-board Information Research Articles

Development and Verification of Infrastructure-Assisted Automated Driving Functions

Automated vehicles we have on public roads today are capable of up to SAE Level-3 conditional autonomy according to the SAE J3016 Standard taxonomy, where the driver is the main responsible for the driving safety. All the decision-making processes of the system depend on computations performed on the ego vehicle and utilizing only on-board sensor information, mimicking the perception of a human driver. It can be conjectured that for higher levels of autonomy, on-board sensor information will not be sufficient alone. Infrastructure assistance will, therefore, be necessary to ensure the partial or full responsibility of the driving safety. With higher penetration rates of automated vehicles however, new problems will arise. It is expected that automated driving and particularly automated vehicle platoons will lead to more road damage in the form of rutting. Inspired by this, the EU project ESRIUM investigates infrastructure assisted routing recommendations utilizing C-ITS communications. In this respect, specially designed ADAS functions are being developed with capabilities to adapt their behavior according to specific routing recommendations. Automated vehicles equipped with such ADAS functions will be able to reduce road damage. The current paper presents the specific use cases, as well as the developed C-ITS assisted ADAS functions together with their verification results utilizing a simulation framework.

Vehicle Information Collection and Communication System Based on CAN Bus and GPS

With the proportion of automobile industry in people's work and life increasing year by year, the automotive intelligent terminal market has ushered in a huge development prospect. On-board information system is a set of control system used to collect, store and display all kinds of information status in the process of automobile running. Controller Area Network (CAN) is a serial communication field bus network that effectively supports distributed monitoring or real-time control. Through the CAN bus technology, the vehicle-mounted intelligent terminal can easily interact with other devices in the automobile, so as to master the running status of the vehicle. The vehicle-mounted 3D acquisition system continuously acquires the traveling position of the measuring vehicle through GPS, and provides geographic coordinates for the 3D spatial images acquired by the measuring vehicle, thus realizing the 3D scene with spatial geographic coordinates. Relying on CAN bus and GPS technology, the vehicle-mounted intelligent terminal can conveniently obtain the surrounding road condition information and send its own vehicle data to the remote control center.

ЦИФРОВАЯ ПЛАТФОРМА ДЛЯ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ РАСПРЕДЕЛЕННЫХ СИСТЕМ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ И НАВИГАЦИИ ДЛЯ ПОДВОДНЫХ РОБОТОТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ КОМПЛЕКСОВ

The paper proposes the architecture of a digital platform for the implementation of distributedcontrol and navigation systems of underwater vehicles (UV), that perform technological operationsin an uncertain environment. The proposed digital platform is designed to automate thefollowing activities: monitoring the state of underwater infrastructure objects (communicationlines, pipelines, mining equipment, etc.), cartographic and geodesic works, determining the parametersand boundaries of physical fields, zones of distribution of chemical compounds (pollutionzones) and bioresources, protection of underwater and surface infrastructure objects (underwatermariculture farms, borders of water reserves, etc.), tracking moving objects, searching for objectsof a given type (biological, man-made, etc.), performing underwater technological operations(welding, cutting, cleaning, etc.). For this platform, a command system has been developed thatprovides flexible assignment of various types and purposes of UV missions. There are five types ofdigital platform messages: mission order management commands, mission load managementcommands, information messages, mission and group control commands. The concept of buildingdistributed control systems of the UV is proposed, which ensures the compatibility of existing onboardUV systems with the proposed solution based on the combined hydroacoustic systems ofglobal hydroacoustic navigation developed in PAO "Dalpribor" (Vladivostok). These control systemsconsist of two main parts. The first part is the initial on-board information and control systemof the UV, which ensures its movement to a given point in space at a given speed, receivingdata from on-board sensors, as well as controlling the operation of on-board equipment. The secondpart – the high level control system, provides the possibility of interaction of the control systemthrough an acoustic communication channel with the global hydro-acoustic navigation systemand the operator's automated workplace. Simulation of the data transfer in CoppeliaSim betweenthe operator and the UV within the proposed digital platform have shown that reliable missionloading and receiving information about the state of the UV is provided at different speeds andunder different operating conditions of the acoustic communication channel.

