Ointment Composition Research Articles

Historical Drugs in Transylvania: Disclosing the Composition of Ointments from the "History of Pharmacy Collection" in Cluj-Napoca Through a Multi-Analytical Approach.

The National Museum of Transylvanian History in Cluj-Napoca, Romania, features a History of Pharmacy Collection that documents the evolution of pharmacies in the region since the 16th century. Within the "Pharmatrans" project (2021-2023), we investigated the chemical composition of ointments from fourteen historical pharmaceutical containers dating back to the 18th and 19th centuries. Most samples were from an aristocratic traveling medicine chest, a key artifact in the collection. This study marks the first extensive analysis of historical pharmaceutical formulations in Romania, enhancing our understanding of these valuable items. The main ingredients of formulations were characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), solid-phase microextraction-GC-MS (SPME-GC-MS), and pyrolysis-GC-MS (Py-GC-MS). Additionally, high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-Q-ToF) was employed for the detailed analysis of lipid materials and polar compounds. Elemental analysis was conducted using field emission gun-scanning electron microscope (FEG-SEM) with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results revealed that twelve out of fourteen mixtures contained interpretable organic content, often aligning with the vessels' labels. The findings indicate that Transylvanian elites in the late 18th century had access to both rare drugs and traditional remedies, reflecting contemporary trends in pharmacy.

Formulation and evaluation of ointment containing hydroalcoholic extract derived from the bark of Moringa oleifera for wound healing activity in rat model

Background: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a hydroalcoholic extract derived from the bark of Moringa oleifera in facilitating the healing process of second-degree burns wounds. Moreover, a comprehensive assessment was carried out on standardized M. oleifera bark to ascertain its physiochemical characteristics, botanical compound layout, and antioxidant activity, all of which play a crucial role in its capacity to facilitate the healing process of burns. Methods: For 14 days, the efficacy of ointments containing a hydroalcoholic extract of M. oleifera bark at concentrations of 5% and 10% was evaluated for treating second-degree burns in rats. Additionally, histological analysis was conducted on skin tissue samples. Results: The M. oleifera bark extract exhibited TPC (52.56 mg/gm of dried extract) and TFC (84.33 mg/gm of dried extract) value along with antioxidant activity (IC50 value of 0.98 µg/ml) for radical scavenging, in the presence of several phytochemicals. The most favorable outcomes were achieved using a 10% ointment composition, demonstrating a wound closure and tissue repair rate of 83.04 ± 0.89%, along with a noteworthy decrease in tissue oxidative stress indicators. Histological investigations have verified the wound-healing properties of M. oleifera bark extract. Conclusion: Due to its significant antioxidant properties and its capacity to create a moist environment for wounds, M. oleifera has the potential to serve as a natural treatment for burns. Additional clinical trials are recommended to validate the efficacy of M. oleifera bark extract as a therapeutic agent for wound healing.

Разработка и оценка эффективности ранозаживляющих соединений на основе катионных пептидов и фуллерена

Skin and soft tissue infections following surgical procedures are usually caused by a broad range of bacteria and are the major cause of septic complications and hospital mortality. Treatment of such wounds is a challenge often resulting from the transition from acute to chronic inflammation due to persistence of pathogenic microflora in the wound tissue. The study was aimed to assess the wound-healing activity of the ointment composition based on the dispersion of fullerene C60 (AFD) in the in vivo model of skin wound, to estimate the effects of AFD on the expression of cytokines as markers of regenerative processes, to determine antibacterial activity of the developed cationic peptides. AFD was obtained by tangential ultrafiltration and used to make an ointment composition. The BALB/c mice were used to model the skin injury. The cationic peptides (CPs) were synthesized by the solid-phase method using the Fmoc technology. Antibacterial effects of CPs and AFD were estimated by colony counting. It was found that the AFD-based ointment exerted wound-healing and anti-inflammatory activity. The minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of the CPs most active against the E. coli Dh5α strain, AB-1, AB-2, AB-3, and ST-10, were 1.15, 0.11, 0.74, and 0.74 mM, respectively, while MBC of ampicillin was 0.7 mM. We assume that constructing the hybrid compounds/fullerene C60 conjugates with active CPs will be a promising area of the development of drugs for treatment of wounds complicated by bacterial infection.

