Oil Sector Research Articles

HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS AGAINST OIL PALM PLANTATION WORKERS IN WEST KALIMANTAN REGION

<p>Indonesia, a leading palm oil producer, faces a dilemma between the palm oil sector's positive economic contribution and its negative impact on labor rights. Despite creating jobs and economic growth, the sector is often associated with rights violations such as corruption, job insecurity, low wages, forced labor, occupational safety, child labor, and social security. Case studies in West Kalimantan and Central Sulawesi highlight the issues that need to be addressed to strike a balance between economic development and human rights protection in Indonesia's palm oil sector.</p><p> </p><p>Keywords: Human Rights, Plantation Labor, Oil Palm, Worker</p>

SITUATION IN THE RUSSIAN GAS INDUSTRY IN 2022–2023

The article examines the state of the Russian gas industry in the period from the beginning of sanctions (2022) to the end of 2023. The author assesses the period of adaptation to the new market conditions. It is the author’s opinion that the risks in the gas sector last year turned out to be more extensive than in the oil sector. The reduction in gas production is primarily due to the reduction in natural gas purchases by European consumers. Exports to non-CIS countries have decreased over the past two years. Over the past two years, there has been a decline in gas production levels, with the most noticeable drawdowns being seen at Gazprom. This is not only due to the decrease in exports, but also due to the increase in production by other companies (NOVATEK and Rosneft).Russia currently supplies gas via pipelines to Europe, Turkey and the People’s Republic of China. In the European direction, supplies are made through the Ukrainian GTS and the Turkish Stream pipeline. Gas supplies to China have the greatest potential; during the period under review, they increased one and a half times. There is a planned increase in supplies through the Power of Siberia gas pipeline.The author also describes the complicated dynamics in the domestic gas market. The program of social gasification, which continues to develop, is mentioned separately.According to the author, the government will have to develop measures to support the industry in order to fulfill its social obligations and develop new projects that will ensure diversification of sales markets and substitution of partners from unfriendly jurisdictions in the coming years.

The External Financial Crises and Their Role in The Economic Growth Fluctuations in Iraq During the Period (2004-2021)

Financial crises are a concerning and essential phenomenon due to their severe and dangerous negative impact on global stability. These crises have also spread to developing and advanced countries due to their financial and economic openness. The adverse effects of financial crises have had repercussions on global oil prices, which in turn affected economic growth in Iraq, given its dependence on the oil sector. The main objective of the research was to examine the impact of the global financial crisis on economic growth in Iraq. The research utilized deductive methodology and descriptive analysis as the appropriate approach to achieve the research goal and understand the effect of global financial crises on economic growth. The research begins with the hypothesis that the economic growth in Iraq is affected by global financial crises through oil prices in international markets. The researcher utilizes specific indicators of the Iraqi economy, including oil prices, public revenues, public expenditures, and public debt, to demonstrate the impact of global financial crises on these indicators and how this impact reflects on economic growth in Iraq, represented by the gross domestic product (GDP). The research findings highlight several impacts on the Iraqi economy due to various financial crises. These include the 2009 mortgage crisis, which decreased crude oil prices in the global market due to the global economic recession. Additionally, the financial crisis since the second half of 2014 was caused by a decline in crude oil prices due to sluggish global economic growth. Furthermore, the COVID-19 crisis at the end of 2019 had significant financial consequences, accompanied by decreased oil prices. It is evident that the Iraqi economy is directly and unexpectedly affected by financial crises through the oil markets, as the country heavily relies on oil revenues, which constitute a large proportion of the GDP. Paper: Research paper

Computational Analogies of Machine Learning concept in the Oil and Gas Industry and its Transformation in the Industry 4.0 Era

