Oleifera Leaf Extract Research Articles

Linear growth of infants aged 0-6 months in breastfeeding mothers who consume Moringa oleifera leaf extract capsules: randomized controlled doubleblind design

The prevalence of stunting in children in Indonesia is still high. However, linear growth and infant growth rates are relatively rarely published. This study aimed to analyse the effect of linear growth and growth rate of infants aged 0-6 months exclusively breastfed on mothers who consumed Moringa leaf extract and Moringa leaf powder supplements. The design of this study was a randomized controlled Double-Blind Design. Subjects were divided into 35 intervention groups and 35 control groups. The intervention group was given Moringa extract capsules (3.2 g/day) and breastfeeding education, while the control group was given Moringa leaf powder capsules (3.2 g/day) and breastfeeding education for about 3 months. Infant growth was followed until the age of 6 months, the variables of infant growth were expressed in weight for age, body length for age and growth based on the nutritional status of the infant expressed in the Z score of weight for age (W/A), Z score of body length for age (BL/A), Z score of body weight for body length (BW/BL) and Z score of body mass index for age (BMI/A). Statistical analysis with paired T-test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, and Exat Fisher Test. The results showed that the growth of body weight, body length, and BL/A were not different between the intervention group and the control group (p>0.05). Especially for the Z score of BW/A, BW/BL, BMI/A found a difference between the intervention and control groups with a p-value <0.05. The conclusion of the research is the growth rate of weight and length of infants aged 0-6 months were influenced by birth weight, infant morbidity, and exclusive breastfeeding status. The difference in the average deviation of the Z score value from the four anthropometric indices (BW/A, BW/BL, and BMI/A) roled in the administration of Moringa extract.

ADMET informatics of Plant Derived n-Hexadecanoic Acid (Palmitic Acid) from ethyl acetate fraction of Moringa oleifera leaf extract

Palmitic Acid (PA) is known to exert multiple fundamental biological functions at cellular and tissue levels and its steady concentration is guaranteed by its endogenous synthesis by DNL. PA has been for a long time negatively represented for its detrimental health effects tailing its essential physiological attributes. PA has been portrayed to serve as a signalling molecule regulating the progression and development of many diseases at molecular level. Controversial data on the association of dietary PA with detrimental health effects has been related to several parameters such as fatty acid/ macronutrient imbalance by altered lipid metabolism, positive energy balance, excessive intake of carbohydrates, imbalance of dietary PA/PUFA, physiopathological conditions, presence of enhanced DNL and sedentary lifestyle. This may result in dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, increased ectopic fat accumulation and increased inflammatory tone indicating that clear understanding of system based PA metabolism is still lacking. In the present study an attempt has been made to bring out the absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination and toxicity profile of PA. Results are expected to have some implications in elucidating the molecular mechanisms that regulates pathophysiological events involved in hyperglycemia/ hyperlipidemia-induced complications associated with diabesity and CVD. Besides it may provide a better understanding to identify key molecular targets for therapeutic management of PA induced metabolic disorders.
 Keywords: Moringa oleifera; MOLE; Bioactive Secondary Metabolites; ADME/Tox; Natural Products (NPs); PBNPs; PDHA; n-Hexadecanoic Acid (nHDA); Palmitic Acid (PA)

Moringa oleifera leaf extract induces osteogenic-like differentiation of human osteosarcoma SaOS2 cells