CONSIDERATIONS ON ALGORITHMS OF SELECTION AND COMPONENTS FORMING OF ON-BOARD INFORMATION AND MEASURING COMPLEXES AND REGISTRATION SYSTEMS. PECULIARITIES OF THEIR APPLICATION

On-board information and measuring complexes and registration systems are intended to control the parameters of both systems and components of the prototype and the sample of automotive and armored vehicles in general to obtain qualitative and quantitative characteristics to assess their compliance with specifications of technical development requirements.
 At present stage, there is often a need to improve methods for optimizing the development of on-board systems for collecting and processing information to ensure conducting of testing works, which take into account particulars of the electronic equipment development and are based on a unified approach to the optimal use of resources of collection and information processing systems.
 Analysis of the problem of rational use of resources of standard means of measurement, registration and indication in the system of onboard measurements and further processing of the results in automated systems for collecting and processing information for their use in testing mass produced (modernized) aircraft was previously considered by Soviet, Ukrainian and foreign scientists. But they do not give a complete picture of the algorithm, completeness and quality of tests using standard measuring instruments installed on board aircraft and do not answer a number of questions related to the optimization of the computational process.
 In particular, the potentials of standard means of measurement, registration and indication as part of the on- board measurement system for testing mass produced (modernized) aircraft and installed components, units and systems under test are not fully explored. The issue of building optimal data collection programs that implement the inquiry of measuring channels with restrictions on the frequency of channel inquiry and information processing speed is insufficiently studied.
 The novelty of the research consists in the developing of an algorithm for capabilities analysis and procedure for incorporating standard measuring, registration and indication instruments in the on-board measuring system within a single measuring and information field for testing mass produced (modernized) samples of weapons.
 Approbation and implementation of the abovementioned algorithms will allow test teams to minimize time spent on the development (selection) of the onboard measurement system to ensure research and testing of both modernized aircraft, vehicles and armored vehicles and newly created with advanced information systems.

A Highly Automated Mobile Laboratory for On-site Molecular Diagnostics in the COVID-19 Pandemic.

BackgroundInfectious disease outbreaks such as the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic call for rapid response and complete screening of the suspected community population to identify potential carriers of pathogens. Central laboratories rely on time-consuming sample collection methods that are rarely available in resource-limited settings.MethodsWe present a highly automated and fully integrated mobile laboratory for fast deployment in response to infectious disease outbreaks. The mobile laboratory was equipped with a 6-axis robot arm for automated oropharyngeal swab specimen collection; virus in the collected specimen was inactivated rapidly using an infrared heating module. Nucleic acid extraction and nested isothermal amplification were performed by a “sample in, answer out” laboratory-on-a-chip system, and the result was automatically reported by the onboard information platform. Each module was evaluated using pseudovirus or clinical samples.ResultsThe mobile laboratory was stand-alone and self-sustaining and capable of on-site specimen collection, inactivation, analysis, and reporting. The automated sampling robot arm achieved sampling efficiency comparable to manual collection. The collected samples were inactivated in as short as 12 min with efficiency comparable to a water bath without damage to nucleic acid integrity. The limit of detection of the integrated microfluidic nucleic acid analyzer reached 150 copies/mL within 45 min. Clinical evaluation of the onboard microfluidic nucleic acid analyzer demonstrated good consistency with reverse transcription quantitative PCR with a κ coefficient of 0.979.ConclusionsThe mobile laboratory provides a promising solution for fast deployment of medical diagnostic resources at critical junctions of infectious disease outbreaks and facilitates local containment of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) transmission.

