Oliveira Lima Research Articles

Abstract P2-15-08: Aesthetic Incisions and Early Complications for Nipple-sparing Mastectomy followed by Immediate Breast Reconstruction

Abstract Introduction: Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) is a surgical alternative for patients who are not candidates for breast-conserving therapy in early breast cancer or even for women who are candidates for risk-reducing mastectomies, facilitating immediate breast reconstruction. Aesthetic incisions such as through the inframammary fold (IMF) or periareolar (PA) are viable options for radial scars, with better cosmetic results and less visibility. Little is known about early surgical complications between these two techniques. Objectives and methods The aim of this study was to evaluate early complications (NAC necrosis [mild, partial or total], infection, seroma, hematoma, dehiscence and reconstruction failure) in patients undergoing NSM via esthetic incisions (IMF or PA) and immediate breast reconstruction in a unique Brazilian institution. A retrospective analysis was performed at Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (HGF) between 2015 and 2022, including patients with a minimum follow-up of 3 months and complete data in the medical records. The following demographic parameters were evaluated: age, body mass index, co-morbidities, use of direct implant or tissue expander, breast weight and pre-pectoral or submuscular reconstruction. Pearsons chi squared tests and t-test were performed and a p value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 180 NSM through IMF (n=106) or PA (n=74) incisions were included and 43 cases (23.9%) of complications were observed: 27 in the PA group (62.8%) and 16 in the IMF (37.2%), with this difference being significant (p=0.0002). Regarding NAC necrosis, 65.4% were observed in the PA incision (n=17; 22.4%), compared to 34.6% in the IMF (n=9; 8.7%) (p=0.0023). There was no significant difference in relation to other complications (n=7 [IMF] vs n=10 [PA]), just as there was no difference in relation to the demographic parameters evaluated, except for the pre-pectoral and direct-to-implant reconstruction, which were more frequently performed in the IMF group: 19 (18.3%) vs 3 (4%) and 52 (50%) vs 24 (31.6%) cases respectively. Only 2 patients had breast reconstruction failure, both in the PA cohort. Conclusions Both incisions are viable options for accessing the NSM, with an acceptable rate of complications. The PA incision is related to a higher complication rate compared to IMF, based mainly on the NAC necrosis rate. More studies are needed for a better understanding of this scenario. Citation Format: Francisco Pimentel Cavalcante, Guilherme Novita, Ticiane Oliveira Lima, Ryane Alcantara, Amanda Cardoso, Flora Ulisses, Felipe Zerwes, Eduardo Millen. Aesthetic Incisions and Early Complications for Nipple-sparing Mastectomy followed by Immediate Breast Reconstruction [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-15-08.

Joaquim Nabuco e Oliveira Lima em diálogo: separados pelos Estados Unidos

Manoel de Oliveira Lima (1867-1928) y Joaquim Nabuco (1849-1910) tuvieron mucho en común y ocuparon espacios relevantes como diplomáticos y hombres de letras. También tuvieron sus diferencias políticas, sin embargo, supieron superarlas para crear una amistad que parecía solida por dos décadas hasta que sus visiones divergentes sobre los Estados Unidos, su papel en el continente y las relaciones con Brasil los alejaron definitivamente. Su relación no desconocía las polémicas ni las divergencias, pero cuando Nabuco sufrió lo que él consideró un ataque a su legado por parte de Oliveira Lima, fue el fin de la amistad entre dos de los diplomáticos más importantes de su tiempo. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el contexto en que se dio el rompimiento, sus antecedentes y cómo al fin y al cabo un ego herido fue más determinante que una diferencia irreconciliable de ideas el responsable del vínculo. Además, busca poner de relieve cómo el episodio marcó la imagen de Oliveira Lima como una figura difícil, un diplomático rebelde y, por última, como antiamericano.

Dilemas e agruras na passagem à modernidade: rede de sociabilidade, cultura religiosa e política (Barão do Rio Branco, Oliveira Lima e Gilberto Freyre)