IntroductionMoringa oleifera is known as a ‘natural nutrition of the tropics’ because it provides vital nutritional supplements and a variety of pharmacological benefits. The focus of this study was to elucidate the dose dependent effects of Moringa oleifera leaf (MOL) extract on the growth of the human osteoblast-like osteosarcoma SaOS-2 cell line and primary osteoblast cells. MethodsTrypan blue & tetrazolium assay, intracellular ROS generation, chromatin condensation, cell cycle analysis, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), mineralization, and osteogenic gene expression were tested on both treated and untreated osteosarcoma SaOS-2 cells. ResultsAs revealed by cell viability assay, growth activity was observed at concentrations 25 and 50 μg/mL of MOL extract, whereas 100 and 200 μg/mL doses decreased the proliferation activity, resulting in ROS production and chromatin condensation. Cell cycle study revealed that MOL extract at 50 and 100 μg/mL concentrations arrested the cells in the G2/M phase. Low doses increased the ALP levels, mineralization, and expression of the bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) genes in osteoblast-like SaOS-2 cells, however, high doses inhibited the proliferation properties of MOL extract. Through AutoDock Vina and iGEMDOCK 2.1, the interaction of active components of MOL, such as β-sitosterol, quercetin and kaempferol, with BMP2 and Runx2 proteins revealed a reasonable binding affinity. Moreover, these components did not show any Lipinski's rule of five violation and showed predictable pharmacokinetic properties. ConclusionThe results of the biphasic dose-response of MOL extract on the growth activity of osteoblast-like SaOS-2 cells and in silico binding interface, may provide a therapeutic and/or preventive implication in prospective drug development.

GMR Biosensor Based on Spin-Valve Thin Films for Green-Synthesized Magnetite (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) Nanoparticles Label Detection

The giant magnetoresistance (GMR) thin film with spin valve (SV) structure of Ta (2 nm)/Ir20Mn80(10 nm)/Co90Fe10(3 nm)/Cu (2.2 nm)/Co84Fe10B4(10 nm)/Ta (5 nm)] fabricated by RF magnetron sputtering method with a magnetoresistance (MR) of 6% was used in this work. Green synthesis of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) using Moringa Oleifera (MO) leaf extract have been successfully conducted using the coprecipitation method. Fe3O4 MNPs demonstrated the inverse cubic spinel structure with the average crystallite size of 13.8 nm and decreased to 11.8 nm for Fe3O4/PEG. Fe3O4, as a magnetic label, integrated with a Wheatstone bridge-GMR sensor provides access to GMR-based biosensors. The induced-field increase leads the signal (ΔV) to increase with increasing nanoparticle concentration. It was discovered that a sensor can distinguish different types of magnetic labels. The sensitivity for Fe3O4 and MO-green synthesized Fe3O4 magnetic label was 0.04 and 0.1 mV/g/L, respectively. The GMR sensor performed the highest sensitivity on the MO-green synthesized Fe3O4 label. Thus, the SV thin film as a sensor and the green-synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles as a superior magnetic label are an excellent combination for biosensor application.

Assessing the Usefulness of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract as a Biostimulant to Supplement Synthetic Fertilizers: A Review.

The extensive use of synthetic chemical fertilizers is associated with environmental pollution and soil degradation. In addition, the high costs of these fertilizers necessitate the search for alternative, eco-friendly and safe natural sources of phytonutrients. The liquid extracted from moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) leaves has been used in agriculture to improve the growth and productivity of several crops. The efficacy of moringa leaf extract (MLE) is attributed to its high content of mineral nutrients, protein, vitamins, sugars, fiber, phenolics and free proline. In addition, MLE contains significant amounts of phytohormones, such as auxins, cytokinins and gibberellins. Furthermore, MLE is a valuable product promoting seed germination, plant growth and deeper root development, delaying fruit senescence and increasing the yield and quality of crops grown under normal or stressful conditions. Here, we review the research on MLE as a biostimulant to enhance crop growth and productivity. Moreover, we emphasize its possible introduction to smallholder farming systems to provide phytonutrients, and we further highlight research gaps in the existing knowledge regarding MLE application. Generally, MLE is an inexpensive, sustainable, eco-friendly and natural biostimulant that can be used to improve the growth and productivity attributes of various crops under non-stressful and stressful conditions.

