Oldenburg Burnout Inventory Research Articles

Burnout and Sources of Stress Among Health Care Risk Managers and Patient Safety Personnel During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Pilot Study.

This study investigates burnout and sources of stress related to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic among a group of health care risk managers/patient safety practitioners. An online survey was used, including the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) and 1 open-ended question: Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, what work or non-work-related issues have been causing you the most stress? A total of 31 participants completed the OLBI; 27 answered the open-ended question. Over 70% of participants qualified as burned out. A thematic analysis was used to analyze stressors. Key themes included impacts of social distancing, changing duties and workload, real and potential impacts of the virus (eg, fear of infection for self or others), and financial concerns (personal and organizational). Less common themes included untrustworthy and constantly changing guidance, feeling abused by persons in power, and positive comments about the experience of working during the pandemic. Burnout and pandemic-related stress may be very common in the health care risk management and patient safety workforce. Additional research is required to more robustly estimate the prevalence of burnout in this population. Meanwhile, the sources of stress identified here may aid health care organizations in taking immediate action to protect this vital workforce.

Insomnia among Prison Officers and Its Relationship with Occupational Burnout: The Role of Coping with Stress in Polish and Indonesian Samples.

Thus far, data on sleep disorders among prison officers (POs) have been scarce. Research allows us to relate this problem to occupational stress, which POs experience every day. The aim of the current study was to analyze the scale, predictors, and impact of select factors on the relationship between insomnia and occupational burnout. This study was carried out on a sample of 376 Indonesian and 288 Polish POs using the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), the Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE) inventory, and the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI). Results showed that 43.4% of the Polish sample exhibited early symptoms of insomnia, compared to 26.1% of the Indonesian sample. Sleep disorders had a significant role in developing occupational burnout. In both samples, coping strategies such as help-seeking and engagement were revealed to have a mediating role in the relationship between insomnia and occupational burnout dimensions. For the total sample and for the Polish sample, the coping strategy of help-seeking was the only predictor of insomnia. Discrepancies (concerning the role of age, gender, and multi-shift work) were observed between the current results and earlier studies. The current study’s limitations were discussed and new solutions were proposed.

Determinants of burnout and other aspects of psychological well-being in healthcare workers during the Covid-19 pandemic: A multinational cross-sectional study.

The Covid-19 pandemic has placed unprecedented pressure on healthcare systems and workers around the world. Such pressures may impact on working conditions, psychological wellbeing and perception of safety. In spite of this, no study has assessed the relationship between safety attitudes and psychological outcomes. Moreover, only limited studies have examined the relationship between personal characteristics and psychological outcomes during Covid-19. From 22nd March 2020 to 18th June 2020, healthcare workers from the United Kingdom, Poland, and Singapore were invited to participate using a self-administered questionnaire comprising the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ), Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to evaluate safety culture, burnout and anxiety/depression. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine predictors of burnout, anxiety and depression. Of 3,537 healthcare workers who participated in the study, 2,364 (67%) screened positive for burnout, 701 (20%) for anxiety, and 389 (11%) for depression. Significant predictors of burnout included patient-facing roles: doctor (OR 2.10; 95% CI 1.49–2.95), nurse (OR 1.38; 95% CI 1.04–1.84), and ‘other clinical’ (OR 2.02; 95% CI 1.45–2.82); being redeployed (OR 1.27; 95% CI 1.02–1.58), bottom quartile SAQ score (OR 2.43; 95% CI 1.98–2.99), anxiety (OR 4.87; 95% CI 3.92–6.06) and depression (OR 4.06; 95% CI 3.04–5.42). Significant factors inversely correlated with burnout included being tested for SARS-CoV-2 (OR 0.64; 95% CI 0.51–0.82) and top quartile SAQ score (OR 0.30; 95% CI 0.22–0.40). Significant factors associated with anxiety and depression, included burnout, gender, safety attitudes and job role. Our findings demonstrate a significant burden of burnout, anxiety, and depression amongst healthcare workers. A strong association was seen between SARS-CoV-2 testing, safety attitudes, gender, job role, redeployment and psychological state. These findings highlight the importance of targeted support services for at risk groups and proactive SARS-CoV-2 testing of healthcare workers.