ВЫСОКОПРОИЗВОДИТЕЛЬНЫЙ ИНФОРМАЦИОННО-УПРАВЛЯЮЩИЙ КОМПЛЕКС ДЛЯ ПЕРСПЕКТИВНОГО ВЫСОКОСКОРОСТНОГО ВЕРТОЛЕТА

Relevance Onboard computing systems (OCS) of modern aircraft (AC) have a system-oriented decentralized structural organization. The decentralized principle provides that the OCS is built in the form of a certain set of subsystems, between which the functional distribution of tasks is carried out. In this case, each of the specialized subsystems performs its functional task, exchanging, if necessary, information with other subsystems through the corresponding information transmission channels. However, as the functional tasks become more complex and their number increases, the decentralized principle of building on-board systems has largely exhausted its capabilities. First of all, this concerns such promising developments as the project to create a high-speed helicopter. The implementation of the concept of a promising high-speed helicopter requires the development of a high-performance on-board information and control complex capable of performing various functions in order to ensure high speed and long flight range, as well as the possibility of landing on unprepared sites. Aim of research The aim of research is to increase the performance of the on-board computer complex by forming an open architecture based on combining COST products, planning computing processes and choosing the optimal structural organization of the hardware. The objectives of the research project: 1. creation of a high-performance information and control complex based on open architectures and on the basis of integrated modular avionics; 2. using the optimization method of this complex to select the optimal possible solution to problems for a high-speed promising helicopter. Methods of research Method of generalized ranks is being worked out in detail. Ranking is made according to four criteria: total product volume, product weight, product availability, and product performance evaluation. Results The scientific novelty of this research project lies in solving problems associated with the formalization of procedures for the optimal configuration of the onboard information and control complex, based on the choice of methods for forming a set of acceptable options for onboard equipment that meet the modern concept of modular avionics, and the principles of heuristic optimization of the vector optimization base. The methods proposed in the work make it possible to improve the quality of the tasks assigned to high-speed helicopters by introducing a high-speed on-board information and control complex that meets the optimal requirements for performing the tactical and technical characteristics of a combat vehicle, which uses optimal COTS modules used on the basis of integral modular avionics. The introduction of the results of the research project into the development of promising high-speed helicopters will, according to estimates, increase the performance of the assigned tasks in front of the combat vehicle by 5–10 %.

ТЕХНОЛОГІЯ МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ІНТЕГРАЦІЙНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ ДЛЯ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ РІВНЯ БЕЗПЕКИ ДОРОЖНЬОГО РУХУ ТРАНСПОРТНИХ ЗАСОБІВ

The article is devoted to the development of technologies for modeling integration processes that synergistically affect the level of road safety of vehicles in terms of risk and uncertainty of non-stationary environmental factors. The mathematical description of the given sphere and information space of interaction of road users in the zones of the greatest probability of commission of road accidents is formalized that is shown by statistics of supervision. The essence, peculiarity and specificity of situational modes of dynamic, continuous interaction between road users, drivers and environmental factors in the space-time discrete cells of the electronic map of the critical zone on the basis of the frequency of previous accidents are substantiated. Analytical means of formation of transversal trajectories of safe movement without accidents and catastrophes are offered, which are guaranteed by the corresponding on-board information controlled complexes (BICC) of vehicles. Active targeted management within the system of navigation and control of mobile objects is implemented with a bias on the criteria to increase the level of road safety directly in the current critical area of the road network. A method of discrete dynamic programming of processes of synthesis and realization of controlled motion on a guaranteed safe transverse trajectory has been developed, which is locally applied only situationally within the transient mode of evasion from approach to threats with shock contacts. The technology of parameterization of predicted mutual maneuvering functions in the conditions of individual restrictions on the local space-time zone of own motion for a pair of vehicles that are really close to each other is formalized. BICC information and analytical tools ensure the reliability of estimates of the interval of endurance according to the prejudiced piecewise continuous transverse curve, which also provides local points of avoidance of collisions or the passage of forbidden local microzones. The only methods of modeling different vehicles by each BICC actively synthesize paired microphase spatial divisions of their own trajectories, which, due to the presence of risks, record the absence of traffic accidents with loss of safety within nonstationary flows due to the coordinated multiple heterogeneous interaction under similar conditions of field approximations. KEY WORDS: UNPRECEDENTED SAFETY, TRAFFIC, GUARANTEED MANAGEMENT, COLLISION PREVENTION, REASONABLE DYNAMICS.