Green Synthesised Bismuth Ferrite for PVA-PANI-BFO Polymer-Nanocomposite Membrane: Impacts on Ionic Conductivity with Variation of Relative Humidity

Bismuth ferrite (BFO) nanoparticles were synthesised by an environment-friendly process using the moringa oleifera leaf extract. The synthesised BFO nanoparticles were used as nanofiller to synthesise PVA-PANI-BFO polymernanocomposite membrane. Also, the PVA-PANI polymer membrane was synthesised for a comparative study purpose between PVA-PANI and PVA-PANI-BFO membranes. Both the polymer and polymer-nanocomposite membranes were synthesised by the solution cast technique. The Green synthesised BFO nanoparticles and the synthesised membranes were characterised by spectroscopic techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), RAMAN and fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). XRD patterns confirm the BiFeO3 phase of the synthesised BFO nanoparticles, as well as the existence of PVA, PANI and BFO in the membrane. The Raman spectrum for the synthesised nanoparticles exhibits BFO characteristic bands. The bands of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyaniline (PANI) are also seen for the membranes. FTIR spectrum indicates some phytochemicals as the functional groups in the synthesised BFO nanoparticles. The surface structures of the synthesised membranes were characterised by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Ionic conductivities of the synthesised membranes were calculated by estimating bulk resistance of them from Cole-Cole plots that were obtained with the help of an impedance spectrometer. The conductivities of the membranes change with the relative humidity (RH).

Moringa leaf extract and green algae improve the growth and physiological attributes of Mentha species under salt stress

Climate change, food scarcity, salt stress, and a rapidly growing population are just a few of the major global challenges. The current study examined into whether Moringa oleifera (L.) leaf extract and green algae (Ulva intestinalis) could help improve salt tolerance in Mentha species (Mentha piperita; Mentha longifolia). Moringa leaf extract (MLE) and green algae (GA) were applied to Mentha seedlings under three different salt treatments: 0 mM, 20 mM, 40 mM, 60 mM, and 90 mM, respectively. For each treatment, three biological replicates were conducted, with each replicate containing at least three plants. Mentha species were negatively affected by salt stress in terms of shoot length, fresh and dry weight, photosynthetic pigments, and antioxidant enzyme activities. However, the use of MLE and GA significantly improved the development and physiology of Mentha species under salt stress conditions. The MLE and GA treatments dramatically (p ≤ 0.001) increased SOD activity by 7% and 10%, CAT activity by 16% and 30%, APX activity by 34% and 56%, GPX activity by 12% and 47%, respectively, in Mentha piperita seedlings, which in turn strikingly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity by 6% and 9%, catalase (CAT) activity by 15%, 28% and 44%, 27%, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity by 39% and 60%, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity by 23% and 58%, respectively, in Mentha longifolia seedlings, relative to the control. Aiming to answer questions about the relationship between plant extraction and traditional agricultural methods, this research greatly advances the goal of sustainable development for improving plant productivity by providing a much safer and more environmentally friendly adaptability.

Effect of Dietary Inclusion of Azadirachta indica and Moringa oleifera Leaf Extracts on the Carcass Quality and Fatty Acid Composition of Lambs Fed High Forage Total Mixed Rations.

Simple SummaryFeed additives based on medicinal plants, such as neem and moringa plant extracts, are used to mitigate rumen methane emissions, but data regarding their effects on lamb meat quality are scarce. This study investigated the effects of oral supplementation of neem and moringa leaf extracts on the carcass quality and meat fatty acid composition of lambs. Neem leaf extracts had no effect on carcass fat and meat fatty acid composition. Whereas, Moringa leaf extract improved the meat fatty acid composition of lambs compared to the monensin treatment. There is an increased interest in the use of medicinal plants as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters and as agents for methane production mitigation. This study investigated the effects of Azadirachta indica and Moringa oleifera feed additives on the carcass and meat quality of lambs. Forty South African Mutton Merino lambs, weighing between 29 and 43 kg, were randomly assigned to four treatment groups (n = 10 lambs/treatment) and fed a basal total mixed ration (TMR) containing soybean meal (17%), yellow maize (28%), Alfalfa hay (20%), Eragrostis curvula hay (22.2%), molasses (6.0%), wheat offal (5%), urea (0.8%) and vitamin premix (0.5%) on a DM basis. The dietary treatments: TMR diet (control); TMR diet with A. indica leaf extract (A. indica leaf extract at a dosage of 50 mg per kg of feed: neem); TMR diet with M. oleifera leaf extract (M. oleifera leaf extract at a dosage of 50 mg per kg DM of feed: moringa); TMR diet with monensin (at a dosage of 50 mg monensin sodium per kg of feed: positive control). After an adaptation period of 10 days to the experimental conditions, the lambs from all treatment groups were fed ad libitum with the experimental diets. The lambs were slaughtered at a live weight of 60–65 kg after a 23 week trial period. The plant extract dietary additives had no significant effects on the carcass characteristics of the lambs. In comparison to monensin, supplementing with moringa leaf extracts resulted in a higher proportion of C18:1n9c (45.0% ± 0.57 vs. 40.5% ± 0.80; p < 0.05), total MUFAs (47.3% ± 0.66 vs. 42.6% ± 0.87; p < 0.05), and UFA:SFA ratio (1.01 ± 0.03 vs. 0.85 ± 0.03; p < 0.05), which may be beneficial for human health. Our results suggest that natural feed additives, such as A. indica and M. oleifera leaf extracts, can be included in lamb diets without compromising meat fatty acid composition. The negative economic impacts of such technologies on animal production and farm profitability should not be expected.

