Properties Of Oil Research Articles

Influence of metal particles shape on direct current voltage electric properties of nanofluids

It is widely recognized that the application of nanoparticles has the potential to improve the dielectric properties of transformer oil. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of studies that have utilized pure nanofluids, and in practical applications, it is inevitable for transformer oil to become contaminated. Therefore, this study conducted tests to investigate how the shape and size of metal contaminants impact the dielectric performance of Fe3O4 nanofluids. The findings from the levitation voltage test indicate that as the size and diameter of the particle increase, the levitation voltage value measured also increases, and conversely. Moreover, a higher concentration of nanoparticles leads to a higher measured levitation voltage value. On the other hand, the breakdown voltage test results demonstrate that larger and sharper particles result in lower measured breakdown voltage values, and vice versa. The simulation outcomes regarding electric field distribution reveal that larger and sharper particles correspond to higher measured electric field values, while the opposite is true for smaller and less sharp particles.

Physicochemical Properties of Nanoencapsulated Essential Oils: Optimizing D-Limonene Preservation

Essential oils exhibit antioxidant properties but are prone to oxidative degradation under environmental conditions, making their preservation crucial. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to evaluate the physicochemical properties of nanoencapsulated essential oils (EOs) extracted from the peel of sweet lemon, mandarin, lime, and orange using four formulations of wall materials consisting of gum arabic (GA), maltodextrin (MD), and casein (CAS). The results showed that EOs from sweet lemon, mandarin, lime, and orange showed higher solubility (79.5% to 93.5%) when encapsulated with GA/MD. Likewise, EOs from sweet lemon showed the highest phenolic content when using GA/CAS (228.27 mg GAE/g sample), and the encapsulated EOs of sweet lemon and mandarin with GA/MD/CAS (1709 and 1599 μmol TE/g) had higher antioxidant capacity. On the other hand, higher encapsulation efficiency was obtained in EOs of lime encapsulated with GA/MD (68.5%), and the nanoencapsulates of EOs from sweet lemon with GA/MD had higher D-limonene content (613 ng/mL). Using gum arabic and maltodextrin increased the encapsulation efficiency and D-limonene content in EO of sweet lemon. On the other hand, the formulations with casein were the most efficient wall materials for retaining D-limonene from the EOs of mandarin, lime, and orange.

Chemical profiling, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil of Matricaria recutita (Chamomile)

Matricaria recutita, commonly known as chamomile, is extensively utilized in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries for its medicinal and essential oil properties. Local people from the Karnali Province of Nepal use this plant against skin and vaginal infection by bacteria and fungi. This research focuses on extracting essential oil through hydro-distillation, followed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) to identify its chemical constituents and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities against bacteria and fungi responsible for common skin infections. The GC-MS analysis of the essential oil from M. recutita identified eleven chemical components. The major constituents, with respective area percentages at retention times 37.16, 11.79, and 7.88 in the GC chromatogram, were -farnesene (46.56%), -bisabolol oxide-A (11.79%), and menthol (7.88%). Limonene, methyl salicylate, and -bisabolol oxide-B also constituted the lowest area percentages at 1.36%, 1.59%, and 1.62%, respectively. The essential oil exhibited significant antioxidant activity with IC50 = 0.1924 µL/mL. Additionally, the essential oil exhibited notable antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538P and Candida albicans, displaying zones of inhibition measuring 10.64 mm and 14.44 mm, respectively. The broth method also revealed that the MIC is above the 250 mg/mL range and has more potential for inhibition.

Olive Oil Quality Produced Under Conventional and Organic Farming Systems in a Multisite Two-Year Evaluation in Greece

Six olive groves (three conventional and three organic) of “Koroneiki” olive cultivar were selected in two different provinces in southern Greece during a two-year trial (one province per year). At harvest, the oil was extracted from olive fruits using an Abenchor-type olive mill. Olive oil quality characteristics, including free acidity, ultraviolet absorbance indexes, peroxide value, free fatty acids, total and individual phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity, and α-tocopherol content, were assessed. During the second year, olive oil samples were stored for 12 months, and their quality was re-evaluated. Few significant differences were observed between organically and conventionally produced olive oils, while the quality of both deteriorated significantly after storage (decrease in antioxidant capacity and major phenolic compounds, except for hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol, and increase in peroxide index value). Principal component analysis revealed that, during the first year, oils produced following organic and conventional practices could be distinguished; however, this distinction was not evident during the second year. Nevertheless, significant differentiation was found between oils produced under the same cultivation practice. In conclusion, the discrepancies found in the literature regarding organic versus conventional olive oil properties probably originate from the differences detected even among similar products (organic or conventional), including high-standard deviations.

