Oleifera Extract Research Articles

Neuroprotective Effects of Moringa Oleifera Extract Against Cobalt Chloride-Induced Oxidative Damage in the Cerebellum of Male Wistar Rats

Cobalt is an essential cofactor in the body, found in nutrients like vitamin B12. It has been reported that occupational exposure to cobalt chloride leads to neurodegeneration. Presently, neurodegenerative diseases have remains problems of global health concern which necessitates the search for appropriate treatment. Moringa olefeira has been shown to possess great amount of flavonoid which established its neuroprotective potential but there is a dearth of information on its effects on Cobalt chloride induced neurotoxicity. Aims: This study evaluated the effects of Moringa olefeira ethanol extract on cobalt chloride-induced cerebellar cortex damage on adult male Wistar rats. Study Design: Sixty male Wistar rats weighing between 120g-150g were randomly separated into six groups of ten animals each. Group A (Control): served as control Group B: administered 50 mg/kg cobalt chloride Group C: administered 50mg/kg cobalt chloride and treated with 200 mg/kg Moringa extract Group D: administered 50 mg/kg cobalt chloride and treated with 400 mg/kg Moringa extract Group E and F: were administered 200 mg/kg and 400mg/kg of Moringa extract respectively. Place and Duration of Study: Department of anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo state Nigeria. Between January 2024 and June 2024. Methodology: The body weight of the experimental animals were taken weekly and at the 51st day of the experiment the animal were euthanized, the cerebellum was taken out, separated into two halve and one section was homogenized for biomedical analysis lipid peroxide (MDA) and glutathione (GSH)] while the other half was fixed in formal calcium and processed further for histological study staining with Hematoxylin and Eosin stain Results: The result revealed insignificant decrease (P=.07) in body weight of Group B (cobalt only treated group) conversely, the body weight increased significantly (P=.01) with groups C, D and E when compared to control, Biochemical analysis shows significant increase (p>.01) in MDA level of group B while there was a significant decreased in group C and D compared to control whereas the levels of GSH decreased significantly (p=.01) in Group B and increased significant in Group C and D compared with group A, Histological observation shows normal histo-morphology of group A,E and F, Cortical neurodegenerative changes was seen in Group B, while group C and D showed preserved cerebellar histo-architecture. Conclusion: According to this study, Moringa oleifera ethanol leaves extract has potential Ameliorative effect on cobalt chloride induced cerebellar neurodegeneration in male adult Wistar rats.

Molecular assessment of NMDAR subunits and neuronal apoptosis in the trigeminal ganglion in a model of male migraine-induced rats following Moringa oleifera alcoholic extract administration.

Migraine, a common disorder marked by severe and repetitive headaches, has been linked to the involvement of the NMDA receptor (NMDAR), a receptor responsible for glutamate signaling. Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera), recognized for its anti-inflammatory properties and therapeutic potential in various conditions, has been investigated. This study aims to assess the efficacy and precise mechanisms of M. oleifera for the treatment of migraine, for which evidence is limited. Rats were stratified into four distinct groups. The control group did not undergo the migraine-induction protocol. Post-induction, the "sumatriptan" group was administered sumatriptan injections, the "treatment" group received oral M. oleifera extract, and the "vehicle" group was provided with oral solvent treatment. Behavioral evaluations encompassing Von Frey's and hot plate assessments, in addition to qPCR analysis targeting Nr2a, Nr2b, Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3, were conducted. Von Fery's and hot plate tests revealed a notable decrease in triggering pressure and temperature within the vehicle group when compared to the other groups (both ps < 0.001). The Nr2a expression levels in both the vehicle and treatment cohorts exhibited significantly higher values than those observed in the control group (p < 0.001, p = 0.001) and the sumatriptan group (p < 0.001, p = 0.002). Conversely, no substantial alterations in Nr2b or Bcl-2 expression levels were observed across the study groups (p = 0.404, p = 0.976). Notably, heightened expressions of Caspase-3 and Bax were evident in the vehicle group relative to the other groups (p = 0.013, p = 0.010). Moringa oleifera extract appears to mitigate symptoms of migraine by inhibiting apoptosis, suggesting potential efficacy in migraine treatment; however, additional research investigating a wider range of pathways is necessary. Not applicable.

