On-board Information Systems Research Articles

Analysis of the security of on-board information systems in vehicles

The features of the functioning of the on-board information systems of a car are considered. Threats to their security are analyzed, and methods for ensuring information security and functional security of on-board information systems are proposed. The design of road networks in the organization of road traffic is one of the factors in ensuring the functional security of modern intelligent transport systems, that is, compliance with such information security attributes as data confidentiality, integrity, availability, authenticity and novelty of data. The security of on-board vehicle information systems is a critical issue in the modern world, as more and more vehicles are equipped with electronic systems that may be vulnerable to cyber attacks. One of the main challenges of protecting on-board information systems is the wide range of devices and technologies used in modern vehicles. Different systems may have different security requirements and vulnerabilities. They may interact with each other in a complex way. Another challenge is that many of these systems were not designed originally with security in mind. They may lack basic security features such as encryption and authentication and use outdated software and protocols that are vulnerable to known attacks. The main types of attacks and threats to the elements of the transportation system that interact with the VANET were identified to analyze the information security of vehicle in-vehicle systems. Based on the theory of fuzzy sets under conditions of uncertainty and using the Fuzzy Logic Toolbox in the integrated Matlab environment, the level of information security of the OBU-VANET system was modeled. The obtained results allowed us to formulate the degree of information security of vehicle operation elements against unauthorized access to data. The results of the study showed that technical communication systems have the highest security level (> 0.7), and vehicles become the most vulnerable in public places.

МЕТОДИКА ОБОСНОВАНИЯ СОСТАВА БОРТОВОЙ ИНФОРМАЦИОННО-УПРАВЛЯЮЩЕЙ СИСТЕМЫ ТРАНСПОРТНЫХ СРЕДСТВ

The article analyzes the impact of the introduction of on-board information and control systems in the composition of the vehicle on the technical condition of cargo vehicles. The shortcomings of the functioning of the onboard systems used are determined. A methodology for substantiating the composition of the onboard information and control system of cargo transport based on the requirements for the functioning of a particular vehicle is proposed. An algorithm for collecting and processing information received from such systems is presented, with the ability to track the current state of components in real time and develop a model for predicting the technical condition of vehicle systems. A method of integrated assessment of on-board information and con-trol systems has been developed to select the optimal composition of systems depending on the weight of criteria affecting the efficiency of the vehicle.

Research on Psychological Load of Drivers Based on Using On-Board Information System from Different Angles

Research on Psychological Load of Drivers Based on Using On-Board Information System from Different Angles

Research on the psychological load of drivers while using an on-board information system from different angles

Research on the psychological load of drivers while using an on-board information system from different angles

Method of complex assessment of on-board information and control systems on mining machines

Method of complex assessment of on-board information and control systems on mining machines

THERMAL MANAGEMENT OF A SET OF THERMOELECTRIC COOLERS CONNECTED IN PARALLEL IN AN UNEVEN TEMPERATURE FIELD

A method of increasing the efficiency of thermoelectric system for providing thermal modes of distributed heat-loaded elements of an on-board information system is considered. It is shown that thermoelectric coolers are most susceptible to thermal effects. In accordance with the reliability model, they are connected in series with heat loaded elements and to a great extent determine their operability. The inclusion of thermoelectric coolers in the feedback loop of a thermal management system places increased demands on the dynamic performance of the coolers. However, dynamics and reliability performance are at odds with each other, requiring compromise approaches to cooler design and control. Studies have been carried out for an uneven temperature field, a typical dissipation power range, and a fixed geometry of thermocouple branches. Analytical relations for determining the relative operating current depending on the relative temperature difference at a given supply voltage, geometry of thermocouple branches and heat load value have been obtained. The range of actual values of the relative operating current in the area of relative temperature differences is determined. An analysis of relation between relative operating current and refrigerating factor, amount of consumed energy, heat dissipation capacity of a radiator, time of reaching steady-state mode and probability of no-failure operation has been carried out. The dependence of the relative failure rate, energy input, heat dissipation capacity of the heat sink and the number of thermocouples on the supply voltage has been investigated. This made it possible to determine the controlling features and to reveal the efficiency of controlling actions when the coolers are connected in parallel in an uneven temperature field. The possibility of selecting the optimum supply voltage taking into account the limiting factors for mass-size, energy, dynamic and reliability characteristics of a set of thermoelectric coolers with parallel electric connection is shown. This makes it possible to create thermoelectric systems for providing thermal modes with increased reliability while minimizing mass and dimensional characteristics.

