Olive Oil Residue Research Articles

Catalytic pyrolysis of olive oil residue to produce synthesis gas: the effect of bulk and nano metal oxides.

In this study, olive oil residue (OR) biomass was pyrolyzed in the presence of bulk MgO (B-MgO), nano-MgO (N-MgO), bulk ZnO (B-ZnO)), and nano-ZnO (N- ZnO) metal oxides at different temperatures (400, 600, and 800 ºC). Significant results were obtained in terms of synthesis gas formation and CO2 reduction. The efficiency distribution of the products obtained as a result of the metal oxide-based pyrolysis process and the effects of metal oxides were examined in detail. Nanometal oxides were synthesized by the hydrothermal method. Characterization of metal oxides was carried out by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), x-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis and scanning-electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDX) techniques. The metal concentration of OR biomass was detected via the x-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique. Tar product properties were evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analyzes. Analysis results show that pyrolytic tar is very similar to diesel and gasoline as it contains significant concentrations of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons in composition. In addition, the composition of noncondensable gaseous products was determined by micro gas chromatography (micro-GC) analysis.

Intensification of Mass Transfer in the Extraction Process with a Nanofluid Prepared in a Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent

AbstractThe phytotoxic residues after olive oil production and residue leaves after pruning contain valuable bioactive compounds. A natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) and an ethanol‐water mixture were used for polyphenol extraction from olive pomace and leaves. Type of solvent, extraction temperature, and particle size of the leaves were optimized. NADES demonstrated better efficiency in the extraction process than conventional solvents; with higher temperature and smaller fraction of olive leaves, a higher yield of polyphenols was obtained from leaves. Extraction with a nanofluid as solvent was carried out. A stable nanofluid was prepared from NADES by adding Al2O3 nanoparticles. A higher yield was obtained with nanofluid from leaves, while an improvement of polyphenol extraction was achieved after the removal of oil from olive pomace.

Activation energy prediction of biomass wastes based on different neural network topologies

The present paper discusses the thermal data prediction performance of ANN for more than one biomass as well as the reliability of this ANN predicted data in the further steps. Lignocellulosic forest residue (LFR) and olive oil residue (OOR) were selected as biomass feedstocks. The thermal data prediction performance of ANN was performed based on two approaches by developing; i) two individual networks for each feedstock, and ii) one-network for both feedstocks. After fixing the main structure of the networks, optimization studies were carried out to determine the best network configuration. In this way, it was also aimed to discuss the effect of internal ANN parameters to the overall prediction capability for more complex problems. At the final step, the predicted data was applied to calculate the activation energies based on three conventional kinetic models and the results were compared with the ones calculated using experimental thermal data. In the end, it was concluded the experimental thermal data fitted quite well to the ANN predicted data (R2 > 0.99) but more complex network topology was required for combined network due to the complexity of the dataset. Most importantly, it is shown that the predicted data can be applicable for the further steps such as in the calculation of the activation energies using different models.

The co-combustion of hard coal with raw and torrefied biomasses (willow (Salix viminalis), olive oil residue and waste wood from furniture manufacturing)

The co-combustion of raw and torrefied biomasses is recognised as environmental friendly energy conversion. Co-combustion of hard coal with raw biomass has been widely investigated in the literature. In contrast, co-combustion with torrefied biomass has been not particularly investigated. This paper shows the investigations of co-combustion of raw, torrefied biomass and biodegradable waste in bubbling fluidized bed combustor. Two kind of biomass sources (i.e. willow (Salix viminalis), olive oil residue) and waste wood from furniture manufacturing were analysed in terms of fuel feeding rate, CO, SO2 and NOx emission and ash behavior. The part of a raw biomass was torrefied using a rotary kiln reactor. Hence, the combustion performance of raw and torrefied biomass was compared. The impact of torrefaction on the emission of CO, SO2 and NOx depends on biomass type. In the case of willow the decrease of SO2 emission was obtained when the raw biomass was substituted by the torrefied biomass. Additionally, ash fusibility from the raw and torrefied biomass was analysed. It was noticed that co-combustion of torrefied biomass caused increase of ash initial deformation temperature (IDT) comparing to co-combustion with a raw biomass.

