Older Age Individuals Research Articles

Criteria of Formation of Fatty Liver Disease in Individuals of Different Age Groups in the Long-Term Period after Minimally Invasive Cholecystectomy

INTRODUCTION: Despite the technical advance in medicine and the use of minimally invasive laparoscopic techniques, complications of cholecystectomy considerably reduce the quality of life of the operated patients. Development of the most common and severe complication fatty liver disease (FLD) is difficult to predict due to numerous factors that influence its formation.
 AIM: To identify prognostic criteria of formation of FLD in the long-term period after cholecystectomy and to scientifically substantiate their significance.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: To identify prognostic criteria of formation of FLD in the long-term period after minimally invasive cholecystectomy, 330 patients (159 men and 171 women) who underwent surgical treatment, were examined. Anthropometric data, hemodynamic parameters were evaluated, autonomic index was calculated. US evaluation of choledoch and Elastography of the liver, magnetic resonance tomography of the liver and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography were performed. Using chromatography-mass-spectrometry, microbial markers of parietal microbiome of the intestine were determined.
 RESULTS: Parameters of body mass index indicate the interrelation between the formation of FLD and increased body mass in patients of older age. In the first group with FLD, sympathetic status prevailed, and in the control group of the same age, parasympathicotonia was predominating. At the older age, in the second and third subgroup, the autonomic regulation did not influence the formation of FLD. The choledoch diameter in men and women with FLD of the first age subgroup was greater relative to patients of the control group and of the preoperative period and also relative to older patients of the same group. In the long-term period after cholecystectomy in the group with fatty liver disease, the opportunistic microflora prevailed over essential one, and aerobic microflora over anaerobic one. Besides, increased amount of fungi and viruses was noted, as well as a change in the distribution of obligate microflora due to decrease in the content of eubacteria and predomination of lactobacteria over bifidobacteria in the parietal layer of the intestine. In the individuals of older age, reduction of the obligate and increase in the opportunistic microflora including aerobic one, was noted.
 CONCLUSIONS: Age, autonomic regulation and body mass have a significant influence on the formation of FLD in the long-term period after cholecystectomy. In the group of older patients, the influence of the autonomic regulation is lower, and increase in body mass is higher than in younger individuals.

Cumulative physiological stress is associated with age-related changes to peripheral T lymphocyte subsets in healthy humans

BackgroundProgressive age-associated change in frequencies and functional capacities of immune cells is known as immunosenescence. Despite data linking chronic environmental, physiological, and psychosocial stressors with accelerated aging, how stress contributes to immunosenesence is not well characterized.ObjectiveTo help delineate the contribution of cumulative physiological stress on immunosensence we assessed relationships between a composite measurement of cumulative physiological stress, reflecting the functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, sympathetic nervous system, cardiovascular system, and metabolic processes, and lymphocyte changes typically affiliated with aging in a cohort of healthy volunteers ranging from 18 to 66 y.ResultsPhysiological stress load positively correlated with subject age in the study cohort and was significantly higher in adults 50–66 y compared to adults 18–33 y and 34–49 y. Using physiological stress load, we identified a significant age-dependent association between stress load and frequencies of circulating regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs). Frequencies were higher in younger participants, but only in participants exhibiting low physiological stress load. As stress load increased, frequencies of Tregs decreased in young participants but were unchanged with increasing stress load in middle and older age individuals. Follow-up analysis of stress load components indicated lower circulating DHEA-S and higher urinary norepinephrine as the primary contributors to the effects of total stress load on Tregs. In addition, we identified age-independent inverse associations between stress load and frequencies of naïve Tregs and naïve CD4 T cells and positive associations between stress load and frequencies of memory Tregs and memory CD4 T cells. These associations were primarily driven by stress load components waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, CRP, and HbA1c. In summary, our study results suggest that, in younger people, physiological stress load may diminish regulatory T cell frequencies to levels seen in older persons. Furthermore, independent of age, stress load may contribute to contraction of the naïve Treg pool and accumulation of memory Treg cells.Clinical trialRegistered on ClincialTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT02367287).

