Preparation Of Oil Research Articles

Development and Evaluation of Topical Liposome Preparation of Flax Seed Oil and Tamarind Seed Oil against Skin-Protective Activity

Development and Evaluation of Topical Liposome Preparation of Flax Seed Oil and Tamarind Seed Oil against Skin-Protective Activity

Toxicological Evaluation and Pain Assessment of Four Minor Cannabinoids Following 14-Day Oral Administration in Rats.

Introduction: Despite growing consumer interest and market availability, the safety of minor cannabinoids, generally present in low concentrations in Cannabis sativa L., is not well understood. Materials and Methods: Cannabichromene (CBC; 3.2, 10, 17, 22, 32, or 100 mg/kg-bw/day), cannabinol (CBN; 1, 3.2, 10, 17, 32, or 100 mg/kg-bw/day), delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol (D8-THC; 0.32, 1, 3.2, or 10 mg/kg-bw/day), tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV; 3.2, 10, 17, 22, 32, or 100 mg/kg-bw/day), and vehicle (medium-chain triglyceride oil) preparations were administered via oral gavage once daily for 14 days to Sprague Dawley rats. Changes in behavior, body weight, food consumption, clinical pathology, organ weights, body temperature, and thermal pain sensitivity (tail flick assay) were assessed. Select organ tissues were collected at terminal necropsy and fixed for histopathological examination. Results: No treatment-related deaths were observed throughout the study, and cannabinoids were generally well tolerated. While some significant trends in body weight differences from controls (increases and decreases) were observed, these occurred independently of food consumption. Overall, differences in serum chemistry and hematology parameters between cannabinoid groups and their respective control groups were considered to occur due to biological variation among rats. No treatment-related gross abnormalities were observed in examined organs. Significant changes in absolute and relative organ weights occurred primarily in males and were generally of negligible magnitude. There were no biologically significant histopathological observations. While pain tolerance was significantly improved in animals treated with D8-THC (3.2 and 10 mg/kg-bw/day, day 14), results across minor cannabinoids were inconsistent and warrant further study. Conclusion: Minor cannabinoids were well tolerated across 14 days of daily oral administration at the doses assessed. Modest, dose-dependent trends in relative organ weights and serum chemistry parameters warrant exploration at higher oral doses. These data will assist in dose selection for future studies investigating the long-term safety and effects of CBC, CBN, D8-THC, and THCV.

The Potency of Olive Oil, Coconut Oil, and Bleached Palm Oil as Clearing Agent in Histological Preparation

Clearing is an important process in histological preparations. The aim of the clearing process is to remove alcohol from the tissues upon dehydration. The most commonly used clearing agent is xylol, however it is known that there are negative effects from using xylol. This literature study purpose to study the potential of three vegetable oils, i.e., olive oil, coconut oil, and refined palm oil, as clearing agents to replace xylol. This literature study was conducted using search engines such as Semantic Scholar, NCBI, ICAMS, IJPRSE, JOMFP, PubMed, and ResearchGate with the keywords olive oil, coconut oil, palm oil, xylol, clearing agent, and histological preparations. There is no year limitation of references in this literature study. Based on the literatures, it is known that the use of olive oil as a clearing agent produces similar histological preparation qualities to xylol. This can be seen from several criteria that were measured, including the level of tissue translucency and the ability to maintain the quality of the staining. Similar results were shown by purified coconut oil and palm oil, both of which can produce tissues with optimal levels of transparency. The conclusion from this literature study is that refined olive oil, coconut oil, and palm oil can be used as clearing agents for xylol substitutes that are safer for researchers and the environment.

Recovery of essential oils from the withered flowers of Magnolia soulangeana Soul.-Bod. by microwave-assisted hydrodistillation with uniform heating and its new application in the hypolipidemic field