An Investigation into the Lifespan of Brush DC Motor with Different Oil Properties

An Investigation into the Lifespan of Brush DC Motor with Different Oil Properties

A Comparative Study on the Structural, Physicochemical, Release, and Antioxidant Properties of Sodium Casein and Gelatin Films Containing Sea Buckthorn Oil

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of increasing concentrations (0, 1, 2, 4%) of sea buckthorn oil (SBO) on the structural, physicochemical, release, and antioxidant properties of glycerol-plasticized sodium casein (NaCAS) and gelatin (GEL) films. Ultrasonic treatment ensured effective homogenization of SBO in both types of emulsions, resulting in yellow-tinted semi-opaque films with relatively low micro-roughness. Generally, GEL films demonstrated lower UV barrier properties and solubility but exhibited higher compactness, crystallinity, transparency, surface hydrophobicity, oxygen barrier performance, strength, and antiradical activity compared to their NaCAS-based counterparts. In a concentration-dependent manner, SBO decreased the solubility and water absorption of the gelatin-based film and enhanced its oxygen permeability. Conversely, SBO improved the water vapor barrier properties of both films in a concentration-independent manner. At the highest SBO concentration, the tensile strength of NaCAS- and GEL-based films decreased by 27% and 20%, respectively, while their antiradical activity increased by 9.3× and 4.3× (based on the time required for the half-neutralization of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals). Migration studies showed that at the lowest concentration, SBO was released (into 95% ethanol) approximately 2× faster from the GEL-based film than from the NaCAS film, whereas at higher concentrations, the trend reversed.

Recent developments in solar energy-based systems for essential oil extraction from aromatic and medicinal plants: an overview.

The present study summarises recent developments in solar-assisted extraction systems for distillation of essential oil from aromatic and medicinal plants. Various solar integrated essential oil extraction systems are compared based on performance parameters such as essential oil yield and system efficiency along with their potential effects on the domains of renewable energy. Solar steam distillation is an environmentally beneficial and energy-efficient technology of desalination that is especially ideal for areas with plentiful sun resources. Incorporating solar energy into the extraction process not only improves the sustainability of the production of essential oils but also presents a possible means of lowering carbon emissions. The study covers several new concepts aimed at enhancing the performance and application of solar steam distillation systems. Therapeutic properties of essential oils are also discussed. Among various plant species, maximum essential oil yield (2.2%) has been found for lemongrass grass and the system with the highest efficiency (60.25%) is the one with parabolic dish collector. Minimum essential oil yield (0.46%) is noted for rosemary and minimum system efficiency (8.37%) has been found for square parabolic trough collector.

Menthone lowers H3K27ac levels to inhibit Fusarium proliferatum growth

BackgroundThe antifungal properties of essential oils (EOs) and their active constituents have been well documented. Histone acetylation is pivotal in modulating gene expression and influences biological processes in living organisms.ResultsThis study demonstrated that menthone, the primary component of Mentha haplocalyx EO, exhibited notable antifungal activity against Fusarium proliferatum (EC50 = 6.099 mmol/L). The treatment significantly inhibited hyphal growth, reduced spore germination rates from 31.49 to 4.95%, decreased spore viability from 46.88 to 20.91%, and reduced spore production by a factor of 17.92 compared with the control group while simultaneously enhancing cell membrane permeability. However, the direct relationship between menthone and histone acetylation in inhibiting F. proliferatum remains nebulous. Our RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis identified 7,332 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the control and menthone-treated groups, 3,442 upregulated and 3,880 downregulated, primarily enriched in pathways related to ribosome biogenesis and energy metabolism. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) analysis revealed that menthone inhibited the growth of F. proliferatum by decreasing H3K27ac levels and interfering with the transcription of energy metabolism-related genes. By integrating the RNA-seq data with the ChIP-seq results, we identified 110 DEGs associated with reduced H3K27ac modification primarily associated with ribosome biogenesis. Menthone affected the growth of F. proliferatum by reducing the expression of ribosome biogenesis-related genes (FPRO_06392, FPRO_01260, FPRO_10795, and FPRO_01372).ConclusionThis study elucidated the mechanism by which menthone inhibits F. proliferatum growth from a histone acetylation modification perspective, providing insights into its application as an antifungal agent to prevent root rot in Panax notoginseng.