The following article considers the dilemmas and hardships experienced by the intellectual field during Brazil’s transition to modernity by analyzing the sociability network between Jose Maria da Silva Paranhos Junior (Baron of Rio Branco, 1845-1912), Manoel de Oliveira Lima (1867-1928), and Gilberto Freyre (1900-1987). We highlight the long-term historical permanence of echoes of the Protestant Reform in the sixteenth century and the Council of Trent (1545-1563), as well as the Catholic Church’s reactions to the Reforms and their historic reworkings at the turn of the twentieth century. We also discuss the political and intellectual activities of the Baron of Rio Branco, Oliveira Lima, and Gilberto Freyre as ramifications of this debate and the field of dispute. Our starting point of interpretation within this perspective is the ambivalence and the contradictions inherent to these historical figures’ thoughts, feelings, and actions, spurring an analysis of the complex nature of the theological, ideological, political, and psychological split provoked by the “schism”. The subject proposed will be handled according to an interdisciplinary interpretation guided by the Social Sciences, particularly Political Sociology, and History in the defining of “subjectified history”. This entails a close consideration of the often-unconscious emotions involved in the social sphere, which may produce traumatic effects and psychological suffering.

La III Conferencia Panamericana en Río de Janeiro (1906) y las relaciones entre Brasil y Estados Unidos

Although the III International Pan-American Conference held in Rio de Janeiro in 1906 represented an important milestone for the relations between Brazil and the United States, it remains greatly understudied. The aim of this paper is to help overcome that. In order to achieve this aim, the text is divided into three parts. Firstly, I present the lead up of the Conference, describing the main results of the previous events and showing how they impacted the agenda making for Rio. Secondly, I briefly describe the atmosphere in Brazil, focusing on the ongoing debate on the relations with the United States and Pan-Americanism. The different perspectives of important men in policy and decision making regarding Foreign Affairs, such as the Baron of Rio Branco, Joaquim Nabuco and Oliveira Lima, are highlighted. Finally, both the symbolic meaning and the practical results of the Conference for inter-American relations in general and Brazil-US relations in particular are analyzed.

Americanos por brasileiros no fim do século XIX

In the end of 1893, Eduardo Prado stirred quite a buzz in the Brazilian intellectual and political scene when he published The American Illusion, which was immediately confiscated by the government of Floriano Peixoto, who wanted to avoid spurring clashes with the American government. In 1899, Oliveira Lima published In the United States, a work which was clearly supportive of America. Between those two works, the young Adolfo Caminha published his In the Country of the Yankees, an account of the trip he took as an ensign on the Almirante Barroso, in an official visit to New Orleans and New York. Those works, along with some chronicles by Olavo Bilac and the criticism by José Veríssimo, tone down the historical Brazilian Francophilia and bring into it an alternative pointing to the English language universe

Itinerários na correspondência entre Oliveira Lima e Fidelino de Figueiredo (1912-1928)

Este artigo pretende analisar a correspondência trocada por M. de Oliveira Lima e Fidelino de Figueiredo, como parte de sociabilidades intelectuais construídas por meio da Sociedade Portuguesa de Estudos Históricos, entre 1912 e 1928. Os conceitos de geração, itinerário e projeto foram aqui utilizados com base nos aportes de P. Bourdieu e J.F.Sirinelli na análise do campo intelectual em que se inseriram esses autores. Trata-se de um sistema regido por relações específicas, com instâncias particulares de seleção e consagração intelectual. Nesse sentido, considera-se que a autonomia do campo intelectual é relativa, por ser afetado não apenas por relações específicas, mas também pelas pressões políticas, econômicas e sociais que interferem no projeto criador, desde sua proposição até as instâncias de consagração de seu autor. O principal projeto historiográfico analisado foi o das obras D. Pedro e D. Miguel e D. Miguel no trono, escritas por M. de Oliveira Lima.

The rare book collection at the Oliveira Lima library. An Overview

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Brazilian Studies Then and Now

In 1912 the Brazilian diplomat and scholar Manuel de Oliveira Lima gave six lectures at Stanford University that encapsulated his views of what we now call Brazilian Studies. This article summarizes Oliveira Lima’s lectures. It then points out three aspects of Oliveira Lima’s worldview that are problematic from the perspective of the twenty-first century: his Eurocentrism; the unproblematic nature of the nation-state in his thinking; and his largely negative view of Brazil’s racial heritage. The third part of the essay analyzes three aspects of Oliveira Lima’s lectures that are still contemporary. These are the need to establish an adequate comparative context for the study of Brazil; the difficulty of justifying an academic discipline that revolves around the study of a single country; and the challenge of uniting disparate and specialized disciplines in order to appreciate Brazil’s complexity and trajectory in the modern world. In the conclusion, some guidelines for maintaining Brazilian Studies as a vibrant field are suggested.