The fourth Industrial Revolution, commonly known as Industry 4.0 is enabling Oil and Gas industry to transform its business process and operations and adopt digital technologies to drive innovation, enhance production and operate more efficiently. The oil and Gas industry is enhancing Knowledge Management with advancement in digital technologies such as big data analytics, and artificial intelligence to transform vast information gathered historically stored in documents and systems as well as subject matter expert experience into digital knowledge to establish advisory systems to support decisions in the Oil and Gas operations. In organizations, knowledge has become an important success element and so is the case with the oil and gas industry, which is one of the most important sectors in energy. It must be dealt with and leveraged efficiently and effectively for competing in the world market by the creation of a competitive and sustainable environment in organizations. Oil exploration is a knowledge-intensive process in which effective operations and commercial success may be accomplished by identifying and evaluating possibilities early on and making knowledge-based choices. To be productive and competitive, the oil and gas industry must embrace knowledge management processes, where professionals may play a key role in managing information to easily address issues. However, the capacity to handle knowledge cannot be instilled in a single day; it is a culture that has been created over time via specialists and their expertise. The oil and gas sector has undergone significant changes throughout the years, affecting all of its sections, including exploration, production, and refining, and has got significant implications for marketing plans, production strategies, and R&D strategies. Only efficient knowledge management strategies with the aid of big data can encompass knowledge generation, information exchange, transformation, and dissemination of information in present times. The emergence of Generative Artificial Intelligence Chatbot such as ChatGPT is transforming the way knowledge has been managed traditionally. Applying the right strategies to enhance knowledge management is vital for the Oil industry to extract, develop, maintain, preserve and disseminate knowledge for effective operations. This paper introduces and discusses the developments in knowledge management, and explores the interrelationship between AI/ML, big data, and knowledge management in the oil and gas industry.

AI APPLICATIONS IN RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT: OPTIMIZING PRODUCTION AND RECOVERY IN OIL AND GAS FIELDS

This paper explores various AI applications in reservoir management, highlighting how machine learning, data analytics, and advanced algorithms contribute to optimizing production and recovery in oil and gas fields. From predictive modeling to real-time monitoring and control, AI offers promising solutions to address the industry's evolving demands and enhance operational performance Reservoir management in oil and gas fields has historically presented challenges demanding continuous monitoring, analysis, and optimization for maximizing production and recovery. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has ushered in a new era, providing reservoir engineers and operators with potent tools to augment decision-making processes and enhance overall efficiency. This paper delves into diverse AI applications within reservoir management, emphasizing the pivotal roles played by machine learning, data analytics, and advanced algorithms in optimizing production and recovery processes in oil and gas fields. The exploration encompasses predictive modeling, real-time monitoring, and control applications, showcasing how AI offers promising solutions to meet the dynamic demands of the industry while significantly improving operational performance. As we navigate through this technological evolution, the synergistic relationship between reservoir management and AI promises not only to address current challenges but also to lay the foundation for a more efficient and sustainable future in the oil and gas sector. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has ushered in a new era, providing reservoir engineers and operators with potent tools to augment decision-making processes and enhance overall efficiency. The exploration encompasses predictive modeling, real-time monitoring, and control applications, showcasing how AI offers promising solutions to meet the dynamic demands of the industry while significantly improving operational performance. As we navigate through this technological evolution, the synergistic relationship between reservoir management and AI promises not only to address current challenges but also to lay the foundation for a more efficient and sustainable future in the oil and gas sector. Keywords: Reservoir Management, Oil And Gas Fields, Optimization, Recovery, Machine Learning, Data Analytics, Predictive Modeling.

