Oil Rubber Research Articles

Studies on the alcoholysis of some seed oils

The effects of time and temperature on the alcoholysis of rubber seed, melon seed, linseed, and soyabean oils have been studied. The following temperatures were investigated: 200, 220, 245, and 260°C. Litharge (PbO) was used as the alcoholysis catalyst. The optimum alcoholysis temperature was found to be 245 ± 2 °C for each of the oils. At lower alcoholysis temperatures (<245°C), there is the preferential alcoholysis of seed oils derived from unsaturated acid; and the general alcoholysis rates were found to be in the following order: linseed oil rubber seed oil ≥ soyabean oil melon seed oil. The alcohol-solubility of the oils is generally observed to begin at 42-45% conversion of oils to monoglycerides. The α-monoglyceride contents of the alcoholysis mixtures of rubber seed and linseed oils were generally similar at methanol tolerance, and higher than those of melon seed and soyabean oils.

Coolie or Worker? Crossing the Lines in Colonial Java, 1780–1942

In the historical context of colonial Indonesia, Coolie as a way of designating labour has been associated primarily with indentured, migrant, plantation workers in the so-called Outer Islands, principally Sumatra, where coolies from Java and southern China were the mainstay of the workforce on the island's tobacco, rubber and palm oil ‘estates’ from the 1880s through to the end of the colonial era more than half a century later.

Protection of steel structures in industries with epoxy‐silicone based coatings

This article presents a study of the major corrosion problems of steel structures in rubber and palm oil mill industries in Malaysia. Such structures, improperly coated with protective treatment (commercial coatings) were easily damaged by corrosion due to the environment within a month’s time. In order to prevent these types of corrosion problems, the epoxy‐silicone resin based paints were developed. The performance of the coatings were evaluated. These studies confirm the fact that the epoxy‐silicone coatings are effectively useful for protection of steel structures in these industries for considerably longer times.

ゴムフェンダとオイルダンパとの特性の比較

ゴムフェンダとオイルダンパとの特性の比較

Experience in operating and reconstructing the turbine bearings of units of the Sayano-Shushenskoe hydroelectric station

The 15-year operating experience showed that the right choice of the design of the guide bearing was made. Today it can be considered among the most reliable components of the turbine. The existing opinion about the higher reliability of only rubber ring and oil bearings is not quite correct; where the specifications allow, one can safely use the design of a segmental turbine bearing with water lubrication.

Effect of urban and industrial wastes on species diversity of the diatom community in a tropical river, Malaysia

Monthly species diversity and other components of diversity of diatom samples collected over a period of one year at eight stations in the Linggi River Basin, Malaysia were analysed. Species diversity ranged between 0.52–3.62 bits individua−1. Among the four stations located in the Linggi River (sensu stricto), highest diversity values were recorded at a station polluted by rubber effluent, followed by the stations unpolluted from point sources. Lowest diversity was recorded at a station polluted with urban sewage. At Kundor River, highest diversity was recorded at stations located downstream of rubber and palm oil waste discharges. On the whole, diversity values at unpolluted stations were always lower than at mildly polluted stations. Severe organic loadings caused low diversity by reducing the number of species (species richness) but did not increase the evenness (equitability) as expected when compared with unpolluted or mildly polluted stations. The changes in species diversity can be related to changes in diatom community structure and thereby changes in water quality, but cannot be used as an index of water quality.

The effect of type and amount of carbon black on the interaction between polychloroprene rubber and motor oil

AbstractThe interaction constants between polychloroprene rubber, containing different amounts and types of carbon black, and a motor oil were experimentally determined. It was found that the interaction constant values are not affected by the type of carbon black as long as the mixes contain the same filler concentration and category, whereas mixes containing the same filler type but of different concentrations show different interaction constants.

Studies on The Modification of Epoxy Resin with Silicone Rubber

Abstract In order to find a compatibilizer for epoxy resin/silicone rubber systems, interfacial tension of epoxy resin mixed with modified silicone oils which had the compatible groups to epoxy resin was measured against RTV silicone rubber and silicone oil. From the results, it was found that one of polyether modified silicone oils (EtMPS) had strong interfacial activity. Then using the EtMPS as the compatibilizer, RTV silicone rubber or silicone diamine was filled in epoxy resin. The effects of silicone content of these materials on impact fracture energy and on peel strength were investigated. The impact fracture energy of epoxy resin was increased by the addition of RTV silicone rubber up to two times that of unmodified resin while silicone diamine had almost no effect which might be due to the small molecular weight. T-peel strengths of aluminium plates bonded by epoxy resin filled with RTV silicone rubber and with silicone diamine effectively increased with the increasing of silicone content showing...

