Oleifera Leaf Research Articles

The photoactivated antifungal activity and possible mode of action of sodium pheophorbide a on Diaporthe mahothocarpus causing leaf spot blight in Camellia oleifera

IntroductionSodium pheophorbide a (SPA) is a natural plant-derived photosensitizer, with high photoactivated antifungal activity against some phytopathogenic fungi. However, its fungicidal effect on Diaporthe mahothocarpus, a novel pathogen that causes Camellia oleifera leaf spot blight, is unclear.MethodsIn the present study, we explored its inhibitory effects on spore germination and mycelial growth of D. mahothocarpus. Then we determined its effects on the cell membrane, mycelial morphology, redox homeostasis, and cell death through bioassay. Finally, RNA-seq was used further to elucidate its mode of action at the transcriptional level.ResultsWe found that SPA effectively inhibited the growth of D. mahothocarpus, with half-maximal effective concentrations to inhibit mycelial growth and spore germination of 1.059 and 2.287 mg/mL, respectively. After 1.0 mg/mL SPA treatment, the conductivity and malondialdehyde content of D. mahothocarpus were significantly increased. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy indicated that SPA significantly affected the morphology and ultrastructure of D. mahothocarpus hyphae, revealing that SPA can destroy the mycelial morphology and cell structure, especially the cell membrane of D. mahothocarpus. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis revealed that SPA significantly suppressed the expression of genes involved in morphology, cell membrane permeability, and oxidative stress. Then, we also found that SPA significantly promoted the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in of D. mahothocarpus, while it decreased the content of reduced glutathione, inhibited the enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, and exacerbated DNA damage. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining also confirmed that 1.0 mg/mL SPA could significantly induce apoptosis and necrosis.DiscussionGenerally, SPA can induce ROS-mediated oxidative stress and cell death, thus destroying the cell membrane and hyphal morphology, and ultimately inhibiting mycelial growth, which indicates that SPA has multiple modes of action, providing a scientific basis for the use of SPA as an alternative plant-derived photoactivated fungicide against C. oleifera leaf spot blight.

Antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Salmonella, toxicity and biochemical effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts in mice

Abstract. Ngemenya MN, Itoe LO, Awah LA, Asongana R, Ndip RA. 2024. Antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Salmonella, toxicity and biochemical effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts in mice. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 22: 43-50. The emergence of multidrug resistance has significantly compromised the treatment of Salmonella infections. The anti-Salmonella activity, toxicity, and biochemical effects of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaf crude extracts were studied by disc diffusion and microdilution against Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) strains. Cytotoxicity was investigated on monkey kidney epithelial cells (LLCMK2) and acute toxicity in BALB/c mice. Both hexane (MOHEX) and methanol (MOMET) extracts produced small zones of inhibition of 8mm at 1 mg and 2 mg per disc, indicating weak activity, but the minimum inhibitory concentration showed high (0.0625 mg/mL) to low activity (10 mg/mL) activity. No minimum bactericidal concentration was recorded at the concentrations tested. The 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) for methanol and hexane extracts were 2524 µg/mL and 5004 µg/mL, respectively, indicating a low risk of toxicity. No mortality or adverse effects were recorded in the acute toxicity test. Both extracts had no significant effects (p < 0.05) on renal function and one liver enzyme (alanine aminotransferase), but MOMET significantly increased aspartate aminotransferase (p = 0.04), suggesting possible liver toxicity. The study shows that M. oleifera leaves possess bacteriostatic activity against multidrug-resistant Salmonella and are non-toxic; hence, it is a potential alternative treatment against multidrug-resistant Salmonella. Further studies of fractions and pure natural products of the extracts should be pursued.

Effects of Quercetin Fraction from Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract on Oxidative Markers and Histological Profile of Carotid and Coronary Arteries: An Experimental Animal Study

Effects of Quercetin Fraction from Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract on Oxidative Markers and Histological Profile of Carotid and Coronary Arteries: An Experimental Animal Study

Assessment of the Proximate and Mineral Compositions of Moringa Oleifera Leaf Extracts, the Carcass and Eggs of African Clariid Catfish, Heterobranchus bidorsalis

