Omsk Region Research Articles

Investigation of Antibiotic Resistance of E. coli Associated with Farm Animal Feces with Participation of Citizen Scientists

This paper presents the findings of a large-scale study on antibiotic resistance in bacteria found in farm animal feces across Russia. The study included 6578 samples of farm animal manure from 13 regions in Russia, with the help of citizen scientists. Molecular and microbiological methods were used to analyze 1111 samples of E. coli. The microbiological analysis focused on culturing the microorganisms present in the fecal samples on selective media for E. coli and evaluating the sensitivity of the bacteria to different antibiotics, including ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, cefotaxime, and ciprofloxacin. The molecular analysis involved isolating the genomic DNA of the bacteria and conducting PCR assays to detect the vanA, vanB, and mcr-1 antibiotic resistance genes. The results demonstrated significant differences in antibiotic sensitivity of the samples that are morphologically identical to E. coli from different regions. For example, 98.0% and 82.5% of E. coli and other fecal bacterial isolates from the Omsk and Vologda regions lacked antibiotic resistance genes, while 97.7% of samples from the Voronezh region possessed three resistance genes simultaneously. The phenotypic antibiotic sensitivity test also revealed regional differences. For instance, 98.1% of fecal bacterial samples from cattle in the Udmurt Republic were sensitive to all five antibiotics tested, whereas 92.8% of samples from the Voronezh region showed resistance to all five antibiotics. The high level of antibiotic resistance observed may be attributed to their use in farming practices. The distinctive feature of our research is that comprehensive geographical coverage was achieved by using a citizen science platform. Citizen scientists, specifically students from colleges and universities, were responsible for the collection and initial analysis of samples. The project attracted 3096 student participants, enabling the collection and analysis of a significant number of samples from various locations in Russia.

The study of newly-qualified teachers’ psychological well-being and personal reflection

Introduction. The article examines the peculiarities of psychological well-being and satisfaction with the profession of novice teachers in connection with personal reflection. The purpose of the study is to reveal the specifics of psychological well-being and personal reflection of teachers at the initial stage of professional development. Materials and Methods. The study follows a systematic approach and the concept of psychological well-being (K Riff). In order to achieve the purpose of the research, the authors used theoretical (analysis, comparison, generalization, systematization) and empirical (tests) methods, as well as methods of statistical information processing. To collect relevant data, the methods were presented by means of a Google form via an online resource. The research sample consisted of 162 newly-qualified teachers from Omsk and the Omsk region whose work experience ranged between 6 months and 5 years. Results. The authors of the article obtained the following results: - analyzed and summarized Russian and international research investigations on issues of psychological well-being, the level of development of reflection and novice teachers satisfaction with their profession; - the empirical results of the study are presented, which reflect the priority indicators of psychological well-being, the level and types of personal reflection, the level of satisfaction with the professional development of newly-qualified teachers; the specifics of psychological well-being and personal reflection of teachers are revealed, the types of teachers at the initial stage of professional development are described. Conclusions. The specifics of psychological well-being and personal reflection of novice teachers are determined by difficulties in managing the environment, building interaction with colleagues and self-acceptance, readiness for personal growth and autonomy, and there is also insufficient development of reflection skills, in particular, reflection on communication and real activity, which affects satisfaction with professional activities. The types of novice teachers have been identified depending on the specifics of psychological well-being, the level of development and type of personal reflection, and satisfaction with profession.

Determination of geochemical stability of swamp ecosystems of the taiga zone of Western Siberia to anthropogenic impact

Relevance. The need for scientifically based regulation of impacts on wetland ecosystems taking into account their specificity and geochemical stability. Aim. To determine the geochemical stability of wetlands in the taiga zone of Western Siberia to pollutants for two typical cases associated with: 1) operation of sludge pits; 2) discharge of domestic and industrial wastewater. Methods. Mathematical modeling, statistical methods. Results and conclusions. The authors have carried out the analysis of the results of studies of the chemical composition of wetland waters and extracts from peat and mineral soils of wetlands in the taiga zone of Western Siberia (mainly in the Tomsk region, as well as in the adjacent territories of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, Novosibirsk and Omsk regions). They obtained the estimates of the average values of geochemical indicators of wetland waters and peat by the depth of the peat deposit in peat bogs with varying degrees of anthropogenic impact. The paper introduces the method for assessing the anthropogenic impact of wastewater discharge and geomigration on swamps in areas where oil and gas facilities are located (permissible concentrations in wastewater entering swamp ecosystems), taking into account the «geochemical background» and sorption capacity of peat. In particular, the authors substantiated and tested the method for assessing the values of permissible concentrations, which should be considered as a «relatively safe» level of impact on swamp ecosystems, at which secondary pollution of swamp waters is not expected. It is shown that anthropogenic changes are mainly limited vertically by the upper layer of the peat deposit up to 1–2 m, and horizontally (within the active horizon of the peat deposit) – by areas up to 100–200 m.