АВТОМАТИЗАЦИЯ ПРОЦЕССА УПРАВЛЕНИЯ РАБОТОЙ СТРЕЛОВЫХ ГРУЗОПОДЪЕМНЫХ СРЕДСТВ НА КОЛЕСНОМ ХОДУ

The article discusses the on-board information system that will ensure a safe and steady operation of a wheel-mounted boom lifting equipment. The proposed configuration of information panel clearly demonstrates all changes in the angle of boom-lift body orientation while performing necessary production operations and can prevent pre-emergency situations in time. The processing of logged performance values is a very complex and labor-intensive process. Therefore, authors propose to consider the possibility of using the software to reduce time required for performance analysis. The article deals with an algorithm presented here in the form of a block diagram for serial data acquisition, which allows processing logic chain data transferred from the measurement components. The presented mathematical expressions allow authors to calculate the time intervals required for data acquisition and the duration of experimental data recording for further analysis. The proposed combination of the measurement components of on-board information system includes tilt angle meters, force meters, an information panel, and a voltage maintenance unit. All that measurement components of the on-board information system are space saver and can be easily placed on the body of the boom lifting equipment. The figures and tables presented in the article indicate efforts at the creation and commissioning of the on-board information system for boom lifting equipment. As a result, it should be noted that the proposed on-board information system ensures the reliability of a wheel-mounted boom lifting equipment and it is also reasonable to use it for almost all wheel-mounted boom lifting mashines as well as for hoisting equipment.

МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ УГРОЗ ИНФОРМАЦИОННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ИНТЕГРАЛЬНОЙ МОДУЛЬНОЙ АВИОНИКИ

The article presents results of researches and the analysis of means of unauthorized access and Directors of hindrances to means of communication and navigation of aircraft. It also shows that the issue of protecting automated systems of aviation equipment from threats to information security is becoming increasingly important in the context of an increase in the level of automation for prospective aircraft engines, onboard equipment, systems and units of aircraft, an increase in the complexity of onboard information systems. There is an analysis in the means of electronic warfare, capable of influencing the flight of an aircraft, both intentionally and unintentionally. There also is a statistical inference of aviation accidents on various aircraft flight phases. The airplane mathematical model constructed taking into account hindrances and harmful impacts on the onboard equipment is developed. Static stability of the plane longitudinal movement taking into account the external environment is investigated. The article gives results of a numerical experiment showing offered mathematical model high degree of adequacy. The materials of the publication contain the results of theoretical research and numerical experiment conducted using a mathematical model of the dynamics of controlled flight of the aircraft under the action of both natural noise and intentional harmful effects on the means of communication and navigation of AIRCRAFT, as well as hacker attacks on onboard computing facilities. The model is implemented in Matlab/Simulink, which allows building a workstation simulator. That in turn allows for taking into account the “human factor” when modeling the flight of an aircraft.

SUBSTANTIATION OF GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ON-BOARD INFORMATION MEASUREMENT AND RECORDING SYSTEMS FOR TESTS OF AUTOMOTIVE EQUIPMENT AND ARMOURED VEHICLES

On-board information measurement and recording systems are designed to control the parameters of both systems and units of the prototype and the sample of automotive equipment and armored vehicles in general, to obtain qualitative and quantitative characteristics to assess their compliance with technical requirements of the request for proposal.
 The universal modular type on-board information-measuring system must provide acquisition, conversion and registration on the on-board drive of parametric (analog and digital), discrete, audio and video information from on- board systems of armament and military equipment (AME) sample during tests.
 A special place is occupied by data collection and processing systems during automotive equipment and armored vehicles tests. This is due to the need to obtain during experiments quantitative information about the characteristics of the sample and its systems on the basis of an unbiased evaluation of a significant number of values of physical quantities, which are determined experimentally. Despite the significant difference in the technical characteristics and methods of application of different types of armored vehicles, the information support of their tests has lots in common.
 From the technical point of view, tests of armored vehicles are a process of obtaining, converting, registering and processing of measuring information generated by on-board systems of AME test sample. The whole complex of engineering measurements instruments (ground measuring instruments, on-board measuring systems, trajectory measurement systems, telemetry systems) using common time equipment, means of acquisition and processing measuring information, control and communication is combined into a single information measuring and computing complex, which in turn allows giving an unbiased evaluation of the characteristics and features of the test object as a whole.
 In order to improve the quality of testing of new and upgraded sample of automotive equipment and armored vehicles, the need for a universal on-board information measurement and recording systems, its characteristics are analysed, proposals for the composition, as well as general requirements were introduced.

