Oil Springs Research Articles

Influence of storm-related sediment storage on the sediment delivery from tributary catchments in the upper Waipaoa River, New Zealand

Although much is known about overall sediment delivery ratios for catchments as components of sediment production and sediment yield, little is known about the component of temporary sediment storage. Sediment delivery ratios focused on the influence of storm-related sediment storage are measured at Matakonekone and Oil Springs tributaries of the Waipaoa River basin, east coast of New Zealand. The terrace deposits of both tributaries show abundant evidence of storm-related sedimentation, especially sediment delivered from Cyclone Bola, a 50 year return rainfall event which occurred in 1988. The sediment delivery ratio is calculated by dividing the volume of sediment transported from a tributary to the main stream by the volume of sediment generated at erosion sites in the tributary catchment. Because the sediment delivery volume is unknown, it can be calculated as the difference between sediment generation volume and sediment storage volume in the channel reach of the tributary. The volume of sediment generated from erosion sites in each tributary catchment was calculated from measurements made on aerial photographs dating from 1960 (1:44 000) and 1988 (1:27 000). The volume of sediment stored in the tributary can be calculated from measurements of cross-sections located along the tributary channel, which are accompanied by terrace deposits dated by counting annual growth rings of trees on terrace surfaces. Sediment delivery ratios are 0·93 for both Matakonekone catchment and Oil Springs catchment. Results indicate that Oil Springs catchment has contributed more than twice the volume of sediment to the Waipaoa River than the Matakonekone catchment (2·75 × 106 m3 vs 1·22 × 106 m3). Although large volumes of sediment are initially deposited during floods, subsequent smaller flows scour away much of these deposits. The sediment scouring rate from storage is 1·25 × 104 m3 a−1 for Matakonekone stream and 0·83 × 104 m3 a−1 for Oil Springs stream. Matakonekone and Oil Springs channels respond to extreme storms by instantaneously aggrading, then gradually excavating the temporarily stored sediment. Results from Matakonekone and Oil Springs streams suggest a mechanism by which event recurrence interval can strongly influence the magnitude of a geomorphic change. Matakonekone stream with its higher stream power is expected to excavate sediment deposits more rapidly and allow more rapid re-establishment of storage capacity. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Oil Springs and Flat Top Anticlines, Carbon County, Wyoming: an unusual fold pair : Mountain Geologist, 31(2), 1994, pp 53–60

Oil Springs Anticline, northwest of Medicine Bow, Wyoming, and located at the northeast corner of the Hanna Basin, lies near the junction of the Freezeout Hills Anticline, the Shirley thrust fault and the Flat Top Anticline. The surface fold as defined by the outcrop of the Wall Creek Sandstone Member of the Frontier Formation is disharmonic to deeper structure at the level of the Jurassic Sundance Formation. The fold is wedged between two major folds and is the result of a space problem between larger structural elements. The controlling Flat Top Anticline is an excellent example of a fold controlled by a well constrained fault in the Precambrian crystalline basement. The basement is bowed upward and outward to the northwest in the hanging wall of the Flat Top Anticline. The purpose of this paper is to describe the geologic structure of the Oil Springs and Flat Top anticlines and their relationship to the Freezeout Hills and the Hanna Basin. Commercial production of petroleum and natural gas occurs on the west flank of the Laramie-Cooper Lake Basin as far north as the northeast corner of the Hanna Basin. Stone reviewed the producing formations in the Laramie and eastern Hanna basins andmore » noted that 11 commercial accumulations of petroleum and natural gas are directly related to anticlinal structures. Production derived from the Permian-Pennsylvanian Tensleep Sandstone in this region has a special geologic framework. Fields that produce from the Tensleep Sandstone are well defined anticlines bounded by faults or fault systems, a situation also reported by Biggs and Espach, Blackstone and in the Wyoming Geological Association Symposium. The Tensleep Sandstone reservoirs in these faulted anticlines are in juxtaposition to potential source rocks of either Jurassic or Cretaceous age in the footwalls of the faults. 17 refs., 9 figs., 1 tab.« less