Taxon Boundaries Unifying Homogeneous Territories by Geocomplex Features in Climatic Zonation

Road-building climatic zonation developed in the 1950s for the territory of the former Soviet Union, does not take into account natural climatic conditions of many regions occupying a significant area of Russia, which limits periods between the highway repair. The development of new territories, for example, the vast Arctic zone, requires a methodological approach from various organizations to the areas by the geographical complex, within which the same type of road structures will be characterized by the same strength and stability. To date, there is no unified, standardized methodology of road-building climatic zonation, providing the required level of reliability of structural and technological solutions at design and construction stages of roads.Purpose: To summarize the results of long-term studies carried out by the authors on the territory of 14 administrative formations of the West Siberian region.Research findings: Schematic is proposed for taxonomic division of territories based on the elements of the geographical complex of administrative entities of the Russian Federation. Differences between the calculated values of clay soil properties given in normative documents and experimental data, are shown on the example of the territory of the Omsk region.

Risk groups of HIV infection among the population of the Omsk region

The peculiarities of the course of the epidemic process of HIV infection, including the formation of certain risk groups by gender, age and social status, are relevant, as they allow the development of specific preventive measures. The aim is to identify risk groups for HIV infection among the population of the Omsk region in 1996–2023. Data from the main statistical reporting forms, the Federal Register of Persons Infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus, and the results of epidemiological investigations were used for the analysis. The analysis made it possible to establish the main trends in the development of the epidemic process of HIV infection in the Omsk region. The general trend of decreasing morbidity has been revealed, which coincides with that in the Russian Federation, primarily due to the large volume of preventive measures carried out. Changes in the characteristics of the risk groups of infection have been established — the contingents of injecting drug users and men who have sex with men, prevailing at an early stage of the epidemic, have been replaced by persons who became sexually infected from individuals of the opposite sex. At the same time, the proportion of infected women approached that of men. This entailed the risk of perinatal transmission of HIV infection. The introduction of mandatory screening for HIV infection markers in pregnant women and the implementation of antiretroviral prophylaxis has reduced the number of cases of perinatal infection of newborns to a minimum. An increase in the share of the rural population in the total structure of newly diagnosed people with HIV infection may indicate both lower awareness of this problem and shortcomings in the provision of medical care, its lower accessibility compared to the urban population. The prevalence in the structure of HIV-infected people who are not engaged in work indicates that the most socially unprotected contingents are involved in the epidemic process, as a rule, they are not ready to take care of their own health and the health of others, often leading an antisocial lifestyle. Thus, HIV infection in the Omsk region remains one of the priority epidemiological problems requiring the formation of an integrated approach to its solution. The conducted research made it possible to identify the main risk groups for HIV infection, in relation to which targeted preventive strategies should be applied.

Features of hear microelement composition in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Objective: Assessment of the characteristics of the microelement composition of the hair of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) to develop recommendations for diet correction. Material and methods. The study involved children with T1 DM (n=28) and practically healthy children from the comparison group (n=56) aged 3-5 years living in the Omsk region. The elemental composition of hair was analyzed by atomic emission and mass spectrometry with inductively coupled argon plasma. The research materials were subjected to statistical processing using nonpara-metric criteria. Results. The elemental profile of hair of children with T1 DM has been determined. Significant differences were found in the amounts of microelements in hair: lower values of beryllium (p=0.0001), chromium (p=0.003), lithium (p=0.005), vanadium (p=0.005), selenium (p=0.043), and large amounts of cuprum (p=0.025), phosphorus (p=0.001) in the hair of children with diabetes in comparison with the group of practically healthy ones. In the group of children with T1DM, there was a smaller proportion of people with insufficient magnesium (p=0.003), phosphorus (p=0.001), and cuprum (p=0.001). The severity of mineral metabolism disorders (MMD) was less in the group of children with T1DM: 53.6% of children were classified as having no MMD or having minor MMD. Conclusions. The elemental composition of the hair of children with T1DM was characterized by higher amounts of phosphorus and cuprum, lower content of chromium, selenium, beryllium, lithium and vanadium. The proportion of children with insufficient supply of magnesium, phosphorus, cuprum was higher in the comparison group. The degree of MMD in the group of children with T1 DM was generally less.