BRAZILIAN STUDIES THEN AND NOW

In 1912 the Brazilian diplomat and scholar Manuel de Oliveira Lima gave six lectures at Stanford University that encapsulated his views of what we now call Brazilian Studies. This article summarizes Oliveira Lima’s lectures. It then points out three aspects of Oliveira Lima’s worldview that are problematic from the perspective of the twenty-first century: his Eurocentrism; the unproblematic nature of the nation-state in his thinking; and his largely negative view of Brazil’s racial heritage. The third part of the essay analyzes three aspects of Oliveira Lima’s lectures that are still contemporary. These are the need to establish an adequate comparative context for the study of Brazil; the difficulty of justifying an academic discipline that revolves around the study of a single country; and the challenge of uniting disparate and specialized disciplines in order to appreciate Brazil’s complexity and trajectory in the modern world. In the conclusion, some guidelines for maintaining Brazilian Studies as a vibrant field are suggested.

White Hegemony in the (Re)Birth of Brazil

Abstract On 7 September 1822, Dom Pedro de Alcantara, Prince Regent and future Emperor of Brazil, uttered the most famous cry in Brazilian history: 'Independence or death!' The symbolic power of the royal cry-known as the Grito de Ipiranga-has served to idealise Brazilian independence: the (re)birth of Brazil. The Grito de Ipiranga has been interpreted as the culmination of a peaceful process of political integration destined to give birth to a single nation-state in Portuguese America. This article examines this idealised and ideological portrait of Brazilian independence. The analysis extends from the first anti-colonial manifestations in the early sixteenth century to the consolidation of national unity in the mid nineteenth century. This wide historical framework enables us to discern the criteria used to select the events and figures that came to be part of the national(ist) discourse of Brazilian independence. The analysis reveals how this portrait of Brazilian independence locks out of the nationalist imaginary all those who did not participate in the formal process of independence, managed by Luso-Brazilians. This narrative of the (re)birth of Brazil turns independence into a symbolic pillar of white hegemony in Brazil. White Hegemony in the (Re)Birth of Brazil On 7 September 1822, Dom Pedro de Alcantara, Prince Regent and future Emperor of Brazil, uttered the most famous cry in Brazilian history: 'Independence or death!' The symbolic power of the royal cry ? known as the Grito de Ipiranga ? has served to idealise Brazilian independence: the (re)birth of Brazil. The Grito de Ipiranga has been interpreted as the culmination of a peaceful process of political integration destined to give birth to a single nation-state in Portuguese America ? an interpretation common to both conservative and progressive canonical historians, such as Francisco Varnhagen, Jo?o Capistrano de Abreu, Manuel de Oliveira Lima and Manoel Bomfim. The peaceful character of that process is attributed to the political wisdom of the (white and male) elite of colonial Brazil and their ability to minimise internal conflicts and avoid a direct confrontation with Portugal. This, the argument goes, enabled a smooth transition from colony to nation, without the bloodbath and fragmentation that characterised the process of independence in Spanish America. The result is a historiography that privileges the trope of cordiality and the historical agency of Luso-Brazilians, turning independence into a symbolic pillar of white (and male) hegemony in Brazil. The narratives and the studies of Brazilian independence tend to focus on the period 1808?22, with the turning point being the transfer of the seat of the Portuguese Crown to Rio de Janeiro in 1808, following the invasion of Portugal by Napoleonic troops. The transfer posed a crucial challenge to the colonial relations between Brazil and Portugal. Yet its impact on the process of independence had less to do with the separation from Portugal than with the impulse to the political and symbolic unity of Brazil. The 13-year residency of the Portuguese Crown in Rio de Janeiro brought a series of reforms that promoted the unification of the colony: improvements of transport and communication between population centres, reforms in taxation and the administration of justice, the creation of naval and military academies as well as of schools of medicine and surgery, the expansion of coffee production under royal protection, the building of textile factories, the beginning of the iron and steel industries, the establishment of the Bank of Brazil, the creation of the National Library, and the establishment of the Royal Printing Office. The separation from Portugal did not alter the Eurocentrism that was at the heart of the formation and formulation of Brazil(ianness). Independence signalled 'the climax of three centuries of changing attitudes toward Portugal ? from inferiority, to equality, to superiority',2 but the Brazilian Empire that came about was to be built upon Eurocentric cultural foundations, imitating the nations of the North Atlantic, in particular France ? …

Do império das “revoluções” ao império da escravidão: temas, argumentos e interpretações da história do Império (1822-1950)