This study innovatively designed a microwave-assisted hydrodistillation method with uniform heating to extract the essential oil from the withered flowers of Magnolia soulangeana Soul.-Bod., in which the addition of the rotating unit is applied to improve the uneven heating of plant materials caused by the fixation of the flask and the energy point in the microwave system, and the soaking pretreatment unit is used to fully swell the plant cells and accelerate the overflow of essential oils. Meanwhile, the significance of the independent variables that may affect the yield of essential oil and the optimal conditions were screened and optimized by means of response surface methodology, and the results showed that the introduction of the rotation unit and soaking pretreatment unit increased the yield of essential oil by 16.67% and 20%, respectively, which highly promoted the increase of the yield and extraction rate of essential oil. Moreover, the samples obtained by this new method are rich in terpene compounds, such as eucalyptol, δ-cadinene, α-muurolene, and germacrene D, which is consistent with the results of traditional hydrodistillation, and also further illustrates the safety of this method. And the hypolipidemic activity of these compounds was also verified, and the main compound in the essential oil that exerts the hypolipidemic activity may be δ-cadinene, and its possible target for reducing total cholesterol content is Niemann-Pick C1-like 1. In addition, this study also shows that this new method shows lower energy consumption and environmental pressure and is very promising to replace the existing method for the large-scale preparation of essential oils.

Preparation, properties and formation mechanism of hydroxyl-silicone oil coating on the surface of kaolin/ TiO2 composites

A simple and effective preparation method of the powder surface coating was found. Namely, spraying hydroxyl-silicone oil (HSO) ethanol solution on the surface of calcined kaolin and nano-TiO2 composite (CKT) powder and formed the HSO layer due to the volatilization of ethanol. Subsequently, the samples were heated at 250 ℃ to form the HSO cure coating. The FT-IR, MAS NMR, XPS and SEM measure results indicate that the surface modification reaction occur between the OH groups in HSO molecules and HO-AlVI in the calcined kaolin. No any chemical reaction carry out on the Si, Ti sites on the surface of CKT composites. The performance testings show the HSO modification reaction dramatically improve the hydrophobicity of the CKT composites. The modification coating has no any negative effect on the whiteness, but the oil absorption values slightly reduce. Interestingly, it increases again after curing because the HSO layer releases a large great of lipophilic groups such as CH3 and CH2 during the curing process. The comparison of performances with nano-TiO2 and calcined kaolin shows that the CKT composites are expected to replace nano-TiO2 in many fields.

Croton Oil-induced Hemorrhoidal Rats: Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory Mediated Anti-hemorrhoidal Activity of Tridax procumbens Whole Plant

Background: Hemorrhoids are anorectal disorders characterized by dilation of rectal blood vessels, inflammation, and prolapse of the anal tissue. The disease affects both men and women equally. In consequence, the increasing prevalence of the disease needs potential agents with efficiency and low cost to support the treatment. Objective: The treatment of hemorrhoids in modern medicine is still found to be in its infancy, as there is no precise treatment for the specific disease. Tridax procumbens Linn (T. procumbens) belongs to the family Asteraceae. From the literature, the plant was found to have a traditional use for the treatment of hemorrhoids. Hence, the present research was focused on evaluating the antiinflammatory mediated anti-hemorrhoidal potential of ethanolic whole plant extract of T. procumbens (EWETP) in croton oil-induced hemorrhoidal rats. Methods: An in vitro study was conducted to evaluate the percentage inhibition of protein (egg albumin) denaturation by Tridax procumbens. This study determined the initial protective role of plant extracts against inflammatory proteins. An in vivo, anti-inflammatory-mediated anti-hemorrhoidal study was carried out on T. procumbens in various groups of croton oil-induced hemorrhoidal rats. Wistar albino rats were selected for the present research, and hemorrhoids were induced in experimental animals using a croton oil preparation containing 6% croton oil, deionised water, pyridine, and diethyl ether. Pilex ointment was taken as a reference drug in this study. Inflammation seems to be a major pathway for the progression of hemorrhoids. Hence, in the present research, Evans blue (EB) extravasation technique was applied to quantify inflammatory proteins. On the last day of the study, blood samples were drawn from experimental animals to analyse serum and blood for TNF- α, IL-6, and the percentage of neutrophils count. Recto anal coefficient was calculated to measure croton oil-induced rectal inflammation in animals. Histopathological studies were carried out separately on a second set of animals to identify the protective role of T.procumbens on rectal tissue cell histology. Molecular docking studies were carried out to rule out the possible interaction of plant phytoconstituents with the COX-2 enzyme. Results: Results showed that intra rectal application of croton oil preparation in albino rats developed hemorrhoids by elevating serum TNF-α and IL-6 in positive control group animals compared to normal group rats. Treatment of albino rats with T. procumbens at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg in groups IV and V has shown a significant reduction in serum TNF-α and IL-6. Furthermore, in the study, T. procumbens exhibited a significant dose-dependent reduction of EB dye extravasation in study animals. The study observations also revealed the inhibitory effect of plant extract on the blood percentage of neutrophils count and recto anal coefficient compared to the positive control group rats. Histopathological studies conducted on rectoanal tissues showed the presence of minimal rectal tissue changes in plant extract-treated group animals compared to positive control group rats. Molecular docking studies explored the possible interaction of phenolic compounds of plant extract with the COX enzyme. Conclusion: It was concluded that Tridax procumbens had a protective role against inflammatory mediators in hemorrhoids. In hemorrhoidal rats, ethanolic leaf extract was found to reduce the plasma percentage of neutrophils and other inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, and IL-6. It could be used as a therapeutic anti-inflammatory mediated anti-hemorrhoidal agent.