Hygienic characteristics of changes in the nutritional status of adult population in the Omsk region during the implementation of Demography national project

Aim. To evaluate changes in nutritional status parameters among the adult population of the Omsk region during.Materials and Methods. The comparison of nutritional status parameters was conducted as a part of an experimental epidemiological study using a "before-after" design. The intervention consisted of activities carried out in the region from 2019 to 2023 under the federal project "Strengthening Public Health." In 2018, a representative sample (n = 241) was formed, stratified by age, gender, and residential area; in 2023, a similar sample (n = 506) was used. Nutritional status was assessed using somatometric, clinical, and laboratory methods.Results. We have documented a significant reduction in the prevalence of severe obesity (grades II-III, from 7.1 ± 1.1% to 2.4 ± 0.9%), and a trend towards a decrease in prevalence of underweight (from 5.4 ± 1.4% to 3.0 ± 0.8%; p = 0.078). In 2023, the proportion of individuals with overweight was 36.0 ± 2.1%, and 16.4 ± 2.4% of the adult population suffered from obesity. The prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies decreased significantly (p < 0.001). In 2023, deficiencies in vitamin D (61.8 ± 1.7%), folates (50.0 ± 3.2%), vitamins B1 (26.6 ± 2.8%), B6 (36.7 ± 3.1%), and E (28.5 ± 2.9%), magnesium (32.0 ± 2.0%), zinc (27.2 ± 2.8%), copper (36.0 ± 3.1%), iron (25.0 ± 1.7%), and selenium (31.2 ± 3.9%) were the most common. Compared to 2018, the prevalence of deficiencies in vitamins D, E, B1, B6, and folates significantly decreased (p < 0.05), while the provision of essential elements remained unchanged.Conclusion. The prevalence of various nutritional disorders among the adult population of the Omsk region reduced, as the implementation of the federal project «Strengthening Public Health» under the national project "Demography" improved the provision of vitamins.

Factors of winter moisture movement in arable soils of the Ishim steppe

Based on the materials of long-term field observations in the southern regions of the Omsk region, the influence of the main factors on the winter movement of moisture in arable soils of the Ishim steppe was traced. The penetration depth of 0 °С determines the lower boundary and vertical thickness of the moisture freezing layer. The distance between its lower edge and the penetration depth of 0 °С is 20–40 cm. The penetration depth of 0 °С is predetermined by the air temperature and the thickness of the snow cover and reaches 170–240 cm. The forms of moisture dominant in the soil are associated with the granulometric composition. Film moisture prevails in the heavy loamy, highly silty soil-ground strata of the Ishim steppe. The content of capillary-backed and free gravitational water does not exceed 6% of the soil volume at full moisture capacity, which determines the small volume of moisture freezing (up to 50 mm). Thermogradient migration of moisture is determined by field methods in highly moistened soil-ground strata. High humidity of the soils and rocks of the Ishim steppe is associated with their granulometric composition and the close occurrence of groundwater. If in the second ten days of October groundwater is recorded at a depth of less than 3 m, the layer of moisture freezing at the end of March is noted in the depth range between 40–80 and 160–200 cm, the volume of cryogenic accumulation is 30–50 mm, including in the upper meter layer – 10–25 mm. If groundwater is detected at a depth of more than 3 m in the autumn, the freezing layer is fixed at 80 to 160–200 cm, the moisture gain in it is 15–30 mm, in the 0–100 cm layer the moisture content does not change. The role of cryogenic accumulation in replenishing the post-vegetation moisture deficit in the root layer of spring grains is modest. This process is significant for the formation of conditions for anaerobiosis and the development of modern hydromorphism in the lower soil horizons and in the subsoil strata.