Study of Antifungal Activity of Experimental Soft Dosage Form Based on the Hydrazone Derivative of Getarylamide 4-phenyl-2-hydroxy-4-oxo-2-butenoic acid

Introduction. Recently, there has been a significant increase in fungal infections. The most common is vulvovaginal candidiasis, affecting millions of women worldwide. Resistance is formed to existing antifungal drugs, and they are not devoid of side effects. Previously, we have shown high antimicrobial activity of derivatives of 4-R-2-hydroxy-4-oxo-2-butenic acids. The creation of soft dosage forms based on them and the study of antifungal action is promising.Aim. To develop experimental soft dosage forms based on one of the most active derivatives of 4-R-2-hydroxy-4-oxo-2-butenic acids and to evaluate the effect of the ointment composition of the ointment composition on the severity of antifungal action.Materials and methods. As a pharmacologically active component, a hydrazone derivative of 4-phenyl-2-hydroxy-4-oxo-2-butenoic acid synthesized by us was used, which has pronounced antifungal activity. 8 experimental soft dosage forms based on hydrophobic and hydrophilic character have been developed. The active substance in a concentration of 1 % was introduced by standard technological methods according to the rules for the manufacture of dermatological ointments. To determine the antifungal activity of the ointments obtained, a three-nesting variant of the agar diffusion method was used. Comparison preparations are 2 % cream "Pimafucin" and 1 % cream "Clotrimazole".Results and discussion. All the studied experimental soft dosage forms showed antifungal effects of varying degrees of severity. The greatest pharmacological effect was found in ointment compositions based on hydrophilic components of sodium-carboxymethylcellulose and polyethylene oxides. Their antifungal effect is comparable or exceeds the effect of comparison drugs.Conclusion. 8 experimental soft dosage forms based on a derivative of 4-phenyl-2-hydroxy-4-oxo-2-butenic acid have been developed. Their antifungal activity has been studied. Two most active samples of experimental ointments were selected for further in-depth study.

Effect of hydrochloric polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMGH) and polyhexamethylene biguanidine (PHMBH), also in combination with plant essential oils and ZnO nanoparticles on some eukaryotic cattle and pig cells

Aim. To investigate both toxic (hemolytic), and stimulating effects of two polymeric derivatives of guani- dine, in particular, polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) and polyhexamethylene biguanidine (PHMB) both in the hydrochloride form, on eukaryotic cells depending on the concentration of the preparation; to study the possibility of using wound-healing and stimulating properties of these preparations in veterinary medicine. Methods. The hemolytic activity (toxicity) of PHMGH and PHMBH preparations in the concentration of 0.1% towards cattle and pig erythrocytes was determined by titration. Primary cell cultures of fetal kidney cells of calves and piglets were used to determine the influence of PHMGH and PHMBH both alone and in combination with the following biologically active substances: essential oils of Pinus sylvestris, Eucalyptus globulus, Citrus sinensis, Monarda didyma, ZnO nanoparticles (size c. 25 nm), and electrochemically acti- vated water – anolyte (Eh = –800 mV, pH 6.5–7.0). The concentration of the cells in the nutrient medium was determined via photocolorimetry. Results. It was found that depending on the concentration, PHMGH, and PHMBH preparations can cause the lysis of erythrocytes, and stimulate cell proliferative activity, including the formation of a monolayer of kidney cells of calves and piglets They cause hemolysis of cattle erythro- cytes in the concentrations commonly used for disinfection, i.e., about 0.1 %, in the average titers of 1 : 7 for PHMGH and 1 : 2.5 for PHMBH. Therefore, PHMBH shows greater hemolytic (biocidal) activity for cattle erythrocytes than PHMGH (in ≈2.8x). The high molecular weight fraction of PHMBH (M2 ≈ 2,000–7,000 Da) demonstrated a lower (in ≈2.4x) hemolytic activity than the low molecular weight basic fraction (M1 ≈ 500–2,000 Da). The experiments on the kidney cell cultures of pigs and cattle have shown that at non-toxic concentrations (10–5 %) PHMBH can effectively stimulate (from 27 to 65 % increase) the proliferative activ- ity of eukaryotic cells and accelerate the formation of a monolayer of cells. The combinations of PHMGH with some essential oils of medicinal plants also show a good effect (from 52 to 95 % increase), and PHMBH shows a good effect with oil of pine for pig kidney cells (20 % increase) and oil of horsemint for cattle kidney cells (67 % increase). Conclusions. PHMGH and PHMBH can possibly be used in agricultural production not only as disinfectants or antiseptics, but also in wound healing. Although their toxicity is also significant to eukaryotic cells, yet they can possibly be used in veterinary medicine in low concentrations (0.005–0.5 %) for the treatment of wounds of various origin, including burns, in the composition of ointments, gels, bandages, or plasters, which we have presently in investigation.