O artigo historia os significados atribuídos ao período imperial nosséculos XIX e XX, destacando o percurso das motivações, argumentose temas (a Revolução Liberal e a escravidão) que inspiraram seusprincipais intérpretes: Joaquim Nabuco, Oliveira Lima, GilbertoFreyre, Sérgio Buarque de Holanda, Caio Prado Jr. e Nelson WerneckSodré. Dessa forma, acompanha leituras da época da monarquia queexpressam diversos posicionamentos sobre o regime, as revoluções eas singularidades da nação brasileira. Na sequência, sinaliza análisesconstruídas no período da república liberal (1889-1930) – de OliveiraLima, Oliveira Vianna e Vicente Licínio Cardoso –, quando aconteceuum “debate convergente” que associou teses díspares da experiênciamonárquica. Por fim, aborda os “intérpretes modernos” do Brasil– Freyre, Holanda, Prado Jr e Sodré –, autores que (re)conceituaram,a partir de diferentes concepções sobre a Revolução Brasileira, opatrimônio argumentativo sobre a história do Brasil monárquico legado por seus antecessores.

BRASIL E ESTADOS UNIDOS NAS PERCEPÇÕES DE OLIVEIRA LIMA E SALVADOR DE MENDONÇA

The article deals with the perceptions of Oliveira Lima and Salvador de Mendonca about the insertion of Brazil in America. Lima and Mendonca were diplomats and intellectuals who discussed the ideas resurged in Brazil from the 1870’s decade, which disposed opposition to the practice of the servile work and favorable to the republican objectives. Such ideas were also common to other latin american intellectuals who had as “background” reflections about Monroe’s doctrine

Welty’s Words for the Birds … and for Children and Scholars, Too

Welty’s Words for the Birds … and for Children and Scholars, Too Cindy Sheffield Michaels Eudora Welty had a great sense of humor and a sharp wit. Those who knew her or even met her just once often speak of her ability to entertain with both. Reynolds Price, for example, says, “I could hold you well past dinnertime with recollections of the laughter she generated so effortlessly” (11). Humor and wit seemed to simply emanate from Welty, just as they flow from the characters and situations of her greatest stories. Who could forget Sister’s justifications for taking the sewing-machine motor in “Why I Live at the P. O.” or the “playfulness … a kind of bloody and ruthless comedy” (17) that Ellen Douglas says she found in The Robber Bridegroom? Yet with Welty’s moments of humor and wit there also comes a deep understanding of human nature; as Welty said in an interview with Tereza Marques de Oliveira Lima, “Humor … has to interpret…. I think that humor interprets better than most any other aspect of writing. But it has nothing to do with gags, with jokes, as you know. It is much more profound: the sense of human relationship and human nature” (11). There are many moments of human insight in Welty’s novels and short stories. Laurel McKelva Hand, the protagonist of The Optimist’s Daughter, offers one such realization: “The past is … impervious, and can never be awakened. It is memory that is the somnambulist. It will come back in its wounds from across the world … calling us by our names and demanding its rightful tears” (991–92). Welty’s understanding of human nature is, rightfully, as widely praised as the humor and wit with which she infuses her tales. Although Welty’s humor, wit, and insight into human nature are well known, it is less well known that among her novels and short stories she also penned a children’s book, The Shoe Bird. Perhaps this fact is little known because not quite 7,000 copies were printed and bound when the book was first published (Polk 114) or because the book has been reprinted only once, twenty-nine years after its initial publication in 1964. Or, perhaps it’s because, as Ann Waldron surmises, “the powers that be in the children’s book world found it lacking” (269). It is true that a handful of reviewers and scholars commented negatively on the book. For example, Jeanne B. Hardendorff claims in her review that the “stereotyped characterizations of birds based on their names … and the heavy handed moral spoken by [End Page 159] the Phoenix are poor fare from such a talented writer of adult fiction”; Neil Isaacs claims in his Southern Writers volume that the book is not enjoyable because Welty is “talking down” to the audience (15); and Albert J. Griffith claims that The Shoe Bird is missing “great imaginative inspiration” (87) and that it “lacks the high levels of fantasy, poetry, and humor one might have hoped for in a Welty story written especially for children” (86). Click for larger view View full resolution Cover of The Shoe Bird, 1964 (UP of Mississippi, 1993). Illustration © Beth Krush. There are only a few such reactions to The Shoe Bird, however. In fact, The Shoe Bird has received a fair amount of praise from book reviewers. Nancy D. Hargrove rejects Hardendorff’s reading, stating that Welty’s “remarkably clever characterizations of the various birds ... rely heavily on humor in descriptive details and in dialogue” (77). Helen Bevington’s review reads, “You can tell by the opening words that it’s a delightful book” (50), and Leslie Myers says, “her pen … produced great joy, imagination and comedy in Shoe Bird.” Aside from various reviewers, other artists have praised The Shoe Bird in their own ways: the Jackson Ballet Guild adapted the book for the stage in 1968 (Waldron 269) and composer Samuel Jones transformed it into a musical in 2003.1 Thus, it is unlikely that stereotyped characterizations, heavy-handed morals, talking-down-to, or below-par fantasy, poetry, and humor have caused The Shoe Bird to be excluded from collections of Welty’s works...