МОНИТОРИНГ ПОТОКОВ ДИОКСИДА УГЛЕРОДА НА РАЗНОВОЗРАСТНЫХ ЗАЛЕЖАХ В РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ПРИРОДНО-КЛИМАТИЧЕСКИХ ЗОНАХ ЮГА ЗАПАДНОЙ СИБИРИ

The paper reflects the spatial and temporal variability of CO2 fluxes on fallow lands. The aim was to determine the soil CO2 emissions from fallow lands of different ages, taking into account the natural and climatic zones of the south of Western Siberia. The research was carried out in three natural and climatic zones of the Omsk region: steppe, forest-steppe, subtaiga; in each zone, three sites with different age fallow lands were identified: 5-10, 10-20 and older than 20 years. The soil CO2 emission was measured using exposure chambers with determination on a gas chromatograph. When comparing the intensity of CO2 emissions from fallow lands, depending on the natural and climatic zone, it can be noted that in the warm season the maximum level was in the subtaiga zone (on average for May-September 54.1 g of CO2 ∙ m-2 ∙ day-1), followed by the magnitude of flows in the forest-steppe zone (29.4), the minimum It was observed in the steppe zone (25.0). At the same time, the maximum value of the flows was observed in the subtaiga zone in July, in the forest–steppe and steppe zone in June. Younger deposits are characterized by a large amount of soil carbon dioxide emissions compared with older ones: in the subtaiga zone, the average seasonal emission of deposits 5-10 years old is 1.30 times higher than deposits older than 20 years, in the forest–steppe zone, respectively, 1.51, steppe – 1.63 times. The daily dynamics of soil CO2 fluxes has an increased level in the morning and afternoon hours, decreased in the evening and night hours, regardless of the zone.

Morbidity of the Omsk region population with mental disorders and behavioral disorders related to the use of psychoactive substances for 2017–2023.

Morbidity of the Omsk region population with mental disorders and behavioral disorders related to the use of psychoactive substances for 2017–2023.

Carcinogenic risk to the health of the population of a large industrial city as a result of multi-environmental and multi-route exposure to chemicals

Introduction. Despite the relatively low average annual mortality rate, the increased incidence of cancer in the population of the Omsk region, together with indicators of the quality of oncological care, indicate a tense epidemiological situation. The purpose of the study is to determine priority environments and routes of exposure to chemicals in the formation of long-term carcinogenic risks in the city of Omsk. Materials and methods. There were used results of environmental and social-hygienic monitoring of habitat objects for the period 2017–2022. To assess the cumulative carcinogenic risk, atmospheric air, drinking tap water, open water, soil, food products, and 3 routes of exposure were taken into account: inhalation, oral and cutaneous. The assessment of carcinogenic risks was carried out in accordance with Guideline R 2.1.10.3968–23, taking into account the severity coefficient of malignant neoplasms. Results. The carcinogenic risk to the health of the population of the city of Omsk as a result of multi–environmenal and multi-route exposure to chemicals was assessed as alarming (high in an the engraved script). The structure of contributions to the cumulative carcinogenic risk: drinking water – 63.3%, atmospheric air – 33.1%, food products – 3.3 %, other environments less than 0.5%. The main route of entry of chemical carcinogens is inhalation (77.4%). Alarming carcinogenic risks were formed through the inhalation route of chloroform from drinking water; chromium VI, formaldehyde, benzene, and soot from atmospheric air. Among the target organs of malignant neoplasms, the greatest risk was in the gastrointestinal tract, which was assessed as alarming. Limitations. Not all habitat objects were analyzed, which may reduce the objectivity of the conclusions. Conclusion. An assessment of the long-term cumulative carcinogenic risk made it possible to prioritize the list of chemical pollutants, environmental objects, and routes of exposure to carcinogens. For more accurate planning of sanitary and hygienic measures to reduce public health risks, improve comprehensive monitoring of pollutants in all environments, taking into account all routes of entry into the human body, it is advisable to analyze the total risks for multi-environmental and multi-route exposure with an analysis of the contribution of chemicals, media, routes to their formation.

Teamwork Training: Practicing Skills of Primary Resuscitation and Stabilization of a Newborn in the Delivery Room

The quality and safety of medical care in modern medicine are determined by the level of formation of team competence of clinical specialists. The article describes 8 years of experience in the formation of good practice and interaction of an educational institution for advanced training of medical workers with city medical institutions of the obstetric profile and obstetric departments that are part of the FAP and the Central District Hospital of the Omsk Region using the example of simulation trainings of team interaction in primary resuscitation of a newborn in the delivery room.