Victoria Playhouse Petrolia: The Building Burden

Petrolia (population 3.800) is located in the farmlands of Larnbton County, about 17 miles southeast of Sarnia. In many respects it is a town built in the middle of nowhere. There is a doubtful water supply, no important navigable stream or nearby seaport. It is off all main lines of communication and when Petrolia did expand, it moved away from the main highway, across Bear Creek. Why build a town in such a spot? The reason, in its day, was unique. In 1858, James Miller Williams sunk North America’s first commercial oil well in nearby Oil Springs and by 1860, the flats of Bear Creek were populated by men from all walks of life who had turned to drilling for oil to find their fortune. These men originated equipment and methods here that they later used to open the oil fields of Borneo, Java, Persia and East Africa. In the 1870’s Petrolia could be described as arrogant, whimsical, bold, adventurous and contrary; thus, when the citizens began thinking in terms of permanent homes and stores, these attitudes were reflected in their architecture. Wooden structures were replaced by brick buildings in a vigorous, eclectic late 19th-century style. The decision to build Victoria Hall, a $35,000 town hall complete with opera house, in 1887 was the significant turning point in the way of life Petrolians were choosing for themselves.

AISI C1060

Abstract AISI C1060 is a high-carbon water or oil hardening tool and spring steel recommended for heavy machinery parts, shafts, springs and miscellaneous tools requiring strength and wear resistance. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: CS-32. Producer or source: Carbon and alloy steel mills.

Energy for Kansas

To speak of the production and utilization of energy in our State and Nation, is to speak of an economic society with an almost insatiable, ravenous appetite for fuel. In the 1850's, some 65% of all man's work in our Nation was accomplished through human and animal energy. Today, 98% of our work is done by machines making use of the energy of fossil fuels, falling water and nuclear power. Certainly nothing has been more characteristic of our last century than the expanding use of energy per capita. In 1920, our Nation's total energy consumption was 186 million BTU per personthe equivalent of 190,000 cubic feet of natural gas. By 1935, this need had decreased to an average of 150 million BTU per person. By 1945, it was up to 238 million BTU. In 1966, it was 291 million BTU-the equivalent of almost 300,000 cubic feet of natural gas per year per person. Energy for Kansas has come from all the fossil fuels-gas, oil and coal-for our State has had a history in the production of each, and their remaining reserves will contribute much to our future economic development. This history and with references to the future, I would like to discuss with you today. Men knew about petroleum long before there was an oil industry. The North American Indians knew of many oil springs in the Appalachian Region. From these, they skimmed crude oil for use as medicine and war paint. Many maps of colonial America showed the locations of oil springs. Actually, the oil industry was born because people wanted to read more. They needed better and cheaper light than was provided by candles or whale oil. In the mid-1800's on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean, people were searching for some new material to provide light. By 1859, more than 50 coal oil or kerosene manufacturing plants in the United States were making lamp-oil from soft coal, shale or natural asphalt. In that year, the total production of all these plants was 22,750 gallons. It was a most unsatisfactory product because it was smoky, had

When Was Petroleum First Noticed in United States?: GEOLOGICAL NOTES

Most authorities have accepted the discovery date of petroleum in this country as 1627 quoting a letter by Pere Joseph de la Roche Daillon which has been interpreted as referring to the famous oil spring near Cuba, New York. Daillon9s letter can hardly be taken as an authentic first reference as he probably didn9t get near the Cuba oil spring, and referred to huile rather than petrole. The earliest actual reference was in 1656 when Jesuit missionaries came to Cayuga Lake and reported they had heard of a petroleum spring; this spring was noted in 1664 by Pierre Boucher.

AISI C1080

Abstract AISI C1080 is a high carbon, water or oil hardening tool and spring steel having medium hardness penetration. It is recommended for general purpose tools, springs, and machinery parts requiring high hardness and wear resistance. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: CS-17. Producer or source: Carbon and alloy steel mills.