The Russian Oil and Gas Sector in the Projection of Modern Transformational Trends

The Russian Oil and Gas Sector in the Projection of Modern Transformational Trends

ENHANCING OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION EFFICIENCY THROUGH AI-DRIVEN SEISMIC IMAGING AND DATA ANALYSIS

This paper delves into the advancements in AI-driven seismic imaging and data analysis techniques aimed at augmenting the efficiency of oil and gas exploration. We explore various AI algorithms and machine learning models that have been deployed to interpret seismic data, predict subsurface structures, and identify potential hydrocarbon reservoirs with unprecedented precision. Furthermore, we discuss the integration of big data analytics and high-performance computing in handling vast volumes of seismic data, thereby facilitating rapid decision-making in exploration projects. Through case studies and empirical evidence, we highlight the tangible benefits and potential challenges associated with the adoption of AI-driven seismic imaging and data analysis in the oil and gas industry. Ultimately, this paper underscores the transformative impact of AI technologies in optimizing exploration workflows and maximizing resource discovery while mitigating risks and reducing operational costs. In the pursuit of optimizing oil and gas exploration, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) methodologies has emerged as a transformative force. This paper examines the evolving landscape of AI-driven seismic imaging and data analysis techniques, aimed at enhancing efficiency within the exploration domain. By harnessing AI algorithms and machine learning models, seismic data interpretation is propelled to unprecedented levels of accuracy, enabling the prediction of subsurface structures and the identification of potential hydrocarbon reservoirs with enhanced precision. Moreover, the synergistic fusion of big data analytics and high-performance computing facilitates the processing of vast seismic datasets, expediting decision-making processes in exploration endeavors. Through a synthesis of case studies and empirical evidence, this paper elucidates the tangible benefits and potential challenges associated with AI adoption in the oil and gas sector. By amplifying exploration workflows, mitigating risks, and curbing operational costs, AI-driven seismic imaging and data analysis stand poised to revolutionize the landscape of oil and gas exploration, catalyzing sustainable resource discovery in an evolving energy paradigm. Keywords: AI-Driven Seismic Imaging, Oil And Gas Exploration, Data Analysis, Efficiency Optimization, Geophysical Insights, Seismic Interpretation.

An uncertainty methodology for solar occultation flux measurements: ammonia emissions from livestock production

Abstract. Ammonia (NH3) emissions can negatively affect ecosystems and human health, so they should be monitored and mitigated. This study presents methodology for the estimation of uncertainties in NH3 emissions measurements using the solar occultation flux (SOF) method. The reactive nature of NH3 makes its measurement challenging, but SOF offers a reliable open-path passive method which utilizes solar spectrum data, thereby avoiding gas adsorption within the instrument. To compute NH3 gas fluxes, horizontal and vertical wind speed profiles, as well as plume height estimates and spatially resolved column measurements, are integrated. A unique aspect of this work is the first-time description of plume height estimations derived from ground and column NH3 concentration measurements aimed at uncertainty reduction. Initial validation tests indicated measurement errors between −31 % and +14 % on average, which was slightly larger than the estimated expanded uncertainty ranging from ± 12 % to ± 17 %. Application of the methodology to assess emission rates from farms of various sizes showed uncertainties between ± 21 % and ± 37 %, generally influenced by systematic wind uncertainties and random errors. The method demonstrates the capacity to measure NH3 emissions from both small (∼ 0.5–1 kg h−1) and large (∼ 100 kg h−1) sources in high-density farming areas. Generally, the SOF method provided an expanded uncertainty below 30 % in measuring NH3 emissions from livestock production, which could be further improved by adhering to best application practices. This paper's findings offer the potential for broader applications, such as measuring NH3 fluxes from fertilized fields and in the oil and gas sector. However, these applications would require further research to adapt and refine the methodologies for these specific contexts.

Misappropriation in the Nigerian Oil and Gas Sector: Strategies for the Accountant General of the Federation

