Oleic Varieties Research Articles

Quality indicators of new sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) varieties for high oleic and oilseed use under different growing conditions

Purpose. To study the influence of steppe and forest-steppe climatic conditions on the yield, oil content in seeds and fatty acid composition of oil in new sunflower varieties of high oleic and oilseed use. Methods. The research was conducted in accordance with “Methods of qualification examination of plant varieties for their suitability for distribution in Ukraine (general part)” and “Methods of qualification examination of plant varieties for their suitability for distribution. Methods of determining quality indicators of plant production”. The following methods were used in the research: laboratory, comparison, generalisation, mathematical statistics, analysis and synthesis to draw conclusions. Results. The fatty acid composition of the seeds of new varieties of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) of high oleic and oilseed use, grown in different soil and climatic conditions, was studied. According to the results of the analysis in the steppe zone, the variety ‘LG50648’ has the highest economic and value characteristics: oil content (51,0%), oleic acid (85.1%), yield (3.11 t/ha); varieties ‘SULIANO’ and ‘MAS 908HOCP’ – yield (3.40 and 3.91 t/ha) and oleic acid content (85.8 and 86.1%) regardless of the gro­wing conditions. It was found that high oleic sunflower varieties ‘MAS 908HOCP’, ‘LG50648’, ‘SULIANO’ grown under steppe and forest-steppe conditions yielded higher quality oil. The maximum content of oleic acid in 2022–2023 was characteristic of the seeds of the varieties ‘MAS 908HOCP’ (86.1% in the steppe and 85.8% in the forest steppe) and ‘SULIANO’. The hi­ghest linoleic acid content was obtained in the seeds of the oilseed use varieties ‘STK104’ (62.9% in the steppe and 58.5% in the forest steppe) and ‘STK103’ (61.2% in the forest steppe). Among the high oleic varieties, the best results were obtained with ‘LG50648’ (5.7% in the steppe and 5.9% in the forest steppe). Conclusions. Oil content of sunflower varieties and fatty acid composition are determined by varietal characteristics of sunflower and environmental conditions. Modern sunflower varieties, which are included in the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine, have high yield potential and can provide a large yield of vegetable oil per unit area. Agroclimatic conditions have different effects on the gross seed yield and oil quality in the conditions of the forest steppe and steppe of Ukraine.

Adaptation trial of sunflower oleic varieties under natural conditions of Algeria

Adaptation trial of sunflower oleic varieties under natural conditions of Algeria

Characteristics of the formation of productivity of high oleic varieties of the common sunflower Helianthus annuus L

Characteristics of the formation of productivity of high oleic varieties of the common sunflower Helianthus annuus L

The Impact of Climatic Conditions on Oil Content and Quality, in Sunflower

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) crop is grown worldwide, under a range of agro-environments. This crop is primarily grown for its edible oil but also for its achenes (confectionery types), both commonly used in human food. With ongoing climate change, sunflower, as a spring crop, could be more exposed to the direct effect of heat stress and to different drought scenarios, resulting in severe yield losses, oil content decrease and alteration of fatty acids composition. The oil concentration in sunflower (whether linoleic or oleic varieties) is valued above the contribution of genotype, of environment but also of the crop management. In our study, with different sunflower hybrids, experimented in different conditions of the environment, we obtained results on oil content and fatty acids composition. The oil content in kernels is influenced by climate. This depends by air temperature in period of anthesis or during grain filing, also by rainfall. The unsaturated fatty acids of sunflower oil are much more affected by genotype and environment than the saturated ones. Cooler regions offer a more favorable climate for the oil and linoleic acid synthesis. There is an indirect relationship for oleic and linoleic content, in sunflower oil.

Признак высокоолеиновости в сортах подсолнечника селекции ВНИИМК

The stages of development of highly oleic varieties of sunflower bred at V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops are presented. The development of highly oleic sunflower varieties such as Pervenets, Kruiz and the new promising sample S. 849 is distinguished. Due to the results of a competitive trial, the sample S. 849 exceeded the variety Kruiz in yield by 14%, and oleic acid content in oil in average is equal 88–90% in a population. The demand for the highly oleic sunflower varieties is growing up. Therefore, we developed initial germplasm of confectionary type with high content of oleic acid in oil of seeds. The conducted breeding work allowed increasing meanings of traits of high oleic acid content and 1000 seeds weight (one of the most important for the confectionary sunflower) in all stages of breeding process.

Marker-assisted selection for fast-track breeding of high oleic lines in safflower (Carthamus tinctorious L.)