ОБОБЩЕННАЯ СТРУКТУРА ПРОГРАММНОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ КОММУНИКАЦИОННОЙ ПЛАТФОРМЫ V2X В СОСТАВЕ БОРТОВОЙ ИНФОРМАЦИОННО-АНАЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ СИСТЕМЫ

Currently, the world’s largest automakers are paying special attention to the development of automated driving technologies. Increasing the level of vehicle automation improves traffic safety and efficiency. For this purpose, a set of algorithms based on artificial intelligence, specialized devices and sensors for navigation and assessment of the road situation are used. Another way to increase the level of automation is the use of V2X technologies, which allow vehicles to communicate wirelessly with all road users. The implementation of these functions requires the availability of special services, high quality transport infrastructure, specialized roadside equipment, as well as on-board communication platforms, which include V2X modules. The article provides an overview of the known V2X on-board modules, indicates the main functions of the developed V2X communication platform. International regulatory standards for DSRC and C-V2X technologies are noted, including recommendations and requirements for the hardware of onboard equipment. An additional composition of the software for the onboard information and analytical system for interaction with the V2X communication platform is determined. A block diagram is described and a preliminary software package for a breadboard model of the V2X communication platform is considered. The requirements are clarified for hardware and software resources.

ПОРІВНЯЛЬНА ОЦІНКА ІСНУЮЧИХ МЕТОДІВ НАВІГАЦІЙНОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ТА ВДОСКОНАЛЕНОГО КОМБІНОВАНОГО МЕТОДУ З ФІЛЬТРОМ ЧАСТИН РАО-БЛЕКВЕЛЛА

The analysis of the research showed that the most effective development of modern autonomous navigation software is the modernization of complexes and systems, improvement of methods and algorithms of software and hardware implementation, which will ensure the efficiency of existing equipment, relevance and reduce financial burden on weapons and military equipment. The development of a modern autonomous navigation system using modern positioning methods and algorithms is one of the priorities, because the existing systems used today, although effective, but in the future may lead to a number of problems and difficulties that will not be solved in a short time. The new solution of the scientific and applied problem, which consists in improving the mathematical and software subsystems for determining the current location of combat reconnaissance vehicles with existing information and control systems, is generalized and substantiated. The paper presents the results of an improved method of determining the current value of coordinates with a filter of Rao-Blackwell parts, which allows to determine the current coordinates of the machine with the required accuracy and conservation of the calculated resource of combat information control system. A comparative evaluation of existing navigation systems and a combined method for determining the current value of coordinates with a filter of Rao-Blackwell parts integrated into the onboard information and control system of the machine. The exact characteristics of the system for determining the current coordinates of the machine that do not exceed half the linear dimensions of the combat vehicle are established. In addition, the estimated power of the processor to perform complex arithmetic tasks in the onboard information and control system. This indicates that by reducing the cumulative error as a result of arithmetic operations in existing algorithms and in the improved method increases the accuracy of the system and reduces the estimated resource of the entire subsystem in the BICS. Keywords: on-board information and control systems, Rao-Blackwell part filter, positioning, autonomous moving object, Kalman filter.

Method for determining of aircraft landing performance by the simulation modeling

The paper considers the method for determining of aircraft landing performance, the basic of which is landing roll depending on the type and tire inflation pressure, runway surface condition, aircraft weight, availability of brake parachutes. The given results are received by the simulation modeling of aircraft spatial movement on a landing mode. The model of aircraft dynamics includes modules of aircraft movement kinematic parameters calculation, engine thrust, landing gear ground reaction, retarding force in wheel brakes and brake parachutes. Adequacy and reliability of the designed model of aircraft movement is confirmed by comparison of values of movement kinematic parameters obtained as a result of simulation modeling, and the parameters received from a real flight of the maneuverable aircraft. The designed simulation model allows us to analyze change of aircraft movement kinematic parameters, defining its flight mode. By the results of the conducted study, it has been defined that halving of normal operational pressure in MLG wheels decreases aircraft landing roll by over forty per cent. Installation of КТ-163D wheels instead of КТ-251А reduces landing roll by approximately a factor of one and a half times, use of brake parachutes reduces aircraft landing roll almost twice at landing on an icy runway. The introduced method is recommended to be used while studying aircraft landing performance during its design or modernization. It is also suggested to integrate the designed method for determining landing performance as a part of on-board information and control system with the view of immediate aircraft landing performance determination in real-time operation in specific flight conditions.