APPROACH TO INCREASING THE SURVIVABILITY OF CLASS I UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE IN EMERGENCY OPERATIONS

The article proposes an approach to increasing the survivability of class I unmanned aerial vehicles in emergency operations which involves development of an onboard information system for identifying emergency occasions in flight and the synthesis of a control action on the unmanned aircraft in case of hazardous factors influence. As the result of the analysis of the main trends in the development of unmanned aerial vehicles onboard control systems, it was found that the leading countries are paying significant attention to increasing their intellectualization level. This is necessary to ensure the fulfilment of complex tasks that are assigned to modern unmanned aerial vehicles in the military and civilian spheres. The main directions of such researches are identifying the problem of swarm application of unmanned aerial vehicles and expanding the capabilities of onboard control systems maintain automatically the values of certain parameters when the flight conditions changes. As the approach to increasing the survivability of a class I unmanned aerial vehicle, a vision of an onboard information system for identifying emergency occasions in flight and synthesis of control action is proposed, the functional purpose of its components is described. It is suggested that this system will be comprised of a subsystem for identifying emergency cases in flight and determining the class I unmanned aerial vehicle threat level and a subsystem for synthesizing control action. Governing documents and regulations for the state aviation of Ukraine determines the list of aircraft emergency occasions. Article mentions the necessity of detailing emergency occasions in flight, which are typical for class I unmanned aerial vehicles and an approach to their classification is proposed. A vision of the nearest partial scientific tasks and a list of expected scientific results of research in this direction are given.

Comprehensive solution for onboard fiber-optic information networks

Problem statement. In recent years, the problem of replacing copper-core fiber-optic cables has become particularly relevant. This is due to two factors: first, the prospect of introducing unmanned vehicles and the development of electromagnetic microwave weapons that can disable electronic equipment for almost any target at a distance of 10 km or more, and second, the growing need to reduce the delay of transmitted signals on the network and increase the volume of information transmitted in these networks. The article describes the construction of onboard cable networks using fiberoptic cables. The advantages and disadvantages of fiber-optic based onboard networks are described.Objective. Development of solutions for the use of fiber-optic communication cables in onboard information networks that provide high technology for laying optical cables, the required speed of information transmission, ease of operation and modernization of information networks.Results. A comprehensive solution for building onboard information networks based on fiber-optic cables having an increased core diameter and an optimized refractive index profile in pipelines using pneumatic laying technology is proposed.Practical implications. The proposed integrated solution for onboard fiber-optic information networks, including a method for onboard laying optical cables, the use of specially developed optical fiber with an increased core diameter and reduced differential modal delay, and the development of modular telecommunications equipment, allows meeting the requirements for onboard networks to ensure reliability and safety, economic efficiency, reduce labor intensity, and ease of maintenance, components dismantling and replacement.

Mending the Vehicle Aftermarkets: A Call to Halt OEMs' Harm to Consumers

This paper argues that the FTC should take action to protect the right to repair cars and light trucks. Through legal and policy investments that stretch back half a century, lawmakers have given consumers a right to repair their cars and light trucks and kept the aftermarkets for parts and service of those vehicles separate from the fore markets for those vehicles. Of late, the right to repair has been undermined by a host of practices engaged in by certain automakers, including the practice of obtaining design patents on collision parts, entry into exclusive supply agreements with certain component manufacturers, limits certain parts to use on specific vehicles (i.e., VIN burning), and steering consumers to particular facilities through the use of onboard information systems. The FTC should investigate and put an end to these practices.