Safflower is grown primarily for edible oil rich in unsaturated fatty acids. Due to higher stability and longer shelf life, the oil with high oleic acid content is preferred for food and other industrial applications. Safflower cultivars with high oleic acid content (>70%) have been developed and commercially successful. Incorporation of the high oleic trait through conventional breeding techniques has been a slow process due to recessive inheritance and difficulties associated with phenotyping by biochemical methods. DNA based marker-assisted selection (MAS) for high oleic trait would help speed up the breeding efforts in safflower. In this study, a set of high oleic varieties were found to carry the same mutation in the fatty acid desaturase 2-1 gene, CtFAD2-1, which is presumed to be the ‘ol’ allele associated with high oleic acid content in safflower. Genotypic assays namely Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP®) and the Amplifluor™ SNPs Genotyping System (Amplifluor®) were designed for the prediction of high oleic trait based on the mutation in the CtFAD2-1. The assays were thoroughly validated in segregating populations derived from crosses between low and high oleic parents. Through marker-assisted backcrossing scheme, the high oleic allele, ‘ol’ from the exotic variety, Montola-2000 was incorporated into the background of popular Indian linoleic type variety, Bhima and a set of promising high oleic lines (75.2%–81.8%) were developed. The MAS-derived lines showed consistent expression of high oleic acid content over seasons and comparable seed/oil yield performance with the local check varieties. The genotypic assays reported in this study were robust, non-destructive, co-dominant and accurately predicted high oleic trait in segregating populations; thus, recommended for fast-track breeding of high oleic cultivars in safflower.

Characteristics and antioxidant properties of cold pressed high oleic and linoleic oils from Mexican safflower varieties

Six cold press oil extracted from high oleic and linoleic Mexican safflower varieties resistant/tolerant to Ramularia carthami were evaluated for their composition, physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant activity. High oleic varieties were rich in oleic (65-78%), linoleic (9-15%), palmitic (2-5%) and stearic (3-5%) acids, whereas high linoleic oils contained 76-79% linoleic, 6-9% oleic, palmitic 6-10% and 3-5% stearic acids. Calculated oxidative stability was highly associated with monounsaturated fatty acid content. High linoleate safflower oils had significantly (p < 0.05) higher b*, ∆E, absorbance (K232 and K272), conjugated diene, triene, peroxide and totox values, total phenolics and ORAC antioxidant activity than high oleate oils. Oil characteristics were strongly correlated with their fatty acid profile, particularly the monounsaturated/polyunsaturated ratio. Total phenolic content was moderately associated with the antioxidant activities of safflower oils (r = 0.714 and 0.540, p < 0.001 for DPPH and ORAC, respectively).

How does instant autovaporization deepen the cold press-extraction process of sunflower vegetal oil?

Sunflower oil industry is interested in both increasing yield and preserving quality of the extracted oil. The current work aimed to investigate the effect of texturing by instant controlled pressure-drop (DIC) on oil cold-press extraction. DIC texturing consists of heating at saturated dry-steam pressure P (200–700 kPa or 110–160 °C), for a short processing time t, followed by an instantaneous pressure-drop (20–40 ms) towards a vacuum (3–5 kPa). This resulted in increasing oil pressing-yield up to 46% and 33%, for linoleic and oleic varieties, respectively. It also increased the whole-oil availability by 11%, with the conservation of the biochemical composition of both oil and residual cake. A multi-criteria optimization of the DIC operating parameters; P and t, was performed through a 5-level Central Composite Design (CCD) and statistical analyses. This highlighted the direct significant effect of t on the oil yield while greatly preserving the quality of the final products.

Environmental effect on sunflower oil quality

Sunflower is one of the most important oilseed crops and produces a high-quality edible oil. Balance of fatty acids in standard sunflower oil shows preponderance of linoleic rather than oleic acid, and conditions during seed development, such as temperature, changes the oleic/linoleic ratio of the oil. This work aimed to evaluate the environmental effect on fatty acid profile in a group of standard and high oleic varieties and hybrids. Seeds were produced during regular season crop and during off-season crop featuring different temperatures from anthesis to maturity. Fatty-acid composition was determined by gas chromatography. Levels of oleic acid, in standard oil genotypes, raised as the crop developed in warmer environment while levels of linoleic acid decreased, and the opposite was observed when the crop was grown under lower temperature. High oleic genotypes were less sensitive to environment switching and showed lower variation on fatty-acid composition.