Synergistic Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract Alleviates Cadmium Toxicity in Linum usitatissimum: Antioxidants and Physiochemical Studies

Among heavy metals, cadmium (Cd) is one of the toxic metals, which significantly reduce the growth of plants even at a low concentration. Cd interacts with various plant mechanisms at the physiological and antioxidant levels, resulting in decreased plant growth. This research was conducted to exploit the potential of synergistic application of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and Moringa oleifera leaf extract in mitigation of Cd stress in linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) plants. The main aim of this study was to exploit the role of M. oleifera leaf extract and ZnO NPs on Cd-exposed linseed plants. Cd concentrations in the root and shoot of linseed plants decreased after administration of MZnO NPs. Growth parameters of plants, antioxidant system, and physiochemical parameters decreased as the external Cd level increased. The administration of MZnO NPs to the Cd-stressed linseed plant resulted in a significant increase in growth and antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, the antioxidative enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) exhibited a considerable increase in the activity when MZnO NPs were applied to Cd-stressed seedlings. The introduction of MZnO NPs lowered the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the linseed plant grown in Cd-toxic conditions. The NPs decreased electrolyte leakage (EL) in Cd-stressed linseed leaves and roots. It was concluded that synergistic application of ZnO NPs and M. oleifera leaf extract alleviated Cd stress in linseed plants through enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes. It is proposed that role of MZnO NPs may be evaluated for mitigation of numerous abiotic stresses.

Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract Protects C2C12 Myotubes against H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress.

The imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant defense systems leads to macromolecule and tissue damage as a result of cellular oxidative stress. This phenomenon is considered a key factor in fatigue and muscle damage following chronic or high-intensity physical exercise. In the present study, the antioxidant effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MOLE) was evaluated in C2C12 myotubes exposed to an elevated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) insult. The capacity of the extract to influence the myotube redox status was evaluated through an analysis of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione homeostasis (GSH and GSSG), total free thiols (TFT), and thioredoxin (Trx) activity, as well as the enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and transferase (GST). Moreover, the ability of MOLE to mitigate the stress-induced peroxidation of lipids and oxidative damage (TBARS and protein carbonyls) was also evaluated. Our data demonstrate that MOLE pre-treatment mitigates the highly stressful effects of H2O2 in myotubes (1 mM) by restoring the redox status (TFT, Trx, and GSH/GSSG ratio) and increasing the antioxidant enzymatic system (CAT, SOD, GPx, GST), thereby significantly reducing the TBARs and PrCAR levels. Our study provides evidence that MOLE supplementation has antioxidant potential, allowing myotubes better able to cope with an oxidative insult and, therefore, could represent a useful nutritional strategy for the preservation of muscle well-being.