Guilt and Burnout in Medical Students

Theory Burnout is prevalent among medical students and is correlated with negative feelings, behaviors, and outcomes. Empathy is a desired trait for medical students that has been correlated with reduced burnout. The concept of guilt is closely related to concern about the well-being of others; therefore, feelings of guilt may be associated with empathy. Excessive guilt poses an increased risk for internalized distress, symptoms such as anhedonia, and may be related to burnout. The relationship between pathogenic guilt and burnout in medical students is unknown. Hypothesis We hypothesize that pathogenic guilt is present and related to both burnout and empathy in medical students. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey study of all students in one medical school. Data were collected in February 2020. The Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OBLI), Toronto Empathy Questionnaire (TEQ), and Interpersonal Guilt Questionaire-67 (IGQ-67) were used. A modified version of IGQ-67 was used to measure four subscales of pathogenic guilt: survival guilt, separation guilt, omnipotence guilt, and self-hate guilt. Data analyses for this study including screening, evaluation of assumptions, descriptive statistics, reliabilities, one-way ANOVA, and correlation coefficients, were conducted using SPSS version 26. Results Of 300, 168 (56.0%) students participated in the study. Survival, omnipotence, and self-hate classes of pathogenic guilt were positively correlated with burnout. Empathy was correlated with two classes of pathogenic guilt: survival and omnipotence. Empathy was inversely related to burnout (disengagement). Conclusions Pathogenic guilt may be a contributor to burnout in medical students. Guilt should be a target of prevention and treatment in burnout in medical students. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/10401334.2021.1891544.

The Relationship Between Case Manager Competence and Nurse Burnout in Indonesia

This study aims to identify the relationship between case manager competency and nurse burnout in Indonesia. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 235 nurses in three hospitals located in Jakarta and Tangerang. The questionnaire used in this study comprise of: demographic data; General Self Efficacy Scale; Nurse Manager Competency Scale; and Oldenburg Burnout Inventory. Most respondents experienced emotional exhaustion and disengagement. The case manager’s competence reported low. Analysis showed that the case manager’s competence in actuating, communication, and problem-solving associated with nurse burnout. Direction, communication competency, and problem-solving competency of the case manager may reduce the burnout of nurse executor. Improving the competence of nurse manager is very important in order to reduce nurse burnout.
 
 Keywords: burnout, case manager, managerial competencies, work environment

Experience of burnout among pediatric inpatient nurse preceptors

BackgroundThere is a paucity of research describing burnout among nurses who work in the role of a preceptor, in the inpatient setting. In 2017, precepting nurses at an academic children's hospital were surveyed using the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OBI). Results of the survey inspired leadership to further explore this phenomenon using key informant interviews. MethodsProspective qualitative description with individual interviews analyzed using conventional content analysis. ResultsIn regard to burnout, five themes illustrated the experiences of precepting nurses. “Feeling the Responsibility” reflected the cognitive stain of precepting. “An Obligation to the Role,” reflected the dimensions of the OBI that addressed distancing and decreased interest in the work. However, preceptors described positive experiences “It Challenges Me Every Day,” awareness of resources “Nursing Response,” and insights for improving the preceptor program, “Future Strategies.” ConclusionsWhile elements of the OBI were salient in the data, three inductive themes highlighted the balance of positive challenges and learning opportunities that inspire preceptors.

Working Time Characteristics and Mental Health among Corrections and Transportation Workers.