10th EuroFedLipid Congress, Cracow 2012: From science and technology to health

Krzysztof Krygier On behalf of the scientific and organization committees we would like to thank all participants, presenters, and co-authors of the success of the 10th Euro Fed Lipid Congress in Cracow, Poland. The Congress was held in the Auditorium Maximum of the Jagiellonian University of Cracow, the oldest University in Poland. This location, in the center of the city, is within walking distance to all historical sights. Cracow is an old capital of Poland, full of fascinating historical and cultural places, such as the great Royal Wawel Castle, a place of great importance in Polish history. The motto of 10th Euro Fed Lipid Congress was From science and technology to health. The consumption of fats and oils can contribute to human health both positively and negatively. The Congress showed what is being done to improve all health aspects in the area of lipids and health. We have many very positive examples from farm (e.g., high oleic varieties for healthy frying) to fork (e.g., functional margarines without trans fats and enriched in stanols or sterols). And that is why our division of Health and Diseases is the largest among all 11 divisions. The Scientific Committee prepared a very interesting scientific program. The full programme of the Congress is available at the Euro Fed Lipid webpage (www.eurofedlipid.org/meetings/cracow). The congress was opened on Sunday September 23rd with the plenary lecture: “The Biotechnology processing revolution in fats and oils,” delivered by Chris Dayton from USA. Biotechnology is definitely one of the most interesting aspects of the future of fats and oils technology. The second lecture of the first day was DGF Normann Medal lecture: “Modern fats and modern mind: Mealtimes and mental illness” presented by Joseph R. Hibbeln also from USA. The European Lipid Science Award goes also to the USA to Daniele Pionelli, who presented the lecture: “Lipid-mediated signaling as a source of new medicines.” Florence Lacoste from France was awarded with the SFEL Chevreul Medal and presented a lecture on “Undesirable substances in vegetable oils: Anything to declare?” The winner of the European Lipid Technology Award this year was Frank Veldkamp from the Netherlands who presented the lecture “Filtration then and now, what is new?”, the last lecture given at the Congress, Wednesday September 26th. Practically all plenary lectures were connected with health, three of them directly. This area was strongly expanded during the Health and Disease sessions by scientists from the Collegium Medicum of the Jagiellonian University, who are also leaders of our Congress Organizing Committee. This issue of European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology brings four Highlight articles presented as keynote lectures at the Congress sessions including the Olive oil, Biotechnology, and Processing sessions. Furthermore, the session Lipids in Animal Science will be featured in one of the future issues of EJLST. In addition, like last year 1, also this year an online supplement with all Congress abstracts including both the lectures and posters will be published. Thus all Congress abstracts will be citable! The Euro Fed Lipid Congress was, as usual, a great opportunity to meet old friends and to make new friends and to discuss lipid problems, and of course not only that. The best opportunity to do that was the Congress dinner which was served in a very old, working Franciscan Church in the heart of Cracow. Another extremely interesting event was the excursion to Wieliczka, a very old and fascinating salt mine. On the other hand the trip to Auschwitz-Birkenau, the largest concentration camp in Third Reich, was a solemn occasion. We believe that more than 500 participants from around the world will have for a long time fantastic memories of the 10th Euro Fed Lipid Congress and of Cracow. Many thanks to the Scientific and Organization Committees and to the Euro Fed Lipid office. Our next Congress will take place in Antalya, Turkey in October 2013. Krzysztof Krygier Congress Chair

Chemometric Characterization of Sunflower Seeds

The spectroscopic characterization of different varieties of sunflower seeds based on their oleic acid content is proposed. One hundred fifty samples of sunflower seeds from different places of Argentina were analyzed by near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (NIRDRS). Seed samples were grounded and sieved without chemical treatment previous to the analysis. For the characterization, the used multivariate methods were: principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). By using PCA, CA, and LDA, and from the point of view of varieties of sunflower seeds, 2 groups were differentiated, based on the concentration of oleic acid: a low oleic group, which ranged from 15% to 25% w/w oleic acid; and the other one (mid-high oleic varieties) which ranged from 26% to 90% w/w oleic acid. However, by using the PLS-DA, 3 groups were correctly differentiated based on the concentration of oleic acid: low oleic (from 15% to 25% w/w oleic acid); mid oleic (26% to 76% w/w oleic acid); and high oleic (≥ than 77% w/w oleic acid), demonstrating the high classification ability of this method. This multivariate characterization of sunflower seed varieties did not require chromatographic analysis to generate the matrix of concentrations, and only direct measures of NIRDRS spectra were required. This characterization can be useful to quickly know the variety of sunflower seed in the grain market. Practical Applications: This manuscript describes a method to determine 3 varieties of sunflower seeds (high, mid, and low oleic) The advantage of this method is to avoid the use of techniques that require long-time analysis.

