Olein Oil Research Articles

Characterization of Oil Droplets under a Polymer Film by Laser Scanning Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy

We studied the wetting behavior of thin oil films on quartz and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrates before and after being coated with a polymer colloidal dispersion. The triolein oil was doped with a trace of a fluorescent dye, and the films were prepared by casting a dilute solution of dyed triolein in acetone onto the substrates. The films were then observed by laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy (LSCFM). On quartz, triolein breaks up into approximately spherical, micrometer-sized droplets as the acetone evaporates. The oil droplets were coated with a water dispersion of a film-forming latex dispersion of poly(butyl methacrylate) (PBMA). Most of the droplets adhered to the quartz substrate as the water evaporates. With LSCFM, we could image the triolein droplets under the transparent polymer latex film. These had larger volumes than those formed in air, and their micro-contact angle increased from 〈θ〉 = (32 ± 5)° at the quartz−air interface to 〈θ〉 = (71 ± 4)° at the quartz−PBMA interface. When deposited on PET, the triolein wets the substrate surface and forms an almost homogeneous film. Upon coating with a PBMA latex film, we observed some dewetting of the oil from the PET substrate, and the micro-contact angle of the oil increased from 〈θ〉 = (8 ± 4)° at the PET−air interface to 〈θ〉 = (18 ± 5)° at the PET−PBMA interface.

Vitamin E levels in soleus muscles of experimentally induced hyperthyroid rats differ consequent to feeding of edible oils

It has been shown that lipid peroxidation product levels in the soleus muscles of rats fed palm olein were lower than in the soleus muscles of rats fed soya bean oil. A study was carried out to test our hypothesis that the lower level of lipid peroxidation products in the soleus muscle of palm olein-fed rats is due, at least partly, to the higher amount of vitamin E in their soleus muscles. Experimentally induced hyperthyroid rats were fed either ground rat chow or ground rat chow mixed with palm olein oil or soya bean oil for a period of 8 weeks. Euthyroid rats fed ground rat chow for a similar period served as controls. At the end of the 8-week period, the rats were sacrificed and the α-tocopherol and tocotrienol levels in their soleus muscles were measured using high pressure liquid chromatography. It was found that the levels of α-tocopherol (23.682 ± 0.363), α-tocotrienol (1.974 ± 0.040) and γ-tocotrienol (1.418 ± 0.054) in μg/g tissue wet weight in the soleus muscles of hyperthyroid rats fed palm olein oil were statistically significantly higher than those found in the soleus muscles of hyperthyroid rats fed soya bean oil, which were 14.299 ± 0.378, 0.053 ± 0.053 and 0.184 ± 0.120μg/g tissue wet weight, respectively. The result shows that the increased level of a-tocopherol and tocotrienols found in the soleus muscles of hyperthyroid rats fed palm olein oil is responsible, at least partly, for the lower amount of lipid peroxidation products in these muscles compared with the soleus muscles of hyperthyroid rats fed soya bean oil in our earlier study.

Structure of a Triglyceride Microemulsion: A Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Study

The microscopic structure of a microemulsion of triolein oil, aqua (water−ethanol, 80/20 wt %), and polyoxyethylene (40) sorbitol hexaoleats has been studied with small-angle neutron scattering. Co...

Early diet influences hepatic hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase and 7α-hydroxylase mRNA but not low-density lipoprotein receptor mRNA during development

Plasma cholesterol levels increase after birth, and to a greater extent in breast-fed versus formula-fed infants. This increase is believed to be due to the high fat and cholesterol content of the infant diet, but little is known about the effects of early diet on the expression of proteins involved in regulating cholesterol metabolism. This study examined changes in the expression of hepatic proteins regulating cholesterol metabolism during development. Newborn piglets were fed sow milk or one of four formulas for 18 days. The formulas had similar levels of palmitic acid (16:0) as in milk, supplied as palm olein oil with 16:0 esterified predominantly to the sn-1,3 position or as synthesized triglyceride (TG) with 16:0 esterified mainly to the sn-2 position of glycerol, each with no cholesterol (<0.10 mmol/L) or 0.65 mmol/L cholesterol added. Reverse transcriptase—polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of mRNA levels was used to assess the effects of diet on hepatic hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor, and 7α-hydroxylase (C7H). LDL receptor mRNA levels showed no appreciable difference between milk- and formula-fed piglets. However, the levels of HMG-CoA reductase and C7H mRNA were higher ( P < .05) in all formula-fed versus milk-fed piglets, irrespective of the formula TG source or cholesterol content. The lower levels of HMG-CoA reductanse and C7H mRNA in milk-fed piglets were accompanied by higher ( P < .05) plasma total, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and apolipoprotein (apo) B—containing cholesterol. These studies show that the levels of hepatic HMG-CoA reductase and C7H mRNA, but probably not LDL receptor mRNA, are altered by early diet.

