Olive Leaves Research Articles

Anti-ulcer properties, cytokines, and apoptosis regulatory effects of Olea europaea leaves from Hail Province, Saudi Arabia

This study investigated the anti-ulcer properties of raw olive leaf powder (OLP) and its immunomodulatory potential through the cytokine network. The efficacy of OLP extract in treating stomach ulcers in rats in ethanol-induced models was examined using a single dosage (100, 200, 400 mg/kg) in groups 4, 5, and 6. The OLP demonstrated substantial anti-ulcer action even at 100 mg/kg. The activity was better at 400 mg/kg and almost equivalent to the conventional omeprazole treatment at 20 mg/kg in group 3. The cytokine network was studied in groups 1, 2, 3, and 6. The cytokine network was efficiently regulated by reducing the production of cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α. The levels of caspase-3 and caspase-9 were also lowered in groups 3 and 4 considerably at p < 0.05. It is interesting to note that the expression of IFN was greater in animals treated with OLP in group 4, as compared to animals treated with omeprazole in group 3, as well as animals from the disease control group 2, when analyzed at a significance level of p < 0.05. The results revealed that OLP has intriguing potential for anti-ulcer action, and possesses immunomodulatory capabilities to control inflammatory cytokines and apoptotic markers.

Olive Leaf Extract Attenuates Chlorpyrifos-Induced Neuro- and Reproductive Toxicity in Male Albino Rats.

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a common organophosphorus insecticide. It is associated with negative consequences such as neurotoxicity and reproductive injury. This study aimed to observe the ability of olive leaf extract to attenuate chlorpyrifos toxicity, which induced neuro- and reproductive toxicity in male albino rats. Olive leaf extract (OLE) exhibits potent antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties. Twenty-two mature male rats were divided into four groups: control (saline), CPF (9 mg/kg), OLE (150 mg/kg), and CPF + OLE. Treatment was administered orally for 80 days. The CPF significantly reduced serum sex hormones, sperm counts and motility, high oxidants (MDA), and depleted antioxidants (GSH, SOD, TAC) in the brain and testes homogenate; additionally, it decreased serum AChE and brain neurotransmitters, increased Bax, decreased Bcl-2, and boosted caspase-3 immune expression in neural and testicular cells. Immunological expression of Ki 67 in the cerebrum, cerebellum, choroid plexus, and hippocampus was reduced, and α-SMA in testicular tissue also decreased. Histopathological findings were consistent with the above impacts. OLE co-administration significantly normalized all these abnormalities. OLE showed significant protection against neural and reproductive damage caused by CPF.

A research paper on the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities of olive tree (Olea europaea L.) leaf

Olive tree (Olea europaea L.) leaf is known to have a number of bioactive properties being antioxidant, antihypertensive, antiatherogenic, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antiviral and antimicrobial. In this study, the immunomodulatory roles of Olive tree (Olea europaea L.) leaf against oxidative damage caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae were investigated. In the study, four groups were formed; namely, (i) Control Group: Yeast only planted group; (ii) CCl4 Group: Group given CCl4 (15 mM); (iii) Olive Tree Leaf Group: The group given olive tree leaf (10%); and (iv) Olive Tree Leaf + CCl4 Group: Olive tree leaf (10%) + CCl4 (15 mM) given group. Cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were grown at 30 °C for 1, 3, 5, and 24 hours. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione levels (GSH), cell growth and catalase (CAT) activity measurements were determined by spectrophotometer. Total protein concentrations were determined by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and the Bradford protein method. According to the results obtained; compared to the CCl4 group, cell growth (1, 3, 5 and 24 hours), total protein synthesis, and GSH and CAT activities (24 hours) increased in olive tree leaf groups, while MDA level (24 hours) decreased. Thanks to its strong bioactive properties, olive tree leaf has been found to increase cell growth and total protein synthesis by decreasing CCl4 induced oxidative stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture. It has been concluded that if the olive tree leaf is used regularly, it will be beneficial in eliminating many health problems.