Effect of Chitosan–Olive Oil Processing Residues Coatings on Keeping Quality of Cold‐Storage Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa. Var. Festival)

AbstractStrawberry fruits have a very short shelf‐life owing to their high degree of perishability. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of chitosan (CH) incorporated with olive oil residues (OOR) coatings on overall quality of cold‐stored strawberry fruits compared to watery wax incorporated with thiabendazole. Strawberries were sprayed after infected with Rhizopus stolonifer with six different coating formulas and uncoated fruits. Indeed, all freshness and microbiological parameters were significantly increased in uncoated fruits compared to coated fruits. Amazingly, the coated strawberry using CH‐OOR 2% was reduced significantly the gradual decline in their contents of total phenolics, flavonoids and their antioxidants. Likewise, it was the lowest fruits in decayed area, fungal count and malondialdehyde development. Then, fruits were coated with CH‐OOR showed uniform coating distribution, since it was impossible to see any pores. Therefore, coating treatments with CH‐OOR was improved the membrane integrity and increased the keeping quality.Practical ApplicationsEdible coatings could be an effective way for delaying the ripening process and extending the shelf‐life stability of strawberry during postharvest. The effectiveness of chitosan (CH)‐olive oil residue (OOR) as a novel edible coating, in comparison with watery wax‐thiabendazole was approved. The applicability of those films to maintain microbiological and freshness quality in strawberry during postharvest was succeed. Incorporation of OOR into CH increased its antifungal property against R. stolonifer in vivo and in vitro. Coating by CH‐OOR reduced phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidants decomposition in coated fruits compared to uncoated. CH‐OOR was able to slow down the gas exchange by reducing the CO2 of coated strawberry, which reduced their malondialdehyde development. Commercially, CH‐OOR could be explored as a novel and potential natural coating to substitute the synthetic agents in fruit packaging industries. The coating cost could increase the total cost about 6–8% where shelf‐life and keeping quality was improved.

Olive oil residue gasification and syngas integrated clean up system

Gasification is one of the most promising technologies to convert low quality fuels into more valuable ones. The main problem in the use of biomass in gasification processes is the high amount of tar released in the pyrolysis step. It is thus necessary to recover the tar and to transform it in lighter combustible gas species such as CH4, CO and H2 by means of catalytic processes. In this work the gasification of olive husk is performed in order to produce a high quality syngas, composed mainly of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, using an innovative laboratory scale plant composed of a unique reactor divided into three sections. The first section is dedicated to the pyrolysis, the second to the gasification of char produced during pyrolysis and the third to the catalytic reforming of tar. In the reformer two catalysts were tested: a CeO2 promoted bimetallic Ni–Co catalyst and a Ni catalyst, both supported on γ-Al2O3. This plant design allows one to minimize the heat dispersion enhancing the energy efficiency of the unit.

Stepwise Isothermal Fast Pyrolysis (SIFP) of Biomass. Part III. SIFP of Olive Oil Industry Wastes

Pyrolysis of olive oil industry wastes was carried out using stepwise isothermal fast pyrolysis (SIFP). SIFP consists of a succession of isothermal fast pyrolysis reactions in which the solid products obtained from the previous isothermal fast pyrolysis reaction become the substrates for subsequent reactions at higher temperatures. This article reports the results obtained from the SIFP of olive oil residue carried out between the temperatures of 300 and 500 °C using 100 °C intervals under reduced pressure (200 mm Hg). The maximum yield of liquid products occurred at 300 °C and consisted of around 35% bio-oil, which contained mainly phenols, furans, and fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). At 400 and 500 °C, FAME, which is derived from residual olive oil, was the major product.

CO2emissions reduction technologies in IGCC: ELCOGAS's experiences in the field

This paper introduces the main research, development and innovation (R&D&I) activities of ELCOGAS related to CO2 emissions reduction. The largest R&D&I investment in the last decade focused on CO2 capture, with the aim of (i) demonstrating the feasibility of CO2 capture and H2 production in an integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) that uses solid fossil fuels and residues as feedstock and (ii) obtaining representative economic data. Its main milestone was the commissioning in 2010 of a carbon capture pilot plant integrated in Puertollano IGCC power plant which captured 100 t/d of CO2 while producing 2 t/d of high purity H2, using proven and commercial technology. In this paper, technical results obtained, lessons learnt during the project, as well as, economic data using this pilot plant are reported. ELCOGAS is also acquiring relevant knowledge in the field of co-gasification of biomass. The most recent milestone in this subject is the execution in 2012 of real tests at two levels (2 and 4% in weight) and with two different kinds of biomass (olive oil residue and grape seed meal) pointing at assessing the influence of biomass in the IGCC process including CO2 capture within FECUNDUS (RFCR-CT-2010–00009). ELCOGAS S.A. is a Spanish company which operates the Puertollano 335MWISO IGCC demonstration power plant. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Analysis of the potential use of major refuse-derived fuels in Jordan as supplementary fuel