Influence of Bacterial Fertilizers on the Structure of the Rhizospheric Fungal Community of Cereals South of Western Siberia

The general lack of knowledge on the conditions of Western Siberia (Omsk region) and the taxonomic diversity of zonal soils determines the relevance of these studies. The research was carried out in order to study the effect of complex biologics on the taxonomic diversity of the fungal component of the microbiome of the rhizosphere of cereals and the phytosanitary condition of crops in the southern forest-steppe (meadow-chernozem soil) and subtaiga (gray forest soil) zones of the Omsk Irtysh region (Western Siberia). This work was carried out in 2022–2023, using laboratory studies in combination with field experiments and metagenomic and statistical analyses. The objects of research were varieties of cereals and grain forage crops of Omsk selection: soil microorganisms. The scheme of the experiment involved the study of the following options: varieties of cereals (factor A): spring soft wheat—Omsk 42, Omsk 44, Tarskaya 12; durum wheat—Omsk coral; barley—Omsk 101; oats—Siberian hercules; bacterial preparation for seed inoculation (factor B) without the drug—Mizorin and Flavobacterin. The sampling of the plant rhizosphere for metagenomic analysis was carried out during the earing phase (July). For the first time, the taxonomic composition of the fungal community was determined based on the analysis of amplicon libraries of fragments of ribosomal operons of ITS2 fungi during colonization of crop roots by nitrogen-fixing bacteria in various soil and climatic zones of the Omsk region. The fungal component of the microbiome was analyzed in two zones of the Omsk region (southern forest-steppe and subtaiga). The five dominant phyla of soil fungi were located in the following decreasing series: Ascomycota (about 70%) > Mortierellomycota (about 7%) > Basidiomycota (about 5%) > Mucoromycota (3%) > Chytridiomycota (1%). The five main genera of fungi inhabiting the rhizosphere of cereals are located in a decreasing row: Giberella (6.9%) > Mortierella (6.6%) > Chaetomium (4.8%) > Cladosporium (3.8%) > Rhizopus (3.3%). The predominantly positive effect of biologics of associative nitrogen fixation on the fungal community of the soil (rhizosphere) of experimental sites located in different soil and climatic zones has been established. During seed bacterization, the growth of saprotrophic fungal genera was noted in relation to the control variants Pseudogymnoascus, Chloridium, Clonostachys, Trihoderma, etc., and the fungicidal properties of bacterial strains introduced into the soil were actively manifested relative to phytopathogenic fungi of the genera Alternaria, Blumeria, Fusarium, etc. According to the results of determining the number of infectious structures of Rhizoctonia solani, it was found that the population of the soil with viable cells of this pathogen was 1–3 pcs/g (below the threshold of harmfulness, PV 20 pcs/g of soil), which indicates a favorable phytosanitary situation with respect to the pathogen. The fungicidal effect of the applied bacterial fertilizers on Rhizoctonia solani could not be detected. The number of Bipolaris sorokiniana varied depending on the drug used. In the conditions of the southern forest-steppe zone of the Omsk region (meadow-chernozem soil), the greatest fungicidal effect was noted in Flavobacterin application variants on wheat of the Omsk 42 variety, durum wheat of the Omsk coral variety, and barley; the decrease in conidia relative to the control was 73, 35, and 29%, respectively. In the subtaiga zone of the Omsk Irtysh region (gray forest soil), as in the southern forest-steppe zone, pre-sowing bacterization of seeds with Flavobacterin led to a decrease in Bipolaris sorokiniana in the rhizosphere of wheat of the Omsk 42 variety by 18%, and oats by 27%, to control. The use of the drug Mizorin in some variants of the experiment led to an insignificant decrease in the harmful fungus or had no effect at all.

Regional peculiarities of training teachers for education systems of multicultural regions: Substantiation of the forecasting model

Introduction. The authors investigate the problem of how initial teacher education is developing in the context of dynamic ethnocultural processes. The purpose of this study is to identify regional peculiarities of preparing prospective teachers for working in education systems of multicultural regions in order to substantiate a forecasting model of the framework program. Materials and Methods. The research is based on the ideas of system-based and integration-based approaches. The authors use the following methods: content analysis, method of precedents and modeling. Results. The authors presented the following results: studies conducted by Russian and international researchers on the problems of preparing teachers to work in education systems of multicultural regions are reviewed; regional specifics of educational systems of multicultural regions (Voronezh, Samara and Omsk regions) are revealed and the best regional practices of training teachers to solve professional tasks in the conditions of dynamic ethnocultural processes are described; the forecasting model of the framework program for teacher training in the education system of multicultural regions is presented. Conclusions. The study concludes about the forecasting model of the framework program for training teachers who would be able to solve professional tasks in the education system of regions with dynamic ethnocultural processes.