Dietary Triacylglycerols with Palmitic Acid (16:0) in the 2-Position Increase 16:0 in the 2-Position of Plasma and Chylomicron Triacylglycerols, but Reduce Phospholipid Arachidonic and Docosahexaenoic Acids, and Alter Cholesteryl Ester Metabolism in Formula-Fed Piglets ,

Milk triacylglycerols have an unusual fatty acid distribution, with palmitic acid (16:0) esterified predominately at the center (sn-2) position. Other dietary triacylglycerols contain 16:0 predominantly at the sn-1,3 positions. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of formula triacylglycerol fatty acid distribution on the composition and distribution of plasma lipoprotein fatty acids in piglets fed formula containing synthesized triacylglycerols or palm olein oil with about 32 or 4.2% 16:0, respectively, in fatty acids at the sn-2 position, with comparison to piglets fed sow’s milk. Feeding formula with 16:0 at the triglyceride sn-2 position or sow’s milk resulted in higher chylomicron triacylglycerol sn-2 16:0 than when palm olein was fed. This suggests that dietary triacylglycerol sn-2 position fatty acids are conserved during digestion, absorption and reassembly to chylomicron triacylglycerols. The increased chylomicron triacylglycerol sn-2 position 16:0 in piglets fed synthesized triacylglycerols was accompanied by lower chylomicron triacylglycerol arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid than in piglets fed formula with palm olein, suggesting an interaction between dietary triacylglycerol saturated fatty acid distribution and (n-6) and (n-3) fatty acid transport.

Formula Containing Randomized Fats with Palmitic Acid (16:0) in the 2-Position Increases 16:0 in the 2-Position of Plasma and Chylomicron Triglycerides in Formula-Fed Piglets to Levels Approaching Those of Piglets Fed Sow’s Milk

Human and pig milk fat contains a high proportion of palmitic acid (16:0) which is largely esterified to the 2-position of the triglycerides. In contrast, the 16:0 in most nonmilk fats and in infant formulas is mainly esterified at the triglyceride 1,3 positions. Gastric and pancreatic lipases hydrolyze fatty acids from the dietary triglyceride 1- and 3-positions to produce unesterified fatty acids and 2-monoglycerides which are absorbed and re-esterified. In this study, we determined whether formula with chemically randomized oils, which equally distributes 16:0 among all the positions of triglycerides, influences growth or the distribution of fatty acids in plasma and liver lipid of formula-fed piglets compared with piglets fed formula with native oils or sow’s milk. After feeding from birth to 18 d, piglets fed formula with palm olein randomized with canola oil (co-randomized) had higher weight gain per liter of formula intake and higher 16:0 in the chylomicron triglyceride 2-position than piglets fed formula with randomized or native palm olein oil blended with canola oil. The fatty acid distribution of formula triglycerides is an important determinant of pathways of 16:0 absorption, and consequently of plasma lipid fatty acids in formula-fed piglets.

Structure of a Triglyceride Microemulsion: A Small Angle Neutron Scattering Study

The microscopic structure of a microemulsion of triolein oil, aqua (water−ethanol, 80/20 wt %), and polyoxyethylene (40) sorbitol hexaoleats has been studied with small-angle neutron scattering. Co...

Palm oil and soybean oil as fry fats: Sensory acceptability of a deep-fat fried Nigerian snack food

The objective of the project was to compare the acceptability of a African snack product, chin-chin, when fried in soybean, palm, palm olein and palm stearin oils. Forty complete responses were obtained from volunteer judges who were attending an agricultural exposition sponsored by the University of Nebraska. After tasting all products, the judges gave slightly better rating scores to the palm stearin fried chin-chin than to the soybean oil fried products (p < 0.10) with the palm olein and palm oil fried products being given intermediate scores. The forced ranking evaluation gave directionally similar results but, because of smaller variation among scores, these differences were significantly different at the p < 0.05 levels. Since differences in acceptability scores were very small, these results suggest that improvement in nutritional value achieved by feeding a less saturated oil (soybean oil) may be worth the slight decline in taste/odor acceptability in comparison to a more highly saturated fry fat (palm olein oil).