Contribution to the corrosion inhibition of aluminum by aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera in 2 M HCl

The anti-corrosion properties of Moringa oleifera extract (MOE) have been extensively studied for Al in two molar HCl solution using a variety of techniques, including atomic force microscopy, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and weight loss analysis. According to the study, the inhibitory efficiency (% IE) increases with extract dose but decreases with temperature rise from 25 to 40 °C. The highest 90.1 percent inhibitory efficiency was achieved at 25 °C extract dosage of 300 ppm. MOE functions as a mixed-type inhibitor, affecting both anodic and cathodic processes, according to PDP research. The double layer capacitance (Ceff) declines from 214 to 56 µFcm−2 and the charge transfer resistance (Rct) increases from 3.1 to 27.2 sΩ cm2 with increasing MOE dose, as demonstrated by the Nyquist plot. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm is followed by MOE's adsorption on Al surfaces. The AFM and FTIR measurements corroborate MOE's adsorption on the Al surface. Based on the findings, it can be said that MOE can be utilized as a green inhibitor to reduce metal corrosion in harsh environments.

Cardioprotective Potential of Moringa Oleifera Leaf Extract Loaded Niosomes Nanoparticles - Against Doxorubicin Toxicity In Rats.

Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most potent anticancer drugs that has ubiquitous usage in oncology; however, its marked adverse effects, such as cardiotoxicity, are still a major clinical issue. Plant extracts have shown cardioprotective effects and reduced the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The current study is intended to explore the cardioprotective effect of ethanolic Moringa oleifera extracts (MOE) leaves loaded into niosomes (MOE-NIO) against DOXinduced cardiotoxicity in rats. MOE niosomes nanoparticles (NIO-NPs) were prepared and characterized by TEM. Seventy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups: control, NIO, DOX, DOX+MOE, DOX+MOE-NIO, MOE+DOX, and MOE-NIO+DOX. DOX (4 mg/kg, IP) was injected once per week for 4 weeks with daily administration of MOE or MOENIO (250 mg/kg, PO) for 4 weeks; in the sixth and seventh groups, MOE or MOE-NIO (250 mg/kg, PO) was administered one week before DOX injection. Various parameters were assessed in serum and cardiac tissue. Pre and co-treatment with MOE-NIO have mitigated the cardiotoxicity induced by DOX as indicated by serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase - MB(CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cardiac Troponin 1(cTn1) and lipid profile. MOE-NIO also alleviated lipid peroxidation (MDA), nitrosative status (NO), and inflammatory markers levels; myeloperoxidase (MPO) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) obtained in DOX-treated animals. Additionally, ameliorated effects have been recorded in glutathione content and superoxide dismutase activity. MOE-NIO effectively neutralized the DOXupregulated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 MAPK), and DOX-downregulated nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expressions in the heart. It is concluded that pre and co-treatment with MOE-NIO could protect the heart against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by suppressing numerous pathways including oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis and by the elevation of tissue antioxidant status. Thus, it may be reasonable to suggest that pre and co-treatment with MOE-NIO can provide a potential cardioprotective effect when doxorubicin is used in the management of carcinoma.

Identification of Chlorogenic Acids from Moringa oleifera Leaves as Modulators of Prion Aggregation Using Affinity Selection-Mass Spectrometry.

Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders caused by the misfolding and aggregation of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) into its pathogenic form (PrPSc), leading to progressive neurodegeneration. Currently, no effective treatments are available, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic strategies. In this study, we explored the potential of Moringa oleifera extracts as a source of bioactive compounds that could modulate prion protein aggregation. A hydroethanolic extract from M. oleifera leaves was analyzed using PrP aggregation inhibition profiling via real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) assays, in combination with affinity selection-mass spectrometry (AS-MS). This approach identified chlorogenic and neochlorogenic acids as potent inhibitors of prion aggregation. These compounds exhibited significant antiprion activity, with IC50 values of 64.41 ± 12.12 and 35.34 ± 7.09 μM, respectively. In addition to inhibiting the conversion of PrPC to PrPSc, both compounds could disaggregate preformed PrPSc fibrils in vitro. AS-MS proved to be a valuable tool for isolating the modulators of PrP aggregation directly from crude natural product extracts, avoiding the need for expensive and time-consuming fractionation and purification processes. Identifying chlorogenic and neochlorogenic acids highlights the therapeutic potential of natural products in combating prion diseases and other amyloidogenic disorders. Our findings suggest that these bioactive compounds could serve as promising lead compounds for developing novel treatments for prion diseases. Further in vivo studies and pharmacokinetic optimization are warranted to explore their full therapeutic potential.