Mental health disorders are a leading cause of work disability and while the psychosocial workplace environment plays a critical role, working time characteristics are also implicated. We sought to examine the association between working time characteristics and mental health in a cohort of two unionized, full-time worker populations, correctional supervisors, and transportation maintainers. Using a cross-sectional study design, we surveyed workers on working time characteristics across seven domains including length of the shift, the intensity or proximity of sequential shifts, the time of day, and social aspects of work hours including predictability, variability, control, and free time. Burnout symptoms (Oldenburg Burnout Inventory) and depressive symptoms (eight-item Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) were assessed along with the psychosocial work environment and health behaviors. We used log-binomial regression models to estimate prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals after adjusting for age, gender, and company. A total of 318 workers were surveyed. The majority (72%) of workers reported a fixed shift. The prevalence of burnout symptoms was higher among workers reporting more frequent shift intensity (working 6 or more days in a row) (PR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.31; P = 0.04). Low psychological demands and high worker social support were associated with fewer burnout symptoms, independent of working time characteristics. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was higher in workers reporting more frequent unpredictable work (PR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.35; P = 0.04) and was lower among workers reporting increased schedule control (PR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.77, 0.96; P = 0.01). Higher worker social support as well as sufficient sleep and adequate exercise were associated with fewer depressive symptoms, independent of working time characteristics. Different working time characteristics were associated with work-related mental health (i.e. burnout) as well as general mental health (i.e. depressive symptoms). Work intensity was associated with the prevalence of burnout symptoms and the results suggest that the mechanism may be through the need for recovery from the psychosocial exposures of work. Both schedule control and predictability were associated with depressive symptoms and the results suggest that work-life imbalance and lack of recovery may be implicated. Comprehensive prevention policies that consider work organization along with the psychosocial work environment and work-life balance may help to improve workers' mental health.

Association Between Sexual Orientation, Mistreatment, and Burnout Among US Medical Students

Medical trainee burnout is associated with poor quality care and attrition. Medical students in sexual minority groups report fear of discrimination and increased mistreatment, but the association between sexual orientation, burnout, and mistreatment is unknown. To evaluate whether medical student burnout differs by sexual orientation and whether this association is mediated by experiences of mistreatment. This cross-sectional study surveyed US medical students graduating from Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC)-accredited US allopathic medical schools who responded to the AAMC graduation questionnaire in 2016 and 2017. Statistical analyses were performed from March 15, 2019, to July 2, 2020, and from November 20 to December 9, 2020. Burnout was measured using the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory for Medical Students, and sexual orientation was categorized as either heterosexual or lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB). Logistic regression models were constructed to evaluate the association between sexual orientation and experiencing burnout (defined as being in the top quartile of exhaustion and disengagement burnout dimensions) and to test the mediating association of mistreatment. From 2016 to 2017, 30 651 students completed the AAMC Graduation Questionnaire, and 26 123 responses were analyzed. Most respondents were younger than 30 years (82.9%) and White (60.3%). A total of 13 470 respondents (51.6%) were male, and 5.4% identified as LGB. Compared with heterosexual students, a greater proportion of LGB students reported experiencing mistreatment in all categories, including humiliation (27.0% LGB students vs 20.7% heterosexual students; P < .001), mistreatment not specific to identity (17.0% vs 10.3%; P < .001), and mistreatment specific to gender (27.3% vs 17.9%; P < .001), race/ethnicity (11.9% vs 8.6%; P < .001), and sexual orientation (23.3% vs 1.0%; P < .001). Being LGB was associated with increased odds of burnout (adjusted odds ratio, 1.63 [95% CI, 1.41-1.89]); this association persisted but was attenuated after adjusting for mistreatment (odds ratio, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.16-1.60]). The odds of burnout increased in a dose-response manner with mistreatment intensity. Lesbian, gay, or bisexual students reporting higher mistreatment specific to sexual orientation had and 8-fold higher predicted probability of burnout compared with heterosexual students (19.8% [95% CI, 8.3%-31.4%] vs 2.3% [95% CI, 0.2%-4.5%]; P < .001). Mediation analysis showed that mistreatment accounts for 31% of the total association of LGB sexual orientation with overall burnout (P < .001). This study suggests that LGB medical students are more likely than their heterosexual peers to experience burnout, an association that is partly mediated by mistreatment. Further work is needed to ensure that medical schools offer safe and inclusive learning environments for LGB medical students.