Improving the Degree of Health in the Elderly Through Health Checks and Education

Background. The thesis focuses on the elderly as the final stage of human development and acknowledges that individuals in old age undergo various changes. The research is conducted at the Nuriah Nursing Home, located in Kecamatan Sei Lakam, Kabupaten Karimun. The purpose of the research is to identify the main health problems faced by the elderly in the nursing home, specifically the risk of declining health status. The thesis mentions specific health problems prevalent among the elderly, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), high blood pressure, heart disease, rheumatism, paralysis, and diabetes mellitus. Purpose. This activity aims to determine the health status. Method. The method used is by conducting health checks and counseling followed by 5 elderly people.. Results. The results of this activity showed that from 5 elderly people, 1 elderly had hypertension because the elderly underwent dialysis 2 times a week. 1 elderly suffers from malnutrition. 1 elderly had dementia, and one elderly experienced long bed rest. Conclusion. . The conclusion is that 70% are all carried out / assisted by orphanage officers. Starting from bathing, clothes, chapters, and tubs. The elderly seem to understand how to improve their health status. instructional approaches to meet the specific needs of their students.

Association of Younger Age and APOE ɛ4 Carrier Status with Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy in Pure and Mixed Alzheimers Disease Neuropathology (P3-6.004)

<h3>Objective:</h3> To determine how key clinical and neuropathology factors relate to the odds of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) at autopsy in both ‘pure Alzheimers Disease (AD)’ and mixed neuropathology of AD with Lewy body pathology (AD+LBP). <h3>Background:</h3> Presence of CAA has important therapeutic implications in the clinical decision to use new generation anti-amyloid therapies in AD. <h3>Design/Methods:</h3> A retrospective longitudinal cohort study was conducted among 2068 participants in the National Alzheimer Coordinating Center database with a mean interval of 5.7 (SD 2.8) years from initial visit to autopsy. These included autopsy-confirmed AD, n=1175 or AD +LBP, n=893 with CAA data. Correlations between CAA severity, Braak and neurotic scores and logistic regression models evaluating age (younger &lt;65yrs vs older≥65yrs), sex, APOE <i>ɛ4</i> carrier status, Braak stage and neuritic plaque score were completed in AD and mixed AD+LBP. <h3>Results:</h3> Younger age (O.R. 2.13, [95% CI, 1.33–3.33], p=0.002) and <i>APOE ɛ4</i> (O.R. 2.62, [95% CI, 1.94–3.56], p&lt;0.001) were significant predictors of CAA in AD, while <i>APOE ɛ4</i> (O.R. 3.18, [95% CI, 2.2–4.6], p&lt;0.001) was significant in AD+LBP. Only among older individuals in both groups, CAA severity correlated to Braak stage [AD ρ=0.12 (0.06, 0.18, p&lt;0.001), AD+LBP ρ=0.16 (0.09, 0.24, p&lt;0.001)] and neuritic score [AD ρ=0.10 (0.04, 0.16, p=0.002), AD+LBP ρ=0.12 (0.04, 0.19, p=0.002)]. When controlling for Braak stage, the odds of CAA were lower in AD among older age individuals [O.R. 0.50 (0.30–0.80), p=0.004] but not in AD+LBP [O.R. 0.92(0.56–1.53), p=0.75]. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Younger age and <i>APOE ɛ4</i> carrier status had a higher odds of CAA despite controlling for Braak stage and neuritic plaque score in ‘pure AD’. Among older individuals higher Braak stage and neuritic plaque score were correlated to CAA severity in AD and AD+LBP. These results are of importance in the recognition of patients at the highest risk of CAA in both AD and mixed AD+LBP. <b>Disclosure:</b> Dr. Pillai has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Springer Nature. Dr. Pillai has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as an Editor, Associate Editor, or Editorial Advisory Board Member for Current Treatment Options in Neurology. The institution of Dr. Pillai has received research support from Alzheimer’s Association. The institution of Dr. Pillai has received research support from Keep Memory Alive Foundation . The institution of Dr. Pillai has received research support from NIA. Dr. Pillai has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Reviewer with DOD. Dr. Pillai has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Reviewer with RGC Hong kong. James Bena has nothing to disclose. Dr. Leverenz has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Acadia. Dr. Leverenz has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Biogen. Dr. Leverenz has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Eisai.