The Potential of Natural Products in Metabolic Disease Management: A Thorough Exploration of the Case of Uganda.

As Ugandans grapple with an increase in metabolic diseases, researchers are turning to their rich tradition of natural remedies. This review explores promising plants, such as Moringa oleifera, bridging the gap between the wisdom of Ugandan healers and modern science. Although these plants show potential, challenges remain. Many lack rigorous testing, standardized extracts, and long-term safety data. To unlock their true potential, a multipronged approach is needed. First, well-designed clinical trials are crucial to bringing together traditional healers and modern researchers. Imagine a Ugandan pharmacist precisely measuring a Moringa oleifera extract - this standardization ensures consistent results for future patients. Second, researchers need to delve deeper into how these plants influence the body. Finally, long-term safety studies are essential, especially when combined with medications. By following these steps, researchers can unleash the true power of Ugandan natural products. This empowers Ugandans to take control of their health. Future exploration of lesser-known plants and culturally sensitive education programs can further equip Ugandans on their way to well-being.

Evaluation of Moringa Oleifera Leaf Extract for its In vitro Antibacterial Properties, Mechanism of Action, and In vivo Corneal Ulcer Healing Effects in Rabbits' Eyes.

M. oleifera is the most adapted tree species in different medicinal eco-systems and has resilience against climate changes. This multiple-use tree provides healthy foods, snacks, honey, and fuel. Besides this, it has immense promising applications by offering antimicrobial and antibacterial activities for targeted uses. This validates the court of Hippocrates that let food be the medicine and medicine be the food for which moringa qualifies. The objective of this study is to assess the antioxidant properties of M. oleifera, in vitro antibacterial activity of hydro-ethanolic extract, and further investigate in vivo healing potential of M. oleifera for corneal ulcers and in silico analysis. To evaluate the antioxidant and in vitro antibacterial potency of the hydro-ethanolic extract of M. oleifera on clinically isolated multidrug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus using agar well diffusion assay. Furthermore, in vivo, healing response of M. oleifera extract was analysed on corneal ulcers induced in rabbit eyes infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The M. oleifera extract exhibited exponential antioxidant activity. In-vitro antibacterial activity was evaluated by agar well diffusion assay showing zone of inhibition ranging from 11.05 ± 0.36 to 20 ± 0.40 mm at concentrations of 20, 40, 80, and 160 mg/ml, whereas, in our finding, no zone of inhibition was observed below 20 mg/ml concentration, which indicated that there is threshold limit below which the antibacterial activity of M. oleifera extract is not observed. Furthermore, continuous application of 3% and 5% M. oleifera extract (eye drop) four times a day for 14 consecutive days showed a significant healing response of the eyes of rabbits with corneal ulcers. These results suggest that M. oleifera extract could be a viable alternative or in combination could be used in existing antibacterial therapies for corneal ulcers. Additionally, there is a possibility of commercial formulation of M. oleifera extract in the form of deliverable pharmaceutical products; therefore, it should be explored further.

Light scattering study of algal floc growth and structure: alum vs. polymeric plant-derived flocculant.

The flocculation dynamics of Microcystis aeruginosa algal cultures using alum and aqueous Moringa oleifera seed extracts as flocculants were analyzed through light scattering and fractal analysis. Floc growth in continuously stirred M. aeruginosa suspensions, with cell densities ranging from 200 to 800 μg L-1 chlorophyll a (Chl a), exhibited distinct patterns in fractal dimension (dF) evolution relative to floc size: a smooth, monotonic increase; stochastic increase; and stabilization or leveling off. dF values ranged from 1.3 to 2.6, with floc diameters (D4,3 volume-weighted mean) spanning 30 to 300 μm. Alum (0.1 to 0.4 g L-1) induced fast diffusion-limited flocculation, initially producing lower dF values, which progressively increased due to structural rearrangement at a slower rate. In contrast, at sufficiently high concentrations (0.1 to 0.2 g L-1 BSA equivalent), M. oleifera seed proteins facilitated stable, high dF ≈ 2.0 early on, evidently through patch charge interactions. Flocs formed with alum were prone to shear-induced breakage, limiting both their size and stability, whereas M. oleifera extract produced larger, more stable flocs with greater resilience to shear due to robust particle network formation by the polymer. Both flocculants effectively treated 800 μg L-1 Chl a M. aeruginosa suspensions, but M. oleifera extract demonstrated better performance in terms of floc size at similar mass concentrations. These findings highlight the potential of Moringa seed extract as a sustainable and effective alternative to conventional flocculants like alum, offering insights into their mechanisms and performance in flocculation processes.

