Oil Temperature Research Articles

Online motion accuracy compensation of industrial servomechanisms using machine learning approaches

This paper addresses the crucial aspect of position error modeling and compensation in industrial servomechanisms with the aim to achieve accurate control and high-performance operation in industrial robots and automated production systems. The inherent complexity and nonlinear behavior of these modules, usually consisting of a servomotor and a speed reducer, often challenge traditional analytical modeling approaches. In response, the study extensively explores the design and implementation of Machine Learning (ML) algorithms to obtain a comprehensive model of the Transmission Error (TE) in rotating vector reducers, which is a main source of robot motion accuracy errors. The ML models are trained with experimental data obtained from a special purpose test rig, where the reducer is tested under different combinations of input speed, applied load and oil temperature. In the second part of the work, the resulting predictive model, tailored to capture the intricate dynamics of the analyzed reducer, is imported into a programmable logic controller to enable online compensation strategies during the execution of custom motion profiles. Experimental tests are conducted using two distinct motion profiles: one generated with a cycloidal law, typical of industrial machinery, and the other extrapolated from the joints of an industrial robot during a pick-and-place task. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, enabling accurate prediction and substantial reductions (over 90%) in the overall reducer TE through the implemented predictive model.

Inversion Method for Transformer Winding Hot Spot Temperature Based on Gated Recurrent Unit and Self-Attention and Temperature Lag.

The hot spot temperature of transformer windings is an important indicator for measuring insulation performance, and its accurate inversion is crucial to ensure the timely and accurate fault prediction of transformers. However, existing studies mostly directly input obtained experimental or operational data into networks to construct data-driven models, without considering the lag between temperatures, which may lead to the insufficient accuracy of the inversion model. In this paper, a method for inverting the hot spot temperature of transformer windings based on the SA-GRU model is proposed. Firstly, temperature rise experiments are designed to collect the temperatures of the entire side and top of the transformer tank, top oil temperature, ambient temperature, the cooling inlet and outlet temperatures, and winding hot spot temperature. Secondly, experimental data are integrated, considering the lag of the data, to obtain candidate input feature parameters. Then, a feature selection algorithm based on mutual information (MI) is used to analyze the correlation of the data and construct the optimal feature subset to ensure the maximum information gain. Finally, Self-Attention (SA) is applied to optimize the Gate Recurrent Unit (GRU) network, establishing the GRU-SA model to perceive the potential patterns between output feature parameters and input feature parameters, achieving the precise inversion of the hot spot temperature of the transformer windings. The experimental results show that considering the lag of the data can more accurately invert the hot spot temperature of the windings. The inversion method proposed in this paper can reduce redundant input features, lower the complexity of the model, accurately invert the changing trend of the hot spot temperature, and achieve higher inversion accuracy than other classical models, thereby obtaining better inversion results.

Experimental study on the measurement criteria for measuring surface tension in oil/refrigerant mixtures by maximum bubble pressure method

Refrigeration oil used in refrigeration compressors is usually compatible with refrigerant. The properties of the mixture are changed when refrigeration oil and refrigerant are mixed in the oil sump of the compressor because the refrigerant dissolves in the oil. Surface tension is one of the properties of the oil/refrigerant mixture that changes during the dissolving process. This change in property has an impact on foaming and the production of oil mist in compressors. In addition, surface tension can be utilized as an indicator of refrigerant concentration in oil. Hence, it is essential to determine the surface tension of the oil/refrigerant mixture. This study employed the maximum bubble pressure method (MBPM) to measure the surface tensions of the refrigeration oil and refrigerant mixtures. The oil was polyvinyl ether (PVE), while the refrigerants were difluoromethane (R32) and R410A, which was a blend of R32 and pentafluoroethane (R125). Since the viscosity of refrigeration oil changed dramatically with the dissolution of refrigerant, the measurement criterion of the MBPM applicable to a wide range of viscosities was clarified using silicone oil with various viscosities. Based on the findings of the surface tension of the PVE/R410A and PVE/R32 mixtures, a predictive formula was presented to estimate the mixture’s surface tension as a function of temperature and refrigerant concentration in oil. Relationships between the refrigerant concentration and normalized surface tension were also proposed.