Penambahan Sari Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera) terhadap Uji Organoleptik dan Daya Simpan Selai Buah Naga Merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus)

Red dragon fruit is an immigrant fruit that is liked by many people because it has content and properties that are quite good for health. The production of red dragon fruit from year to year will increase, so that at harvest time the price will drop drastically from usual. On the other hand, red dragon fruit cannot be stored for too long, so in this study an attempt was made to make jam from red dragon fruit flesh mixed with Moringa leaf extract. Moringa leaf extract used has tannin compounds that are useful in food products to extend the shelf life of a food. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding Moringa leaf extract (Moringa oleifera) on organoleptic tests and the shelf life of red dragon fruit jam (Hylocereus polyrhizus). This study used a randomized block design (RAK) consisting of 6 treatments with 4 replications, with different concentrations of Moringa leaf extract, namely (K = 0 ml, P1 = 5 ml, P2 = 15 ml, P3 = 25 ml, P4 = 30 ml, P5 = 50 ml. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the organoleptic test results of red dragon fruit jam (Hylocereus polyrhizus) had an effect on the level of aroma and taste, but had no effect on the color level of the jam. The shelf-life test of red dragon fruit jam (Hylocereus polyrhizus) was able to persisted for 4 days, after the 5th day some of the treatment samples were found to be moldy and after the 7th day almost all red dragon fruit jams were found to be moldy with the number of fungi growing more and more, so that the addition of Moringa oleifera leaf extract was not able to prolong the durability save the red dragon fruit jam (Hylocereus polyrhizus).

Development of active edible coatings based on fish gelatin enriched with Moringa oleifera extract: Application in fish (Mustelus mustelus) fillet preservation.

An edible coating was developed using gelatin extracted from the skin of gray triggerfish (Balistes capriscus) and applied to the fillet of the smooth-hound shark (Mustelus mustelus). Moringa oleifera leaf extract was added to gelatin coating solution to improve its preservative properties. The phenolic profiles and antioxidant and antibacterial activities of M. oleifera extracts were determined. Phenolic acids constituted the largest group representing more than 77% of the total compounds identified in the ethanol/water (MOE/W) extract, among which the quinic acid was found to be the major one (31.48 mg/g extract). The MOE/W extract presented the highest DPPH• scavenging activity (IC50=0.53 ± 0.02 mg/ml) and reducing (Fe3+) power (EC0.5=0.57 ± 0.02 mg/ml), as well as interesting inhibition zones (20-35 mm) for the most tested strains. Coating by 3% of gelatin solution significantly reduced most deterioration indices during chilled storage, such as malondialdehyde (MDA), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), weight loss, pH, and mesophilic, psychrophilic, lactic, and H2S-producing bacterial counts. Interestingly, coating with gelatin solution containing MOE/W extract at 20 μg/ml was more effective than gelatin applied alone. Compared with the uncoated sample, gelatin-MOE/W coating reduced the weight loss and MDA content by 26% and 70% after 6 days of storage, respectively. Texture analysis showed that the strength of uncoated fillet increased by 46%, while the strength of fillet coated with gelatin-MOE/W only increased by 12% after 6 days of storage. Fish fillet coated with gelatin-MOE/W had the highest sensory scores in terms of odor, color, and overall acceptability throughout the study period.

Can Moringa Leaf Spray Treatment Increase the Nutraceutical Properties of Radish Baby Leaf?

Among the ready-to-use products, baby leaf salads (both raw and cooked), especially those belonging to the Brassicaceae family, represent a very interesting food typology, with nutraceutical properties. Recently, to obtain products with lower levels of synthetic chemicals and to improve nutritional quality, attention has been paid to the use of natural biostimulants such as Moringa oleifera Lam. In this study, the aim was to investigate the effect of applying this natural biostimulant, at 15, 30, and 45 days from sowing, by spraying seedlings of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) each morning with Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MLE) at doses of 1:40 and 1:30 L−1 until dripping. Different morphological, physiological, and chemical parameters were determined. At harvesting time, the fresh biomass, total leaf area, and unit leaf area showed progressive increases as the dose of MLE was increased, while there were no significant difference in the dry biomass among the treatments. The quantum yield of PSII showed a significant increase in response to MLE treatments. The contents of chlorophylls and carotenoids were higher in both MLE treatments as compared with those of the control plants. The antioxidant capacity (DPPH) was not influenced by MLE treatment, while the influence was significant for total phenolic content (TPC). No significant differences were observed for the total sugar content, while the highest concentration of ascorbic acid was found with both MLE treatments; the MLE treatments did not modify the nitrate content. Therefore, MLE treatment showed a positive influence, although further studies are necessary to individuate the better doses and treatment modalities to improve the characteristics of radish baby leaf.