Increasing the probability of recognizing a target using a two-dimensional image from the sensor of the visible range of the onboard complex of information support for search and rescue operations in the Arctic

The article addresses the task of improving target recognition in onboard information support system for search and rescue operations in the Arctic region. One of the tasks performed by the complex is recognition of objects in twodimensional camera images, which suffer from the loss of the image brightness, being formed by constant brightness principle, with its direct impact on the probability of target recognition. To preserve the brightness of the image, the authors propose to process the primary signals of the camera according to the principle of constant color brightness. The proposed processing can increase the probability of correct target recognition. The paper analyzes the principles of encoding the primary signals of the television camera. For the object recognition problem, the cascades were trained based on the cascade classifier using the principles of constant brightness and constant color brightness. The output of the trained cascades has confirmed that the processing of the primary signals of a television camera based on the principle of constant brightness improves target recognition and therefore will increase the object recognition performance of the complex under development.

Risk assessment in ensuring aircraft on-board systems safety

A method of risk assessment of an aircraft on-board information system is being considered, which allows ensuring reliability and safety of such a complex system in operation. This technique implies application of combined mathematical tools to estimate the risks that complex systems/items are being exposed to. The existing risk assessment methods are not flexible enough to solve the complex task of enhancing comprehensive safety of an aircraft information system (AIS) due to difficulty in unifying the criteria for estimating the degree of hazard in reference to all safety concepts. Currently, risks severity and mechanism for the development of one undesirable event (risk event) into more complex forms during technical operation of an aircraft items/system are not being considered. However, the method proposed in this article intends to become a catalyst for generation of new criteria on a unified basis for estimating safety of such a technical complex system such as AIS, since it contains three-component risk parameters. I.e. the risk for threats from violators (cases of unlawful interference (UI)), vulnerabilities (functional hazards that contribute to UI and its development in a system) and loss (set of criteria that evaluates consequences of UI). As a result, these criteria and parameters of threecomponent safety will allow us to find a new approach to determining the complex risk to which important aircraft systems, such as on-board aircraft information systems, are exposed. This article presents a method for determining risk that takes into account the three-component safety concept. Together, these components will make it possible to evaluate technical systems hazard degree, taking into account their sophistication. The information provided in this paper by the authors is a scientific hypothesis designed to draw attention of the scientific community to the problem of lack of methods for evaluating multicomponent risks in such a system as AIS. The article presents the basic criteria for evaluating a complex three-component risk; they are not sufficient for the full formation of new criteria for evaluating the safety of a complex aircraft system/item and requires clarification of their parameters. Thus, this work is not absolute as a complete solution to the complex problem of enhancing comprehensive safety of AIS, but only offers a methodology for unifying the three safety components to evaluate complex risk.

Development of method of testing a set of screen-exhaust devices in the helicopter Mi-8MSB-B

The object of research is a set of screen-exhaust devices (SED) as part of the Mi-8MSB-V helicopter (Ukrainian version of the modernization of the Soviet multipurpose Mi-8 helicopter, developed by Motor Sich JSC, Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine). The SED set is designed to reduce the infrared signature of helicopters equipped with TV3-117 turboshaft engines of all modifications for the Mi-8MSB-V, Mi-8MT, Mi-14 and Mi-24.One of the problem areas is the lack of methods for solving the problem of determining the parameters and tactical and technical characteristics when examining SED as part of an aircraft during testing and research, which must be carried out in accordance with the approved Technical Operation Manual.When constructing the developed methodology, the rules of the Technical Operation Manual and the Helicopter Flight Operation Manual were applied, which allows testing in compliance with flight safety standards. Flight tests serve as a source of information for analytical calculations, the SED models and verification of their reliability by checking the convergence of the parameters of the functioning process under the same conditions using simulation and flight experiments.The developed technique of research and testing of a set of screen-exhaust devices makes it possible to check the performance of a specific sample in all flight modes. The technique makes it possible to determine the level of engine power losses in different operating modes using the parameters of the on-board information collection facilities in conjunction with SED. This makes it possible to obtain a characteristic of fuel consumption in the case of a set of screen-exhaust devices installed on board and without it. The technique takes into account the possibility of simultaneously conducting both flight and ground tests of SED to construct an infrared radiation indicatrix and determine the distances and angles of target capture by the homing head of portable anti-aircraft missile systems.Analysis of the data obtained made it possible to determine the direction of further computational and experimental studies aimed at improving the flow path of the SED.