Oil Production - A Continuing Challenge

Rock Oil In 1855 "rock oil" (petroleum seepages), which sold for 30 to 40 dollars a barrel, was used for medicinal purposes and widely advertised is "good for man or beast." We are all familiar with Col. Drake's "rock oil test" which was drilled near an "old oil spring" at Titusville, Pa., in 1859. After drilling into hard rock at 36 ft, "Drake's Folly" became the joke of the countryside. After many disappointments, the test struck oil at 69 1/2 ft to open the first oil boom in the United States. Many wells were drilled in Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and New York during the next few years forcing the price of oil down to 10 to 20 cents per barrel. Transportation and refining facilities as well as markets (mostly for lighting and lubrication), increased steadily during the next 40 years. Consequently, oil prices were generally sufficiently low to encourage new uses for oil, and they were sufficiently high to provide a reasonable profit for the new industry. The completion of the gusher at Spindletop in 1901 by Capt. Anthony F. Lucas ushered in a new era in production and marketing, with the use of fuel oil being expanded rapidly during the next 10 years. It is significant to note that the initial flow of the Lucas well was 75,000 to 100.000 B/Dequal to 50 per cent of the daily oil production in the United States during 1900. In 1901 Capt. Lucas presented a paper on the Spindletop discovery before the AIME. One of the interesting points in his discussion concerned formation evaluation. Overproduction Almost before the excitement of the Spindletop discovery had subsided, overproduction became a pressing problem, During the next 25 years, markets as well as daily oil production increased steadily. The ability of the United States to supply the fuel needs for the machines of war during World War I was considered to be an important factor in winning the war. Following World War I, oil production continued to increase. In 1927, E. B. Reeser, president of Barnsdall Oil Co., wrote an article for the Oil and Gas Journal entitled, "A Challenge to the Oil industry." The theme was: "Overproduction must be regulated by cooperation or government supervision. Leaders should develop a plan."

INNOCUOUS OILS USEFUL IN RHINOLOGIC PRACTICE, IN CONTRAST TO LIQUID PETROLATUM

It is of interest historically that the first use of mineral oil was for medicinal purposes. Samuel Martin Kier was the earliest refiner of oil. He first refined oil, not for lamps, but for medicine, a hundred years ago. When the oil springs of Pennsylvania were discovered, oil was skimmed off the water and the product used in a variety of remedies. An editorial in the Chicago Daily News, which appeared on the one hundred and twenty-fifth Anniversary of Samuel Kier's birth, read as follows: Kier's method of refining, the basis of most refining ever since, came naturally from the western Pennsylvania environment. Whisky was the great staple, not second even to pig iron in that region, and nearly every farmer had a still. Kier devised a special one-barrel still that derived something very much like modern kerosene from Pennsylvania crude, and after his medicine ventures had failed to meet

Developments in Rocky Mountain Region in 1938

Drilling operations of all descriptions in the Rocky Mountain Region during 1938 reached a total of 483, divided as follows. Table Discovery of new oil fields includes Cole Creek, Natrona County, Wyoming; Wilson Creek, Rio Blanco County, Colorado; North Cut Bank, Glacier County, Montana; Big Hollow, Albany County, Wyoming; and Shoshone, Park County, Wyoming. The last is a black-oil discovery, and, coupled with the field extension at Hamilton Dome, Hot Springs County, Wyoming, promises to add materially to the black-oil reserves of Wyoming. The shallow discovery at Big Hollow is of low gravity, and of probable minor significance. The North Cut Bank discovery is the first Moulton sand (Kootanai--Lower Cretaceous) oil producer, although several gas wells have been completed in this zone. Extensions of other proved fields were accomplished at West Kevin, Toole County, Montana, and at Lance Creek, Niobrara County, Wyoming. The eighteen Leo sand (Minnelusa) completions at Lance Creek during 1938 indicate that the ultimate productive area from this zone may reach 5,500 acres, with a gross recovery approaching 47,500,000 barrels. Deepening or recompleting wells in proved fields resulted in a Tensleep discovery for Mahoney Dome, Carbon County, Wyoming, and in a small oil well from shallow Wasatch sands at Hiawatha, Moffat County, Colorado. Mahoney Dome had previously produced natural gas commercially from the Dakota and Sundance sands, and Hiawatha, gas from shallow Wasatch sands. New gas fields resulted during 1938 from drilling the Beaver Creek, Fremont County, Wyoming; at Oil Springs, Carbon County, Wyoming; and in Sec. 30, T. 37 N., R. 4 W., Glacier County, Montana. The last discovery is 4 miles north of the main Cut Bank gas area, and produces from the Moulton sand. The gas at Beaver Creek was found in a sand of the Morrison formation; and, at Oil Springs, in the Lakota and First and Second Sundance sands. Extension of the Muskrat gas field, Fremont County, Wyoming, and of the Clay Basin gas field, Daggett County, Utah, was also accomplished by 1938 drilling. The gross production of oil in the Rocky Mountain region (exclusive of southeastern New Mexico) for 1938, is estimated at 25,450,205 barrels, as compared with 27,397,660 barrels in 1937.