Demographic and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients in the least developed province Balochistan of Pakistan – an observational descriptive study

This study was designed to determine the epidemiological and clinical attributes of COVID-19 patients in the least developed province of Balochistan, Pakistan. The information was obtained from the daily situation report by the Health Department, Government of Balochistan, Pakistan. We investigated the reports of 4177 patients confirmed by RT-PCR tests. Demographic, epidemiological and risk factors data along with comorbidities and clinical signs were recorded. Out of 4500 suspected cases, 4177 cases were directed for the confirmation of COVID-19. A sum of 2177 patients was confirmed to have COVID-19 and 2000 individuals tested negative for the illness. Out of 4177 patients, 2000 patients recovered but 177 patients died because of COVID-19. In current statistics, most males were affected by COVID-19 as 3243 (77.69%) were males and 934 (22.36%) were females. A total of 90.81% of individuals had fever, 88.97% had a cough, 81% had body throbs, and 89.66% had a sore throat. Shortness of breath was observed in 97.06% and 44.09 % had comorbidity. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the outcome of patients was associated with gender and symptoms. The district Quetta had the maximum number of COVID-19 cases and deaths. COVID-19 cases and case casualty proportion are low in Balochistan. Whether this is because of failure to do more tests is still to be discovered. Males and individuals of older age are more impacted, and fatalities were higher in cases with co-morbid conditions. Balochistan has a feeble medical care framework and many asymptomatic cases, and needs more rigid screening activities.

The effect of rumination and elder abuse level on successful aging in elderly individuals: Analysis with a machine learning approach.

This study aimed to determine the effect of rumination and elder abuse levels on successful aging in elderly individuals. This descriptive-correlational study was conducted with older individuals (n = 297) in Ağrı, Turkey, between October 2021 and May 2022. SPSS-22 and R v.4.1.3 were used in the study. Analysis was done with machine learning and artificial neural networks. In the study, the mean age of the older individuals was 67.49 ± 3.04. Statistical estimates showed the regression model to be significant and usable, F(2,294) = 116.659, P = 0.001. Elder abuse and ruminative thought levels together explained 43.9% of the total variance (R2 = 0.439) of successful aging. The regression model indicated that increases in both the elder abuse level (t = -3.672, P < 0.001) and the ruminative thought level (t = -12.771, P < 0.001) of participants caused a statistically significant decrease in the successful aging level. The combined elder abuse and ruminative thought levels had a greater effect on successful aging (Model 1: F = 45.321, Model 2: F = 116.659, R2 Change = 0.309). The R2 value of the Random Forest regression model was 0.529, showing that the independent variables could explain 52.92% of the variation in the dependent variable. According to the SHapley Additive exPlanation values, which show the contribution or importance of each variable in the estimation of the model, it was determined that the most important variables for estimating the Successful Aging Scale variable were ruminative thought style and elder abuse screening. Our study indicates that a decrease in the levels of rumination and elder abuse could lead to improvement in successful aging. Longitudinal studies on successful aging in older individuals are recommended.

Molecules of senescent glial cells differentiate Alzheimer’s disease from ageing

BackgroundAgeing is a major risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which is accompanied by cellular senescence and thousands of transcriptional changes in the brain.ObjectivesTo identify the biomarkers in the cerebrospinal...

From Ancient Patterns of Hand-to-Hand Combat to a Unique Therapy of the Future.