Estimation of Effectiveness of Local Reactive Oxygen Species for Stimulation of Regenerative Processes in Experimental Burn Wound

The aim of this work was the comparative estimation of the efficiency of different variants of local ozone therapy in experimental burn wound. We conducted the experiments on 45 white Wistar rats being randomized for three groups. Every rat got contact thermal trauma (III degree; 20 bsp) of dorsal body surface on the area 20%. Rats of the first group received a Levomecol treatment of wound, animals of the second group were locally treated by ozonized oil, and the third group rats received a combination of ozone and oxygen gas mixture intracutaneously, and the wounds were treated with Levomecol locally. The character and particularities of post-traumatic regeneration were studied by histological investigation. Local treatment with reactive oxygen species at an early period after burning is revealed to lead to more pronounced manifestation of reparative processes in burn wounds (production of granulation tissue, epidermis regeneration) than when applying Levomecolointment, and that is accompanied by more pronounced initial manifestation of scab rejection. Applying reactive oxygen species in ointment compositions at these stages of treatment with the conjuncture of infected wounds does not contribute marked initiation of reparative processes and can even force the inflammation processes.

Study of stability of anti-scarring ointment with water-soluble proteinpolysaccharidic complex of the fungus Pleurotus ostreatus during the storage

The problem of the treatment of scar tissue of the skin is quite relevant.The most affordable, convenient and comfortable way to treat scar formation is the use of soft dosage forms.So developing an effective ointment with anti-scarred activity is an urgent task of pharmaceutical technology. One of the important tasks in the process of creating original medicines is obtaining stable storing and using pharmaceutical products. For establish the shelf life it was necessary to determine the time during which the created medicine will be able to maintain stability and meet all the requirements stated in the regulatory documentation.
 The aimisthe study of stability of experimental samples of ointment composition with anti-scarred activity with water-soluble protein-polysaccharide complex of Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom and determination of the optimal shelf life of the created ointment.
 The object of the study was an original ointment composition based on an emulsion, the active component of which was a water-soluble protein-polysaccharide complex of Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom. Ointment samples were placed in polymer containers, which were hermetically sealed and stored in a dark place at room temperature (+15–25 °C) and in a refrigerator (+2–8 °C). Studies of the stability of the soft dosage form were performed on organoleptic and physicochemical parameters (description, homogeneity, pH, identification, colloidal and thermal stability, quantification and signs of microbial contamination). Measurements were performed on five lots of ointment samples after preparation and every 6 months for 3 years.
 The results of the study of the quality of anti-scarring ointment with water-soluble protein-polysaccharide complex of Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom indicate a rational choice of auxiliary substances and their concentration, the choice of the optimal technological process and the lack of interaction between the components of the medicine.
 On the basis of the conducted researches it is proved that anti-scarring ointment with water-soluble protein-polysaccharide complex of Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom remains stable for 2 years at the temperature from +2 to + 25 °С.Thus, it was found that the study samples of ointments during this period have satisfactory technological parameters.

Compounding in Ukraine: Assessment of the Risks for the Ointment’s Quality by the FMECA Method

The level of compounded medicines (CM) quality has always been questioned in different countries. This problem has been resolved by the introduction of quality assurance system (QAS) standards. One of its main areas of significance is the risks assessment process, which is especially important for the compounding pharmacy according to the requirements of different international documents. Since ointments constitute a large part of CM, quantity assessment of risks for their quality by the FMECA method has been completed. During the first step of the research, 42 potential deviations of compounded ointments (CO) quality were identified. Via the questioning of compounding pharmacies specialists in different regions of Ukraine by a pre-developed ten-point scale, the severity of deviations consequence, their occurrence probability, and detecting possibility were determined followed by the calculation of the priority risk number (PRN) value. The Pareto analysis showed that nine possible CO quality defects represented 21% of their total number. Defects related to the composition or technology of ointments (29%) and their compliance with microbiological purity requirements (23%) had the largest percentage contribution to the total PRN value. It was also found that the deviations consequence had the most serious impact on the CO quality, due to their direct influence on patient health.