The study addressed the “Misappropriation in the Nigerian Oil and Gas Sector.” The paper employed a theoretical and content analysis approach, conducting an extensive review of literature from online journals and databases of standard-setting bodies such as the Auditing Standards Board and the Association of Certified Chartered Accountants (ACCA). Drawing from the Fraud Triangle Theory, the paper highlighted the three primary factors-opportunity, pressure, and rationalization-that motivate individuals to engage in fraudulent activities. The findings underscored the role of weak governance structures, political interference, and institutional deficiencies as key drivers of misappropriation and corruption within the Nigerian oil and gas sector. Moreover, the literature reviews revealed strategies to combat corruption, including strengthening regulatory frameworks, leveraging technology, and promoting a culture of integrity and ethical leadership. Effective measures to address misappropriation in the Nigerian oil and gas sector require comprehensive reforms, collaborative efforts between stakeholders, and rigorous enforcement and monitoring of policies. As the Accountant General of the Federation, it is recommended to prioritize accountability, transparency, and good governance through regular independent audits, establishment of a specialized anti-corruption unit, adoption of international accounting standards, implementation of whistleblower protection mechanisms, and ongoing capacity building and training programs for finance professionals and public officials involved in managing finances within the sector.

ПРИНЦИПЫ ЦИРКУЛЯРНОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ В СОЗДАНИИ ЗАМКНУТЫХ ЦИКЛОВ ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ ОСАДКА СТОЧНЫХ ВОД В ОРГАНИЧЕСКОЕ УДОБРЕНИЕ

The article is devoted to the prospects for implementing the principles of a circular economy in the oil and gas sector. The purpose of this study is to consider the possibility of creating closed cycles for processing sewage sludge into organic fertilizer. In view of the fact that the resulting wastewater sludge at an oil and gas enterprise can be processed into an effective organic fertilizer, we decided to calculate the effectiveness of this process and identify its feasibility. The methodological justification is built through the use of comparative and calculation-analytical analysis methods, which include the collection and analysis of the main indicators of the development of the organic fertilizer market in the region. The article analyzes literary sources on research issues in recent years. A SWOT analysis of the factors influencing the creation of closed cycles for processing sewage sludge into organic fertilizer was carried out. As a result of the analysis, potential opportunities and threats for the development of a circular economy were identified. Strengths and opportunities were found to outweigh weaknesses and threats. Among the strengths and opportunities, the following prevail: the possibility of recycling sewage sludge, reducing environmental pollution, reducing the carbon tax at enterprises in the oil and gas sector, building a circular economy at the enterprise. The efficiency of processing sewage sludge into organic fertilizer was calculated, which corresponds to the principles of a circular economy. The calculation showed the feasibility of using a circular economy in the oil and gas sector.

The Effect of Digital Transformation on Employee Performance with Mediation Role of Technological Infrastructure: Evidence from Egyptian Oil and Gas Sector

The Effect of Digital Transformation on Employee Performance with Mediation Role of Technological Infrastructure: Evidence from Egyptian Oil and Gas Sector

Global Oil Industry: Environmental Sustainability Efforts by Corporations and Governments

The global oil industry, long criticized for its substantial environmental footprint, is at a crossroads.Faced with the urgent need for environmental sustainability, both corporations and governments are implementing strategies to reduce emissions, enhance energy efficiency, and transition to cleaner energy sources. This article delves into these initiatives, exploring how they are reshaping the oil sector and contributing to global environmental goals.

Financial stability strategies for oil companies amidst high volatility in the global oil products market

The increasing instability within the global oil sector poses a challenge for contemporary companies to devise and implement effective financial stability strategies. The aim of this study is to analyse the financial stability strategies employed by oil companies, explore alternative approaches amidst the global volatility of the oil market, and develop a methodological framework for evaluating financial strategies, utilising an alternative options matrix. The author's methodological approach is proposed: a matrix of the company's alternative financial strategies is created. In this study, data from the top 10 largest oil companies in the world for the years 2015–2019 were utilised. Exxon Mobil and CNPC exhibit the lowest level of financial stability. A sustainable growth strategy is necessary for Aramco, Rosneft, and ADNOK. Kazmunaigas should adopt a strategy focused on ensuring financial stability in the event of adverse external conditions. For Exxon Mobil, maintaining financial stability is a relevant strategy. CNPC should consider implementing a financial stabilisation strategy contingent upon favourable market dynamics. The practical significance of the research results lies in providing specific conclusions and recommendations regarding optimal financial stability strategies for oil companies and stakeholders amidst global market volatility conditions. The analysis of the alternative financial strategies matrix may serve as a foundation for managerial decision-making aimed at ensuring company resilience in fluctuating economic environments and enhancing their competitiveness.