The purpose of this publication is to provide generalized knowledge of the area of changes that took place over past centuries in relation to health, social and cultural conditions. In Greek mythology, it was necessary to nurture both body and spirit to be a perfect human being. This link between the concepts of physical beauty and goodness can be also found in later works dedicated to ancient Greek history. Particularly in Greek myths, and in Greek education in general, it was believed that both physical and spiritual excellence were necessary to raise men to achieve their true form. Some of the main forms of implementing this idea were hand-to-hand combat exercises (wrestling, boxing and pankration). Ideas characteristic of the world of ancient Greece, in a general sense, can be observed in the culture of the Far East. The main difference is the fact that these principles did not survive in Western culture as a result of transformation into a consumer society focused on the rejection of moral principles. The brutalisation of the forms of the Roman Games meant that the ideals of the ancient world were forgotten for more than 1500 years. The modern Olympic Games were resurrected in the 19th century. Inspired by the ancient Greek cult of health of body and spirit, they gave rise to a movement known as Olympism. In the Olympic Charter written by Coubertin, Olympism was called "a philosophy of life exalting and combining in a balanced whole the qualities of body, will and mind". The combat sports disciplines have had their place there since the beginning of the modern Olympic Games. The evolution of hand-to-hand combat disciplines, including numerous scientific studies indicating a very broad impact in the area of health, led to this type of physical activity being reached for as an essential element in supporting the health-promoting behaviour of society. Nowadays, physical activity in the area of exercise with elements of hand-to-hand combat, combat sports, or martial arts is an indissoluble link in the prevention and treatment of 21st century diseases. For Parkinson's disease patients, drug treatment is an essential resource for continuing to function in society, but it will not be completely effective without supporting the treatment with appropriate and attractive physical activity (e.g., "Rock Steady Boxing"). Of similar importance is the prevention of dangerous falls, which are common in this population as well as among the elderly or those affected by other diseases of civilisation. Implementing the principles and techniques of safe falling in the teaching of the young population significantly increases the likelihood of applying appropriate responses to these individuals in adulthood and old age. Actions that should be taken now for prevention can be implemented through social programmes, such as "Active today for a healthy future".

Combined effect of diabetes and frailty on mortality among Chinese older adults: A follow-up study.

Frailty and diabetes are two important health problems associated with aging in older individuals. This paper seeks to analyze the frailty in older adults suffering from diabetes and the combined effect of diabetes and frailty on mortality risk. The frailty index (FI) model was employed when evaluating frailty among the older adults based on the baseline data conducted in 2009; and death as outcome variables collected in 2020 were analyzed. The influence of diabetes on age-related changes in frailty in the older adults and resulting mortality rates was analyzed. Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier curves were applied to evaluate the influence on the risk of death and the 11-year survival of the older adults with varying diabetes and frailty statuses. Ultimately, 1,213 older people aged between 60 and 101, with an average age of (74.79 ± 8.58) at baseline, were included in the analysis. By 2020, there had been 447 deaths with mortality at 36.9% (447/1,213); there were 271 cases of diabetes, with a prevalence of 22.3% (271/1,213). The mean FI value for older adults with diabetes was higher than that of those without regardless of age, and the average annual relative growth rate of the FI value for older adults with diabetes was higher than that of those without diabetes (β = 0.039 vs. β = 0.035, t = 8.367, P < 0.001). For all FI value levels, the mortality rate among older adults with diabetes was higher than that of those without. The Cox Regression analysis showed that, compared with those suffering from neither diabetes nor frailty, older adults with both had the higher mortality risk (HR = 1.760.P < 0.001), followed by older adults suffering from frailty alone (HR = 1.594, P = 0.006), and then by older adults suffering from only diabetes (HR = 1.475, P = 0.033). The survival analysis showed that the median survival of those suffering from diabetes and frailty to be the shortest at just 57.23 (95% CI: 54.05 to 60.41) months, lower than the 83.78 (95% CI: 79.33 to 88.23) months in those suffering from frailty alone, and 119.93 (95% CI: 113.84 to 126.02) months in those with only diabetes, and 124.39 (95% CI: 119.76 to 129.02) months in older adults with neither diabetes nor frailty (P < 0.001). Frailty is common among older adults suffering from diabetes, and there is an increased risk of poor health outcomes, such as death, among older adults suffering from diabetes and frailty. When diagnosing, treating, and dealing with older adults with diabetes, attention should be paid to screening and assessing frailty in hopes of identifying it early so that appropriate measures of intervention can be taken to avoid or delay the resulting adverse effects.