Metal–Organic Frameworks-Based Membranes with Special Wettability for Oil–Water Separation: A Review

The presence of oily wastewater poses a significant threat to both the ecological environment and public health. In order to solve this problem, the design and preparation of an efficient oil–water separation membrane is very important. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are currently a promising material for oil–water separation due to their tunable wettability, adjustable pore size and also low density, high porosity, and high surface area. Therefore, MOFs-based membranes show great potential in the field of oil–water separation. In this paper, we first introduce the oil–water separation mechanism and then comprehensively summarize the common preparation methods of MOFs-based oil–water separation membranes and the research progress of different MOFs-based membranes, including the ZIF series, UiO series, MIL series, etc. Finally, we also analyze the challenges faced by MOFs-based membranes in oil–water separation and provide an outlook on their future development and application.

Preparation and characterization of lemon essential oil@β-cyclodextrin inclusion for blackberry postharvest preservation

Based on an investigation of the antifungal capacity of different citrus plant essential oils against Botrytis cinerea and Rhizopus stolonifer, lemon essential oil (LEO) was selected to prepare LEO@β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex (β-CD-IC) for blackberry preservation. The preparation parameter of LEO@β-CD with the highest encapsulation rate of LEO was chosen via Box-Behnken design (stirring time of 3h, LEO:β-CD = 1:4 and concentration of LEO ethanol solution 25%). Compared with β-CD and the physical mixture of β-CD and LEO, the microstructure of β-CD-IC was different in shape and size. Characterization of LEO@β-CD exhibited shift character peaks of chemical groups and new character peaks of the crystal due to the encapsulation of LEO in β-CD, interaction of hydrogen bonds and conformation of the new solid phase. Under different storage temperatures, LEO@β-CD effectively delayed the rapid decay and color deterioration of blackberries. Under storage of 4 °C and 25 °C, the decay rates of LEO@β-CD are 14.84% and 37.04%, respectively. The weight loss was inhibited by 4.80% and 10.08%, under 4 °C and 25 °C, respectively. The firmness and total soluble solid content was also maintained by the treatment of LEO@β-CD.

P62 Effects of compound preparation of plant essential oil and bile salt on gastrointestinal barrier and microflora of young goats

P62 Effects of compound preparation of plant essential oil and bile salt on gastrointestinal barrier and microflora of young goats

Indications for omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in prevention of cardiovascular disease: From fish to pharmaceuticals.

To explore the evidence for omega-3 fatty acid (O3FA) supplementation in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). PubMed, Cochrane reviews, and Google Scholar were searched for meta-analyses and reviews related to O3FAs and CVD. Salient, recent randomized controlled trials referenced in these reviews were retrieved. Current lipid guidelines were reviewed. Most O3FAs are derived from marine or aquatic microalgae, which are consumed by fish. The essential fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid are mainly sourced from fish, with a small fraction coming from plants. Omega-3 fatty acids modestly lower triglyceride levels, but the major impact on CVD is through a variety of other mechanisms related to cell membrane function, antioxidant properties, and reduction of atherogenic small low-density lipoprotein cholesterol particles. Guidelines continue to recommend eating 2 servings of fish per week. There is little evidence of benefit of O3FAs in primary prevention of CVD. Given that 40% of Canadians have insufficient levels and that these low levels may be associated with other chronic diseases over time, supplementation with O3FAs could be considered, particularly in those with hypertriglyceridemia, in those who eat no fish, or for vegetarians or vegans. Doses up to 1 g daily are considered safe. For secondary prevention after statin optimization, if triglyceride levels are between 1.5 and 5.6 mmol/L, guidelines recommend with level 1A evidence taking 2 g of icosapent ethyl twice a day. This is also recommended in primary prevention for patients with diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia and additional CVD risk factors. As fish stocks dwindle over time, preserving fisheries for developing countries and obtaining O3FA from microalgal or genetically modified plant sources may become important. All guidelines recommend at least 2 servings of oily fish per week, although benefit from O3FAs is mostly seen in secondary prevention. Fish oil and combination preparations of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid have failed to show benefit at any dose at any level of prevention in patients who are appropriately prescribed statins. High-dose eicosapentaenoic acid shows substantial benefit in selected patients taking statins who have high triglyceride levels.