Analysis of the oil temperature in a scroll compressor with oil carter at discharge pressure using propane as refrigerant: Performance analysis for abnormally low oil volume

Scroll compressors are widely utilized in refrigeration systems and heat pumps, operating through the interaction of two spiral-shaped elements, one stationary and the other orbital. These elements fit together and continuously oscillate, compressing the fluid into diminishing volumes. They offer significant advantages such as high volumetric and compressor efficiencies, low vibrations, and reduced leaks. In direct suction scroll compressors, the oil sump is at discharge pressure, resulting in a wide pressure difference between the housing and the backpressure chamber; also, the oil temperature is higher than in the most common suction-side oil crankcase design. Knowing the oil temperature is crucial in determining the properties of the oil/refrigerant mixture that affect the system's performance. It also allows us to estimate the amount of refrigerant dissolved in the oil. In the current study, a series of tests are conducted under various operating conditions to measure the oil sump temperature in a direct suction scroll compressor. This experimental campaign was conducted using a compressor with an unusually low oil level, and an analysis of the system's performance was performed until a failure occurred.

Experimental study on nonlinear development process of oil-filled equipment fire under external fire source

Abstract The transformer is the key oil-filled equipment in the power system, and its fire behavior seriously affects the safe operation of the power grid. In this paper, in order to analyze the fire development process and combustion behavior of oil-filled equipment, a mesoscale model of transformer equipment was constructed, and fire simulation experiments of transformer equipment under the action of external ignition sources were conducted. The flame temperature, flame height, heat release rate, oil temperature, and pressure were measured. The experimental results show that the oil-filled equipment fire presents the characteristics of nonlinear development. The fire can be divided into three stages: ignition stage, stable growth stage, and combustion mutation stage. The transformer oil near the wall is pyrolyzed by the external heat source, and the combustible gas and transformer oil form a gas-liquid two-phase flow, which is the main reason for the nonlinear development of oil-filled equipment fire. The experimental results are of great significance for the safe operation and fire control of power system oil-filled equipment.

Transformer oil temperature sensing utilizing bundle plastic optical fiber sensor

A bundle plastic optical fiber (POF) that works based on an intensity modulation technique is experimentally demonstrated to sense the temperature of transformer oil. The sensor was developed using a bundle POF that is located perpendicular to an aluminum reflective film with an airgap cavity between these two elements. The simplicity of the architecture allows the development of an economical optical sensor system. To avoid interference effects by other substances in the oil, the sensor head is encapsulated with a metal protecting tube. The temperature measurement was realized in this study by monitoring the output light intensity in the visible light spectrum. For linearity range from 40 °C to 75 °C, the tested sensor exhibits a sensitivity of 0.0064 °C−1, a linearity coefficient of 0.95 and a resolution of 1.56 °C. These results demonstrate the suitability of the developed sensor for temperature oil monitoring in an electrical power transformer system.

Effect of changes in hydraulic parameters and tank capacity of the hydraulic press system on the heating of the hydraulic oil

This study examines the influence of altering hydraulic parameters on the temperature of ISO HM VG 46 hydraulic mineral oil. Hydraulic mineral oils find extensive application in industrial power transmission systems, where precise temperature control is crucial for achieving optimal performance and prolonging system lifespan. Variations in hydraulic parameters, encompassing flow rate, pressure, and viscosity, can significantly impact the thermal characteristics of hydraulic oil.In this research, experimental studies were carried out to study the influence of changing hydraulic parameters on the temperature of hydraulic mineral oil. Experiments were performed on a hydraulic press, where different working conditions were simulated.The quality of hydraulic fluid is considered, according to all research, to be the most influential factor in ensuring the reliable operation of hydraulic systems.

Density and stability of oil-in-water emulsions

The stability of oil-in-water emulsions is determined by the physicochemical properties of oil, as well as the composition of emulsified water. The present work aims to study the effect of concentration and temperature on the density and stability of oil-in-water emulsions. Classical oil emulsions of the first type were prepared with aqueous CaCl2 solution and oil from the Yarakta field. The ratios of the hydrocarbon component to the aqueous phase were as follows, vol %: 5:92, 10:87, 15:82, 20:77, 25:72, 30:67, and 35:62 with the addition of emulsifier. The density of emulsions was studied using the pycnometer method, with a measurement error of up to ±0.01 kg/m3. The method consists in accurately determining the mass of the test solution and distilled water, which occupy a known volume (50 cm3) in the pycnometer, and using a high-precision analytical scale. The obtained regression equations provide a means to calculate the densities of oil-in-water emulsions within the studied temperature (20–60 °С) and oil concentration (5–35 vol %) ranges. The derived empirical equations can be used in practice. It is shown that with increasing oil concentration and temperature, the density of emulsions decreases. The stabilizing ability of oil-in-water emulsions was evaluated in terms of luminous transmittance: the luminous transmittance value served as a stability criterion of emulsions in water. It was experimentally confirmed that the stabilizing ability of emulsions decreases with increasing temperature. The obtained results can be used in the study of regularities defining the direction and extent of chemical transformations and stabilization of oil-in-water emulsions, as well as in the solution of practical issues related to their destruction.