148 ORTHOSTATIC HEMODYNAMICS AND ACCELERATED BRAIN AGING

Abstract Background Impaired recovery of blood pressure (BP) in response to standing up is a prevalent condition in older individuals. We evaluated the relationship between the recovery of hemodynamic responses to standing and brain health in adults over 50. Methods Participants from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Aging (TILDA) (n=418) performed an active stand challenge while BP and heart rate (HR) were continuously monitored. The recovery of these parameters was determined as the difference in measurements taken at 10 s and 20 s after standing, in relation to the baseline value. The difference between biological and chronological brain age was determined using BrainPAD, a novel validated measure of accelerated brain ageing. The data was fitted using linear regression models, using age, sex, weight, height, cardiac disease prevalence, antihypertensive and antidepressant use, smoking status, standing speed and pulse wave velocity as covariates. Results Adjusting for age and sex only, each additional year of BrainPAD was associated with a –0.35 mmHg (95% CI: –0.54 – –0.16, P&amp;lt;.001) change in orthostatic systolic BP recovery. In a fully adjusted model, the regression coefficient was estimated at –0.29 mmHg (95% CI: –0.48 – –0.10, P&amp;lt;.01). Similarly, a year increase in BrainPAD was associated with –0.21 mmHg (95% CI: –0.32– –0.10, P&amp;lt;0.001) and –0.14 mmHg (95% CI: –0.25– –0.04, P&amp;lt;.01) change in orthostatic diastolic BP recovery, for minimally and fully adjusted models respectively. HR recovery was not significantly associated with BrainPAD. Conclusion These results demonstrate that impaired systolic and diastolic BP recovery after standing is associated with accelerated brain aging in older individuals. This suggests that the BP response to standing, measured using beat-to-beat monitoring, has potential to be used as a marker of accelerated brain aging, relying on a simple procedure and devices that are easily accessible for clinical use.

Do static and dynamic pupillary parameters differ according to childhood, adulthood, and old age? A quantitative study in healthy volunteers.

We aimed to evaluate the normative pupillometry values and mean pupil dilatation speed in healthy individuals in different age groups in our study. The study group included 180 eyes of 90 healthy volunteers in different age groups. Group 1 consisted of 30 participants between the ages of 6 and 18, group 2 consisted of 30 participants aged 19-40, and group 3 consisted of 30 participants aged 41-75. Scotopic, mesopic, photopic, and dynamic measurements were taken with automatic pupillometry of Sirius Topographer (CSO, Firenze, Italy). The mean pupil dilation speed at the 18th second was calculated according to dynamic measurements. Group 1 had a significantly larger pupil diameter than groups 2 and 3 in all static and dynamic parameters, and the mean pupil dilation speed was the highest among the groups (P < 0.001 for all static and dynamic parameters). In addition, group 2 had a significantly larger pupil diameter than group 3 (P < 0.001 for all static and dynamic parameters) and the mean pupil dilation speed was faster than group 3 (P = 0.027). We have presented the static and dynamic parameters and the mean speed of pupil dilatation at the 18th second with automatic pupillometry in healthy individuals in childhood, adulthood, and old age. More studies with higher participants and younger age children are needed.