Study on the Influence of Nanofiller Additives in Enhancing Electrical Insulation Performance and Thermal Properties of Biodegradable Oils for Electrical Insulation Applications

Study on the Influence of Nanofiller Additives in Enhancing Electrical Insulation Performance and Thermal Properties of Biodegradable Oils for Electrical Insulation Applications

EHL Traction Coefficient Is Not a Property of the Liquid Alone

Abstract The slow progress in prediction of elastohydrodynamic film thickness and friction may be attributed to the mistaken notion that a traction curve is equivalent to a rheological flow curve. A similar concept is being standardized by Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) for the traction coefficient of aerospace oils. Four standards teach that traction coefficient is an inherent physical property of an oil and that full film traction does not depend upon the roller material and that there can be traction measurements which do not depend on the test rig. These traction coefficients are to be employed in models for thermal management analyses without the need for measuring primary properties. Through example calculations, using primary properties of a turbine oil, it is shown here that elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) friction is not a property of the liquid alone, and that it depends on at least two contact characteristics as well; namely, the aspect ratio and scale. Within the tribology literature, there is much evidence of the dependence of EHL friction on other contact parameters as well that are not characteristic of the fluid.

Advanced manufacture of polyphenols, essential oils and bacterial cellulose in a novel citrus processing wastewater biorefinery.

Herein, a citrus processing wastewater-based biorefinery has been developed manufacturing essential oils, polyphenols and bacterial cellulose. Liquid-liquid extraction was evaluated for isolation of essential oils assessing different organic solvents, recovering 0.45kg of essential oils per m3 of wastewater using n-heptane. Amberilte® XAD4, XAD16N and XAD7HP, PurSorb™ PAD900, biochar and activated biochar were compared as adsorbents for polyphenols recovery, demonstrating that the adsorption isotherms of the resins applied could be closely predicted using the Langmuir model. Adsorption and desorption density experiments exhibited that the phenolic content present in citrus processing wastewater could be efficiently recovered using PAD900, yielding 0.78kg of polyphenols per m3 of wastewater. The sugar content remaining following polyphenols adsorption was applied for bacterial cellulose production employing Komagataeibacter sucrofermentans DSM 15973 determining the biopolymer's production efficiency as well as morphological and structural properties at different carbon to free amino nitrogen ratios. The higher content of the biomaterial was obtained employing 15.0 carbon to free amino nitrogen ratio, which yielded 4.4kg of biopolymer per m3 of wastewater. The study has shown that by decreasing the carbon to free amino nitrogen ratio could enable enhancing the water-holding capacity of bacterial cellulose, exhibiting that the control of fermentation conditions could potentially enable tailoring the properties of the biomaterial for certain industrial applications. The bioactive, antioxidant and preservative properties of essential oils and polyphenols constitute the aforementioned products significant for a range of industrial applications within the pharmaceutical, cosmetics and food sectors.

POTENTIAL OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF ALPINIA ZERUMBET (PERS.) B.L. BURTT & R. M. SM. (COLONIA) AGAINST ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, THROUGH ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTICHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY IN VITRO AND IN SILICO STUDIES

The plant Alpinia zerumbet, commonly known as "Colonia," is widely utilized in traditional medicine for addressing anxiety and hypertension, both of which are associated with oxidative damage in the brain. This study aimed to explore the antioxidant and anticholinesterase properties of the essential oil extracted from its leaves. Additionally, an in-silico investigation was carried out on several essential oil constituents concerning the acetylcholinesterase enzyme. The GC/MS analysis identified nineteen volatile compounds, mainly monoterpenoids (98.41%), particularly terpinen-4-ol, eucalyptol,

In Vitro and In Ovo Evaluation of Oenothera biennis L. Oil as an Alternative Preservative for Oil-Based Products.

There is a growing need for safer alternatives to synthetic additives commonly used in lipophilic carriers for products such as foods, pharmaceuticals, personal care items, and cosmetics. Natural antioxidants, which prevent lipid peroxidation while providing additional health benefits, offer a promising solution. Evening primrose oil, a rich source of antioxidant compounds with numerous biological benefits, emerges as a potential natural preservative for oil-based products. Our study evaluates a combination of sunflower oil, a widely used cold-pressed oil, with evening primrose oil for potential applications in various fields such as cosmetic, pharmaceutical, or food manufacturing. Various methods were applied to assess oxidative stability by calculating the peroxide value, the p-anisidine value, and the total oxidation value, while biological safety was evaluated using the chick embryo's chorioallantoic membrane and histological analysis. The findings highlight that evening primrose oil, with its balanced effects on epithelial tissues and vascularization, as well as its strong anti-lipid peroxidation properties, is a suitable alternative to synthetic preservatives when used in combination with cold-pressed oils. This proposed oil combination, emphasizing the safety and beneficial properties of evening primrose oil, shows significant potential for applications in the pharmaceutical industry, dermatology, cosmetology, and food manufacturing.