Enhanced anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of nanoparticles loaded with a combination of Aloe vera-Moringa oleifera extracts.

Metabolic associated steatohepatitis characterized by lipid accumulation, inflammation and fibrosis, is a growing global health issue, contributing to severe liver-related mortality. With limited effective treatments available, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. Moringa oleifera, rich in antioxidants, offers potential for combating steatohepatitis, but its cytotoxicity presents challenges. Aloe vera, renowned for its cytocompatibility and anti-inflammatory effects, shows promise in mitigating these risks. Using infrared spectrometry and mass spectrometry, we identified 1586 metabolites from both plants across 84 chemical classes. By encapsulating these phytochemicals in nanoparticles, we achieved increased solubility, cytocompatibility, and gene modulation to hepatic stellate cells affected by steatohepatitis. Chemoinformatic analysis revealed bioactive metabolites, including hesperetin analogs, known to inhibit TGF-β. Our results demonstrate that these nanoparticles not only improved gene expression modulation related to metabolic associated steatohepatitis, particularly TGF-β and COL1A1, but also outperformed free compounds, highlighting their potential as a novel therapeutic approach.

THE EFFICACY OF Moringa oleifera EXTRACT AS A BIOFUNGICIDE ON THE FUSARIUM WILT OF TOMATO (Solanum lycopersicum)

Fungi cause a lot of ruin of agricultural crops leading to negative impact on economy and health risks to consumers due to the toxin produced by the fungi. Bio-control using plant extracts is an ecofriendly and a promising method engaged in controlling pathogenic fungi. Screenhouse experiment was conducted to study the efficacy of Moringa oleifera as a bio-fungicide for managing Fusarium oxysporium wilt of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) at the department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science of Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State. The main objective of the study was to investigate the potential of aqueous M. oleifera extract as bio-control agent in controlling wilt of tomato and to determine the M. oleifera concentration that is most effective against the pathogen under screenhouse condition. The plants were treated for 10 weeks with different concentrations of M. oleifera (25%, 50%, 75%)while water served as the control.The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design (RBD) and designed as PLOT (1, 2, 3 and 4) with four (4) replicates. The investigated growth and yield parameters include shoot height, number of leaves, leaf length and leaf width, number of flowers and number of fruits. Allthe data collected were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the results revealed that the use of M. oleifera extract was very effective in suppressing F. oxysporium in tomato. The average total yield per time was obtained in tomato plants treated with 75% M. oleifera extract, followed by those treated with 25% and 50% extracts respectively, while the lowest was observed from the control plants.

Evaluation of Anti-depressant Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Moringa oleifera Leaves in Mice

The use of Moringa oleifera in the food preparations can help to meet the future demands of nutraceuticals and functional foods. The present work is aimed to evaluate the antidepressant activity of ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera Leaves (EEMOL) in mice. The overnight fasted mice will be divided into 04 groups, each group consisting of 06 animals. The EEMOL will be given in various doses (10, 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg ) by oral route with a gavage. After administration of the extract, the animal will be observed continuously for the first 2 hours and at 24 hrs to detect changes in behavioral responses and also for tremors, convulsion, salivation, diarrhea, lethargy, sleep, and coma and also will be monitored up to 14 days for the toxic symptoms and mortality. The mice of Moringa oleifera extract (300 &amp; 600 mg/kg/p.o) treated group showed significantly (p&lt;0.05) increased in body weight, feed intake and body water intake as compared to the control group. Treatment with Fluoxetine (10 mg/kg p.o.) the body weight, feed intake and body water intake significantly increased as compared to normal group. The observation of this study suggests that Moringa Oleifera has antidepressant activity. In conclusion, Moringa oleifera extracts possess a broad spectrum of activity against a panel of factors responsible for the most common psychosis diseases. Keywords: Anti-depressant Activity, Ethanolic Extract of Moringa oleifera Leaves, Fluoxetine

Treatment of oxidative damage caused by valproic acid in tongue tissue with ethanolic Moringa oleifera leaves extract and prediction of potential bioactive molecules with molecular docking.

Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) is a popular medicinal plant that has become a wide research area in recent years due to its detected biological effects and its bioactive compounds. Valproic acid (VPA) is a medication used in the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorder and high doses or prolonged use of VPA can result in oxidative stress in cells. Since M. oleifera has high biological activities and contains many bioactive compounds, it is necessary to understand whether it plays a role in reducing oxidative damage, especially that caused VPA. The relationship between VPA and tongue tissue needs to be investigated, since VPA has negative effects on oral health and it is known that tongue tissue plays an important role in the continuity of oral health. In the present study, 3.0-3.5month-old female Sprague Dawley rats (160-250g) were divided into four groups (Control, Moringa, VPA, VPA + M), and VPA was administered via gavage. The aim was to understand the protective/preventive effects of ethanolic M. oleifera leaves extract against oxidative stress through biochemical parameters. Additionally, molecular docking studies were conducted on niazicin-A, niazimin-A, and niazimin-B found in M. oleifera leaves based on in vivo results. The results indicate that M. oleifera extract treats oxidative damage to the tongue tissue, and niazimin-A and niazimin-B particularly show high binding affinities to myeloperoxidase (MPO) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzymes. Further studies may suggest that the use of M. oleifera leaves extract with VPA could prevent potential negative effects on tongue tissue.

Moringa oleifera extract in decreasing disease activity for patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Moringa oleifera extract in decreasing disease activity for patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Application of Eco-Friendly MnFe2O4/TiO2 Nanocomposites for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue

Methylene blue (MB) is a dye commonly utilized in the textile sector. Methylene Blue is an organic compound that readily dissolves in water, facilitating its transport with industrial liquid waste. Due to its non-biodegradable nature, it causes environmental pollution, especially in water sources. The study simulates industrial dye degradation using the green-synthesized MnFe2O4/TiO2 nanocomposites with Moringa Oleifera extract, using varying mass masses for photocatalytic tests. The co-precipitation method was employed to produce magnetic nanoparticles at the nanoscale. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed a crystalline size of 13.3 nm, while the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy validated the existence of Mn-O, Fe-O, and Ti-O functional groups at wave numbers of 439.1 cm-1, 587.1 cm-1, and 586.8 cm-1, respectively, confirming the successful synthesis of the MnFe2O4/TiO2 nanocomposite. The band gap of the nanocomposite was determined to be 2.9 eV. Using UV light, the photocatalytic process successfully degraded the methylene blue, achieving a 99.9% reduction within 20 minutes, with the optimal mass being 0.02 grams. Additionally, the MnFe2O4/TiO2 nanocomposite demonstrated reusability due to its ease of separation from the reaction solution.

Biological properties of Moringa oleifera: A systematic review of the last decade

Background The growing incidence of chronic diseases such as cancer and the emergence of drug-resistant microorganisms constitute one of the greatest health challenges of the 21st century. Therefore, it is critical to search for new therapeutic alternatives. Moringa oleifera is a plant well known for the properties of its phytocomponents and its role has been analyzed in a variety of fields, from medicine to biotechnology. Methods In this work, the biological activity of Moringa oleifera in human health was explored through a review of 129 original articles published between 2010 and 2021 related to antitumor activity and its potential uses against chronic and infectious diseases. Results Moringa oleifera extracts showed antioxidant, hypoglycemic, antihypertensive and cytoprotective properties at neuronal, hepatic, renal and cardiac levels. Besides, cytotoxic effects, apoptotic and antiploriferative activity against several cancer cell lines has been demonstrated. On the other hand, the antimicrobial potential of M. oleifera was also evidenced, especially against multidrug-resistant strains. Conclusions Hence, it is supported that there is a wide range of clinical entities in which Moringa oleifera exhibits significant biological activity that could contribute to counteracting metabolic, infectious and chronic diseases in a similar or improved way to the drugs traditionally used.

Extraction, Characterization, and Utilization of Moringa Oleifera Extract in Textile Wet Processes

Extraction, Characterization, and Utilization of Moringa Oleifera Extract in Textile Wet Processes

Development of a Reliable Assay of Eco-friendly Fe3O4@Ag Nanocomposite-Based Giant Magnetoresistance Sensor