Determination of the optimal concentration of the thyme essential oil in a cosmetic cream for the treatment of skin diseases

Aim. To determine the optimal concentration of the thyme essential oil in the cream for the treatment of scalp diseases as part of the first stage of the development of the composition of this remedy. Materials and methods. The study object was model ointment compositions on the vaseline-lanolin base with different concentrations of the thyme essential oil. The antimicrobial and antifungal activities of the essential oil components were determined in the microbiological studies using agar diffusion. The reliability of the effect of the concentration of the thyme essential oil on the microbiological activity was determined by the method of mathematical planning of the experiment with a repeated number of tests. Results and discussion. Using Duncan’s multiple rank test, the ointment compositions with different content of the thyme essential oil (0,5 %, 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 5 %, 7 %, 10 %) made on a vaseline-lanolin base (7 : 3) were ranked by the effect of the concentration of the thyme essential oil on the microbiological activity. According to the results obtained, the best indicators of the microbiological activity were observed in the samples containing 10 %, 7 % and 5 % thyme essential oil, and they had practically the same activity of their concentrations. In order to save the thyme essential oil, it was decided to focus on its minimum concentration (5 %), which provided the maximum antibacterial effect. Conclusions. The results of the studies allowed us to state the reliable effect of the concentration of the thyme essential oil on the microbiological activity of the ointment. The optimal concentration of the thyme essential oil, which is 5 %, has been determined. It will be used in the future to develop the optimal composition of a cosmetic cream.

Formulation Development and Characterization of Ointments containing Bambusa arundinacea Extract and Chlorophytum borivilianum Extract

The goal of the current study was to investigate potential applications for extracts of Bambusa arundinacea (resin) and Chlorophytum borivilianum (rhizome) used in ointment formulations. The pharmaceutical properties of the formulations, such as pH, the skin irritancy test, viscosity, appearance, extrudability, spreadability, washability, and swelling index, were evaluated. The skin irritation test inquiry found that no particular edema or erythema symptoms appeared after therapy for continuous seven days. pH measurements of the formulations were 6.3 (F1) and 6.7 (F2). While F2 showed edema of 1.29%, F1 showed swelling of 1.42%. The two ointment compositions’ respective spreadabilities were 6.5 g.cm/sec and 6.0 g.cm/sec. The formulae for F1 and F2 were found to be +++ and +++, respectively, extrudable from the collapsible tubes. In light of the formulations’ rheological characteristics, the viscosity was found to be 5300 cps (F1) and 6200 cps (F2). The washability of the formulations was found to be +++ for Formulation-1 and +++ for Formulation-2. By making this finding, which also revived the ideas of ethnopharmacology in connection to modern medicine, the uses of polyherbal formulations in conventional medicine were made clear.

Research on the selection of a preservative for a soft dosage form with a water-soluble protein-polysaccharide complex of the fungus pleurotus ostreatus

One of the important aspects in the development of new drugs is their standardization and comprehensive assessment of quality indicators, which guarantees safety and stability throughout the life cycle of the drug.
 Soft drugs for external use with components of natural origin usually require the introduction of preservatives to ensure microbiological stability. Therefore, research on the selection of preservative is a necessary phase in pharmaceutical composition preparation.
 Purpose – foundation of the type choice and concentration of an effective preservative (or their combination) for the introduction into the composition of the ointment of anti-scarring activity with a water-soluble protein-polysaccharide complex of the fungus Pleurotus ostreatus.
 The object of the study was an original ointment composition based on an emulsion, the active component of which is a water-soluble protein-polysaccharide complex of the fungus Pleurotus ostreatus. To increase microbiological stability, preservatives were added to the samples, which are most common in soft dosage forms (nipagin:nipazol, triclosan, bronopol and benzoic acid). Determination of the sensitivity of ointment samples to microorganisms was performed by the method of diffusion into agar («well method»), as a microbiological model used a common set of test strains of reference cultures of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and fungi.
 The study found that sample 7 had demonstrated high antimicrobial properties, where the diameters of the growth retardation zones were 34–35 mm to Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Basillus subtilis ATCC 6633, 29–31 mm for Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 4636 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. Growth retardation zones were 27–28 mm to fungi Candida albicans ATCC 653/885. Bronopol was introduced into the sample, this preservative should provide the necessary microbiological purity and stability of the prepared ointment.
 Studies show that soft dosage forms with substances of natural origin require the administration of antimicrobial agents. It has been experimentally proven that 0.2% bronopol provides effective microbiological stability of the soft dosage form with anti-scarring activity of water-soluble protein-polysaccharide complex of the fungus Pleurotus ostreatus.