An option pricing approach to the valuation of rubber and palm oil producers

Advances in the option pricing literature have important implications for more basic valuation problems. An option pricing approach to the valuation of risky firms can accommodate uncertainty about product market conditions and managerial decisions more readily than a discounted cash flow approach. This paper adapts the stock option pricing approach of Black and Scholes (1973) to the valuation of shares of rubber and palm oil producers. A case study assesses the power of an option-based model to predict market share prices of a rubber and palm oil producer listed on the Stock Exchange of Singapore.

The ASEAN Energy Scene in Global Perspective

IN THE LAST TWO YEARS I have been studying the energy plans and prospects of the five countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)-Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand-both as a normal extension of my long-standing interest in this region and because, despite geographic contiguity and socioeconomic similarity, these five countries illustrate a wide range of energy problems. Indonesia is an OPEC country with a low per capita GNP and the fifth largest population in the world. It must conserve its oil and natural gas for export in order to acquire foreign exchange for its economic development. Endowed with natural resources, renewable as well as nonrenewable, Indonesia has a range of alternative energy options. Malaysia is a prosperous small LDC, which earns much of its foreign exchange from the export of rubber, tin, and palm oil. It recently discovered enough oil and natural gas to make it self-sufficient in energy for at least the next fifteen years, but exports of oil and gas are becoming an increasingly important part of its foreign exchange earnings. The Philippines and Thailand are medium sized oil-importing countries that experienced the full impact of the 1973-1974 oil price increase. They spend currently at least a quarter of their export earnings on oil imports. Although their foreign exchange earnings from rice or sugar helped them overcome the 1973-1974 increase in oil prices, they are anxious to reduce dependence on oil by developing all alternative energy sources available to them. Singapore is a rapidly developing city state that the World Bank and the IMF no longer consider an LDC. It

Rotary Shaft Seals: The Sealing Mechanism of Synthetic Rubber Seals Running at Atmospheric Pressure

The paper describes an investigation to establish the mechanism by which sealing is achieved in the conventional synthetic rubber oil seal when used on a rotating shaft. After demonstrating that the contact between the seal and the shaft cannot be dry contact—that there is in fact what appears to be a coherent film of oil between the sealing lip and the rotating shaft—further experiments are described to find out why the oil in the film does not flow out past the seal. The conclusion is reached that there is a meniscus at the oil/air interface and that retention of the oil in the oil film is effected by the surface tension of the oil.

ROTARY SHAFT SEALS

THIS paper describes an investigation to establish the mechanism by which sealing is achieved in the conventional synthetic rubber oil seal when used on a rotating shaft.

Some Notes on Synthetic Rubber Oil Seal Applications

Some Notes on Synthetic Rubber Oil Seal Applications

Some Notes on Synthetic Rubber Oil Seal Applications

Some Notes on Synthetic Rubber Oil Seal Applications

Colloid Chemical Changes in Rubber and Fatty Oils

Abstract In attempting to solve many of the problems in connection with the chemistry of rubber and of the fatty oils, it is usually found necessary to employ the main principles of colloid chemistry. It is, however, impossible definitely to classify rubber, as either lyophobic or lyophilic in nature. Raw rubber, such as pale crepe or smoked sheet, is in the presence of organic solvents of lyophilic nature, whereas it is entirely lyophobic when dispersed in water. Rubber latex shows an intermediate behavior between lyophobic and lyophilic systems. After neutralization of the electrical charge of the particles, i. e., at the so-called isoelectric point and slightly beyond it, the rubber particles do not flocculate. From this behavior it may be imagined that latex is a lyophilic system, but it is found that a comparatively small excess of electrolyte causes complete flocculation of the rubber, i. e., the salting-out of the rubber particles. Freundlich and Hauser (Kolloid Z., 1925, Erg. Bd. 36) have shown that the rubber particles in latex are made up of a liquid interior and a semi-solid external layer. The protein and resin content of the latex are supposed to be present in this external layer of the particles. Von Weimam (Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 3, 157 (1928)) has found that if latex is treated with solvents or solutions which are dispergators (dispersing agents) of protein compounds, and which thus cause a dispersion of the proteins from the external layer of the particles, the emulsion of the rubber hydrocarbon, normally lyophobic in character, will immediately assume a lyophilic nature and the whole system will gelatinize to a solid mass. It seems to be probable that in latex the rubber hydrocarbon is in a lyophilic state and that the partly lyophobic nature of latex is due to the lyophobic character of the protecting protein layer. Immediately this is dispersed, the lyophilic nature of the rubber hydrocarbon becomes evident. Concentrated lithium iodide solution acts as a suitable protein dispergator. As proteins have partly lyophobic and partly lyophilic nature, it is possible that the protein itself forms a gel skeleton containing the rubber hydrocarbon particles dispersed in it. In this case the rubber hydrocarbon may be of a lyophobic nature. Against this hypothesis is the fact that the gelatinization occurs in the presence of protein dispergators and not in the presence of protein coagulators.

Rubber oil for mosquitoes

Rubber oil for mosquitoes

Patents Relating to Chemistry: 212,058.Rubber oils

Patents Relating to Chemistry: 212,058.Rubber oils