The need to optimize feed efficiency, feed digestibility and improve metabolism, growth, and reproductive performance of fish has necessitated the use of phytogenic feed additives in aquaculture. A Study was carried out to assess the Proximate and mineral compositions of aqueous and ethanolic Moringa oleifera leave extracts (AMOLE and EMOLE respectively) according to standard procedures. Consequently, these two extracts were used to formulate test diets containing 0.00/100g (control), 1.0g/100g, 2.0g/100g and 3.0g/100g inclusion levels. H. bidorsalis samples (n=216; 800.00+150.00g; 37.50±1.5cm) were randomly distributed in triplicate into 24 concrete tanks of size 6m x 4m x1.3m in a completely randomized 2x4 factorial design and fed at 5% body weight twice daily for 16 weeks. The proximate and mineral compositions of the diets was determined while the carcass and the eggs nutrients compositions were subsequently assessed. The proximate composition of the eggs were significantly higher in crude protein contents than the CP in the MOLE (34.14±0.05), AMOLE (38.84±0.17) and EMOLE (38.44±0.07) diets and the Carcass (37.46±0.28) with range (72.32±0.41 (control) - 78.78±0.58 % (3.0/100g)) while the ash (1.44±0.10 (3g/100g - 2.41±0.10% (control)) and ether (2.88±0.09 (3.0/100g) - 3.25±0.9% (control) ) contents where significantly lower than the highest contents of ash (20.01±0.27%) recorded in fish fed 2.0/100g AMOLE diet and (7.94±0.05%) ether recorded in the control diet. Aqueous extraction method had the highest significant (P<0.05) retention of mineral concentrations: Ca (21.04), P (14.89), Mg (16.40), Na (23.33), K (65.57), Fe (10.67), Cu (6.48) and Zn (5.55) compare to ethanolic extraction method: Ca (2.87), P (12.65), Mg (7.65), Na (19.24), K (13.76), Fe (9.07), Cu (2.40) and Zn (2.32). For the carcass, only Manganese, Iron and Copper compositions were significant (P<0.05) among all treatment groups and the control. These findings have far reaching nutritional importance in the healthcare system and will help to address undernutrition in fish broodstock management in a cost effective manner. Thus, the use of M. oleifera leaves extracts as phytogenic feed additives and nutrients booster should be encouraged and sustained towards sustainable aquaculture development.

Ovicidal Effect of the Ethanolic Extract of Moringa oleifera Leaf on Oligonychus punicae (Trombidiformes: Tetranychidae) Eggs1

Abstract Mexico is the leader in avocado (Persea americana Miller [Lauraceae]) production, with the United States being the principal consumer of avocados produced there. The avocado crop is susceptible to attacks by insect and mite pests, including the avocado brown mite, Oligonychus punicae (Hirst) (Acari: Tetranychidae), which is a serious economic pest of the crop in Mexico. This study evaluated the effects of different concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20% [v/v]) of the ethanolic extract from Moringa oleifera Lamarck (Moringaceae) leaves against O. punicae eggs and its residual effect on the density of larvae and nymphs emerging from treated eggs. Egg mortality ranged from 0.0 at the 0.1% concentration to 70.48% at the 20% concentration, compared with the control group. Egg mortality increased as extract concentrations increased. The density of larvae and nymphs that emerged from the treated eggs was significantly lower than the density in the control, indicating that both the number of living larvae and nymphs responded to extract concentration. Our results support the suggestion that the ethanolic extract of M. oleifera leaf has ovicidal and residual activity against O. punicae and can be incorporated into an integrated mite management program to control avocado brown mite populations. Further studies are needed to assess the efficiency and efficacy of M. oleifera extract against arthropod pests and natural enemies under greenhouse and field conditions.

Utilization of Moringa oleifera leaf meal as a protein source in diets for Cirrhinus mrigala: effects on growth, body composition, and hematology

IntroductionIn the current study, Cirrhinus mrigala was used as an animal model to investigate the impacts of Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) on their overall performance reared in six earthen ponds.MethodsIn this study, fishmeal (FM) was substituted with MOLM at various levels in the diet: 0% (control), 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30%, for a six-month feeding trial. A total of 270 fish with 15 fingerlings (15.31 ± 0.12 g/fish) stocked in each of the six earthen ponds in triplicates.ResultsWhen compared to other experimental and control groups, analyses revealed that fish given a diet having 10% MOLM had the highest growth performance (final weight: 422.32 g, weight gain: 406.97 g). Fingerlings fed a diet which substituted with 10% of FM with MOLM showed the greatest results for body composition (crude protein: 19.31%; crude fat: 3.01%). The results of hematology, i.e., WBCs: 7.65 × 103 mm−3, PLT: 58.38, hemoglobin level: 8.52 g 100 mL−1, PCV: 25.12%, MCHC: 30.45%, MCH: 48.81 pg., MCV: 159.50 fl, also showed that 10% MOLM was the optimum level for FM substitution. Furthermore, the outcomes of body mineralization (P, Ca, Na, Mn, Fe, Mg, Zn, K, and Cu, 1.06, 0.92%, 5.53 mg/g, 9.90 ug/g, 54.62 ug/g, 3.09%, 3.81 ug/g, 8.31%, and 3.76 ug/g respectively) also indicated that 10% level was the best.ConclusionConclusively, the current study found that substituting 10% of FM with MOLM in the diet of C. mrigala fingerlings improved growth performance, carcass, hematology, and mineral status.