Identification and complete genome sequencing of a divergent olive virus T isolate and an olive leaf yellowing-associated virus isolate naturally infecting olive trees in Greece

Several new full genome sequences of olive viruses came to light recently via high-throughput sequencing (HTS) analysis. In this study, total RNA HTS analysis of two Greek olive trees revealed the presence of an olive virus T (OlVT) isolate and an olive leaf yellowing-associated virus (OLYaV) isolate. The full viral genome of OlVT isolate (50Ch) is composed of 6862 nucleotides encoding for three proteins (replicase, movement protein, and capsid protein) with typical betaflexiviruses’ genomic features. However, both sequence and phylogenetic data analysis exhibited high levels of variability between 50Ch and the previously characterized OlVT isolates. In addition, the almost full genome of the Greek OLYaV isolate (OL2) was obtained, which is composed of 16,693 nucleotides encoding for 11 open reading frames (ORFs) and shares common genomic features with the recently characterized OLYaV isolates from Spain and Brazil. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis revealed high similarity between these three isolates. Due to problems encountered with the detection of both viruses, new nested RT-PCR assays were developed and applied. In addition, recombination events were observed in OlVT isolates (50Ch GR-168), thus highlighting the potential role of this mechanism in the evolution of the virus. This study is adding further knowledge to the limited information available about these recently characterized olive infecting viral pathogens and highlights their widespread distribution in Greece, one of the most important olive producing countries of the world.

Impact of oleuropein on LCD-based stereolithography-assisted fabrication of 3D printed PEGDMA hydrogels

Nowadays, personalized nutrition/medicine has become one of the hot topics to modify target agent dosage and allow personalized treatment by changing geometries of printed gels. Light-induced 3D printing technologies enable fabrication of solid forms by mixing photocurable monomer with drug/active agents. However, the use of synthetic polymers and toxic photoinitiators (PIs) makes a concern for SLA printing. In this study, it was firstly aimed to use natural PI, riboflavin in precursor resin. Then, poly (ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) based hydrogels embedded with oleuropein (OLE) were printed through UV-induced polymerization at varying shapes (radiator, hexagonal, square, ring, and round). Olive leaf extract including OLE as main antioxidant source is a valuable waste product for sustainability and additive/nutraceutical use in the food and pharmaceutical industry. This work investigated fabricated 3D gels in terms of their printability, physical properties, physicochemical features, and drug-release profiles. More importantly, encapsulated OLE within 3D printed gel was examined to see the effect of light-induced printing on its antioxidant acitivity. 3D OLE added gels showed very high printability ratios which were close to 1 whereas control gel without OLE was not printed successfully. Moreover, the results confirmed the existence of antioxidant activity (up to 87%) of 3D gels even after UV-induced printing. Based on surface area/volume (SA/V) ratio, radiator and square gels gave the highest release as they had high SA/V proportions. Structural changes in the compounds after UV curing process was also confirmed by FT-IR spectrum. The drug release profiles followed the Peppas model having n value in the range of 0.44–0.54, demonstrating that the release was mostly affected by diffusion. This study shows potential contribution to pharmaceutical and food industries in terms of designing personalized OLE dosages using the Stereolithography (SLA) printing with controlled release by manipulating geometry alone.

Electrospun Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-Co-3-Hydroxyvalerate)/Olive Leaf Extract Fiber Mesh as Prospective Bio-Based Scaffold for Wound Healing.

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a family of biopolyesters synthesized by various microorganisms. Due to their biocompatibility and biodegradation, PHAs have been proposed for biomedical applications, including tissue engineering scaffolds. Olive leaf extract (OLE) can be obtained from agri-food biowaste and is a source of polyphenols with remarkable antioxidant properties. This study aimed at incorporating OLE inside poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBHV) fibers via electrospinning to obtain bioactive bio-based blends that are useful in wound healing. PHBHV/OLE electrospun fibers with a size of 1.29 ± 0.34 µm were obtained. Fourier transform infrared chemical analysis showed a uniform surface distribution of hydrophilic -OH groups, confirming the presence of OLE in the electrospun fibers. The main OLE phenols were released from the fibers within 6 days. The biodegradation of the scaffolds in phosphate buffered saline was investigated, demonstrating an adequate stability in the presence of metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), an enzyme produced in chronic wounds. The scaffolds were preliminarily tested in vitro with HFFF2 fibroblasts and HaCaT keratinocytes, suggesting adequate cytocompatibility. PHBHV/OLE fiber meshes hold promising features for wound healing, including the treatment of ulcers, due to the long period of durability in an inflamed tissue environment and adequate cytocompatibility.