Study on efficiency of new multifunctional compositions for preparation of oil for transportation

We studied the effect of individual reagents and new compositions on demulsification of stable water-oil emulsions produced from the wells of Muradkhanli and Balakhani fields, SOCAR. The corrosion protection effect of three new compositions designated as A, B and C in water-oil emulsion, as well as the effect of surface tension on freezing temperature are discussed in the article. Composition A contained the reagents ND-12 and Alkan, composition B contained reagents ND-12 and Gossypol resin, and composition C contained the reagents BAF, ND-12, Gossypol resin and Dissolvan-4411. Physical and chemical properties of the oil samples taken for the research were studied by known methods. The results of the obtained laboratory experiments gave reason to say that mainly one composition, B, has the highest demulsifying effect. In addition to the demulsifying effect of compositions A, B and C, the corrosion protection effect was also studied under laboratory conditions. In this regard, water-oil emulsion was used as an aggressive corrosion medium. The rate of corrosion was determined by gravimetric method in both reagent-free and reagent-containing mediums, and the corrosion protection effect of the compositions was calculated. Thus, the protection effect of composition B was 98.1% in Muradkhanli oil sample, and 97.8% in Balakhani oil sample. Moreover, the effect of all three newly prepared compositions on the surface tension and freezing temperature of the studied Muradkhanli and Balakhani oil samples were investigated. It was established that the composition C has the highest effect on the reduction of surface tension and freezing temperature of oil samples.

The Preparation of Virgin Coconut Oil Using Acid from Passion Fruit Extract at Different Temperature and Incubation Time

Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is a liquid coconut product with a translucent color, a characteristic coconut aroma, and long shelf life. VCO can be made in various ways, including enzymatic, centrifugation, acidification, etc. In this study, the acidification method was used to manufacture VCO whereby the acid used is sourced from passion fruit. This study aims to determine the effect of passion fruit juice addition on the preparation virgin coconut oil. Several variables were employed in the current study, including passion fruit volume of 5 and 8 ml, incubation time of 12 hours and 24 hours, and incubation temperature of 36 and 48 °C in a Factorial Design. The amount of coconut was 660 grams and 660 ml distilled water. The results showed that the production temperature greatly influenced the free fatty acids produced. The best treatment was obtained on VCO with 8 ml passion fruit addition, 12 hours of formation time and 48°C incubation temperature, with 0.12% free fatty acids.

Management of Vicharchika (Eczema) with Rudra Taila: An Open-Label Clinical Study

Although there are many medications available to treat eczema, a rapid and efficient solution is still required. Ayurveda considers Vicharchika (eczema) disease condition, under Kshudrakustha (group of minor skin diseases). Aim: To assess, in an open-label clinical trial, the effectiveness of Rudra Taila in the management of Vicharchika (eczema). Materials and Methods: Clinically diagnosed patients of Vicharchika who fulfill inclusion criteria were selected from OPD of associated hospital of M.M.M. Govt. Ayu. College, Udaipur (Rajasthan). Rudra Taila was applied externally to a total of 30 individuals who were diagnosed as having Vicharchika twice daily for 60 days. Patients were selected irrespective of their age, sex, religion, occupation etc. and simple random sampling technique was followed. Response to the treatment in the recruited patients was recorded on a weekly basis and therapeutic effect was evaluated through symptomatic relief. Results: Rudra Taila, is an oil preparation, which is effective against all the major clinical symptoms of Vicharchika like Kandu (itching), Pidika (papular eruptions), Vaivarnyata (discoloration), Daha (burning sensation), Srava (oozing) Vedana (pain), and Rukshata (dryness). The study yields statistically highly significant results in symptoms like Kandu (itching) (p < 0.001), Vaivarnyata (discoloration) (p<0.001), and Rukshata (dryness) (p<0.001). Conclusion: Rudra Taila has proven to be effective in reducing the symptoms of Vicharchika, when applied for a period of 60 days.