Impact of Nanoparticles in Water Coolant on Heat Transfer Rate in Parallel and Counter Flow Heat Exchanger

A heat exchanger is a device used to transfer heat between two or more fluids. The fluids can be single or two phases depending on the exchanger type and may be separated by in -direct contact (the two most common kinds of heat exchanger are the shell-and-tube and plate/fin). In this research work double pipe heat exchanger was used to analyze the performance of water coolant for industrial applications. In Heat Exchanger the water coolant temperature increases due to increase in the temperature of oil in the tubes. Therefore, it may decrease the overall efficiency of the equipment resulting from degradation of the lubricant oil. In this regard, it is required some additives to be mixed with water coolant so that to enhance the heat transfer rate of the unit. Due to the excessive heating of the hydraulic oil in the turbine bearings, the material of the bearing found damage and deteriorate. Therefore, the aim of this study was to remove the heat from bearing oil, so that overall efficiency of heating equipment could be increased. In this research work Hydraulic oil was heated at 600C and 700C as per requirements of the industry. The experiments were conducted at both parallel and counter flow directions. Initially, a baseline experiment was carried out between hot oil and water coolant (without additives or nanoparticles). Besides the heat transfer rate between hot oil and water coolant with the additives (CuO and Al2O3) were observed at 1-3% proportion. It was concluded that the heat transfer rate of CuO was increased more than Al2O3 and plain water coolant due to more uniform temperature difference maintained between the inlet and outlet of cold and hot fluids due to the higher thermal conductivity of CuO. The maximum heat transfer rate was found to be 36.6 % at 60℃ and 38% at 70℃ with 3% of CuO additive in water coolant in the counter-flow condition.

Application of fusion property calculations for Kazakhstani oil samples

This study thoroughly investigates the melting properties and solid-state transition temperatures of crude oil from Kazakhstan's oil field, which is critical for predicting wax precipitation. Utilizing advanced laboratory equipment such as gas chromatographs, differential scanning calorimeters (DSC), and pour point testers, we obtained comprehensive data on these parameters. Based on the results, we developed new correlations for the melting point and solid-state transition temperature of crude oil, which demonstrate closer alignment with the reference values for various hydrocarbons' melting points compared to standard prediction models. These findings provide more accurate models for wax deposition, essential for efficient crude oil transportation and processing. The results indicated that implementing these new correlations could lead to significant cost savings by reducing pipeline blockages and maintenance requirements, thereby improving overall operational efficiency.

Synthesis and application of polyer additive system for reducing the pour point depressant of crude oil in exploitation, transportation

Problems encountered when exploiting and transporting crude oil containing solid paraffins is that it easily crystallizes under normal temperature, causing many challenges such as paraffin wax deposition, reduced flow rate, gel formation, loss of pipe pressure... When the crude oil temperature is below the wax appearance temperature (WAT), paraffin will precipitate and separate from the oil. Many solutions that have been and are being used such as insulation, mechanical, thermal, chemical methods, using wax inhibitors - pour point depressants (PPD) and dispersants... The method of using additives to increase solidification temperature or inhibit wax, improve the rheology of crude oil and reduce paraffin deposition is considered one of the most effective method. In this study, polymers made from a combination of three monomers, behenyl acrylate, stearyl methacrylate and vinyl acetate, were studied to find the most optimal combination for the purpose of manufacturing pour point lowering additives for oils.