Photodegradation of methyl orange under solar irradiation on Fe-doped ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using wild olive leaf extract

Abstract Fe-doped ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) with different Fe contents (0.1–5.0 wt%) were prepared using extract of wild olive leaves growing in Saudi Arabia (region of Abha). The biosynthesized NPs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and photoluminescence (PL). Characterization results showed that undoped ZnO and Fe-doped ZnO powders were crystallized in the wurtzite structure with a small shift for the doped samples. Neither Fe3O4 nor another iron oxide phase was observed in the samples, which proves the incorporation of Fe into the ZnO lattice. Doping has a pronounced effect on the physical and optical properties. Indeed, the size of the crystallites, the energy of the bandgap as well as the intensity of the PL emission decreased with the Fe content. Photocatalytic tests revealed that the doped samples degraded methyl orange (MO) more efficiently than pure ZnO and pure Fe3O4. Moreover, the photocatalytic activity improved with increasing Fe content. The best photocatalyst of the series (Fe–ZnO-5) was found degrading MO by 92.1%, in 90 min in a pseudo-first order reaction.

Analysis of Cytochrome c Expression on Liver Histology of Hepatitis Rats after Administration of Tin and Olive Leaf Ethanol Extract.

&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; Hepatitis is a liver illness caused by a viral infection, autoimmune conditions or the use of certain medicines. In molecular hepatitis treatment, cytochrome c can be used as a potential predictor of the severity of liver impairment. In Asia, particularly in Indonesia, antioxidant-rich plants include &lt;i&gt;Ficus&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;carica&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Olea europaea.&lt;/i&gt; This study aimed to see what impact cytochrome c in hepatitis after these two botanicals were administered. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Rats were grouped as follows: Normal rats with no additions or herbs (G&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;), the physiological solution group (G&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;), the intravenous administration of the quercetin-copper (II) (G&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;), Olive leaf extract or OLE (300 mg kg&lt;sup&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; b.wt.) (G&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;) and Tin leaf extract or TLE (100 mg kg&lt;sup&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; b.wt.) (G&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;). For an animal model of hepatitis, the rats were given thioacetamide 280 mg kg&lt;sup&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; b.wt., 8 days later. The rats were dissected and blood and liver samples were collected for enzyme and immunohistochemistry examination. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and cytochrome c expression levels differed significantly (p<0.05) across treatment groups in rat's models of hepatitis. Hepatocytes first displayed symptoms of lipid degradation, inflammatory and necrosis cells. When administered quercetin and the two herbs, necrosis and inflammatory cells were reduced, demonstrating that OLE and TLE can enhance liver histology and lower cytochrome c expression in a mouse model of hepatitis. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; Administration of Olive leaf extract (OLE) and Tin leaf extract (TLE) can improve liver histology in hepatitis model rats while decreasing cytochrome c expression, which is a mechanism for hepatocyte cell death.

A novel combined analytical UV and MS approach for the quantification of oleuropein metabolites in human biological samples when authentic standards are not available

The beneficial health effects of phytochemicals depend on their bioavailability and the form under which they reach systemic circulation, usually as phase II metabolites. The lack of authentic standards for these metabolites makes their quantification in biological samples challenging. A new analytical approach to get a more accurate quantification of oleuropein metabolites in biological samples after ingestion of olive leaf extract was proposed. This approach was based on the calculation of a response factor in QTOF MS for each metabolite, comparing their quantification in UV and MS using urine samples concentrated in the metabolites of interest. Glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of hydroxytyrosol and homovanillyl alcohol were more accurately quantified in plasma and urine and for the first time, oleuropein aglycone conjugates and their hydroxylated and hydrogenated derivatives were quantified after consumption of olive products. This approach could be extensible to the analysis of other phenolic metabolites when authentic standards are not available, opening a valuable method for bioavailability studies.

Recovery of Bioactive Extracts from Olive Leaves Using Conventional and Microwave-Assisted Extraction with Classical and Deep Eutectic Solvents

The recovery of phenolic compounds from olive leaves (Olea europaea L.) has received special attention due to their significant potential for applications in food, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. In this work, the extraction of the phenolic compounds from olive leaves was examined by means of conventional extraction and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) using nontoxic common solvents such as ethanol and water as well as using promising environmentally friendly, Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) and their mixtures with ethanol or water. The effects of the various parameters that likely govern the extractability of the bioactive compounds of olive leaves (OL), such as the solvent type, temperature, and biomass to solvent mass ratio, were studied and evaluated with regard to the oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol content, antioxidant activity, and total phenolic content of the extracts. The study also explores the effects of the microwave-assisted extraction parameters, namely irradiation power and time, on the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the extracts. The findings of this work suggest that among the solvents studied, the solvent mixture consisting of the DES choline chloride:acetic acid with a molar ratio of 1:2 and ethanol (80:20 w/w) is highly effective in recovering extracts rich in phenolic compounds and with significant antioxidant activity. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the MAE method allows for the recovery of bioactive compounds in a very short processing time.