Optimization of the Composition of the Ointment with Phytoecdysteroids Serpisten

Introduction. Phytoecdysteroids are a group of natural compounds related in structure and physiological effect to ecdysone - the hormone of insect molting. Phytoecdisteroids have been found to have an antiflammatory effect, which suggests that they have regenerative properties. The development of a soft dosage form containing phytoecdysteroids is of interest.Aim. Improvement of ointment compositions with phytoecdysteroids by optimizing the composition of base adjuvants.Materials and methods. As an active substance was used Serpisten, containing the sum of phytoecdysteroids, the main of which is 20-hydroxyecdysone and obtained from the leaves of Serratulaecoronatae. Raw materials "Serpukhi crowned leaves" were registered by the Federal Service Rospotrebnadzor (Moscow) for the production of dietary supplements (Gr. No. 77.99.23.3.U.1922.3.08), substance Serpisten (Gr. No. 77.99.23.3.U.1923.3.08. TU 9369-002-15092611-2008). In work were used the excipients allowed for medical use: the monoglycerides distilled, T-2 emulsifier, tween 80, sodium - carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxide of aluminum, aero forces, vaseline, oil vaseline, sunflower oil. Optimization of ointment auxiliary substances composition was carried out according to the Greco-Latin 4 x 4 square plan with repeated observations. The concentration of hydrogen ions from aqueous ointments was evaluated as process parameters; acid number; release of serpistene from ointment into agar gel, thermal stability of structure. The structural and mechanical properties of the optimal composition ointment composition were determined on a RV type REOTEST 2.1 rotary viscometer (RHEOTEST Medingen GmbH, Germany). Ointment Bepanten (GP Grenzach Produktions GmbH, Germany) was used as a comparison preparation.Results and discussion. During optimization of the composition of the diphilic ointment with serpistene, was found that the ratio of hydrophobic and hydrophilic phases should be 1 : 1, it is advisable to introduce into the ointment base an emulsifier T-2, aerosil and a mixture of vaseline and vaseline oil in the proportion of 1 : 1. As a result of the carried out studies on the optimization of ointment compositions, the following serpisten ointment composition is proposed: serpisten - 0.02; emulsifier T-2 - 3.0; aerosil - 3.0; vaseline - 23.0; vaseline oil - 23.0; ethyl alcohol 40 % - 1 ml; purified water to 100.0. Comparative analysis of effective viscosity showed that the proposed composition is as close as possible to the Bepanten ointment.Conclusion. A set of technological studies was carried out to optimize the composition of the Serpisten, 0.02 °% ointment on a diphilic basis. The developed composition and technology made it possible to obtain a composition with thermal stability, bring the hydrogen index of the ointment closer to the pH of human skin and achieve the parameters included in the rheological optimum for dermatological ointments (0.34-108 Pa • s).

Study of wound-healing activity of sodium 2-(adamantane-1-yl)-2-hydrazino-5-phenyl-4-oxobutanoate

Objective. To study a wound-healing activity of the earlier synthesized compound-leader sodium 2- (adamantan-1-yl)-2-hydrazino-5-phenyl-4-oxobutenoate (1), as well as to establish the possibility of its practical application in the ointment dosage form.
 Materials and methods. The substance-leader 1 was synthesized by the chemical methods described earlier. The experimental 5 % ointment composition based on an aqueous solution of sodium alginate was developed in compliance with the rules for preparing homogeneous ointments. Its effect on the healing of linear aseptic skin wounds in white rats was studied by the method of wound-tensiometry.
 Results. The experimental 5 % ointment composition with compound 1 was found to significantly increase the scar tensile strength compared to control without treatment. The developed model ointment showed wound-healing activity comparable to that of the reference drug (Levomekol ointment).
 Conclusions. The selected substance-leader 1 in the composition of a model 5 % hydrophilic ointment based on sodium alginate exhibits pronounced biological activity and is a candidate for further research as a potential pharmaceutical substance with complex wound-healing and anti-inflammatory property.