Kebijakan Pemerintah Dalam Penentuan Kontrak Gross Split Sektor Minyak Dan Gas Di Indonesia

As a solution to the problem of the Cost Recovery production sharing contract system, the Government of Indonesia through the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources issued Regulation of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources of the Republic of Indonesia Number 08 of 2017 concerning Gross Split Production Sharing Contracts. This new regulation is motivated by the low number and length of time it took for oil and gas reserves to be discovered, accompanied by Non-Tax State Revenue (PNBP) for the upstream oil and gas sector which continues to decline. The Gross Split production sharing contract scheme also offers a reduction in bureaucracy in investing which is expected to attract investors to carry out exploration and exploitation in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the legal principles related to Gross Split regulations in the aspect of improving the investment climate for upstream oil and gas and analyze the new role of the Oil and Gas Special Task Force as an institution appointed by the state to exercise control and supervision of the activities of Cooperation Contract Contractors in Sharing Contracts.

Canadian productivity growth: Stuck in the oil sands

AbstractWe study the behaviour of Canadian Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth over the past 60 years. We find that the observed stagnation during the last 20 years is accounted for entirely by the oil sector. Higher oil prices made capital‐intensive sources of oil like the oil sands viable to extract on a commercial scale. However, the greater input required per barrel of oil slowed TFP growth. Comparing Canadian TFP growth with that of the United States and Norway reinforces these results. However, our result should not be interpreted to carry any welfare implications.

Between citizens and sit-inners: the 2017 Kamour sit-in and disidentification in Tunisia’s south

ABSTRACT This paper considers the 2017 Kamour sit-in as an example of lived citizenship. Composed of young men from the marginalized south of Tunisia, the Kamour sit-inners mobilized in pursuit of employment, regional development, transparency within the oil and gas sector and a life of dignity. To draw attention to their cause, the sit-inners disrupted the region’s hydrocarbon infrastructure through a series of roadblocks and sit-ins, culminating in turning off the pumping valve at the remote Kamour oil pumping facility. Throughout, the sit-inners framed their demands and actions in relation to Tunisian citizenship. The paper explores how a citizen subjectivity was constructed in conjuncture with the experience of living and protesting in Tunisia’s marginalized south. Drawing on Jacques Rancière’s notion of subjectivization, and the attendant concept of disidentification, I argue for the Kamour sit-in as a site where sit-inners creatively disordered the content and meaning of Tunisian citizenship, reimagining a citizen subjectivity grounded in the lived experience of Tunisia’s south.

Enhancing Operational Efficiency and Cash Flow through Supply Chain Optimization in the Oil and Gas Sector

The oil and gas industry continues to play a vital role in meeting the world's energy needs. As renewable energy sources gain traction, there is an imperative to refine operational models, prioritizing sustainability, and cost-effectiveness. This study employs a comprehensive conceptual framework integrating critical analysis of business scenarios, product positioning, and market segmentation. The study adopts supply network optimization, encompassing demand forecasting, inventory management, transportation, production scheduling, cash flow management, and data analytics. The research evaluates three supply models: Satellite Manufacturing, Hub Manufacturing, and Contract Manufacturing. It employs scenario analysis to assess the impact of supply chain strategies on operating and cash cycles. The analysis reveals that Hub- based contract manufacturing is the most effective model. The research demonstrates that optimizing supply networks directly influences the operating and cash cycles of companies in the Oil and Gas industry. By reducing inventory levels, optimizing supplier payment terms, and streamlining production processes, organizations can achieve cost savings, improve efficiency, and enhance cash flow management. The study underscores the importance of thorough analysis and strategic decision-making in selecting supply chain models to enhance cost efficiency, operational effectiveness, and cash flow management. The study is limited to midstream and downstream services and may vary based on industry contexts. Future research could explore additional supply chain strategies across different sectors. This research contributes to the sustainable consumption and value co-creation literature by offering practical insights for businesses operating in the oil and gas industry or similar contexts. It provides a framework for optimizing supply chain models to improve cost efficiency and cash flow management, thereby enhancing overall business performance.