The Effect of Heat Tracing Installation for Wax Prevention on Onshore Buried Swampy Pipelines

Transporting crude oil using pipelines is a widely adopted method globally. In one segment owned by PT. XYZ, especially in swampy areas, the fluid temperature tends to drop below the wax appearance temperature (WAT) during oil transportation. This is due to the relatively low temperature in swamp areas caused by heat loss to the environment. The solubility of paraffin in crude oil drastically decreases as fluid temperature drops, causing wax molecules to precipitate and deposit on the cold pipe walls. PT. XYZ employs chemical treatment by adding a pour point depressant (PPD) to lower the pour point temperature (PPT). However, PPD is effective only at certain temperatures, necessitating a study for alternative treatments. Another method involves installing heaters on the pipeline to reduce the viscosity of transported crude oil and enhance its flowability, either through direct heating or heat tracing using insulation with low thermal conductivity. Therefore, in PT. XYZ's case, an analysis is required to identify locations where fluid temperature decreases occur to ensure precise heater installation. Various software tools, including OLGA, have been developed to predict and describe wax deposition phenomena and temperature decreases along the pipeline. OLGA software can simulate locations of fluid temperature decreases in the pipeline, estimate heat loss along the pipeline, and simulate heat tracing technologies to prevent wax deposition. Simulation results indicate that wax deposition can be prevented by installing skin effect heat tracing with a heating power of 15 W/m and insulated with 2-inch aerogel, maintaining the oil temperature downstream at 157.34°F, well above the desired 115°F threshold.

Enhancement of photothermal effect of Cu2S@CuS homojunction and applications of crude oil–water separation and ice removal

The recycle of crude oil with high viscosity from wastewater and anti-icing of outdoor power transmission lines are still challenges. High photothermal responses with excellent superwetting properties are critical issues for solving these problems. In the paper, the porous nanosheet arrays of Cu2S@CuS homojunction with narrow band have been prepared by anodizing Cu foam. After the surface modification of stearic acid (STA), the array surface is endowed with excellent wetting states of super-hydrophobicity and super-lipophilicity, and is suitable for the oil–water separation. The narrow band and homojunction structure induce the excellent light absorption, and further increase the photothermal conversion efficiency of the prepared Cu2S@CuS nanoarray to the value of 8.81 %. Under the irradiation of Xe lamp with 0.1 W/cm2, the surface temperature of Cu2S@CuS nanosheet array in air promptly increases to 96.5 ℃ from room temperature of 20.9 ℃ within 30 s, and increases to 69 ℃ from room temperature within 45 s in crude oil. Obviously, the prepared Cu2S@CuS nanoarrays with excellent photothermal responses are very suitable to be used as filter film for the crude oil–water separation. With the increase of light irradiation time, the local temperature of crude oil near the filter film continues to be increased to 69 ℃ within 45 s, and the gradually warmed crude oil was continuously pumped to the oil collecting beaker through rubber pipe, showing the high efficiency and excellent stability. Of course, it is also used to efficiently separate the oil with low viscosity from oil-water mixtures and emulsion.

Research on the online monitoring technique for transformer oil level based on ultrasonic sensors

AbstractIn order to solve the problem of remote oil level measurement for unmanned transformers, this paper proposes an online monitoring technology for transformer oil level based on ultrasonic sensors. Subsequently, a finite element model and experimental testing platform were constructed to analyse and verify the influencing factors of the transformer oil level sensors. The results indicated that there is a lower measurement error at 140 kHz in the ultrasonic frequency range of 20–320 kHz, which can be selected as the recommended frequency. The impurities in the oil and the thickness of the tank wall have a slight impact on the accuracy of oil level measurement, and can lead to a decrease in the signal‐to‐noise ratio of the echo. Furthermore, as the speed of sound increases by about 4 m/s, for every 1°C increase in oil temperature, it is necessary to calibrate the measurement results based on the oil temperature. The test results of actual experimental transformers showed that the designed online monitoring device can achieve high‐precision monitoring of transformer oil level, with a relative error generally less than 3%.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ТЕПЛООБМЕНА АГРЕГАТОВ ТРАНСМИССИИ И ДВИГАТЕЛЯ ГРУЗОВОГО АВТОМОБИЛЯ