Effects of Neem, Moringa, and Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Coating on Postharvest Shelf Life and Quality Retention of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

This study aimed to investigate the effects of synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), Azadirachta indica (neem), and Moringa oleifera (moringa) leaf extracts on the shelf life and quality retention of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruits during storage. Thirty-five (35) red, matured tomato fruits were collected, rinsed and grouped for each treatment with AgNPs, neem and moringa coating: Control (n=5), moringa aqueous leaf extract (MALE) (n=5), neem aqueous leaf extract (NALE) (n=5), 1:9 and 6:4 moringa aqueous leaf extract synthesized silver nanoparticles (MALE-AgNPs) (n=5), 1:9 and 6:4 neem aqueous leaf extract synthesized silver nanoparticles (NALE-AgNPs) (n=5), respectively. The firmness, shelf life, and postharvest decay percentage of the tomato fruits were determined. Additionally, fungi associated with the postharvest deterioration of the fruits were isolated and identified using standard procedures. From the results of this study, tomato fruits coated with either neem or moringa crude extract showed the longest shelf life, as compared to the coating with AgNPs. Additionally, two fungi, namely Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus, were isolated from the decayed tomato fruits. In conclusion, the neem and moringa leaf extracts are effective in the extension of the shelf life and retention of the quality of tomato fruits.

Enhancement of Nile tilapia' Immune Cells Phagocytic Activity, Nitric Oxide Production, and Upregulation of Immunoglobulin M and Cytokines Gene Expression Post-Feeding on Moringa oleifera Leaf and Seed Mixture

Enhancement of Nile tilapia' Immune Cells Phagocytic Activity, Nitric Oxide Production, and Upregulation of Immunoglobulin M and Cytokines Gene Expression Post-Feeding on Moringa oleifera Leaf and Seed Mixture

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using medicinal plant Moringa oleifera leaf extract and assessment of its antioxidant activity

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using medicinal plant Moringa oleifera leaf extract and assessment of its antioxidant activity

Response of Yield, Quality, and Bioactive Constituents of Green Onion to Foliar Spraying with Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract and Yeast Extract

Response of Yield, Quality, and Bioactive Constituents of Green Onion to Foliar Spraying with Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract and Yeast Extract

Preparation and Evaluation of Oleogels Incorporated with Moringa oleifera Leaves Extract in Biscuits Production

Preparation and Evaluation of Oleogels Incorporated with Moringa oleifera Leaves Extract in Biscuits Production

Effect of Moringa Oleifera Leaves Meal (MOLM) Supplement in Combating Heat Stress in Broiler Chickens Fed Maize Soya Bean Diet

Effect of Moringa Oleifera Leaves Meal (MOLM) Supplement in Combating Heat Stress in Broiler Chickens Fed Maize Soya Bean Diet

Effect of Feeding Moringa oleifera Leaf Powder on the Growth and Performance of Osmanabadi Kids

The study was conducted at Goat Research Project, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Agricultural University, Parbhani. Eighteen Osmanabadi kids were selected and were allocated to three experimental groups based on concentrate feed replacement with Moringa oleifera Leaf Powder (MOLP) i.e., T0 (0%), T1(10%) and T2 (20%). The study lasted for 90 days in intensive rearing system. The averages for weekly body weight (Kg) of kids fed with MOLP for group T0, T1 and T2 at the end of 13th week were 14.40±0.36, 14.86±0.47 and 16.40±0.45 kg, respectively depicting significantly higher values for T2 group than Ti group whereas non-significant difference between T0 and T1 group. The weekly body weight gain was 0.39±0.01, 0.40±0.01 and 0.54± 0.01 kg, respectively while the daily weight gain observed were 55.95±2.07, 56.90±1.31 and 76.64±1.67 gm respectively with highly significant difference between T2 group as compared to T1 and T0 group. The mean values for weekly and daily feed intake for groups T0, T1 and T2 were 70.95±0.43 and 10.14±0.06, 71.38±0.41 and 10.20±0.06, and 70.40±0.06, and 10.06±0.01 kg, respectively. The feed conversion efficiency (FCR) was significantly (P<0.01) better in T2 (6.49±0.00) as compared to T1 (8.82±0.03) and T0 (8.93±0.04). There was higher growth performance of Osmanabadi kids in T2 treatment group as compared to T1 and T0 groups. It can be concluded that the concentrate feed can be replaced up to 20% by Moringa oleifera leaf powder in Osmanabadi kids reared intensively without any adverse effect on growth.