Evaluation of Cinnamon Essential Oil and Its Emulsion on Biofilm-Associated Components of Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Strains.

Acinetobacter baumannii, one of the most dangerous pathogens, is able to form biofilm structures and aggravate its treatment. For that reason, new antibiofilm agents are in need, and new sources of antibiofilm compounds are being sought from plants and their products. Cinnamon essential oil is associated with a wide spectrum of biological activities, but with a further improvement of its physicochemical properties it could provide even better bioavailability. The aim of this work was the evaluation of the antibiofilm properties of cinnamon essential oil and its emulsion. In order to evaluate the antibiofilm activity, crystal violet assay was performed to determine biofilm biomass. The main components of the biofilm matrix were measured as well as the motile capacity of the tested strains. Gene expression was monitored with RT-qPCR, while treated biofilms were observed with Raman spectroscopy. A particularly strong potential against pre-formed biofilm with a decreased biomass of up to 66% was found. The effect was monitored not only with regard to the whole biofilm biomass, but also on the individual components of the biofilm matrix such as exopolysaccharides, proteins, and eDNA molecules. Protein share drops in treated biofilms demonstrated the most consistency among strains and rose to 75%. The changes in strain motility and gene expressions were investigated after the treatments were carried out. Raman spectroscopy revealed the influence of the studied compounds on chemical bond types and the components present in the biofilm matrix of the tested strains. The results obtained from this research are promising regarding cinnamon essential oil and its emulsion as potential antibiofilm agents, so further investigation of their activity is encouraged for their potential use in biomedical applications.

Experimental study of the effect of the properties of motor oils on the vibration and noise levels of internal combustion engines

The article discusses the results of an experimental study of the effect of the properties of domestic engine oils with copper-based additives produced by Kupper on the vibration and noise levels of marine propulsion systems using the example of a 3D6 diesel engine. 3D6 diesels are representatives that widely cover both the transport and marine sectors of power plants, which explains their choice as an object of research. Increased noise and vibration levels on ships negatively affect crew members and passengers and lead to fatigue and distraction of the watchmen. The engine oil used was standard MS20 oil, which is used for high-speed marine diesel engines and an innovative oil with copper-based additives. Comparative measurements of vibration and noise were carried out on a Yaroslavets-class vessel using an authorized vibration and noise meter of the first class Ecophysics110A. As a result of the study, it was found that vibrations in the most vibro-active modes of operation of the 3D6 diesel engine are reduced by 30–50 % when using oil with copper-based additives. The use of oil with copper-based additives also has an effect on reducing noise in the engine room, but in the high-frequency spectrum with a frequency of more than 1000 Hz. More effectively, engine oil with copper-based additives affects the reduction of the overall noise level in the wheelhouse of the vessel and as a result, an effect of about 3 dB was achieved, which reduces the effect of noise by 1.4 times in terms of physical perception for humans.

Experimental study of the effect of the properties of motor oils on the level of torsional vibrations of the shaft line of the Yaroslavets type vessel

The article presents the results of an experimental study of the influence of motor oil properties on the level of torsional vibrations of the propeller shaft of a Yaroslavets-type vessel. The tests were carried out on mooring lines to create the maximum load on the 3D6 main engine using standard MS20 motor oil and oil with copper additives. Torsional vibrations were measured using a certified verified strain gauge complex “Astech Electronics” (Great Britain) installed on the propeller shaft. The study found that the use of oil with copper additives and MS20 oil does not significantly affect the amplitudes of torsional vibrations of the ship’s propeller shaft in the range of crankshaft speeds of the 3D6 main engine from the minimum stable to nominal. It was found that during the startup of the main engine with oil with copper additives, the level of torsional vibrations decreases, which requires research on more powerful marine diesel engines and an assessment of this effect. When using oil with copper additives, a reduction in the overall spectrum of harmonic component amplitude oscillations is achieved, which leads to a positive effect of reducing stress in the crankshaft and gearbox. Torsional vibrations in the elements of the machine-propulsion complex of a Yaroslavets-type vessel when used as a tug do not exceed the permissible values calculated according to the RCO rules, so additional measures to reduce them are not required. Additional experimental studies are needed to assess the effect of lubricating oil with copper additives on the vibroacoustic characteristics of marine diesel engines — vibration level and external noise.

Application of perovskite type oxide La x Ce1-x coo3 in lignin depolymerization and mono-phenol preparation.