A significant share of goods in agriculture are transported by road at low ambient temperatures. Changing the properties of oils in these conditions significantly reduces the efficiency of the machines and requires additional measures for the thermal preparation of the units. (Research purpose) The research purpose is identifying heat flows between the engine and the transmission units of a truck and their effect on the thermal mode of the middle and rear axles. (Materials and methods) We performed experimental studies on a KamAZ 65115 car. Convective heat flows and heat transfer through thermal conductivity in the "engine-transmission units" system, as well as their effect on the thermal mode of transmission gearboxes, were studied. (Results and discussion) The effect of the engine on the thermal mode of the gearbox was established: the oil temperature rise was five degrees; the oil temperature stabilization time was 70-74 minutes. The effect of the engine on the thermal mode of the middle and rear axles was not revealed. It was shown that the main heat flows causing the gearbox to heat up are the air flows washing the block and crankcase of the engine. An increase in the air flow velocity to 25 meters per second leads to a decrease in temperature near the engine block by 2.5 percent to 278 kelvin, and near the crankcase by 3 percent to 253 kelvin. (Conclusions) Engine temperature has a significant effect only on the temperature of the gearbox. At air speeds above 10 meters per second, stabilization of transmission temperature is observed. Heat flows that cause additional heating of the gearbox are formed on the side surfaces of the cylinder block and the engine oil sump.

STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF PHYSİCO-CHEMİCAL PROPERTİES ON THE RHEOLOGİCAL PROPERTİES OF HİGH-PARAFFİN OİLS

For the first time, the joint effect of magnetic field, Difron-4201 depressor additive, new composition with conventional name N-1 and N-1 + magnetic field on paraffin deposition and freezing temperature in high-paraffin oil was studied. Laboratory experiments on paraffin deposition were performed by the “cold tube” method and the surface temperature of the tube was 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 °C. The greatest decrease in the amount of paraffin deposits at different temperatures was caused by the influence of the combined method. The physical, chemical and physico-chemical effect on the freezing temperature of high-paraffin oil was carried out according to a known standard method. At this time, 600 g/t of Difron-4201 depressant additive and 500 g/t of N-1 composition were considered as the optimal usage rate. As in paraffin precipitation, the most effective influence on freezing temperature was with the presence of N-1 + magnetic field composition. It was also determined that the effect of magnetic field, Difron-4201 depressor additive, new composition with conventional name N-1 and N-1 + magnetic field on the effective viscosity of high-paraffin oil was obtained by the combined method. In order to study the bactericidal property, the effect of the new composition N-1 on the development of sulfate-reducing bacteria was also studied in laboratory conditions in Postgate-B nutrient medium for fifteen days, and its bactericidal effect was calculated. It was found that composition N-1 shows the highest bactericidal effect at a concentration of 500 g/t, and at this time the value of S is 97 %. Thus, it is possible to carry out pipeline transportation of highly paraffinic oils in cold climates without heating by using electricity at intermediate stations. This, in turn, provides energy savings. On the other hand, environmental protection is ensured by reducing the corrosion rate to a minimum, increasing the service life of pipelines and eliminating possible hydrocarbon losses. The possibility of reducing paraffin deposits by using the developed combined method can be applied when application fuel oil in heat and power generation. Bibl. 25, Fig. 3, Tab. 5.

Transesterification of mustard oil to biodiesel using activated carbon/Fe2(MoO4)3/K2CO3 as a novel heterogeneous nanocatalyst: Box-Behnken design-based optimization and Gaussian process regression

In this study, activated carbon/Fe2(MoO4)3/K2CO3 was synthesized as a novel heterogeneous catalyst and used for the first time for biodiesel production from mustard oil. The synthesized catalyst was appraised by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX)/Map, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman analyses. The effect of operating parameters including methanol-to-mustard oil ratio (9:1–27:1), temperature (50–75 °C), catalyst concentration (1–6 wt%), and reaction time (1–6 h) on the biodiesel yield was investigated. The optimization of transesterification operating parameters through Response Surface Methodology (RSM) utilizing Box-Behnken design revealed a peak yield of 96.36 ± 0.1 %. This optimal yield was attained under the following conditions: a methanol-to-oil ratio of 21:1, a temperature of 65°C, a catalyst concentration of 4 wt%, and a reaction time of 4 hours. Furthermore, Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) was employed for the prediction of the biodiesel production yield and a satisfactory agreement was observed between the results of RSM and GPR. Reusability experiments indicated that the synthesized catalyst can be regenerated and reused in 4 transesterification reactions without experiencing a significant decrease in yield. The physical properties of biodiesel derived from mustard oil were examined, and it was observed that they were in agreement with ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards. According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that biodiesel production from mustard oil using the novel activated carbon/Fe2(MoO4)3/K2CO3 heterogeneous catalyst can be considered as a promising approach for generation of clean energy.