Improving the educational process to address issues of digital technologies development in the road industry

The features of the educational process in training personnel for the road industry at Altai State Technical University are considered, taking into account the development of the digital economy. Much attention has been paid to key technologies that provide digitalization for the road industry. The set of disciplines necessary for obtaining knowledge in digital technologies for the further activities of university graduates is analyzed. When studying bachelor’s and master’s programmes, future specialists acquire knowledge of modern methods in computer-aided design of highways, geographic information systems in construction, information modeling and intelligent transportation systems. During the educational process, an understanding of the importance of implementing an automated control of equipment in road construction works using onboard information management system is also formed. The directions of scientific research are described in which students studying Master’s Programme in Highway Design Construction and Management work. These studies make extensive use of digital technology. The analysis of road traffic accidents for identifying hazardous sections is given, as well as the analysis of the current road state with the development of measures for improving the transport and operational road condition. Current research areas using digital technologies are in demand in modern conditions.

On-Board Fast and Intelligent Perception of Ships With the “Jilin-1” Spectrum 01/02 Satellites

Acquisition of information on ocean-going vessels is important for trade, shipping safety and assessing illegal behavior, and so on. Optical remote sensing satellites have become important for the above tasks because of its advantages of a large swath width, high resolution and independence from ground basic resources. Relying on the “Jilin-1” Spectrum 01/02 satellites, this paper proposes an on-board processing system for ship information acquisition and is studied with the relevant methods. The main modules include data analysis, image preprocessing, target area recommendation, target detection, and longitude and latitude calculation of the ship. The paper utilizes a narrow-band communication channel to send a message to the user when the offshore ship's length is more than 70 m. The satellite-ground experiment shows that the information was acquired within 4 minutes from the intelligence system working to the operator getting the ship's information. The delay of information acquisition is reduced from a few hours in previous systems to a few minutes in this system. This paper the first attempt at intelligent on-board information processing in the field of commercial aerospace.

Визначення максимального кута відхилення знімальної апаратури космічного апарата дистанційного зондування Землі при забезпеченні необхідної просторової розрізненості матеріалів космічного знімання

The mathematical expressions, specifying the estimation of the capabilities of remote sensing satellites with opto-electronic imaging equipment for observing the Earth’s surface with the necessary (predetermined) spatial resolution of the space imaging materials when deflecting the optical axis of on-board information complex, are obtained and substantiated in the article. The validity of the obtained expressions is proved by comparing the results of the solution of the direct and inverse problems of determining the spatial resolution of the space imaging materials when the optical axis of the on-board information complex of remote sensing satellites is deflected. Taking into account the deterioration of spatial resolution depending on the angle of deviation of the on-board information system of the satellites and the curvature of the Earth provides increasing the accuracy in determining the field of regard of satellites when modeling the state and changes in the space situation, as well as assessing their surface capabilities for space imaging. The capabilities of remote sensing satellites with opto-electronic equipment have been evaluated and it has been proved that the space imagery they receive cannot be applied to detect and identify (to the kind, class, type) objects of observation within the entire field of regard of imaging equipment, provided that the claimed spatial resolution of the space imaging materials. Prospects for further research are the refinement solution of practical problems in planning the use of on-board resource of remote sensing satellites, the improvement of algorithms for taking into account the possible observation of domestic territory (objects) with the help of foreign spacecraft’s and improving the methods of estimation of the remote sensing satellites with radar equipment.

Research on Form Design of Automotive Dashboard Based on Kansei Engineering

Understanding the driver’s emotional needs for the dashboard is crucial to the success of vehicle design. In order to reduce the psychological burden of drivers in obtaining on-board information, the image of automobile dashboard was visually described and quantitatively analyzed with applying Kansei Engineering theory and the principle of Quantitative Class I. The predictive model between the adjectives of vehicle dashboard shape and perceptual image was established by using multiple linear regression analysis method, and the relationship between perceptual image and design elements was analyzed. The results show that the main sensory factors of shape design should be gentle and comfortable in the process of automobile dashboard design. To improve the fit between automobile dashboard design and driver’s perceptual needs by transforming driver’s emotional perception into design elements.