Effect Of Variations In Concentration And Length Of Soaking Leaf Extract Moringa (Moringa Oleifera) To Bioavaibility Content Nutrition And Response Antioxidant Flour Bucket (Artocarpus Communist) As Material Raw Making Biscuit MP-ASI

The Effect of Varying Concentrations and Soaking Time of Moringa Oleifera Leaf Extract on the Bioavailability of Nutritional Content and Antioxidant Response of Breadfruit Flour (Artocarpus Communis) as Raw Material for Making MP-ASI Biscuits. The first 2 years are characterized by very rapid physical and social development and growth which is influenced by food and nutritional intake. The aim is to analyze the effect of variations in concentration and soaking time of Moringa leaf extract on the bioavailability of nutritional content in making MP-ASI biscuits. The research used a multi-factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Factor x variation of Moringa leaf extract concentration 0%; 10%; 20% and 30% and the y factor is the soaking time for 6 hours; 12 hours and 18 hours, each treatment was repeated 3 times. Data Analysis Using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). significant differences in treatment in DMRT analysis. The research results show that the treatment with a concentration of Moringa leaf extract of 30% with a soaking time of 18 hours because the average shows an increase in the antioxidant response and good nutritional content, the antioxidant response is 77.51 ppm (strong), vitamin A 356.08 μg/100, iron (Fe) 9.03 mgFe/ 100. For protein, carbohydrates, fat, water and ash, the best results were obtained from a combination treatment of 30% Moringa leaf extract with a soaking time of 6 hours, namely, 10.13% protein, 41.43% carbohydrates, 8.71% fat, 4.95% water and 1.64% ash. There is an influence of variations in concentration and soaking time on the response of antioxidants, protein, carbohydrates, fat, in MP-ASI biscuits as shown by the ρ value 0.000 < α 0.05.

Immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and growth-promoting activities of dietary fermented Moringa oleifera in Nile tilapia (Oreochromus niloticus) with in-vivo protection against Aeromonas hydrophila.

Moringa oleifera, a well-known medicinal plant, has been used in aquafeed as a dietary supplement. Based on previous studies, insufficient research is available on the dietary supplementation of Nile tilapia withM. oleiferaleaf and seed mixtures, specifically the fermented form. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the efficacy of fermented (FMO) versus non-fermented M. oleifera(MO) leaf and seed mixtures on immunological parameters, antioxidant activity, growth performance, and resistance toA. hydrophilainfection after a 30-day feeding trial on Nile tilapia. A total of 180 fingerlings were randomly divided into four groups in addition to the control group (36 fish each, in triplicate). Fish in the tested groups were fed on basal diet supplemented with MO5%, MO10%, FMO5%, and FMO10%, while those in control were fed on basal diet only. After the feeding trial, fish were challenged withA. hydrophila. The immunomodulatory activity of M. oleifera was evaluated in terms of phagocytic and lysozyme activities, immune-related cytokines and IgM gene expression. Antioxidants, and growth-promoting activities were also assessed. The results revealed that fish supplemented FMO markedly in FMO10% group followed by FMO5%, exhibited significant (P < 0.05) improvement in the tested immunological, hepatic antioxidants, and growth performance parameters. Furthermore, the highest survival rate post-challenge with mild clinical symptoms, and the lowest A. hydrophila bacterial count were reported in these groups. Meanwhile, MO10%-supplementation exhibited the opposite trend. The study' conclusion suggests that fermented M. oleifera leaf and seed mixture is a promising growth-promoting and immunostimulatory feed-additive candidate for Nile tilapia and could reduce the losses caused by A. hydrophila infection.

The curative effect of ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaf in an animal model of liver fibrosis