Method for synthesis of an intelligent automatic system for diagnosing combustion engine vibration of the power supply system of an unmanned vessel

The paper considers the implementation prospects and features of the synthesis of an intelligent automatic system for diagnosing the internal combustion engine vibration of a power supply system in terms of developing technologies for automatic or remote control of unmanned vessels. The paper addresses the issue of predicting the technical condition of a combustion engine using available diagnostic methods. The study focuses on the equipment required for monitoring and analyzing the technical condition of the engine of an unmanned vessel when operating in automatic or remotely controlled mode. An algorithm has been developed for collecting, storing and accumulating data on the condition of the engine components and units in the on-board information system of the vessel to exchange data on the condition of the engine and its components during remote monitoring and to determine fault codes. The approaches to the synthesis of an intelligent automatic system for diagnosing the combustion engine vibration are considered from a methodological point of view. Vibration diagnostics equipment used for the analysis of the technical condition of the engine is proposed. Some results of the classification of the technical condition of the engine are presented. The expediency of introducing and using hybrid intelligent systems based on artificial neural networks is exemplified by diagnostics of the MITSUBISHI S16R engine.

Vehicle Information Collection and Communication System Based on CAN Bus and GPS

With the proportion of automobile industry in people's work and life increasing year by year, the automotive intelligent terminal market has ushered in a huge development prospect. On-board information system is a set of control system used to collect, store and display all kinds of information status in the process of automobile running. Controller Area Network (CAN) is a serial communication field bus network that effectively supports distributed monitoring or real-time control. Through the CAN bus technology, the vehicle-mounted intelligent terminal can easily interact with other devices in the automobile, so as to master the running status of the vehicle. The vehicle-mounted 3D acquisition system continuously acquires the traveling position of the measuring vehicle through GPS, and provides geographic coordinates for the 3D spatial images acquired by the measuring vehicle, thus realizing the 3D scene with spatial geographic coordinates. Relying on CAN bus and GPS technology, the vehicle-mounted intelligent terminal can conveniently obtain the surrounding road condition information and send its own vehicle data to the remote control center.

АВТОМАТИЗАЦИЯ ПРОЦЕССА УПРАВЛЕНИЯ РАБОТОЙ СТРЕЛОВЫХ ГРУЗОПОДЪЕМНЫХ СРЕДСТВ НА КОЛЕСНОМ ХОДУ

The article discusses the on-board information system that will ensure a safe and steady operation of a wheel-mounted boom lifting equipment. The proposed configuration of information panel clearly demonstrates all changes in the angle of boom-lift body orientation while performing necessary production operations and can prevent pre-emergency situations in time. The processing of logged performance values is a very complex and labor-intensive process. Therefore, authors propose to consider the possibility of using the software to reduce time required for performance analysis. The article deals with an algorithm presented here in the form of a block diagram for serial data acquisition, which allows processing logic chain data transferred from the measurement components. The presented mathematical expressions allow authors to calculate the time intervals required for data acquisition and the duration of experimental data recording for further analysis. The proposed combination of the measurement components of on-board information system includes tilt angle meters, force meters, an information panel, and a voltage maintenance unit. All that measurement components of the on-board information system are space saver and can be easily placed on the body of the boom lifting equipment. The figures and tables presented in the article indicate efforts at the creation and commissioning of the on-board information system for boom lifting equipment. As a result, it should be noted that the proposed on-board information system ensures the reliability of a wheel-mounted boom lifting equipment and it is also reasonable to use it for almost all wheel-mounted boom lifting mashines as well as for hoisting equipment.

МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ УГРОЗ ИНФОРМАЦИОННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ИНТЕГРАЛЬНОЙ МОДУЛЬНОЙ АВИОНИКИ

The article presents results of researches and the analysis of means of unauthorized access and Directors of hindrances to means of communication and navigation of aircraft. It also shows that the issue of protecting automated systems of aviation equipment from threats to information security is becoming increasingly important in the context of an increase in the level of automation for prospective aircraft engines, onboard equipment, systems and units of aircraft, an increase in the complexity of onboard information systems. There is an analysis in the means of electronic warfare, capable of influencing the flight of an aircraft, both intentionally and unintentionally. There also is a statistical inference of aviation accidents on various aircraft flight phases. The airplane mathematical model constructed taking into account hindrances and harmful impacts on the onboard equipment is developed. Static stability of the plane longitudinal movement taking into account the external environment is investigated. The article gives results of a numerical experiment showing offered mathematical model high degree of adequacy. The materials of the publication contain the results of theoretical research and numerical experiment conducted using a mathematical model of the dynamics of controlled flight of the aircraft under the action of both natural noise and intentional harmful effects on the means of communication and navigation of AIRCRAFT, as well as hacker attacks on onboard computing facilities. The model is implemented in Matlab/Simulink, which allows building a workstation simulator. That in turn allows for taking into account the “human factor” when modeling the flight of an aircraft.