In-Silico Analysis of Phytocompounds of Olea europaea as Potential Anti-Cancer Agents to Target PKM2 Protein.

Globally, cancer is the second leading cause of mortality and morbidity. The growth and development of cancer are extremely complex. It is caused by a variety of pathways and involves various types of enzymes. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is an isoform of pyruvate kinase, that catalyses the last steps of glycolysis to produce energy. PKM2 is relatively more expressed in tumour cells where it tends to exist in a dimer form. Various medicinal plants are available that contain a variety of micronutrients to combat against different cancers. The phytocompounds of the olive tree (Olea europaea) leaves play an important role in inhibiting the proliferation of several cancers. In this study, the phytocompounds of olive leaf extract (OLE) were studied using various in silico tools, such as pkCSM software to predict ADMET properties and PASS Online software to predict anticancer activity. However, the molecular docking study provided the binding energies and inhibition constant and confirmed the interaction between PKM2 and the ligands. The dynamic behaviour, conformational changes, and stability between PKM2 and the top three hit compounds (Verbascoside (Ver), Rutin (Rut), and Luteolin_7_O_glucoside (Lut)) are studied by MD simulations.

Bone-Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Their Conditioned Media, and Olive Leaf Extract Protect against Cisplatin-Induced Toxicity by Alleviating Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis in Rats.

Background: Hepatic and renal damage is a cisplatin (Cis)-induced deleterious effect that is a major limiting factor in clinical chemotherapy. Objectives: The current study was designed to investigate the influence of pretreatment with olive leaf extract (OLE), bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC), and their conditioned media (CM-MSC) against genotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and immunotoxicity induced by cisplatin in rats. Methods: The rats were randomly divided into six groups (six rats each) as follows: Control; OLE group, treated with OLE; Cis group, treated with a single intraperitoneal dose of Cis (7 mg/kg bw); Cis + OLE group, treated with OLE and cisplatin; Cis + CM-MSC group, treated with BM-MSC conditioned media and Cis; and Cis + MSC group, treated with BM-MSC in addition to Cis. Results: Cis resulted in a significant deterioration in hepatic and renal functions and histological structures. Furthermore, it increased inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and decreased glutathione (GSH) content, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in hepatic and renal tissues. Furthermore, apoptosis was evident in rat tissues. A significant increase in serum 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), nitric oxide (NO) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and a decrease in lysozyme activity were detected in Cis-treated rats. OLE, CM-MSC, and BM-MSC have significantly ameliorated Cis-induced deterioration in hepatic and renal structure and function and improved oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, with preference to BM-MSC. Moreover, apoptosis was significantly inhibited, evident from the decreased expression of Bax and caspase-3 genes and upregulation of Bcl-2 proteins in protective groups as compared to Cis group. Conclusions: These findings indicate that BM-MSC, CM-MSC, and OLE have beneficial effects in ameliorating cisplatin-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and genotoxicity in a rat model.

In search of the “voice of the people”: Mahmoud Darwish’s third-worldist genres

ABSTRACT In the years following the Bandung Conference of 1955, poetry that captured the “voice of the people” became a strategy of the project of Third-Worldism. Mahmoud Darwish (b. 1941, Birwah, d. 2008, Houston) was one of the poet-intellectuals who identified his poetry with this strategy, and with the importance of putting the Palestinian “voice” in conversation with other struggles. Though understood as a national poet of Palestine, reading his 1964 Awrāq al-Zaytūn (Olive Leaves) in the parallel context of Third-Worldism helps to understand the role of poetic genre in this era’s debates about popular language, and sheds light on the transnational commonalities of post-Bandung anticolonial poetry. Analysis focuses on two poetic genres that Darwish adopted in the early 1960s—genres designed to capture this voice of the people. Reading his work in this light gives insight into hitherto unexplored facets of modern Arabic metapoetry, and why the dramatization of speech became the primary mode through which the “voice” of the Palestinian people could be captured.