Job Burnout and Counterproductive Work Behaviour of the Jordanian Bank Employees

Abstract Background/Purpose: This study investigated the relationship between job burnout and counterproductive work behavior (CWB) among 307 employees drawn from various banks within Jordan. This study also examined the levels of job burnout and CWB with regard to gender, age, marital status, and education. Methodology: For data collection, the convenience sampling method is utilized to survey frontline bank employees. The Oldenburg Burnout Inventory scale, which assesses exhaustion, disengagement, and the CWB scale from the Individual Work Performance Questionnaire (IWPQ), were used for data collection. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science 25.0. Results: The study results suggest that there is a significant positive relationship between job burnout two dimensions and CWB. The research also shows that age, education, and marital status affect both job burnout and CWB. Nevertheless, gender was found to have a significant effect only on the disengagement dimension of job burnout. Further, the study implies that exhaustion and disengagement are vital predictors influencing CWB. Conclusion: With regard to the results, the phenomena of job burnout provide the means that can provoke deviant behavior in the workplace.

Prison service employee’s empathy and professional burnout

Prison service employees belong to a professional group that is susceptible to a quick professional burnout. They spend a few hours per day in a limited space with the same individuals – the co-workers and the prisoners. While providing support to the latter ones, they frequently do not see the results of their own work. Moreover, when staying in a close contact, especially the direct one, with the socially maladjusted persons – the so-called challenging client, the process of their desensitization is triggered. Thus, the aim of the author’s own research was to define the level of emotional and cognitive empathy as well as the severity of the occupational burnout of penitentiary educators and security officers in penal institutions. Therefore the author’s own research was conducted by applying a diagnostic survey method using the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) in order to determine the extent to which the surveyed individuals are professionally burned out.. Moreover, the Polish version of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index was used to provide the answer to the question regarding the level of empathy of the respondents. The study involved seventy (70) officers of the Prison Service from four penitentiary units of the District Inspectorate of Prison Service in Bialystok and Lublin, half of whom were penitentiary educators.

Burnout and intention to leave among care workers in residential care homes in Hong Kong: Technology acceptance as a moderator.

Care workers in residential care settings for older adults often experience job burnout, resulting in a high turnover rate. Previous studies offered contradictory findings on technology use in the workplace and its relationship with burnout. This study aimed to explore the moderator role technology acceptance plays in the relationship between burnout and intention to leave among care workers in residential care settings in Hong Kong. The study was based on a multicenter, cross-sectional questionnaire survey. The acceptance of general, and three specific, technologies (i.e., tablets, social robots and video gaming) was measured based on the scale of the Technology Acceptance Model. Two dimensions of burnout (exhaustion and disengagement) were measured using the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory scale. Intention to leave was measured using a self-reported item. Data collection took place from July to December 2018. We analysed data from 370 care workers from seven non-private residential care homes for older people in Hong Kong. A hierarchical multiple regression approach was used for moderator analysis. The results revealed that two measures of burnout (exhaustion and disengagement) were significantly and positively associated with intention to leave. The four measures of technology acceptance were negatively associated with intention to leave. The interaction of video-gaming acceptance and exhaustion was predictive of intention to leave (standardized beta = -0.20, p=.011). Acceptance of video gaming changed the strength of the relationship between exhaustion and intention to leave among participants. No significant moderating effects were observed in the relationship between disengagement and intention to leave. We highlight the importance of integrating technology variables, especially subjective appraisal of technology, in the issues of burnout and intention to leave. These findings shed new light on policies and practices that consider implement technology in routine care in residential care settings without unanticipated negative impacts for care staff.

Relationship Between Physician Burnout and Patient's Perception of Bedside Time Spent by Physicians.

Although the adverse effect of burnout on physicians has been widely documented, studies have shown an inconsistent relationship between burnout and the quality of patient care. We hypothesized that physician burnout will have an inverse relationship with the time spent at the bedside by physicians. In a cross-sectional study, we surveyed patients on their perception of the time spent by their physician on the day of the survey (4 categories: 0-5, 6-10, 11-15, >15 minutes). Oldenburg Burnout Inventory was used to assess physician burnout; burnout was defined as high levels of both exhaustion (≥2.25) and disengagement (≥2.10). Among the 1374 patients, the most commonly reported time spent at bedside category was 6-10 minutes (n=614, 45%). Among the 95 physicians who saw these patients, burnout was present in 44 (46%), with a higher prevalence in women (61% vs 39%; P=0.04). Using ordered logistic regression, we found no relationship between physician burnout and patient's perception of bedside time spent, without adjustment (odds ratio: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.65-1.16) or with adjustment (odds ratio: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.64-1.12) for potential confounders. Although physician burnout is not associated with patient perception of time spent at bedside, it may be associated with other patient outcomes that require further research.