Investigation of the Rheological Properties of Ointment Bases as a Justification of the Ointment Composition for Herpes Treatment

Combinatorial drugs are among the leading pharmacotherapeutic agents, including those used for the treatment of herpetic infections, which require complex treatment. We have developed a soft dosage form of ointment, which includes acyclovir and miramistin, which have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and local immunoadjuvant activity. The study aimed to investigate the rheological properties of ointment bases in order to substantiate the composition of a soft dosage form with antiviral effect using the active ingredients miramistin and acyclovir. The object of the study was to determine the heterogeneous and homogeneous composition models of the bases made using a wide range of excipients. Structural and mechanical studies were performed using the "Rheolab QC" rotary viscometer by Anton Paar (Austria) with coaxial cylinders CC27/S-SN29766. The rheological parameters were investigated at a temperature of 25°C±0.5°C. The samples were thermostated using a thermostat MLM U15c. The batch of sample weighing about 15.0±0.5 g was placed in the container of an external stationary cylinder. The required temperature of the experiment was set and the thermostating time was 20 min. The device is equipped with RheoPlus 32 V3.62 software. The rheological behavior of the model compositions was analyzed in terms of indicators, such as yield strength, hysteresis square, coefficients of dynamic flow, and mechanical stability. It was found that all samples have a non-Newtonian pseudoplastic type of flow. The model of spreading optimums was used to evaluate consumer properties. According to the rheological parameters, it is advisable to use the sample based on paraffin and vaseline oil for further research. The findings from this study will be relevant in the development of the soft dosage form for the treatment of herpes viral diseases.

The choice of excipients in the development of a soft dosage form of phleboprotective action containing a micronized flavonoid fraction

Varicose veins are called one of the diseases of the 21st century, caused by a sedentary lifestyle and genetics. The purpose of this study was the development of ointment compositions containing the micronized flavonoid fraction and the study of the degree of release of the micronized fraction by the flavonoid from the ointment compositions with penetrating components. With the obtained ointment compositions, a complex of biopharmaceutical studies in vitro was carried out: release from ointment compositions by diffusion into a gelatin gel and dialysis through a semipermeable membrane, while the quality indicators of the ointment compositions were established. The conducted in vitro biopharmaceutical studies helped to determine the final composition of the ointment in relation to the auxiliary composition: active ingredient — 2%, PEG 1500:PEG 400 (7:3), propylene glycol — 1%.

The thermogravimetric study of the ointment with the water-soluble proteinpolysaccharide complex of Pleurotus ostreatus

The manufacturing process for soft dosage forms is always accompanied by the action of a certain temperature, which violation can lead not only to the deterioration of technological indicators, but also significantly affect the pharmacological activity of the finished drug.Aim. To study the water-soluble protein-polysaccharide complex (WSPPC) of Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom) and the ointment composition developed on its basis using thermogravimetry.Materials and methods. The thermogravimetric analysis, which allowed determining the change of the mass of the test sample under the conditions of the controlled temperature rise, was chosen as the research method. Determination of thermogravimetric characteristics was performed using a Q-1500 D derivatograph of the “F. Paulik, J. Paulik, L. Erdey” system with a platinum-platinum-rhodium thermocouple when heating samples 30 to 250 °C.Results and discussion. In the course of the thermogravimetric study it has been determined that WSPPC and the ointment composition developed on its basis have physical transformations at certain temperatures. The presence of thermal effects on the thermogram of the ointment developed coincides with the thermal effects of WSPPC; and it subjectively indicates the absence of the chemical interaction between the active pharmaceutical ingredient and the excipients of the carrier base.Conclusions. Based on the results obtained the optimal conditions of the temperature regime for the manufacturing process have been determined. They will provide the stability of the physicochemical properties and the pharmacological effect of the finished ointment.