APPROACH TO INCREASING THE SURVIVABILITY OF CLASS I UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE IN EMERGENCY OPERATIONS

The article proposes an approach to increasing the survivability of class I unmanned aerial vehicles in emergency operations which involves development of an onboard information system for identifying emergency occasions in flight and the synthesis of a control action on the unmanned aircraft in case of hazardous factors influence. As the result of the analysis of the main trends in the development of unmanned aerial vehicles onboard control systems, it was found that the leading countries are paying significant attention to increasing their intellectualization level. This is necessary to ensure the fulfilment of complex tasks that are assigned to modern unmanned aerial vehicles in the military and civilian spheres. The main directions of such researches are identifying the problem of swarm application of unmanned aerial vehicles and expanding the capabilities of onboard control systems maintain automatically the values of certain parameters when the flight conditions changes. As the approach to increasing the survivability of a class I unmanned aerial vehicle, a vision of an onboard information system for identifying emergency occasions in flight and synthesis of control action is proposed, the functional purpose of its components is described. It is suggested that this system will be comprised of a subsystem for identifying emergency cases in flight and determining the class I unmanned aerial vehicle threat level and a subsystem for synthesizing control action. Governing documents and regulations for the state aviation of Ukraine determines the list of aircraft emergency occasions. Article mentions the necessity of detailing emergency occasions in flight, which are typical for class I unmanned aerial vehicles and an approach to their classification is proposed. A vision of the nearest partial scientific tasks and a list of expected scientific results of research in this direction are given.

Mending the Vehicle Aftermarkets: A Call to Halt OEMs' Harm to Consumers

This paper argues that the FTC should take action to protect the right to repair cars and light trucks. Through legal and policy investments that stretch back half a century, lawmakers have given consumers a right to repair their cars and light trucks and kept the aftermarkets for parts and service of those vehicles separate from the fore markets for those vehicles. Of late, the right to repair has been undermined by a host of practices engaged in by certain automakers, including the practice of obtaining design patents on collision parts, entry into exclusive supply agreements with certain component manufacturers, limits certain parts to use on specific vehicles (i.e., VIN burning), and steering consumers to particular facilities through the use of onboard information systems. The FTC should investigate and put an end to these practices.

Risk assessment in ensuring aircraft on-board systems safety

A method of risk assessment of an aircraft on-board information system is being considered, which allows ensuring reliability and safety of such a complex system in operation. This technique implies application of combined mathematical tools to estimate the risks that complex systems/items are being exposed to. The existing risk assessment methods are not flexible enough to solve the complex task of enhancing comprehensive safety of an aircraft information system (AIS) due to difficulty in unifying the criteria for estimating the degree of hazard in reference to all safety concepts. Currently, risks severity and mechanism for the development of one undesirable event (risk event) into more complex forms during technical operation of an aircraft items/system are not being considered. However, the method proposed in this article intends to become a catalyst for generation of new criteria on a unified basis for estimating safety of such a technical complex system such as AIS, since it contains three-component risk parameters. I.e. the risk for threats from violators (cases of unlawful interference (UI)), vulnerabilities (functional hazards that contribute to UI and its development in a system) and loss (set of criteria that evaluates consequences of UI). As a result, these criteria and parameters of threecomponent safety will allow us to find a new approach to determining the complex risk to which important aircraft systems, such as on-board aircraft information systems, are exposed. This article presents a method for determining risk that takes into account the three-component safety concept. Together, these components will make it possible to evaluate technical systems hazard degree, taking into account their sophistication. The information provided in this paper by the authors is a scientific hypothesis designed to draw attention of the scientific community to the problem of lack of methods for evaluating multicomponent risks in such a system as AIS. The article presents the basic criteria for evaluating a complex three-component risk; they are not sufficient for the full formation of new criteria for evaluating the safety of a complex aircraft system/item and requires clarification of their parameters. Thus, this work is not absolute as a complete solution to the complex problem of enhancing comprehensive safety of AIS, but only offers a methodology for unifying the three safety components to evaluate complex risk.