The associations of pandemic-related difficulties with depressive symptoms and psychological growth among American older adults: Social support as moderators.

The COVID-19 pandemic brought social, health-related, and financial risks to older adults, yet their associations with depressive symptoms and posttraumatic growth (PTG) were not systematically examined. With 3504 respondents aged 60 and over from Health and Retirement Survey, this study found pandemic-related healthcare delay and financial hardship associated with elevated depressive symptoms and decreased PTG, whereas social disruption predicted greater PTG. When confronted with multidimensional difficulties, a higher level of social support buffered depressive symptoms and enhanced PTG following healthcare delay, while those from immediate family members carried the weighing of moderation. Additionally, the moderation effect varied between support types, as exclusive instrumental support engendered more depressive symptoms and squeezed PTG by stimulating a sense of incompetence for older adults. Inversely, receiving both instrumental and emotional support helped individuals of older age against financial-related depressive symptoms. These findings shed light on older adults' mental health promotion in a pandemic context.

Distribution of Pupil Size and Associated Factors: Results from the Population-Based Gutenberg Health Study.

Results 18,335 eyes of 9,559 participants aged 40 to 80 years were included in the analysis. Median pupil diameter was 4.19 mm in right eyes and 4.12 mm in left eyes. A smaller pupil was associated with older age, hyperopic refractive error, previous cataract surgery, diabetes, obesity, and ACE inhibitor intake, whereas wider pupil was associated with female gender, arterial hypertension, intake of tricyclic antidepressants, and intake of SNRI and tetracyclic antidepressants. Socioeconomic status and smoking were not associated with pupil size. Conclusion Individuals of older age, after cataract surgery, under therapy with ACE inhibitors and with diabetes have a smaller pupil. This should be taken into account when planning nonmydriatic fundus photography-based screening programs, for instance, for diabetic retinopathy.

Akılcı Duygusal Davranış Terapisine Dayalı Müdahale Çalışmalarının İncelenmesi: Sistematik Bir Derleme

Bu araştırmanın temel amacı Türkiye’deki akılcı duygusal davranış terapisine dayalı müdahale çalışmalarını incelemektir. Bu kapsamda konu ile ilgili veri tabanları çeşitli anahtar sözcükler ile taranmış ve çalışmaya 32 araştırma dâhil edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları akılcı duygusal davranış terapisine dayalı müdahale çalışmalarının son yıllarda artış gösterme eğilimde olduğunu göstermiştir. Akılcı duygusal davranış terapisine dayalı müdahale çalışmalarının daha çok doktora düzeyinde yapıldığı görülmüştür. Çalışmalarda en çok grup psiko-eğitimi çalışmalarının tercih edildiği ve tek denekli vaka çalışmalarının sayıca sınırlı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Katılımcı gruba göre çalışmaların en çok genç yetişkinlik ve çocukluk dönemindeki bireylerle gerçekleştirildiği ve ileri yetişkinlik dönemindeki bireylerle henüz bir çalışmanın gerçekleştirilmediği saptanmıştır. Bağımlı değişkenlere göre 48 farklı konunun ele alındığı ve en çok akılcı olmayan düşünce, duygu, davranış bağımlı değişkenine yer verildiği görülmüştür. Oturum sayısına göre en çok 8 oturumluk programların oluşturulduğu ve oturum sürelerinin en çok 40-60 dakika arasında olduğu belirlenmiştir. Grupların katılımcı sayısına göre çalışmaların en çok 10-19 katılımcı ile gerçekleştirildiği ve müdahale çalışmalarının tamamının etkili olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Çalışmaların %68,75’inde izleme ölçümlerinin alındığı ve birinci izlemede en çok 4 haftalık ve 8 haftalık izleme süresinin tercih edildiği belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın bulguları alanyazın ışığında tartışılmış ve gelecek çalışmalara ilişkin öneriler sunulmuştur.

What Drives Abdominal Obesity in Peru? A Multilevel Analysis Approach Using a Nationally Representative Survey.