Studies about the prevention effect of Moringa oleifera on liver fibrosis has been reported. However, its curative effect has not been reported, yet. This study was conducted to evaluate the curative effect of M. oleifera leaf extract on liver fibrosis. It was a laboratory experimental study with a post-test-only control group design. Rats were divided into 5 groups i.e. normal control which received intraperitoneally injections of 1 mL/kg BW of 0.9% NaCl solution twice a wk for 11 wk. Liver fibrosis control which received intraperitoneally injections of 1 mL/kg BW of 10% CCl4 solution twice a wk for 11 wk. Three M. oleifera treatment group which received intraperitoneally injections of 1 mL/kg BW of 10% CCl4 solution twice a wk for 11 wk continued by M. oleifera leaf ethanolic extract at dose of 600 mg/kg BW daily for 3 (MO3), 6 (MO6), and 10 (MO10) wk, respectively. The liver fibrosis level was assessed based on the METAVIR score. Histopathological analysis of liver tissues demonstrated that the 11-week CCl4 induction successfully resulted in liver fibrosis in rats (F3 and F4). The administration of M. oleifera leaf ethanolic extract decreased METAVIR scores ranged from F3 to F1. The optimal reduction of the METAVIR scores (F1) was observed in MO3 group after 6 wk administration (p&lt;0.05). It was indicated that M. oleifera leaf ethanolic extract ameliorated liver fibrosis. In conclusion, M. oleifera leaf ethanolic extract has a curative effect against liver fibrosis.

Flour Functionality, Nutritional Composition, and In Vitro Protein Digestibility of Wheat Cookies Enriched with Decolourised Moringa oleifera Leaf Powder.

This study investigated the potential of decolourised Moringa oleifera leaf powder (D-MOLP) in cookies to meet consumer demand for healthier food options, addressing the issue of low acceptability due to its green colour. D-MOLP and its non-decolourised counterpart (ND-MOLP) were incorporated into wheat flour to produce cookies. The results showed that neither decolourisation nor addition level (2.5 or 7.5%) significantly affected water activity or flour functionality, though slight differences in cookie colour were observed. The Moringa-enriched cookies exhibited an improved spread ratio as well as higher protein, phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and in vitro protein digestibility compared to control cookies. The detected phenolic acids included chlorogenic, ferulic, and fumaric acids, with the D-MOLP cookies showing superior nutritional properties, likely due to nutrient concentration and reduced antinutrients. Notably, glutamic acid was the major amino acid in all the cookies, but only lysine significantly increased across the cookie types. This suggests D-MOLP could be a promising alternative for food enrichment. Future research should address the consumer acceptability, volatile components, and shelf-life of D-MOLP-enriched cookies.

GC-MS Analysis and Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anticancer, Cytotoxicity, and Hypoglycemic Properties of the Libyan Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract on Alloxan-Induced Diabetes in Mice

GC-MS Analysis and Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anticancer, Cytotoxicity, and Hypoglycemic Properties of the Libyan Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract on Alloxan-Induced Diabetes in Mice

Moringa oleifera (Moringaceae) an in-depth review of its nutritional classification and therapeutic application

The nutritional and various medical benefits of Moringa oleifera have been recognized for ages in a variety of habitats and introduced areas. A common tree in many tropical and subtropical nations is the M. oleifera. It belongs to the family Moringaceae. Various plant parts, including the leaves, roots, seeds, fruit, bark, flowers, and immature pods, it is used as analgesic, antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, antispasmodic, diuretic, and antihypertensive properties both humans and animals can benefit from eating Moringa leaves. M. oleifera is a plant whose many components are used to make traditional human meals. Protein, vitamins A, B, and C, as well as minerals, are all abundant in Moringa leaves. Up to 25% of M. oleifera leaf is made up of crude protein. Various M. oleifera plant components, including leaves, fruits, immature pods, and flowers, are grown in many tropical and subtropical nations.

Phytochemical Screening, GCMS Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Moringa oleifera Ethanolic and aqueous Leaf Extracts against Some Clinical Isolates

In response to the escalating concerns surrounding antibiotic resistance and associated side effects, interest in plant extracts and bioactive compounds derived from medicinal herbs has been resurgent. This study investigates the Phytochemical Screening, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) Analysis, and Antibacterial Activity of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extracts against clinical isolates. Utilizing aqueous and ethanolic extractions, the study determined the yield percentages as 16.25% and 7.14%, respectively. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, terpenoids, and saponins in both extracts, with the absence of phenol. The antibacterial activity was assessed using the agar well diffusion method, showing inhibitory effects against the tested isolates. The ethanolic extract exhibited superior antibacterial activity, with a maximum zone of inhibition (17mm) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 800mg/ml. The aqueous extract demonstrated a maximum zone of inhibition (12mm) against the same bacterium at the same concentration. Comparative analysis with standard antibiotics revealed competitive inhibitory effects, especially against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Furthermore, GCMS analysis identified sixteen phytochemical compounds in the ethanolic extract and eleven in the aqueous extract. The findings underscore the significant antibacterial potential of Moringa oleifera extracts, particularly against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The GC-MS results provide crucial insights into the bioactive chemical profile, supporting the potential therapeutic applications of Moringa oleifera in combating various infections. This study contributes valuable knowledge to exploring alternative treatments amid growing antibiotic resistance concerns.