Low-cost production and healthy preservation of malt drink using Melkassa-7 and Moringa oleifera leaf extract

Currently, there has been an increased interest in the beverage industry to produce gluten-free, low-alcohol drinks with increased shelf life. Maize is a widely grown and most versatile cereal to produce cost effective brewery products by replacing its conventional raw material, barley. In this present study a non-toxic and low-cost nutritious malt drink was prepared using Melkassa-7 (yellow maize) and is preserved using a novel, healthy, and eco-friendly preservative extracted from Moringa oleifera. The quality of the selected cereal was estimated in terms of proximate analysis and its malting properties was expressed as thousand kernel weight, malting loss, germination capacity and energy. The mashing process was optimized and a robust model was developed. The final malt drinks were formulated with 5%, 10%, and 15% of the preservative. The physio-chemical analysis of the three drinks was performed and verified with the standards. Anti-microbial effect and shelf life were estimated using three important spoilage microbes, yeast, coliforms, and Escherichia coli. Further, sensory characteristics were tested using a panel of six professional tasters from Dashen brewery. Finally, as prepared product was compared with Luse, a standard product of Dashen brewery.

Biosynthesis of Palladium Nanoparticles from Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract Supported on Activated Bentonite Clay and Its Efficacy Towards Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling and Oxidation Reaction

Biosynthesis of Palladium Nanoparticles from Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract Supported on Activated Bentonite Clay and Its Efficacy Towards Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling and Oxidation Reaction

Interaction of Bioactive Compounds of Moringa oleifera Leaves with SARS-CoV-2 Proteins to Combat COVID-19 Pathogenesis: a Phytochemical and In Silico Analysis.

Novel SARS-CoV-2 claimed a large number of human lives. The main proteins for viral entry into host cells are SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (PDB ID: 6VYB) and spike receptor-binding domain bound with ACE2 (spike RBD-ACE2; PDB ID: 6M0J). Currently, specific therapies are lacking globally. This study was designed to investigate the bioactive components from Moringa oleifera leaf (MOL) extract by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) and their binding interactions with spike glycoprotein and spike RBD-ACE2 protein through computational analysis. GC–MS-based analysis unveiled the presence of thirty-seven bioactive components in MOL extract, viz. polyphenols, fatty acids, terpenes/triterpenes, phytosterols/steroids, and aliphatic hydrocarbons. These bioactive phytoconstituents showed potential binding with SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and spike RBD-ACE2 protein through the AutoDock 4.2 tool. Further by using AutoDock 4.2 and AutoDock Vina, the top sixteen hits (binding energy ≥ − 6.0 kcal/mol) were selected, and these might be considered as active biomolecules. Moreover, molecular dynamics simulation was determined by the Desmond module. Interestingly two biomolecules, namely β-tocopherol with spike glycoprotein and β-sitosterol with spike RBD-ACE2, displayed the best interacting complexes and low deviations during 100-ns simulation, implying their strong stability and compactness. Remarkably, both β-tocopherol and β-sitosterol also showed the drug- likeness with no predicted toxicity. In conclusion, these findings suggested that both compounds β-tocopherol and β-sitosterol may be developed as anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs. The current findings of in silico approach need to be optimized using in vitro and clinical studies to prove the effectiveness of phytomolecules against SARS-CoV-2.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12010-022-04040-1.

Effect of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract on Excision Wound Infections in Rats: Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Gene Expression Analysis.