Influence of Oleic Acid Content on Yield in Winter Oilseed Rape

Winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) with a high oleic (>75%) and/or low linolenic acid (∼2%) content in the seed oil is of interest for nutritional and technical purposes. We analyzed whether a change in seed fatty acid composition has a direct influence on yield. Parental lines with different fatty acid composition were crossed, the segregating F2 populations were divided, and F3 bulks with contrasting fatty acid profiles were tested in two experiments. In Experiment 1, we developed four bulks in each of three crosses, which varied in oleic (58 to 82%) and linolenic (2 to 11%) acid content. F3 bulks were tested for 2 yr at three locations in Germany. In Experiment 2, two F3 bulks each were developed in 16 segregating F2 populations with high (74 to 79%) and low (59 to 64%) oleic acid content. F3 bulks were tested for 1 yr at five locations. The seed linolenic acid content did not significantly affect yield. In both experiments high oleic acid content was negatively associated with yield (with a reduction of 1.7 deciton [dt] ha−1 and 2.0 dt ha−1 of high versus low oleic acid bulks in Experiments 1 and 2). High oleic bulks exhibited a significantly increased oil content (+0.6%). Yield was negatively correlated with leaf and seed oleic acid content (r = –0.52 and r = –0.48, respectively). Seeds with high oleic acid content showed a significantly retarded germination. Breeding high oleic varieties could be complicated by the negative correlation between yield and oleic acid content.

Study of some non‐edible vegetable oils of Indian origin for lubricant application

AbstractDue to growing environmental concerns, eco‐friendly processes and materials have become one of the key interests of research and in the area of tribology, natural esters are gaining popularity as lubricants. Natural esters are being used in many applications as eco‐friendly lubricant base. In Europe, canola/rapeseed oil and sunflower oil are mainly used, whereas in the USA, soybean oil is in use for formulating environmentally friendly lubricants. Native and genetically modified high oleic varieties of these oils are being widely used. In the Indian scenario, since the above‐mentioned oils are scarcely available for industrial applications, there is a need to look for other viable alternatives. Some candidate non‐edible vegetable oils of Indian origin were selected which were unexplored or less explored in the field of lubricant application, and their suitability in lubricant application focusing mainly on physico‐chemical characteristics, thermo‐oxidative stability and lubrication characteristics was studied. These oils were found to be promising candidates for application in lubricants in view of their physico‐chemical characteristics and better thermo‐oxidative and hydrolytic stability. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Purification and protein composition of oil bodies from Brassica napus seeds

: Seed oil bodies are intracellular particles to store lipids as food reserves in oleaginous plants. Description of oil body-associated proteins of Arabidopsis thaliana has been recently reported whereas only few data are available in the case of rapeseed. Oil bodies have been prepared from two double-low varieties of Brassica napus seeds, a standard variety (Explus) and an oleic variety (Cabriolet). Oil bodies have been purified using floatation technique in the successive presence of high salt concentration, detergent or urea in order to remove non-specifically trapped proteins. The integrity of the oil bodies has been verified and their size estimated. Their protein and fatty acid contents have been determined. The proteins composing these organelles were extracted, separated by denaturing gel electrophoresis, digested by trypsin and their peptides were subsequently analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Protein identification was performed using Arabidopsis thaliana protein sequence database and a collection of Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) of Brassica napus generated from the framework of the French plant genomics programme “Genoplante”. This led to the identification of a limited number of proteins: eight oleosins showing a high similarity each other and representing up to 75% of oil body proteins, a 11 b hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-like protein highly homologous to the same protein from A. thaliana, and only few contaminating proteins associated with myrosinase activity.

Potentials for sunflower cultivation for fuel production in Southern Italy

The use of fuels derived from vegetable oils represents a potential opportunity to meet EU Commission guidelines promoting renewable energy utilization. This is particularly true for Mediterranean countries where farmers are well familiarized with oil crops. Sunflower is one of the most adapted crops to dry conditions typical of Mediterranean environments. The oleic acid content in sunflower oil seems to be a suitable character for biofuel production with regard to fuel oxidative stability. For the same reason, the high oleic varieties are considered particularly promising. In this study the effect of climatic conditions and agronomic practices on oleic acid content of sunflower seeds is investigated with respect to the Southern Italy regions. Effects of high temperature, water deficit, irrigation water quality, sowing time and genotype on oil yield and quality are evaluated. Finally, the potential of sunflower cultivation for biofuel production in the light of the recent European agricultural policy is discussed.