Between diplomacy and letters: a sketch of Manuel de Oliveira Lima's search for a Brazilian identity

Manuel de Oliveira Lima as an important diplomat of the First Republic in Brazil reflects on an individual, national, and universal plane the convergence of politics and literature. His writing demonstrates an explicit attempt to construct a national identity that emanates not only between literature and diplomacy, but also between the personal and the historical, as well as, the foreign and the national. This paper analyzes brief examples of his criticism, personal correspondence, and fiction that demonstrate the convergence of these fields.

A querela dos heróis: liderança política e ethos americano em Oliveira Lima e José Enrique Rodó

Este artigo apresenta uma análise comparativa dos primeiros textos de Oliveira Lima e José Enrique Rodó, que discutiam o uso dos EUA como modelo para o estabelecimento de uma ordem civil na América Ibérica. Propomos que ambos tencionavam estabelecer critérios para a seleção de novas elites para combater o poder dos caudilhos, mas suas agudas divergências sobre a fonte de legitimidade dessas elites tornavam opostas as respectivas avaliações da sociedade norte-americana.

A questão negra e a imigração européia nos Estados Unidos como modelos para o branqueamento brasileiro – uma ideologia da americanização em Nabuco e Oliveira Lima

A partir do Advento da República, o Brasil se orienta sua inserção internacional No sentido de um relativo afastamento da obra européia e uma Aproximação dos Estados Unidos. a Constituição de tal relação assimétrica de poder demandava construção simbólica e o sentido que associasse positivamente ao interesse nacional. Joaquim Nabuco e Oliveira Lima, como intelectuais e políticos, analisando as questões Negra e migratórios Estados Unidos contribuem nesta construção.

Bibliography of Oliveira Lima

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Oliveira Lima and the Catholic University of America

The centennial of the birth of Manoel de Oliveira Lima, an event of December 25, 1967, was allowed to pass virtually unnoticed by the Latin Americanists of the United States. Outside of the commemorative exercises on December 13 at The Catholic University of America where Oliveira Lima taught during the quiet last years of his life, and to which he gave his celebrated library, nothing else was done to call attention to the anniversary of Brazil's most famous expatriate, its most effective intellectual ambassador in the United States, and its great historian.

Histoplasmin sensitivity in Brazil.

The high frequency of reactors to the antigen of Histo plasma capsulatum reported in some regions of the United States, occasioned similar researches everywhere in order to determine the distribution of this fungus. The “Instituto Brasileiro para Investigacao da Tuberculose,” trying to find the incidence of reactors to histoplasmin in the state of Bahia, Brazil, accomplished a testing program. The first antigen used was sent from Rio de Janeiro (Oliveira Lima) already diluted 1/100. Later some was obtained from the United States Public Health Service to be diluted 1/500. The final lot came from Rio de Janeiro with the recommendation that it be diluted 1/1000. The comparative results of these tests were presented and discussed in the issue of the “Arquivos do Instituto Brasileiro para Investigacao da Tuberculose,” Vol. IX, fasc. II, by Artur Ventura de Matos. He came to the conclusion that the stronger the concentration, the greater the reaction. He thought that one must consider part of the reactions caused by 1/100 dilution as non-specific.

An Autograph Letter of John Maurice of Nassau, Governor of the Dutch Colony in Brazil (1636–1644)

The Oliveira Lima collection of 40,000 volumes at The Catholic University of America, Washington, D. C, known as the Lima Library and directed by an expert in Brazilian history, Dr. Manoel Cardozo, considers as one of its most cherished treasures an autograph letter written by John Maurice, Count of Nassau, to his panegyrist, Barlaeus. It is written in the Dutch language in what is supposed to be Latin script, but the use of several gothic characters betrays the author’s German origin.