The present study investigated the wound healing activity of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on an infected excision wound model in rats. Infection was induced using methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. An investigation was also done to study the effect of Moringa extract on the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) gene expression in vitro using human keratinocytes (HaCaT). The methanol extract of M. oleifera leaves was analyzed for the presence of phytochemicals by LCMS. The antimicrobial activity of the extract was also determined. Wound contraction, days for epithelization, antioxidant enzyme activities, epidermal height, angiogenesis, and collagen deposition were studied. M. oleifera showed an antimicrobial effect and significantly improved wound contraction, reduced epithelization period, increased antioxidant enzymes activity, and reduced capillary density. Effect of the extract was less in wounds infected with P. aeruginosa when compared to MRSA. The VEGF and TGF-β1 gene expression was increased by M. oleifera.

Starch-Based Hydrogel Nanoparticles Loaded with Polyphenolic Compounds of Moringa Oleifera Leaf Extract Have Hepatoprotective Activity in Bisphenol A-Induced Animal Models.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an xenoestrogenic chemical used extensively in the fabrication of baby bottles, reusable plastic water bottles and polycarbonate plastic containers. The current study aims to investigate the hepatoprotective activity of Moringa oleifera Lam leaf extract (MOLE) and hydrogel NPs made of starch-MOLE-Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) against Bisphenol A-induced liver toxicity in male rats. Fabrication and characterization of hydrogel NPs formed of starch-MOLE-BSA were investigated using FTIR, TEM, zeta potential, UV-visible spectroscopy and fluorescence spectrophotometer. The potential efficacy of hydrogel NPs was studied. Compared to the results of control, the level of liver function, oxidative stress markers and lipid profile status were remodulated in the groups treated with MOLE and hydrogel NPs (Encap. MOLE). Meanwhile, the administration of MOLE and Encap MOLE significantly increased antioxidant activity and decreased the level of apoptotic pathways. Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 and growth arrest -DNA damage-inducible gene 45b (Gadd45b) were also regulated in the groups treated with MOLE and Encap. MOLE compared to the group which received BPA alone. In the present study, MOLE and hydrogel NPs led to remarkable alterations in histological changes during BPA administration. Overall, MOLE has a potential antioxidant activity which can be used in the treatment of liver disorders.

Phyto-assisted Preparation of Fe2O3 Nanoflowers and Their Antimicrobial Studies

Synthetic protocols for the preparation of nanomaterials chemically are expensive, too much time taking and unfriendly to the environment, therefore, phyto-assisted approach has the potential to be a promising alternative strategy for the synthesis of nanomaterials. Herein, Fe2O3 with nanoflower-like architecture (Fe2O3 NFs) was prepared using Moringa oleifera leaf extract, and characterized by employing several analytical techniques. The antimicrobial activity of the prepared Fe2O3 NFs was evaluated against the bacteria viz. Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli by using the serial dilution method. The results suggested that Fe2O3 NFs possess comparable antimicrobial activity comparable with streptomycin against the used pathogens.

A Review on the Antidiabetic Properties of Moringa oleifera Extracts: Focusing on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation as Main Therapeutic Targets.

Moringa oleifera is one of the popular plants that have shown significant health benefits. Certainly, preclinical evidence (predominantly from animal models) summarized in the current review supports the beneficial effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts in combating the prominent characteristic features of diabetes mellitus. This includes effective control of blood glucose or insulin levels, enhancement of insulin tissue sensitivity, improvement of blood lipid profiles, and protecting against organ damage under sustained conditions of hyperglycemia. Interestingly, as major complications implicated in the progression of diabetes, including organ damage, Moringa oleifera leaf and seed extracts could efficiently block the detrimental effects of oxidative stress and inflammation in these preclinical models. Notably, these extracts (especially leaf extracts) showed enhanced effects in strengthening intracellular antioxidant defences like catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione to lower lipid peroxidation products and reduce prominent pro-inflammatory markers such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (1L)-β, IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and nitric oxide synthase. From animal models of diabetes, the common and effective dose of leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera was 100–300 mg/kg, within the treatment duration of 2–8 weeks. Whereas supplementation with approximately 20 g leaf powder of Moringa oleifera for at least 2 weeks could improve postprandial blood glucose in subjects with prediabetes or diabetes. Although limited clinical studies have been conducted on the antidiabetic properties of Moringa oleifera, current findings provide an important platform for future research directed at developing this plant as a functional food to manage diabetic complications.