Contribution à l’étude de l’effet des températures basses sur la composition en acide gras de l’huile des akènes de tournesol (oléique et classique)

The climatic conditions of 2003 namely high summer temperatures induced atypical sunflower fatty acids profiles. The linoleic content of the oil was significantly lower that the codex values (60 %), whereas the oleic concentration was high (40 %). The authors demonstrate that the effect was due to the mean minimum temperature rather than the mean temperatures during the ripening period. The data fit well with a linear model established for two years. The period of sensitivity to temperature was between anthesis + 10 days and anthesis + 30 days. The model was tested on classical sunflower in 2003 and 2004 and on an oleic variety in 2002 and 2004.

High Oleic Sunflower: Studies on Composition and Desaturation of Acyl Groups in Different Lipids and Organs

Abstract A selection of lipids from achenes, cotyledons after germination, roots and leaves of normal and high oleic varieties of sunflower were analyzed with regard to their fatty acid profiles. The lipids included triacylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine as ER-made components and mono-and digalactosyl diacylglycerol as plastid-localized glycolipids. A comparison of fatty acid pat­ terns showed that the block in oleate desaturation of the high oleic variety is confined to the ER of fat accumulating embryos, but that upon germination the oleate desaturation in the cotyledonary ER is rapidly derepressed. These data are supported by enzymatic experiments. In microsomes from maturing fruits of the high oleic variety oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine desaturase could not be detected, whereas o leoyl-CoA : lyso-phosphatidylcholine acyltransferase and components of the microsomal electron transport chains were not affected. A correlation in the expression of desaturation blocks in seed and root fatty acids as observed in mutants of other species was not observed which, therefore, cannot be generalized. Our data are discussed in terms of the existence of two ER-specific oleate desaturase activities.

Oxygen-Dependent Aging of Seeds

When seeds of soybeans (Glycine max Amsoy var.) or safflower were stored under high O(2) concentrations, their per cent germination declined rapidly. For example, soybean seeds stored under 7.7 atmospheres O(2) pressure at 25 degrees C and 17% moisture lost all viability within 22 days, whereas under 7.7 atmospheres N(2), the per cent germination remained greater than 80%. Germination decreased continually in O(2) pressures ranging from 0 to 7.7 atmospheres. High levels of O(2), moisture, or temperature each acted independently to cause losses of germination, but when applied simultaneously, these factors acted synergistically. Soybean seeds were also aged under conditions of high temperature (44 degrees C) and humidity (100% RH), which have been routinely used to accelerate aging. Under these conditions, no O(2) dependence of seed death was observable.Increased lipid oxidation was not detected in seeds that had lost germination ability due to high O(2) treatment. Seeds of two safflower varieties that contained either high oleic or high linoleic fatty acid compositions were subjected to high O(2) treatment. Although the lipid of the high oleic variety is markedly more stable to oxidative degradation, we detected no significant difference in the O(2) tolerance of these seeds.

Studies on the Fatty Acid Composition of Edible Oil

Fatty acid analysis of the five types of locally consumed edible oils (n = 22) was carried out using a Gas Chromatograph (G.C) equipped with a Flame Ionization Detector (FID) and stainless steel packed column. The results showed that sunflower oil contained the highest percentage of long chain mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids (91.49 ± 1.91 %) compared to soybean oil (81.14 ± 1.49 %), mustard oil (86.80 ± 3.07 %), palm oil (53.30 ± 0.36 %) and coconut oil (7.12 ± 0.51 %). Two varieties of mustard oil, low erucic (= 5 %, n=3) and high erucic acid ( >14 %, n=2) and two varieties of sunflower oil, high linoleic-low oleic (61-66 % & 22-27 %, n=2) and low linoleic- high oleic (29-38 % and 53-63 %, n =3) were found. Sunflower oil with the highest percentage of mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids especially the high linoleic- low oleic variety appeared to be superior and most suitable edible oil for mass consumption. 
 
 Key words: Fatty acid, Gas chomatograph, Sunflower oil, Soybean oil, Mustard oil, Palm oil, Coconut oil.
 
 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 42(3), 311-316, 2007