Physiological and Structural Responses of Olive Leaves Related to Tolerance/Susceptibility to Verticillium dahliae.

Verticillium wilt of olive (VWO), caused by the soil borne fungus Verticillium dahliae, is one of the most relevant diseases affecting this crop worldwide. One of the best VWO management strategies is the use of tolerant cultivars. Scarce information is available about physiological and structural responses in the leaves of olive cultivars displaying different levels of tolerance to VWO. To identify links between this phenotype and variations in functional characteristics of the leaves, this study examined the structural and physiological traits and the correlations among them in different olive varieties. This evaluation was conducted in the presence/absence of V. dahliae. On the one hand, no leaf trait but the area was related to VWO tolerance in the absence of the pathogen. On the other hand, after inoculation, susceptible cultivars showed lower leaf area and higher leaf mass per area and dry matter content. Furthermore, at the physiological level, these plants showed severe symptoms resembling water stress. Analyzing the relationships among physiological and structural traits revealed differences between tolerant and susceptible cultivars both in the absence and in the presence of V. dahliae. These results showed that olive leaves of VWO-tolerant and VWO-susceptible cultivars adopt different strategies to cope with the pathogen.

Evaluation of Olive Leaves and Pomace Extracts in Growing Rabbit Diets on Productive Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Carcass Characteristics, Antioxidant Status and Economic Efficiency

This study aimed to detect how supplementing olive leaves extract (OLE) and olive pomace extract (OPE) to growing rabbit diets has affected productive performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics, antioxidant status, and economic efficiency. At 42 days of age, 75 APRI growing rabbits were separated into five groups, 15 rabbits each. Control (without additives), OLE1 (200ppm of OLE), OLE2 (400ppm of OLE), OPE1 (200ppm of OPE), and OPE2 (400ppm of OPE) were the experimental diets. Throughout the trial, we computed feed consumption and increase in body weight on a weekly basis. Compared to the control group, the body weight, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio of rabbits fed OLE or OPE were significantly (P&lt;0.05). The digestibility coefficient of crude protein-enhanced significantly (P&lt;0.05) in rabbits fed OLE or OPE than in control rabbits. In addition to using OLE or OPE, the percentage of the carcass was improved dramatically (P&lt;0.05). Total antioxidant capacity, Superoxide dismutase, and catalase levels were significantly (P&lt;0.05) raised with OLE or OPE, while malondialdehyde levels were lowered. In conclusion, supplementing rabbit diets with 200 or 400ppm of OLE or OPE enhanced productive performance and antioxidant status without any negative effect on their health.

Investigation of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of olive leaf extract on colon cancer cells and normal cell lines

Colon cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when cells in the mucous layer membrane that surrounds the inner surface of the large intestine sections multiply unevenly. This study aimed to investigate olive leaf extract's cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on HTC-116 colon cancer cell lines and HDF healthy cell lines. In the study, olive leaf extract was prepared in methanol. The passaged HTC-116 and HDF cell lines were then incubated in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM). Olive leaf extract extracted in methanol was applied to these cell lines at 3, 10, 20, 50, and 80 µg/ml and left for incubation for 24 hours. Then, the cytotoxic effect was determined by MTT analysis. The genotoxic effect of olive leaf extracts applied to HTC-116 and HDF cell lines after a 24-hour incubation period was determined by Hoechst stain. DNA damage was visualized with a DAPI filter on a camera-attached trinocular fluorescence microscope 30 minutes after staining with Hoechst. The MTT analysis revealed that the cytotoxic effects of olive leaf extract applied to the HTC-116 cell line were close to each group after the 24-hour incubation period. As a result of the examination of the genotoxic activity with Hoechst DNA staining in colon cancer cells (HCT-116), olive leaf extract at various concentrations treated to the cell line had a minor genotoxic effect at low doses (3, 10, and 20 µg/ml), while at high concentrations (50 and 80 µg). /ml), the genotoxic effects of the applications were determined. In examining the genotoxic impact of Hoechst DNA staining in the HDF cell line, no genotoxic effect was observed at low doses (3, 10, and 20 µg/ml) of olive leaf extract applied to the cell line at various doses. The little genotoxic effects of high doses (50 and 80 µg/ml) were also observed. Olive leaf contains phenolic substances and has antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiatherogenic, anticarcinogenic and antiviral effects.Keywords: In vitro culture, plant regeneration, callus, hormones.