Mental Health and Burnout Syndrome Among Postgraduate Students in Medical and Multidisciplinary Residencies During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil: Protocol for a Prospective Cohort Study.

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has led to high levels of physical, psychological, and social stress among health care professionals, including postgraduate students in medical and multidisciplinary residencies. This stress is associated with the intense fear of occupational exposure to SARS-CoV-2, the virus known to cause COVID-19. These professionals are at risk of developing physical and mental illnesses not only due to the infection but also due to prolonged exposure to multidimensional stress and continued work overload.ObjectiveThis study aims to evaluate the prevalence of symptoms suggestive of mental disorders and burnout syndrome and determine the risk factors for burnout among postgraduate students in medical and multidisciplinary residencies in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsFor this prospective cohort study with parallel groups, participants were recruited between July and September 2020 to achieve a sample size of at least 1144 participants. Research instruments such as Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale; Patient Health Questionnaire; Brief Resilient Coping Scale; and Oldenburg Burnout Inventory will be used to collect data. Data will be collected in 2 waves: the first wave will include data related to sample characterization and psychosocial evaluation, and the second wave will be launched 12 weeks later and will include an evaluation of the incidence of burnout as well as correlations with the potential predictive factors collected in the first wave. Additionally, we will collect data regarding participants’ withdrawal from work.ResultsThe recruitment took place from July 29 to September 5, 2020. Data analyses for this phase is already in progress. The second phase of the study is also in progress. The final data collection began on December 1, 2020, and it will be completed by December 31, 2020.ConclusionsWe believe the findings of this study will help evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health conditions of health professionals in Brazil as well as contribute to the planning and implementation of appropriate measures that can alleviate these mental health challenges.International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/24298

Burnout and Presenteeism among Healthcare Workers in Nigeria: Implications for Patient Care, Occupational Health and Workforce Productivity

Background: Burnout and presenteeism are two emerging occupational health challenges which share same locus among healthcare workers, and the trend is rising. We aim to define the magnitude of burnout and presenteeism among frontline members of the health workforce and explore any correlation between the two in order to provide empirical data from our socioeconomic and geographical background.Design and Methods: We used self-administered questionnaire to conduct a cross-sectional study among the physicians and nurses in a regional trauma centre in Enugu, Eastern Nigeria; with the respondents selected by stratified random sampling. The Oldenburg burnout inventory and Stanford presenteeism scale were used to measure burnout and presenteeism respectively, while the 2-item patient-health questionnaire (PHQ-2) was used to screen for depression. The level of statistical significance was determined by a p value of <0.05.Results: Among the healthcare workers surveyed (n=155); 34 (21.9%) were physicians, while 121 (78.1%) were nurses. Burnout prevalence was 69%. Burnout was associated with self-rated health status and length of years in professional service but not the occupation or depression screen status of the worker. Sixty-two healthcare workers (40%) screened positive for depression. A positive screen for depression was the only factor that had significant association with lower presenteeism scores (p=0.002). The mean presenteeism scores had strong negative correlation with both the exhaustion (p<0.001) and disengagement (p<0.001) domains of burnout.Conclusion: Burnout is high among the healthcare workers and correlates with presenteeism scores. The mental health of the workforce greatly impaired their productivity.Significance for public healthDespite the high prevalence of burnout and presenteeism among healthcare workers their impact on the productivity of the workforce has not received adequate attention. Much of the work on burnout and presenteeism has been directed at their prevalence and associated demographics, while a few addressed their potential for direct harm or suboptimal care to patients. However, these earlier research perspectives provide insufficient resource for health economists and public health administrators. Accordingly, we chose to explore the relationship between the twin problems of high burnout and presenteeism among healthcare workers and their impact on productivity. We have reported our finding of an inverse correlation between burnout domains and productivity of the health workers. Furthermore, the revelation of 40% positive screen for depression raises serious concern regarding the mental health of the healthcare providers as it portends grave public health implications for themselves and the patients they cater for.