Adaptive breeding of soft spring wheat for the conditions of Western Siberia and the Omsk region

The article provides the results of testing 13 soft spring wheat variety samples of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Omsk ASC" in the competitive variety testing nursery in 2020–2022. According to the ripeness groups, characteristics is given according to phenotypic traits, resistance to leaf diseases and grain quality. Variety samples have been identified based on yield, stability factor (S.F.) and yield range (d), with weaker variability (CV), which exceed standards and are characterized by the highest level of realization of productivity potential. In medium-ripeness group the following variety samples have been selected: Lutescens 83/14-3, Lutescens 205/12-5, in mid-late maturity group – Lutescens 15/16-17, which ensure the formation of a consistently high grain yield, grain quality, and resistance to fungal pathogens, regardless of the environmental conditions. The parameters of ecological plasticity of variety samples according to grain yield were determined and the most adaptive ones in this set were identified – Lutescens 83/14-3 (bi =1.16, Sd2 = 0.02) and Lutescens 205/12-5 (bi = 1.09, Sd2 = 0.03). The obtained research results made it possible to transfer the cultivars ‘Omskaya krepost` 2’ (Lutescens 205/12-5) and ‘Omskaya krepost` 5’ (Lutescens 83/14-3) to the state variety testing. Using the PCR method, a genetic profile of the transferred cultivars was obtained using certain DNA markers.

Drug Resistance of Different Mycobacterium tuberculosis Genotypes in the Omsk Oblast, Russia

A total of 397 Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from newly diagnosed patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in the Omsk region in 2019‒2020 were genotyped. The prevalence of strains of the Beijing genotype (70.8%) was established, in particular of two clusters of the modern sublineage — Central Asian/Russian (46.1%) and B0/W148 (19.1%). Strains of the ancient sublineage of the Beijing genotype were represented by clusters 1071-32 and 14717-15, totaling 4.8%. Compared with other genotypes, B0/W148 cluster and the ancient Beijing sublineage were associated with multidrug resistance (MDR): 93.4% and 94.7%, respectively (P 0.0001). Among representatives of other genetic families (LAM, Ural, T, Haarlem), drug-sensitive strains predominated (75.0%). The circulation of MDR Beijing strains requires molecular epidemiological surveillance in view of their possible wider spread.

Response of oilseed flax to different level of mineral nutrition in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia

The article presents the results of studying the influence of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on the water regime of meadow-chernozem soil, yield and oil content of flax seeds in 2022–2023. on a stationary experiment at the field forage production laboratory of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Omsk ASC” in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of the Omsk region. The objects of observation are oilseed flax of the Northern variety and meado-chernozem soil. The scheme of the experiment included the following options: factor A — medium soil availability of mobile phosphorus (50-100 mg/kg according to F.V. Chirikov, background 0), increased (100–120 mg/kg, background I and 140–150 mg/kg, background II), high (150– 200 mg/kg, background III); factor B — phosphorus fertilizer (P0, P60); factor C — nitrogen fertilizer (N0, N30, N60). In this case, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers were superimposed on backgrounds of varying soil phosphorus supply. Climatic factors (temperature and precipitation) determined the initial reserve of total moisture in the soil when sowing oil flax, which was at the level of 82% of the lowest moisture capacity in a meter layer and did not depend on the background phosphorus supply. Mineral fertilizers increased crop productivity. Its highest yield was observed against the background of an increased supply of soil with mobile phosphorus (1.71 t/ha) with the pre-sowing application of ammonium nitrate and ammophos. The oil content of flax, on the contrary, decreased when using fertilizers. Its highest indicators (39.5%) were observed against background II when using phosphorus fertilizers.