For the development of green magnetic-based immunoassay devices, the rapid and reliable assay method of eco-friendly magnetic labels with a lower energy requirement is vital. This work proposes a green-synthesized Fe3O4@Ag magnetic label assay system using GMR chips and a simple microcontroller-based data acquisition tool. Optical analysis shows the successful synthesis of Fe3O4@Ag with the assistance of Moringa oleifera (MO) extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Meanwhile, according to characterization, MO-assisted green-synthesized Fe3O4@Ag nanocomposites feature cubic inverse spinel structures and ferromagnetic characteristics that possess multi-domain structures. The sensor system generates an intense signal, varying from tens to hundreds of millivolts, allowing for its detection using a simple microcontroller system. The sensor exhibits a stable and reliable response to the increase in the concentration of Fe3O4@Ag nanocomposite, even though it is subjected to weak magnetic field induction. Furthermore, the introduction of Ag on the surface of Fe3O4 nanoparticles succeeded in optimizing the detection features, as evidenced by the lower limit of detection compared to detecting the bare Fe3O4. The GMR-based sensor, featuring a simple microcontroller structure and an eco-friendly Fe3O4@Ag nanocomposite as a magnetic label, exhibits significant potential as a rapid and reliable green biosensor that is power-efficient.

Ready-to-Drink Functional Drink Formulation of Black Mulberry (Morus Nigra) Fruit Extract with The Addition of Moringa Leaf (Moringa Oleifera) Extract Using D-Optimal Expert Design

Ready-to-Drink Functional Drink Formulation of Black Mulberry (Morus Nigra) Fruit Extract with The Addition of Moringa Leaf (Moringa Oleifera) Extract Using D-Optimal Expert Design

Novel green synthesis approach of Fe3O4-MSN/Ag nanocomposite using moringa oleifera extract for magnetic hyperthermia applications

Cancer is a major global health problem, and finding effective treatments is a challenging task. Magnetic hyperthermia is one of the promising alternative cancer treatments because the heat generated is localized and safe for healthy cells. Magnetite (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticles are commonly used as heat generating materials. This study focuses on the development of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles through green synthesis using Moringa oleifera extract. Fe₃O₄ is coated with silver nanoparticles using mesoporous silica. Silver (Ag) nanoparticles are used because of their biocompatibility while mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) because of their ability to carry other agents and their relatively low toxicity. X-ray diffraction revealed that the addition of Ag reduced the average crystallite size of the Fe₃O₄-MSN/Ag composite to around 15.7–16.1 nm, with an average particle size of 21.3 nm. The presence of magnetite and silver was confirmed by electron microscopy techniques. Magnetic tests showed that the composite had a saturation magnetization of about 10 emu/g. Heat generation tests showed that the composite could increase the temperature by more than 5 °C, exceeding the minimum temperature required for effective hyperthermia treatment, with a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 1.59 W/g at a field strength of 150 Oe and a frequency of 20 kHz. The effective SAR value obtained is almost 5 times greater compared to commercial Fe₃O₄. In vitro cytotoxicity tests utilize NIH3T3 fibroblasts showed that Fe₃O₄-MSN/Ag was non-toxic. These results indicate that this magnetic nanocomposite has significantly improved structural, optical, magnetic, and thermal properties, making it a promising candidate for cancer hyperthermia treatment.

Symbiotic sheep milk cheese containing Moringa oleifera extract and Bifidobacterium pseudolongum INIA P2

Healthy non-bovine functional dairy products are reaching high interest among consumers. In the present study, an aqueous polyphenol-rich Moringa oleifera extract (MoE) and a Bifidobacterium strain of human origin (B. pseudolongum INIA P2) were added, alone or in combination, for the manufacture of three experimental and one control sheep milk cheeses. In general, addition of 2.05 g of lyophilized MoE per 100 g of curd did not affect cheese dry matter or lactococci starter counts during ripening. B. pseudolongum INIA P2 showed good viability in cheese during ripening, and after simulated major gastrointestinal conditions, reaching levels above 7 log CFU / g of cheese. Cheeses with MoE showed lower pH, higher proteolysis and aminopeptidase activity than control cheese. MoE impoved functional properties, significantly (P < 0.01) increasing total phenolic content (TPC) and, especially, antioxidant capacity, with respect to control cheese. MoE modified cheese colour and volatile profile. Cheeses with MoE were darker in colour with higher red and yellow components than control cheese. Several volatile compounds were only detected in cheeses with MoE, indicating their plant origin. On top of that, increased levels of compounds originating from amino acid catabolism were present in these cheeses, as a result of their higher proteolytic and peptidolytic indexes. The symbiotic cheese with MoE and B. pseudolongum INIA P2 could confer beneficial effects on consumers' health by increasing polyphenol bioavailability and contributing to the host antioxidant capacity.