Valorization of monovarietal Nostrana di Brisighella extra virgin olive oils: focus on bioactive compounds.

A "green breakthough" at the table due to consumer demand for healthy and sustainable foods, which aligns with the typical Mediterranean diet, has recently led to an increase in the consumption of products such as extra virgin olive oil. In fact, Italian olive cultivation, which contributes an average of 15% of world production, has seen the production of extra virgin olive oil with a value of exports that have doubled in the last 20 years. In this context, the olive oil sector of the Emilia-Romagna region (Italy), and in particular the PDO Brisighella, could achieve greater success with consumers by proposing a product obtained through sustainable agriculture that enhances the content of bioactive compounds. For these reasons, in this study, different agronomic variables are investigated in order to optimize the presence of bioactive components in extra virgin olive oil made from monovarietal Nostrana di Brisighella, namely phenolic and positive volatile compounds, thus naturally enriching this product both from health and sensory points of view. The study focuses on the volatile and phenolic fractions (derivatives of hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol) of olive oil and the positive sensory attributes (fruity, bitter and pungent) that are known to be associated with these molecules. The phenolic content is of particular interest due to the potential to support health claims. Extra virgin olive oil samples were produced from olives of the Nostrana di Brisighella cultivar; fruits were obtained through integrated pest management or organic farming and picked at four increasing indices of maturity, corresponding to four successive weeks of harvesting. These agronomic variables influenced the compositional and sensory characteristics of the extra virgin olive oils assessed, highlighting differences that likely derive from the effect of the agronomic system used, i.e., integrated pest management or organic farming.

Model-based financial regulations impair the transition to net-zero carbon emissions

AbstractInvestments via the financial system are essential for fostering the green transition. However, the role of existing financial regulations in influencing investment decisions is understudied. Here we analyse data from the European Banking Authority to show that existing financial accounting frameworks might inadvertently be creating disincentives for investments in low-carbon assets. We find that differences in the provision coverage ratio indicate that banks must account for nearly double the loan loss provisions for lending to low-carbon sectors as compared with high-carbon sectors. This bias is probably the result of basing risk estimates on historical data. We show that the average historical financial risk of the oil and gas sector has been consistently estimated to be lower than that of renewable energy. These results indicate that this bias could be present in other model-based regulations, such as capital requirements, and possibly impact the ability of banks to fund green investments.

Innovation Ecosystem for Resource-Rich Countries: Validation of Entrepreneurship Framework for Qatar as a Case

This study investigated how entrepreneurship can reshape resource-based countries such as Qatar into more diverse, sustainable, and knowledge-driven economies. By integrating both exploratory and quantitative research methods, it closely examines how various elements, including government policies, societal values, financial aids, and technological advancements, interact to influence entrepreneurial success. A significant part of the research involves a survey design based on initial qualitative research from a previous study to test the effectiveness of these strategic suggestions. This paper presents targeted recommendations for stakeholders to enhance entrepreneurship education, streamline business regulations, and introduce a national entrepreneurship zone (ENT-Q) facilitated by a digital platform (Ryadah). These steps aim to improve the entrepreneurial environment significantly, making it easier to access crucial business information, support small businesses through dedicated funds, and shift towards a diversified and knowledge-based economy. The anticipated result is better policymaking in entrepreneurship, increased entrepreneurial activity and success, and a move away from reliance on traditional oil and gas sectors. By offering a detailed plan for promoting entrepreneurship in resource-rich settings, this paper contributes valuable insights into economic diversification and sustainable development, providing actionable strategies that can be adapted to similar economies worldwide in a manner that is more accessible and understandable.