Submerged Canyon of the Hudson River

SCIENCE Service has issued a summary of a recent United States broadcast talk on hydrographic matters, by Lieut.—Comm. R. R. Lukens, of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey. Among the various interesting topics dealt with, is the remarkable submerged canyon of the Hudson River, about fifty miles at sea off the entrance to New York Harbour. This great gorge, approaching in magnitude the Grand Canyon of the Colorado, is at one place more than 2400 ft. deep, and three miles wide from rim to rim; it is about twenty miles long, and at its opening spreads out fan-like. It is of use during fog, as a ‘seamark’ for vessels equipped with sound-echo apparatus. Springs welling up in the sea are also described, both water springs and oil springs. One of the former, off the Florida coast, sends up millions of gallons of fresh mineral water from a hole about 25 ft. in diameter and 70 ft. deep in the ocean bed, itself 50 ft. deep; the water springs up with considerable force, so that it is difficult to hold a boat over it, and it has a sulphurous smell. Elsewhere; off Alaska, the sea-bottom sounding lead, ‘armed’ with tallow, shows gold dust as a bottom characteristic; but the depth is too great to permit of dredging. Other remarkable ocean features off Alaska are pinnacle rooks, often extending to within a few feet of the surface, which are the cause of many shipwrecks: and a submarine volcano, rising from a depth of nearly 6000 ft., which throws up islands and blasts them again with violent explosions, nearly every year witnessing some change in the appearance of the island.

Account of Early Endeavors on Anticlinal Theory in Canada

Seepages of oil were reported by the Geological Survey of Canada as early as 1840. Hunt visited the oil wells of Oil Springs, Ontario, in 1860, and in March, 1861, about one month after the first flowing well was drilled, presented his paper in Montreal, in which he outlined the anticlinal theory as now known.

On the Geology of natural Gas and Petroleum in southwestern Ontario

Research Article| January 01, 1892 On the Geology of natural Gas and Petroleum in southwestern Ontario H. P. H. Brumell H. P. H. Brumell Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information H. P. H. Brumell Publisher: Geological Society of America First Online: 02 Mar 2017 Online Issn: 1943-2674 Print Issn: 0016-7606 © 1892 Geological Society of America GSA Bulletin (1892) 4 (1): 225–240. https://doi.org/10.1130/GSAB-4-225 Article history First Online: 02 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation H. P. H. Brumell; On the Geology of natural Gas and Petroleum in southwestern Ontario. GSA Bulletin 1892;; 4 (1): 225–240. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/GSAB-4-225 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGSA Bulletin Search Advanced Search Abstract The Areas under Consideration.Gas-producing Area.—In that part of Ontario lying south and west of a line drawn from Toronto to Collingwood, operations in search of gas and petroleum have been carried on for a number of years. They have resulted in the discovery of two gas-producing areas of considerable extent, viz, that in Essex county, in the vicinity of Kingsville and Ruthven, and that in Welland county, in the neighborhood of Sherkston. Nor are the wells of these two fields the only producing ones, for many isolated borings, such as those at Cayuga, Dunnville and Mimico, afford no inconsiderable flows.Oil-producing Area.—Petroleum has unfortunately been found in commercial quantities in but one county, that of Lambton, where there are two distinct pools, known as the Oil Springs and Petrolea fields. These pools have been drawn upon continuously since 1862, when the first flowing well was struck, in . . . This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.

On bitumens, oil shales, and oil coals

On bitumens, oil shales, and oil coals