Slower information processing speed is associated with persistent burnout symptoms but not depression symptoms in nursing workers

ABSTRACT Introduction: Burnout and depression both occur with chronic work-related stress, and cognitive deficits have been found when symptom severity results in work disability. Less is known about cognitive deficits associated with milder symptoms among active workers, and few studies have examined whether cognitive deficits predict persistent burnout and depression symptoms. The goal of this study was to examine the association of information processing speed and executive function performance to burnout and depression symptoms at baseline and 12-month follow-up in a sample of actively working individuals (N = 372). Method: The design was prospective with laboratory cognitive data at baseline, and burnout and depressive symptoms assessed at baseline and monthly follow-ups. Information processing speed and executive functions were assessed in a task-switching paradigm, including single-task reaction time (RT), switching costs, and mixing costs. Burnout was assessed with the Exhaustion subscale of the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory and depression with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Results: Slower RT was modestly associated with higher levels of burnout symptoms both cross-sectionally and prospectively, but switching costs and mixing costs were not associated with burnout symptoms. None of the cognitive measures were associated with depression symptoms cross-sectionally or prospectively. Conclusions: Despite statistically significant findings of slowed RT in acute exhaustion-related burnout, the proportion of variance accounted for in the models was small and did not predict clinically significant levels of distress. The absence of statistically significant findings for depression symptoms suggests the cognitive profile associated with the exhaustion dimension of burnout may be distinct from that of depression, which reflects a more heterogeneous symptomatology. Our data suggest the clinical impact of burnout symptoms on actively working individuals is marginal; nonetheless, it is important to screen and intervene on burnout and depression symptoms in the workplace because they can lead to other forms of work impairment.

Psychometric properties of burnout measures: a systematic review

Occupational Burnout (OB) is currently measured through several Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) and some of them have become widely used in occupational health research and practice. We, therefore, aimed to review and grade the psychometric validity of the five OB PROMs considered as valid for OB measure in mental health professionals (the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), the Pines' Burnout Measure (BM), the Psychologist Burnout Inventory (PBI), the OLdenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) and the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI)). We conducted systematic literature searches in MEDLINE, PsycINFO and EMBASE databases. We reviewed studies published between January 1980 and September 2018 following a methodological framework, in which each step of PROM validation, the reference method, analytical technics and result interpretation criteria were assessed. Using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments we evaluated the risk of bias in studies assessing content and criterion validity, structural validity, internal consistency, reliability, measurement error, hypotheses testing and responsiveness of each PROM. Finally, we assessed the level of evidence for the validity of each PROM using the GRADE approach. We identified 6541 studies, 19 of which were included for review. Fifteen studies dealt with MBI whereas BM, PBI, OLBI and CBI were each examined in only one study. OLBI had the most complete validation, followed by CBI, MBI, BM and PBI, respectively. When examining the result interpretation correctness, the strongest disagreement was observed for MBI (27% of results), BM (25%) and CBI (17%). There was no disagreement regarding PBI and OLBI. For OLBI and CBI, the quality of evidence for sufficient content validity, the crucial psychometric property, was moderate; for MBI, BM and PBI, it was very low. To be validly and reliably used in medical research and practice, PROM should exhibit robust psychometric properties. Among the five PROMs reviewed, CBI and, to a lesser extent, OLBI meet this prerequisite. The cross-cultural validity of these PROMs was beyond the scope of our work and should be addressed in the future. Moreover, the development of a diagnostic standard for OB would be helpful to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the PROMs and further reexamine their validity.The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD 42019124621).