Abdominal obesity (AO) is a serious public health threat due to its increasing prevalence and effect on the development of various non-communicable diseases. A multilevel analysis of the 2019 Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES in Spanish) using the Latin American Diabetes Association (ALAD in Spanish) cut-off points was carried out to evaluate the individual and contextual factors associated with AO in Peru. A total of 30,585 individuals 18 years and older were included in the analysis. The prevalence of AO among Peruvians in 2019 was 56.5%. Individuals of older age (aOR 4.64; 95% CI: 3.95–5.45), women (aOR 2.74; 95% CI: 2.33–3.23), individuals with a higher wealth index (aOR 2.81; 95% CI: 2.40–3.30) and having only secondary education (aOR 1.45; 95% CI: 1.21–1.75) showed increased odds of presenting AO compared to their peers. At a contextual level, only the Human Development Index (aOR 1.59; 95% CI: 1.17–2.16) was associated with the development of AO. A high Human Development Index is the contextual factor most associated with AO. It is necessary to formulate and implement new public health policies focused on these associated factors in order to reduce the prevalence of OA and prevent the excessive burden of associated noncommunicable diseases.

Current status and epidemiology of adult obesity in Korea

Background: Obesity has emerged as one of the most critical public health problems and is considered a global epidemic. Herein we summarized the recent epidemiology of obesity in Korean adults based on nationwide data.Current Concepts: The prevalence of obesity among Korean adults has steadily increased over the past 10 to 20 years, more prominently in men. In general, the prevalence of obesity is higher among men than among women, and it is the highest among men in their 30s and 40s and older women. In particular, morbid obesity (class 2 or class 3) has increased rapidly, showing the steepest increase in men compared to women, and in young adults compared to other age groups. The prevalence of abdominal obesity has also risen. The prevalence of abdominal obesity is higher in older age individuals, but the prevalence of abdominal obesity among young adults has shown a sharp increase in recent years. Chronic diseases are prevalent in individuals with obesity or abdominal obesity, compared to those without, and particularly in young adults. The prevalence of obesity is higher in individuals with lower income levels. The awareness of obesity and attempts to lose weight are significantly low, and lifestyles related to obesity appear to be uncontrolled in individuals with obesity compared to those without obesity.Discussion and Conclusion: It is necessary to recognize the current status of obesity in Korean adults and to make more active and multifaceted efforts to overcome it.

Systematic Review on Pathophysiological Complications in Severe COVID-19 among the Non-Vaccinated and Vaccinated Population.

COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is one of the longest viral pandemics in the history of mankind, which have caused millions of deaths globally and induced severe deformities in the survivals. For instance, fibrosis and cavities in the infected lungs of COVID-19 are some of the complications observed in infected patients post COVID-19 recovery. These health abnormalities, including is multiple organ failure—the most striking pathological features of COVID-19—have been linked with diverse distribution of ACE2 receptor. Additionally, several health complications reports were reported after administration of COVID-19 vaccines in healthy individuals, but clinical or molecular pathways causing such complications are not yet studied in detail. Thus, the present systematic review established the comparison of health complication noted in vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals (COVID-19 infected patients) to identify the association between vaccination and the multiorgan failure based on the data obtained from case studies, research articles, clinical trials/Cohort based studies and review articles published between 2020–2022. This review also includes the biological rationale behind the COVID-19 infection and its subsequent symptoms and effects including multiorgan failure. In addition, multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS) has been informed in individuals post vaccination that resulted in multiorgan failure but, no direct correlation of vaccination with MIS has been established. Similarly, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) also noted to cause multiorgan failure in some individuals following full vaccination. Furthermore, severe complications were recorded in elderly patients (+40 years of age), indicates that older age individuals are higher risk by COVID-19 and post vaccination, but available literature is not sufficient to comply with any conclusive statements on relationship between vaccination and multiorgan failure.