Bioremediation of Soil Samples Contaminated with Crude Oil using Rice Husk-based Biocarbon (Oryza Sativa)

This research consisted of the bioremediation of four soil samples contaminated with oil using biochar made from rice husks. For this, fourth samples of soil Balao (B), Tachina (T), Refinería (R), and Winchele (W), from the province of Esmeraldas, Ecuador, previously contaminated with oil from a refinery in the country. The rice husk (Oryza sativa) was characterized to determine its ash, organic matter, and moisture content. The soil samples were characterized to know their cation exchange capacity, pH, temperature, humidity, organic carbon, ash, organic matter, density, porosity, and texture. The crude oil used as a soil contaminant agent was determined by API, temperature, Conradson carbon, density, ash, organic matter, and viscosity of the crude oil. Each sample was contaminated, and the bioremediation process was evaluated for 90 days. In the zero analysis, the content of total hydrocarbons (TPH) in sample B was 2,691.78 mg/Kg, 2,505.99 mg/Kg for T, 2,950.99 mg/Kg in R and W with 2,708.24 mg /Kg. Once the biochar was obtained, its pH, initial yield, density, ash content, organic matter, phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium were known. After bioremediation, concentrations of 475.61mg/Kg, 209.65mg/Kg, 136.66mg/Kg, and 578.05mg/Kg of TPHs were reached for B, T, R, and B, achieving compliance with the permissible limit established in local legislation for contaminated soils. The results obtained indicate that the process used can be an alternative to soil bioremediation processes.

Wind turbine gearbox oil temperature feature extraction and condition monitoring based on energy flow

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) data is widely used for wind turbine gearbox condition monitoring (WTGCM) due to its easy access and low cost, thus ensuring the safe and reliable operation of wind turbine gearboxes. However, existing WTGCM methods based on SCADA overlook the fundamental thermal physics and sensor failure. To effectively address the challenges of weak feature generalization and numerous false alarms, we propose a highly robust WTGCM method based on energy flow. Firstly, based on the principles of thermal balance and wind energy conversion, a feature extraction method considering the physical change process of oil temperature is proposed. Secondly, the performance of different feature extraction methods is quantitatively analyzed using data evaluation criteria. The reasons why different feature extraction methods have different effects are revealed through dimensionality reduction analysis. Finally, we compare the proposed method with other feature extraction methods using four models to validate the excellent performance of the proposed method in the early fault warning. The results demonstrate that the proposed method reduces the average root mean square error by 18.21% during the healthy operation of the wind turbine gearboxes. Moreover, the proposed method performs excellently in early warning of mechanical and sensor faults, significantly reducing the number of false alarms. The average warning time for mechanical faults is 32.56 h earlier.

Performance assessment of novel catalytic spouted-bed vapor jet flow heat exchanger in amine-based carbon capture process

This study introduced a spouted bed and jet flow catalytic heat exchanger (SBJ-EX). This novel non-agitated technology can potentially integrate with a conventional desorption column to enhance heat transfer and CO2 desorption performance in amine-based post-combustion carbon capture systems. As its first research in the carbon capture field, this work experimentally evaluated key factors including overall heat transfer coefficient, logarithmic mean temperature difference, temperature distribution along the reactor, and cyclic loading under varied parameters such as inlet temperature of the heating oil, inlet solvent temperature, rich CO2 loadings, and mass of catalysts to simulate real-world operating conditions using benchmark MEA solvent and solid acid catalyst HZSM-5. Compared to conventional plate heat exchangers, the SBJ-EX demonstrated over a 70 % enhancement in heat transfer performance due to its effective overall heat transfer coefficient. It also exhibited impressive CO2 desorption performance even at lower temperatures with sufficient catalysts. Unlike agitated-type heat exchangers, the SBJ-EX could minimize catalyst attrition and offer more excellent stability. In contrast to fixed-bed catalyst desorbed columns, this equipment offered a more compact design for quicker and simpler catalyst replacement to reduce downtime for operators significantly. The SBJ-EX can also function as an optional backup or add-on unit to provide operators with flexibility. This work further discussed advantages and challenges of the SBJ-EX operation. This work enriched the future research outlook for this technology, and contributed a commercially viable approach to catalysts in carbon capture processes.