Study of Wound-Healing Ointment Composition based on Highly Dispersed Zinc Oxide Modified with Nanoscale Silver

A complex modern study of the ratio effect of components of an ointment composition based on highly dispersed Zinc oxide modified with nanoscale silver on its physical and chemical properties is performed. It was found that at a concentration of glycerol equal to C = 10%, and at a concentration of methylcellulose C = 3%, the value of the active acidity of the ointment composition is optimal (pH = 6.5-7). Studies of the structural and mechanical properties of the ointment composition have shown t

The study of the antimicrobial activity of ointments with the lipophilic extract from Salix viminalis L. Shoots

The increase in the number of purulent-inflammatory diseases and postoperative purulent complications, as well as deterioration of the results of treating purulent surgical infections, including the formation of antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms, leads to the search for effective antimicrobial substances. Plant extracts can be used for these purposes.Aim. To expand the range of domestic ointments containing substances of natural origin as active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). To achieve the aim the team of authors has studied the possibility of developing an ointment on a hydrophilic base using the lipophilic extract from Salix viminalis shoots as API and the analysis of its antimicrobial properties.Materials and methods. As the study object the samples of semisolid medicinal forms containing the lipophilic extract from Salix viminalis shoots in the concentration from 1 % to 10 % on a hydrophilic ointment base with Tween-80, propylene glycol (PG) solution and an alloy of polyethylene oxides (PEO) 400 and 1500 were used. As the method of the samples efficiency control the method of diffusion into agar with the growth inhibition zone determination was chosen. Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Esherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 4636 and Candida albicans ATCC 885-653 strains were used.Results and discussion. The studies conducted have proven the presence of the antimicrobial activity in the samples of ointments on a complex hydrophilic base. A gradual increase in the antimicrobial activity of ointments has been found with an increase in the concentration of the extract from Salix viminalis shoots. The results obtained can be used as the base for further biopharmaceutical research and the aim implementation.Conclusions. As a result of the studies conducted the optimal concentration of the Salix viminalis extract in the ointment composition on the hydrophilic base has been determined. The composition developed exhibits a pronounced antimicrobial activity against strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Basillus subtilis and Candida albicans. The ointment can be used to treat infectious complications of wounds.

Features of Diagnosis and Treatment of the Drug-Induced Glaucoma Clinical Case

Purpose: To describe the interesting and fairly rare due to its features clinical case of secondary glaucoma caused by prolonged use of corticosteroids in the composition of ocular drops and ointments for the treatment of chronic blepharitis. Key points: The features of this case are the young age of the patient, as well as late diagnosis of steroid glaucoma and concomitant systemic disease in the form of psoriatic spondylitis, despite regular examinations of the patient by ophthalmologists from various medical institutions over the past two years in connection with the treatment of chronic blepharitis with frequent exacerbations in both eyes. The abolition of corticosteroid drugs, complex treatment in combination with immunocorrection, systemic therapy of psoriatic spondylitis and surgical treatment of glaucoma in both eyes led to long-term remission of chronic blepharitis, stabilization of the glaucomatous process and improvement of the patient’s quality of life. Conclusion: Ophthalmologists should monitor the level of intraocular pressure in all patients who are treated with drugs containing corticosteroids

Rheological temperature sweeping in a quality by design approach for formulation development and optimization.

Many topical drug products are multi-phase systems which are prone to phase separation exhibiting a high risk for not meeting the critical quality attributes (CQAs) of a pharmaceutical product such as uniform active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) distribution and physical homogeneity. In order to investigate and control these CQAs a rheological temperature sweeping (RTS) method was implemented and refined to enable quantification of these characteristics within a quality by design (QbD) approach. For method implementation, emulsion and ointment compositions were prepared within a design of experiments (DoE) and critical responses from RTS were extracted via principal component analysis (PCA) in a multivariate data analysis (MVA) approach. The span after 3 cycles of RTS on emulsions and a combination of 5 principal components (PCs) for ointments were selected as responses from PCA. The span correlates with the droplet size of selected emulsions followed during stability whereas the combination of the PCs for ointments enables a differentiation of the compositions. Identified critical material attributes (CMAs) are the emulsifier concentration of the emulsion and the liquid paraffin (LP) content of the ointments. In conclusion, RTS enables a rapid screening of liquid and semi-solid products in a quantitative manner for pharmaceutical development and formulation optimization.