ВЛИЯНИЕ АГРОТЕХНОЛОГИИ ВОЗДЕЛЫВАНИЯ ГОРОХА НА БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ И АГРОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА ЛУГОВО-ЧЕРНОЗЕМНОЙ ПОЧВЫ

The aim of research is to establish patterns of changes in biological and agrochemical parameters of meadow-chernozem soil with long-term use of resource-saving treatments and chemicalization means in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia. Stationary studies were conducted in the forest-steppe of the Omsk Region in a grain-fallow crop rotation (fallow – wheat – peas – wheat – barley) under a pea crop at the Omsk Agricultural Research Center. The parameters of changes in the number of individual physiological groups of microorganisms and indicators of biological activity of meadow-chernozem soil under peas were established using agricultural technologies with different levels of intensification, including the minimum-zero tillage system in crop rotation. It was determined that when using complex chemicalization agents in combination with No-till technology of soil cultivation, the activity of bacteria capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen increased by 34 %, saprotrophic and amylolytic microorga¬nisms – by 13 and 17 % in relation to the control, respectively. The activity of the oxidation-reduction enzyme catalase when using intensification agents, regardless of the technology of pea cultivation, decreased to 28 % of the control. The use of intensification agents led to an increase in the content of nitrate nitrogen in the soil during the budding period, mobile phosphorus by 4 or more times. When assessing the anthropogenic impact on soil microflora, we used the definition of total biological activity, including all the studied biological tests in relative percentages. According to this indicator, soil cultivation options are arranged in a row in ascending order: combined < moldboard < minimum-zero.

Integration of Universities and Employers – Potential in Building Social Capital

The article analyzes the main directions of integration of universities and employers, considered in the context of formation of social capital of participants of educational relations. The empirical basis of the work was formed by: 1) data on self-evaluation for 2023 of four leading universities of the Omsk region, differing in the structure of educational programs and industry focus (OmSTU, OmSU, OmGUPS, SibADI); 2) the results of questionnaire survey of the main participants of the educational process: students and employers of these universities; 3) data from the survey of university youth within the framework of the Federal project “Runway 2023” (2,139 students of these universities). The novelty of the study lies in the substantiation of the practices of integration of universities and employers that have developed in the educational environment as ways of reproducing social capital for the key participants of educational relations. These practices contribute to the establishment of trust between the participants of educational relations; form communications that become resources for obtaining benefits for the parties involved in cooperation; help students to master the corporate norms and rules of employers; reduce the level of transaction costs in employment, etc. It has been established that the main forms of integration of universities and their partners are realized mainly to achieve a high level of postgraduate employment of graduates, which in practice are associated with the reproduction of social capital of both open and closed type. Based on the analyzed sources, the following hypotheses were confirmed: firstly, representatives of employers who have experience of cooperation with universities are more likely to prefer to use and develop such formats of integration with educational organizations that are focused on solving the problems of youth employment, i.e. they use the accumulated social capital to build up the human capital of their organizations; secondly, the level of students’ readiness to recommend an educational organization for admission and graduation. The authors show promising directions of research on the subject of the article: 1) the establishment of system-wide and industry barriers that impede the development of bridging social capital for the production of an innovative product; 2) a comprehensive analysis of bridging social capital, which reflects the quality of communication and cooperation in the context of personal responsibility and competencies of officials of both participants in the educational process.

Difficulties in diagnosing rabies using the example of a clinical case in the Omsk region

Rabies is the deadliest zoonotic disease caused by the rabies virus, a member of the genus Lyssavirus. The disease occurs after a bite from a wild or domestic animal. The paper presents a clinical case of rabies with early diagnostic difficulties, particularlyclinical, epidemiological, and laboratory diagnostic features, in a patient suffering from alcoholism. The victim sought medical help 20 days after the dog bite. On day 29, a hydrophobia clinic was observed. The patient exhibited signs of visual and auditory hallucinations, aggressiveness, and disorientation in place and time, which resembled the development of alcoholic psychosis. Saliva samples were collected on day 3 of the disease, and its polymerase chain reaction test was negative for rabies virus. On day 29, the patient died. The diagnosis of rabies was confirmed antemortem and posthumously. The virus was detected in the saliva on day 9 of the disease and posthumously in the cerebral cortex, medulla oblongata, cerebellum, and salivary glands. Histologically, Babesh–Negri bodies were found in the brain tissue. Necessary preventive measures were implemented. The unfavorable outcome in the described case of rabies emphasizes the lack of awareness of the population (especially rural) about the risk of contracting rabies infection through contact with animals and the importance of timely post-exposure prophylaxis. Timely anti-rabies care remains the only effective means of preventing related deaths.