This study successfully prepared La x Ce1-x CoO3 (x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1) series perovskite oxide catalysts by co precipitation, and found that La0.6Ce0.4CoO3 can significantly improve the yield of bio-oil under specific conditions (lignin to catalyst mass ratio of 1 : 2, reaction temperature of 240 °C, time of 10 hours, using methanol and ethanol as solvents). Furthermore, NH3-TPD, GC-MS, and FTIR analyses revealed the thermal decomposition behavior of key bonding structures such as β-O-4 and C-O-C during the catalytic process, while generating various mono-phenolic products such as guaiacol and 2,6-dimethylphenol. In addition, studies have shown that the physicochemical properties of perovskite type oxide catalysts have a significant impact on the chemical properties of lignin oil. By increasing the acidity of the catalyst, not only can the yield of lignin oil and phenols be improved, but also the yield of carbon can be reduced. More importantly, the catalyst performed well in the test of lignin catalyzed hydrogenation to produce monophenols, significantly improving the conversion rate of lignin and the yield of various monophenols compared to noncatalytic processes.

Tribological Impact of Carbon Black Nanoparticles Obtained from Recycled Waste Tires as Additive to Motor Oil

Abstract Used tires are commonly stockpiled at landfills, taking up a vast space of land and leading to serious environmental issues, which makes recycling and finding better waste management strategies necessary. This study explores the potential role of recycled material extracted from waste tires in the lubrication industry by examining different properties of motor oil with the addition of carbon black (CB) nanoparticles obtained from used tires via the pyrolysis process. The CB particles have been added to motor oil at various concentrations (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 wt.%), and several properties of the Oil-CB lubricant mixture, such as tribological, rheological, and lubrication, have been investigated. After testing different concentration samples, the 2 wt.% of CB in the motor oil showed the best tribological and rheological behavior compared to other samples. The improvement in motor oil performance with the addition of CB was evident in the mixed lubrication regime, with a more than 20% reduction in frictional and wear losses compared to the reference motor oil. This improvement in the oil's lubrication performance is attributed to the presence of CB nanoparticles between sliding surfaces operating as a third body that helps reduce the contact pressure and minimize solid-solid asperities contact. Therefore, this work demonstrates the viable role of carbon black recycled material in improving the lubrication properties of current motor oils.

Chemical composition and antimicrobial properties of the essential oil from Morinda royoc L. fruit

The present study was carried out to evaluate the chemical composition and antimicrobial properties of the essential oil from fruits of Morinda royoc L. Essential oil was extracted from fruit by the hydrodistillation method. For this study, GC-FID and GC-MS were used for the characterization of the volatile compounds. One hundred twenty-five volatile constituents were identified in a total yield of 0.18% (v/m). Octanoic acid (50.5%), 3-methyl-3-buten-1-yl octanoate (13.9%) and decanoic acid (6.7%) were found the major compounds. Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was observed against seven foodborne pathogenic strains. The essential oil exhibited very good activity against B. subtilis, S. aureus, C. albicans, and C. utilis, good activity against E. coli, but it showed moderate activity against S. enterica serovar and low activity against P. aeruginosa. The MIC values of the essential oil varied from 2.10 to 23.05 μg/ mL, with the lowest for C. albicans. This study could have valuable industrial applications, particularly in the food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical sectors.

Polydispersity and Composition Stability in a Long-Term Follow-Up of Palmarosa (Cymbopogon Martini) and Tea Tree (Melaleuca Alternifolia) O/W Nanoemulsions for Antibacterial Use

There is a growing focus on the design of nanoemulsions because of their valuable properties as an enhanced vehicle for interaction with cells and resistant bacteria. Their potential applications in the health and food industry are numerous. Although they are considered unstable because of flocculation and coalescence, they are still efficient resources for antibacterial inhibition due to their droplet size. Studies on the interactions between essential oils and an aqueous medium are increasing, in order to efficiently formulate them at the nanometric scale using surfactants, thereby providing them with long-lived droplet size stability. This study used the ultrasonication method for fabrication and Eumulgin as a surfactant to achieve nanometric droplet sizes using two noble essential oils, palmarosa and tea tree. A follow-up for one year tracked a stable droplet size and sustained polydispersity in those emulsions as the most valuable outcome. Moreover, the insights of a thermoresponsive study have been included, also showing a strong stability. The antibacterial properties of the essential oils considered became enhanced, at a comparable scale of an antibiotic, on Salmonella spp. and Bacillus subtilis depending on the nanoscale droplet size. The outcomes suggest the importance of deepening parametric studies of these nanoformulations in terms of concentrations and temperature changes, characterizing their remarkable properties and durability.