Mental health and the COVID-19 pandemic: a study of medical residency training over the years

OBJECTIVES:This study aims to assess the symptoms of burnout, depression, and anxiety in Brazilian medical residents during the COVID-19 pandemic and to compare residents’ beliefs and clinical practices related to COVID-19 patients among all six years of medical residency training in Brazil.METHODS:A quantitative study was conducted in April 2020 with a convenience sample of medical resident volunteers from an anonymous online survey. This investigation collected sociodemographic information and used the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) to measure burnout, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to measure depression, and the General Anxiety Disorders (GAD-7) to measure generalized anxiety disorder. This study also developed a COVID-19 Impact Questionnaire (CIQ-19) to assess the residents’ beliefs and clinical practices related to COVID-19 patients.RESULTS:Our sample comprised 3071 respondents. Depressive symptoms were the most common among second-year residents (70.5%), followed by anxiety symptoms (56.0%) and burnout (55.2%) among fourth-year residents. We also observed burnout symptoms (55.1%) among second-year residents.CONCLUSION:The COVID-19 pandemic increased the risk of mental illnesses in some years of residency. Our study could not conclude the reasons why the incidence varies among levels of physician training. Final year medical residents have avoided seeing COVID-19 patients.

PERFECTIONISM AND BURNOUT IN HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS

Aim: To discover the relationship between adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism and professional burnout in laboratory diagnosticians in the Pomorskie [Pomeranian] Voivodship, Poland. Material and methods: The Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) and the Adaptive and Maladaptive Perfectionism Questionnaire (PAD) were used in the descriptive cross-sectional study. Results: Previous research suggests that the phenomenon of occupational burnout among the professional group of laboratory diagnosticians seems to have a specific nature, different from burnout in other medical professionals. It is believed that extremely high job demands, insufficient personal resources, as well as certain personality characteristics (which can alter the perceptions and responses to job demands as well as the perception and use of resources), are essential to the development of professional burnout. Conclusions: In the age of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic, strict compliance with safety procedures when performing tests for virus infection through laboratory diagnostics is of especially great importance to the entire epidemiological situation.

Prevalence of burnout among frontline versus non-frontline health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Makkah and Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Background: Burnout is a known professional phenomenon caused by chronic workspace stress that has not been successfully managed. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of burnout syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic in frontline health care workers (HCWs) versus other HCWs among Makkah and Jeddah hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among HCWs in Makkah and Jeddah in Saudi Arabia. An online questionnaire was sent through the different social media platforms to collect data and direct collection from HCWs in the hospitals gathered by data collectors. The questionnaire composed of two sections. The first one was concerned with sociodemographic data. The second part of the questionnaire included the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI). Result: Out of 460 HCWs, 345 individuals were evaluated after exclusion. In this study, burnout was prevalent among 81.3% of frontline HCWs and 77.4% of non-frontline HCWs (p = 0.475). The total prevalence of burnout among HCWs was 80% (N = 276). We found that frontline HCWs had a higher mean total score of OLBI than non-frontline HCWs (40.42 ± 7.14 vs. 38.83 ± 6.80, respectively) (p = 0.0494). Conclusion: The prevalence of burnout was statistically indifferent between frontline and non-frontline HCWs. However, frontlines had a higher mean of burnout score compared to non-frontlines. The necessity of successful strategies for preventing burnout should be considered to create a better work environment. Such strategies include reducing working hours, promoting mental, emotional, and physical self-care, and applying mindfulness-based stress reduction exercises.

Lawyers’ Problems and their Relationship with Perceived Stress and Occupational Burnout: A Study on Lawyers Practicing Civil and Criminal Law

The major objectives of the study were to identify the level of perceived stress and burnout among lawyers and to elucidate the relationship between various occupational problems among civil and criminal lawyers. The mediating effect between lawyers’ perception of problems, with respect to nature of specialization (i.e. criminal and civil law), perceived stress and burnout was also studied. This cross-sectional and correlational study was conducted on a sample of N = 535 criminal and civil court lawyers, n = 255 (47.7%) and n = 280 (52.3%), respectively. Lawyers Perception of Problem Scale (LPPS), Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OBI) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) were administered. A positive relationship between occupational stress and occupational burnout was found. The criminal court lawyers reported higher stress and more family problems than the civil court lawyers. Highly experienced lawyers have reported lesser levels of stress. Results from multiple regression show that financial problems and police involvement significantly predict occupational stress. A mediating effect of perceived problems was also found between type of specialization and stress and burnout. Overall, less experienced and criminal court lawyers face more problems related to family, finances, and security, and they also perceive more stress and burnout.