The increasing energy demand in Jordan, compounded with the country's limited natural resources as well as its dependence on importing fuel oil from neighboring countries, makes it indispensible to search for alternative fuels. The objective of this study is to analyze the potential use of refuse-derived fuel (RDF) as a supplementary fuel in Jordan, for this purpose. Nine of the major RDFs generated in Jordan were chosen for this study: wastewater sludge, oil refinery sludge, olive oil husk, olive oil residue, chicken farm waste, sheep farm waste, used cooking oil, used oil, and waste tires. The energy content was measured for each one and the results were verified using five different empirical elemental analyses. Results of measuring and calculating the higher heating value (HHV) of the samples showed that used oil had the highest potential as an alternative fuel at 45.36 MJ/kg and the residual olive waste had the lowest heating content at 5.02 MJ/kg. Results also showed that there was a good agreement between the measured and calculated values. The calculating models showed that there was a positive correlation between the HHV and C% and negative correlation between HHV and ash%. Further research is planned to be conducted into the implementation of the concept of waste to energy in the Jordanian industrial sector. Implications: It has been necessary to measure the higher heating value (HHV) of different types of RDFs in Jordan to estimate their potential use as supplementary fuels. The amounts generated per year in Jordan are a crucial factor to make it feasible to use these. Used oil, used cooking oil, and waste tires could be the most promising supplementary fuels.

Biosensors and Other More Traditional Methods for the Development of Kinetic Models to Describe the Isothermal Rancidification Process in Several Kinds of Olive Oils

The kinetic study of the thermal oxidative rancidification of extra-virgin olive oils at 98 °C carried out according to the A.O.M. (American Oxygen Method - official method) of the A.O.C.S. (American Oil Chemistry Society) was completed. The orders of magnitude for the values of the kinetic rate constant k (10 – 4 min – 1) for this process, the activation energy Ea (38 kJ mol – 1) and the reaction order n (1st order) were definitively established. A best model mechanism for the main processes occurring during oil rancidification was also proposed. The same procedure was successfully extended also to two other olive oil types: olive oil and olive oil residue.

Composition of products obtained via fast pyrolysis of olive-oil residue: Effect of pyrolysis temperature

As an essential thermochemical process, pyrolysis is mainly dependent on temperature. Temperature affects mostly product distribution and composition. In this study, compositional analysis of the products obtained by thermal degradation of biomass at various pyrolysis temperatures (400, 500, 550 and 700 °C) with a constant heating rate (300 °C min −1) was studied. Calorific values of bio-oils were calculated and then compared with raw material. The liquid products obtained at various pyrolysis temperatures were subjected into column chromatography after removal of asphaltenes. Obtained bio-oils were classified as aliphatic, aromatic and polar sub-fractions. Composition of obtained gaseous products as regarding to temperature was determined. Moreover, proximate and ultimate analyses of chars were done. Van Krevelen diagram was demonstrated by plotting H/C and O/C ratios. It was concluded that pyrolysis temperature is effective on composition of products either gas, char or bio-oil.

Thermogravimetric analysis of olive-oil residue in air atmosphere

In olive-oil producing countries, large amounts of waste material are generated as by-product for which there is no ready use and in some cases may have a negative value because of the cost of disposal. Most of these countries depend on fossil fuels for their energy uses, and olive-oil residue can be used to supplement such energy sources using thermochemical conversion processes. However, efficient operation of thermochemical conversion systems requires a thorough understanding of the influence of the composition and thermal properties of these by-products on their behaviour during the conversion process. In this study, the thermal behaviour of two olive-oil residue samples (non-leached and water-leached olive-oil residue) was examined at three heating rates (10, 20, and 50 °C min − 1 ) in air atmosphere using the technique of thermogravimetric analysis. The thermal degradation rate in active and passive zones, the initial degradation temperature, and the residual weight at 700 °C were determined. Increasing the heating rate increased the thermal degradation rate, the residual weight at 700 °C, and the initial degradation temperature. The thermal degradation rate and the initial degradation temperature increase with the cellulosic content of the olive-oil residue. Also, higher ash content in the olive residue resulted in higher residual weight at 700 °C.

04/00955 Agglomeration problems during fluidized bed gasification of olive-oil residue: evaluation of fractionation and leaching as pre-treatments: Arvelakis, S. et al. Fuel, 2003, 82, (10), 1261–1270

04/00955 Agglomeration problems during fluidized bed gasification of olive-oil residue: evaluation of fractionation and leaching as pre-treatments: Arvelakis, S. et al. Fuel, 2003, 82, (10), 1261–1270

Agglomeration problems during fluidized bed gasification of olive-oil residue: evaluation of fractionation and leaching as pre-treatments ☆

The effect of two pre-treatment techniques leaching and fractionation on the agglomeration problems observed during the gasification of the olive-oil residue material in a fluidized bed reactor was studied. The obtained results proved to be very positive in the case of leaching showing a substantial decrease of the agglomeration phenomena in the bed during the gasification tests compared with the results from the tests with the un-treated material. On the other hand, fractionation appeared to increase the ash reactivity leading to a dramatic increase of the agglomeration problems during the gasification process.