Plasma lipids and prothrombin time in rats fed palm oil and other commonly used fats in Egypt

Sprague-Dawley rats were fed for a total period of 8 weeks on six diets that were different in the source of their fat content. The fat content was provided either, palm oil or palm olein or corn oil or hydrogenated fat, or frying palm oil and mixture of corn oil + hydrogenated fat in the ratio (1:1). The latter was given to the control group. Animals fed these various experimental diets showed statistically significant differences in serum cholesterol and serum triglycerides content among all group. Increased HDL-cholesterol content was evident in animals fed on palm-olein and palm oil. The frying oil fed group showed lowest HDL-cholesterol content. In these experiments palm olein fed animals showed highest ratio of HDL-cholesterol to total cholesterol while the lowest ratio was shown in rats fed on frying oil. Prothrombin (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (PTT) showed higher values In palm oil, palm olein and corn oil diets as compared to all groups with each other.

Chemoreception for fat: Do rats sense triglycerides directly?

Rats given a choice between fluid containing 0.1–0.5% triglyceride oil and the same fluid without oil, generally preferred the fluid containing oil. Several experiments indicate that this preference is based on the detection of impurities rather than triglycerides per se. Rats preferred crude triolein to a greater degree than they did highly purified triolein or corn oil. Rats did not show any preference for or aversion to tristearin, a fat that does not decompose as readily as triolein. Rats that have been trained to avoid a dilute suspension of triolein, also avoided an aqueous extract of triolein. Since rats that had been trained to avoid triolein oil also avoided corn oil, it seems likely that different oils may possess similar impurities. Since training rats to avoid mineral oil did not reduce preference for triolein, these substances may have different flavors. It is proposed that rats use fat decomposition products to detect the presence of fats in foods.

Modulation of hepatic ferrochelatase activity by dietary manipulation of mitochondrial phospholipid fatty acyl groups.

Ferrochelatase is an enzyme bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane, which is important in heme biosynthesis. Activity of purified ferrochelatase is affected by the presence of certain fatty acids. In the present study, we examined whether the activity of ferrochelatase is altered by dietary manipulation of the composition of mitochondrial membrane phospholipid fatty acyl groups. Rats were fed diets containing triolein, safflower or menhaden oil as 5% (w/w) of the diet. After 3 weeks, the animals were killed and liver mitochondria were isolated. Phospholipid fatty acid composition and ferrochelatase activity were assayed in the isolated mitochondria. Marked differences were seen. The proportion of oleic acid was highest in the triolein oil-fed group, that of linoleic and arachidonic acid was highest in the safflower oil-fed group and the proportion of eicosapentaenoic acid was highest in the menhaden oil-fed group. Ferrochelatase activity was greatest in the triolein oil-fed group and lowest in the menhaden oil-fed group regardless of whether the mitochondria were intact, sonicated or sonicated and treated with Tween 20. Mixing of mitochondria from menhaden oil-fed rats with triolein oil resulted in a significant increase in ferrochelatase activity. Membrane fluidity and activities of the mitochondrial membrane enzymes succinic dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase did not differ among the groups. We conclude that dietary manipulation of mitochondrial membrane phospholipid fatty acyl group composition can directly modulate hepatic ferrochelatase activity. This has potential application in the treatment of protoporphyria, the genetic disorder in which ferrochelatase activity is deficient.

Serum lipid profile and retinol in rats fed micronutrient rich edible vegetable oil blend

Abstract. Khan HN, Farooqi H, Ali S, Khan JS. 2010. Serum lipid profile and retinol in rats fed micronutrient-rich edible vegetable oil blend. Nusantara Bioscience 2: 109-116. The animal rats were given 10% oil mixed in fat-free diet for one month or six months. In the experiment, the groups of rats were fed with the micronutrient (MN) rich blends mixed previously with 1% cholesterol, and their effects were tested on serum lipid profile. Most significant changes in the High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were observed in one-month study where HDL increased from 24 mg/dl in group to 64 mg/dl in the Mustard palm olein oil blend (MP); in mustard oil (MO) alone fed rats, the HDL was 36 mg/dl. Serum retinol was analyzed as one of the important MN in rats receiving the diet mixed with the blend for various duration of time. The results assume great significance as MO or palm olein oil (PO) alone could not bring the maximum beneficial effects, and the blends appear to have more merit as healthy oils in alleviating adverse health condition such as coronary heart disease (CHD), diabetes, obesity, and hypertension.