Aging of the Neck Decoded: New Insights for Minimally Invasive Treatments.

Many signs of aging manifest in the neck region, including platysmal bands, excess skin, horizontal neck lines and decreasing contour of the neck. While the clinical signs of an aged neck are well-known, data determining the underlying aging process are limited. To decode aging of the neck. This prospective study investigated elasticity and firmness of skin, muscle activity and skin displacement upon muscular contraction in the neck in 77 young-, middle- and old-age individuals. Objective outcome measures, including 3-dimensional imaging, cutometry and surface electromyography, were utilized for all assessments. Mean firmness of skin decreased significantly from young to old individuals (0.37 ± 0.13mm, 0.30 ± 0.12mm and 0.26 ± 0.12mm in young, middle and old subjects, respectively; p &lt; 0.001). Gross elasticity decreased significantly from 75.1 ± 13.0% in young subjects, to 64.53 ± 15.7% in middle-aged subjects and 55.79 ± 13.0% in old subjects (p &lt; 0.001). The mean y-axis skin displacement increased from 2.48 ± 4.33mm in young subjects, to 3.11 ± 4.49mm in middle-aged subjects and 3.61 ± 5.38mm in old subjects (p = 0.006). The mean signal-to-noise ratio decreased significantly from 16.74 ± 5.77µV in young subjects, to 14.41 ± 4.86µV in middle-aged subjects and to 12.23 ± 5.99µV in old subjects (p &lt; 0.001). This study provides insights into the interplay between skin elasticity, muscular activity and the reflected movement of the skin of the neck. Appreciation of these age-related changes lays the fundament for aesthetic treatments in this delicate region. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Ageing versus active aging: how old age is represented in children’s books

ABSTRACT In response to population aging observed globally, the active aging model has been proposed to preserve the well-being of more individuals in old age. Since raising awareness about a comprehensive life course perspective of aging, the importance of a sense of well-being in old age, and resources needed to age well early on carries great importance, this exploratory study investigated children's picture storybooks as a source for active aging. The recognized determinants of active aging, as well as ageist stereotypes associated with older characters by gender and family affiliation were examined in a sample of 41 books published between 2008 and 2018 in Turkey for three- to eight-year-olds children. Findings show that there is limited information given implicitly about the factors that determine active aging in the books. They also indicate that ageist and sexist stereotypes, which are considered as obstacles to active aging, are used explicitly, especially while describing older women and older characters outside the family. In addition, the variety in physical characteristics, roles and experiences of older adults in real life is not reflected in the picture books. The discussion of these findings draws attention to some major concerns about how these representaions could affect children's understanding of aging and old age.

Age-dependent expression changes of circadian system-related genes reveal a potentially conserved link to aging.

The circadian clock system influences the biology of life by establishing circadian rhythms in organisms, tissues, and cells, thus regulating essential biological processes based on the day/night cycle. Circadian rhythms change over a lifetime due to maturation and aging, and disturbances in the control of the circadian system are associated with several age-related pathologies.However, the impact of chronobiology and the circadian system on healthy organ and tissue aging remains largely unknown. Whether aging-related changes of the circadian system’s regulation follow a conserved pattern across different species and tissues, hence representing a common driving force of aging, is unclear.Based on a cross-sectional transcriptome analysis covering 329 RNA-Seq libraries, we provide indications that the circadian system is subjected to aging-related gene alterations shared between evolutionarily distinct species, such as Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Danio rerio, and Nothobranchius furzeri. We discovered differentially expressed genes by comparing tissue-specific transcriptional profiles of mature, aged, and old-age individuals and report on six genes (per2, dec2, cirp, klf10, nfil3, and dbp) of the circadian system, which show conserved aging-related expression patterns in four organs of the species examined. Our results illustrate how the circadian system and aging might influence each other in various tissues over a long lifespan and conceptually complement previous studies tracking short-term diurnal and nocturnal gene expression oscillations.