Визначення максимального кута відхилення знімальної апаратури космічного апарата дистанційного зондування Землі при забезпеченні необхідної просторової розрізненості матеріалів космічного знімання

The mathematical expressions, specifying the estimation of the capabilities of remote sensing satellites with opto-electronic imaging equipment for observing the Earth’s surface with the necessary (predetermined) spatial resolution of the space imaging materials when deflecting the optical axis of on-board information complex, are obtained and substantiated in the article. The validity of the obtained expressions is proved by comparing the results of the solution of the direct and inverse problems of determining the spatial resolution of the space imaging materials when the optical axis of the on-board information complex of remote sensing satellites is deflected. Taking into account the deterioration of spatial resolution depending on the angle of deviation of the on-board information system of the satellites and the curvature of the Earth provides increasing the accuracy in determining the field of regard of satellites when modeling the state and changes in the space situation, as well as assessing their surface capabilities for space imaging. The capabilities of remote sensing satellites with opto-electronic equipment have been evaluated and it has been proved that the space imagery they receive cannot be applied to detect and identify (to the kind, class, type) objects of observation within the entire field of regard of imaging equipment, provided that the claimed spatial resolution of the space imaging materials. Prospects for further research are the refinement solution of practical problems in planning the use of on-board resource of remote sensing satellites, the improvement of algorithms for taking into account the possible observation of domestic territory (objects) with the help of foreign spacecraft’s and improving the methods of estimation of the remote sensing satellites with radar equipment.

ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ГОТОВНОСТІ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-КЕРУЮЧОЇ СИСТЕМИ КОСМІЧНОГО АПАРАТУ З УСУНЕННЯМ ПРОГРАМНИХ ДЕФЕКТІВ ПІСЛЯ ПРОВЕДЕННЯ ОПЕРАТИВНОЇ ОНЛАЙН-ВЕРИФІКАЦІЇ

The paper deals the multi-fragmental model of the two-channel space on-board information and control system of piloted spaceship. The model describes process of on-line software verification considering subsequent elimination of detected software faults. To take into account the change of software failure rate, the apparatus of regular multi-fragmental Markov’s models is used. The algorithm of determining sets of state fragments, states, transitions is proposed. It is considered the most widespread architecture of the information-control system, which includes two redundant hardware channels. Each channel has the same software version. After a failure caused by software faults, the information and control system is restored by restarting. Particularity of the researched system is performing of on-line software verification during its operation. The state of verification is considered as down-state on availability assessing. After onset software faults, degradation of program functions does not occur. The system is recoveredafter the failed state and continues functioning. For the estimation of the availability function, the Markov’s model for different sets of input data is researched. For that Matlab programs were developed. To solve the system of differential equations, an embedded Matlab ode15s solver is used. It is revealed that with increasing probability of faults detection during on-linesoftware verification, the availability of the system will increase at the end of the time interval of the model study. In order to accelerate the transition of the availability to stationary state, it is necessary to carry out more frequent verification procedures and try to eliminate a greater number of software faults in one check. In the initial period of operation, the availability of systems with planned on-line verification is lower than that of systems without fixing software faults. According to the results of the simulation, conclusions about the influence of the time parameters of the verification on the fault elimination intensity and the minimum of availability functions are formulated.

On-board information and control systems that automate the movement of vehicles in a column using the example of heavy vehicles

The subject of this article is on-board information control systems that ensure the movement of heavy vehicles in a convoy with the driver only in the first car, as well as cruise control systems, including adaptive and intelligent ones. The purpose of the article is the formation of the specified on-board system of a heavy truck, which includes both a set of algorithms and key functions that implement movement in a column, and a list of used categories of sensors. All considered functions are arranged hierarchically at three levels: strategic, tactical and operational. The study collected both theoretical and practical information provided by automakers, revealing the essential content of onboard information systems and cruise control. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that the model of intellectual cruise control has been improved, providing movement of heavy vehicles in a convoy, if there is a driver only in the first car. The proposed model includes the hierarchical architecture of the on-board information management system, key algorithms and sensors for its implementation.

Evaluation of the technical level of the agricultural tractor TK-3-180 when it is included in the robotic complex

Is given. It is shown that «Agropilot» precision agriculture system ensures driving accuracy no worse than ± 0,05 m, the «Edelweiss» modular unified technical vision system allows to control an autonomous platform. The automated control system for shifting gears and ranges can operate in one of three modes: full automatic, semi-automatic and manual. The upper-level onboard information and control system provides automatic control of the machine-tractor unit in unmanned mode throughout the shift work. The influence of the technical level of the tractor on its performance, working speed and shift factor is considered. As a result of studies of the influence of the technical level of the tractor elements on the shift performance, it has been revealed that the design of the tractor can give an increase in productivity to 37,2 %.