Ultrasonic aqueous cleaning in metal finishing: Stafford, R.D., Metal Finishing Journal, Vol 14, No 167 (November 1968) pp 352–354

The aims of the current study were to evaluate the best technique for total phenolic extraction from Lavandula pubescens (Lp) and its application in vegetable oil industries as alternatives of synthetic food additives (TBHQ and BHT). To achieve these aims, three techniques of extraction were used: ultrasonic-microwave (40 kHz, 50 W, microwave power 480 W, 5 min), ultrasonic-homogenizer (20 kHz, 150 W, 5 min) and conventional maceration as a control. By using the Folin–Ciocalteu method, the total phenolic contents (TPC) (mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry matter) were found to be 253.87, 216.96 and 203.41 for ultrasonic-microwave extract, ultrasonic-homogenizer extract and maceration extract, respectively. The ultrasonic-microwave extract achieved the higher scavenger effect of DPPH (90.53%) with EC50 (19.54 μg/mL), and higher inhibition of β-carotene/linoleate emulsion deterioration (94.44%) with IC50 (30.62 μg/mL). The activity of the ultrasonic-microwave treatment could prolong the induction period (18.82 h) and oxidative stability index (1.67) of fresh refined, bleached and deodorized palm olein oil (RBDPOo) according to Rancimat assay. There was an important synergist effect between citric acid and Lp extracts in improving the oxidative stability of fresh RBDPOo. The results of this work also showed that the ultrasonic-microwave assisted extract was the most effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains that were assessed in this study. The uses of ultrasonic-microwave could induce the acoustic cavitation and rupture of plant cells, and this facilitates the flow of solvent into the plant cells and enhances the desorption from the matrix of solid samples, and thus would enhance the efficiency of extraction based on cavitation phenomenon.

Ultrasonics can join big parts too: Modern Plastics, Vol 45, No 14 (October 1968) pp 85

The aims of the current study were to evaluate the best technique for total phenolic extraction from Lavandula pubescens (Lp) and its application in vegetable oil industries as alternatives of synthetic food additives (TBHQ and BHT). To achieve these aims, three techniques of extraction were used: ultrasonic-microwave (40 kHz, 50 W, microwave power 480 W, 5 min), ultrasonic-homogenizer (20 kHz, 150 W, 5 min) and conventional maceration as a control. By using the Folin–Ciocalteu method, the total phenolic contents (TPC) (mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry matter) were found to be 253.87, 216.96 and 203.41 for ultrasonic-microwave extract, ultrasonic-homogenizer extract and maceration extract, respectively. The ultrasonic-microwave extract achieved the higher scavenger effect of DPPH (90.53%) with EC50 (19.54 μg/mL), and higher inhibition of β-carotene/linoleate emulsion deterioration (94.44%) with IC50 (30.62 μg/mL). The activity of the ultrasonic-microwave treatment could prolong the induction period (18.82 h) and oxidative stability index (1.67) of fresh refined, bleached and deodorized palm olein oil (RBDPOo) according to Rancimat assay. There was an important synergist effect between citric acid and Lp extracts in improving the oxidative stability of fresh RBDPOo. The results of this work also showed that the ultrasonic-microwave assisted extract was the most effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains that were assessed in this study. The uses of ultrasonic-microwave could induce the acoustic cavitation and rupture of plant cells, and this facilitates the flow of solvent into the plant cells and enhances the desorption from the matrix of solid samples, and thus would enhance the efficiency of extraction based on cavitation phenomenon.

The Oil Chemists' Society of Japan

Journal of the American Oil Chemists' SocietyVolume 34, Issue 9 p. 4-5 A.O.C.S. Commentary The Oil Chemists' Society of Japan S. Kawamura, S. Kawamura Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Mikityô, Kagawa-ken, JapanSearch for more papers by this author S. Kawamura, S. Kawamura Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Mikityô, Kagawa-ken, JapanSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 September 1957 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02638013AboutRelatedInformationPDFPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessClose modalShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. Volume34, Issue9September 1957Pages 4-5 RelatedInformation RecommendedSunflower oil processing from crude to salad oilFrank E. Sullivan, Journal of the American Oil Chemists' SocietyBlending of hydrogenated low‐erucic acid rapeseed oil, low‐erucic acid rapeseed oil, and hydrogenated palm oil or palm oil in the preparation of shorteningsSabine Danthine, Journal of the American Oil Chemists' SocietyFactice from oil mixturesSelim M. Erhan, Robert Kleiman, Journal of the American Oil Chemists' SocietyCharacteristics of Eutectic Compositions of Restructured Palm Oil Olein, Palm Kernel Oil and Their MixturesIsona L. Gold, M. E. Ukhun, C. C. Akoh, Journal of the American Oil Chemists' SocietyReferee chemists and official methodsWilliam E. Link, Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society