Performance Investigation of Pre-Trained Convolutional Neural Networks in Olive Leaf Disease Classification

Zeytin ülkemizin belirli bölgelerinde yetişen oldukça önemli bir üründür. Gümrük ve Ticaret Bakanlığı’nın verilerine göre 2019 yılında yaklaşık 420 bin ton sofralık zeytin üretimi ile dünyadaki toplam üretimin %14’ten fazlası ülkemizde yapılmıştır. Böylece, zeytin yaprağındaki hastalıkların erken teşhisi ve tedavisi üretim kapasitesinin artmasına yol açabilir. Günümüzde birçok alanda olduğu gibi bitki hastalıklarının teşhisi için derin öğrenme algoritmaları yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, AlexNet, SqueezeNet, ShuffleNet ve GoogleNet gibi sıklıkla tercih edilen ön eğitimli derin öğrenme ağları ile zeytin yaprağındaki hastalıkların sınıflandırılması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ağ yapıları, zeytin yaprağındaki hastalıkların etiketlerine göre eğitim için yeniden düzenlenmiştir. Veri setinde, veri çoğaltma işlemi uygulanarak hem ham veri seti hem de çoğaltılmış veri seti için ayrı ayrı performans sonuçları alınmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar doğruluk, duyarlılık, özgüllük, kesinlik ve F1-Skor gibi performans ölçütleri ile değerlendirilmiştir. En iyi performans iyileştirmesi %7,56 ile AlexNet’in doğruluk değeri için elde edilirken, en düşük iyileştirme oranı %0,63 ile ShuffleNet’in özgüllük değerinden elde edilmiştir.

Enrichment of Doogh with Olive Leaf Extract and Investigation of Its Physicochemical, Microbial, and Sensory Properties during Storage at Room Temperature and Refrigerator

Doogh is a popular Iranian drink with high nutritional value and in recent years has attracted the attention of many consumers. Nowadays, the problems caused by malnutrition and lack of useful compounds with high nutritional value and increasing shelf life are essential in the food industry. This research was performed in Shirin Cheshmeh Dairy Production Company and all experiments were performed in the Food Control Laboratory of the Food and Drug Administration, Guilan University of Medical Sciences. In this study, olive leaf extract was added to doogh at five levels of zero, 0.2, 0.5, 1, and 2% and stored for 45 days, its physicochemical, microbial, and sensory properties at two refrigerators at 2°C and room temperature 25 ° C were evaluated. Sampling was analyzed on days 0, 15, 30, and 45 days in 3 replications with Duncan's statistical analysis. The effect of using different treatments and storage time on most characteristics showed a significant difference. This study showed that the effect of olive leaf extract on the pH, mold, and yeast of the treatments is decreasing and the percentage of acidity and serum volume is increasing. According to the hedonic method, the acceptability of treatment 2 on the 15th day of maintenance was higher. In general, according to the results, it can be said that the production of useful products with plant compounds can promote an effective step to produce and design useful drinks in the consumer market and food industry factories.

Investigate of electrochemical hydrogen storage and coulombic efficiency of NiAl2O4/NiO synthesized by cationic, anionic and polymeric surfactants: Green synthesis and characterization

In this work, NiAl2O4/NiO nanostructures organized with olive leaf extract have been used in hydrogen storage due to the importance of hydrogen storage and green synthesis of nanoparticles. The synthesized NiAl2O4/NiO nanostructures have been characterized by using XRD, EDS, FT-IR and their morphology, porosity are investigated with SEM and BET, respectively. To improve the performance of hydrogen storage of NiAl2O4/NiO spinel have been used cationic (CTAB), anionic (SDS) and polymeric (PVP) surfactants in the preparation of nickel aluminate. The use of polymeric surfactants (PVP) increased the hydrogen storage capacity from 1100mAh/g (for synthesized without surfactant)to 3000 mAh/g and also improved the Columbic efficiency from 55 to 75%.

Microencapsulation of fish oil with olive leaf extract instead of synthetic antioxidant and its effects on nutraceutical properties of fish oil at different inlet temperatures

Microencapsulation of fish oil with olive leaf extract instead of synthetic antioxidant and its effects on nutraceutical properties of fish oil at different inlet temperatures