Review Development of Essential Oil Nano Preparation Formulations to Pharmacological Activity

Essential oils are liquids from the extraction process of plants or parts of aromatic plants which generally contain volatile terpenoids. This oil is characterized by distinctive odor from each plant that causes by differences in its constituent compounds. Essential oils have many pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, antibacterial etc. The development of many nano formulations has been developed, including essential oils. Nanoemulsion, nanogel, and nanoemulgel are forms of nano formulations that are applied in the manufacture of pharmaceutical preparations containing essential oils. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to present the results of the latest research on essential oil formulations using nanotechnology that have been widely developed and their effect on pharmacological activity. The articles used in this review were published from 2013-2023 which are indexed by Scopus. The formulation of essential oil preparations in nano form enhances the pharmacological effects of essential oils including increasing the effects of antioxidants, antibacterial, antifungal, antiproliferative, antiviral and reducing toxicity which can be useful as a reference for nano preparation formulations for essential oils.

Formulation and Evaluation of Polyherbal Lotus Oil

Herbal formulations always have attracted considerable attention because of their good activity and comparatively lesser or nil side effects with synthetic drugs. The objective of present study involves preparation of herbal hair oil using amla, hibiscus, bhringraj, methi and its evaluation for increase in hair growth activity. Each drug was tested for their hair growth activity in a concentration range for 1-10% separately. Based on these results mixture of crude drugs fruits of Embelica officinalis, flowers of Hibiscus rosa sinensis, leaves of Bacopa monnieri and seeds of Trigonella techniques (direct boiling, paste and cloth method) and were tested for hair growth activity. The oil of different concentrations were characterized for proximate analysis including moisture content, total ash, acid insoluble ash, water soluble ash, water insoluble ash, sulphated ash. The formulations were also subjected to chromatographic determination and chemical tests to determine the presence of active constituents in the drugs. But looking towards the formulation viscosity the maximum concentration of combined drug was found to be 30% at their maximum level. The formulation containing 7.5% of each drug used for the study and showed excellent hair growth activity with standard (2% minoxidil ethanolic solution) by an enlargement of follicular size and prolongation of the anagen phase. It holds the promise of potent herbal alternative for minoxidil. Excellent results of hair growth were seen in formulation prepared by boiling method of oils preparation technique.

Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of a preparation of essential oils of thyme and star anise, and quillaja bark powder (BIOSTRONG® 510 all natural) for all poultry species (Delacon Biotechnik GmbH).

Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of a preparation consisting of essential oils of thyme and star anise, and quillaja bark powder (BIOSTRONG® 510 all natural) as a zootechnical feed additive (functional groups: digestibility enhancer; other zootechnical additives) for all poultry species. BIOSTRONG® 510 all natural is a preparation of partially microencapsulated essential oils, quillaja bark powder, dried herbs and dried spices. The additive contains estragole (up to ■■■■■. For short-living animals, the EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) had no safety concerns when the additive is used at the recommended level of 150 mg/kg complete feed for chickens for fattening and other poultry species for fattening. For long-living animals, the use of the additive was considered of concern owing to the presence of estragole. No safety concern would be expected for the consumer and the environment from the use of the additive at the recommended use level in feed. The Panel concluded that the additive is corrosive to the eyes but not irritant to skin. It may be a respiratory irritant or dermal or respiratory sensitiser. When handling the additive, exposure of unprotected users to estragole ■■■■■ may occur. Therefore, to reduce the risk, the exposure of the users should be minimised. The additive BIOSTRONG® 510 all natural was considered efficacious for chickens for fattening at the use level 150 mg/kg complete feed. This conclusion was extrapolated to all poultry species for fattening or reared for laying/breeding. ■■■■■.

Super‐stable homogeneous embolic agents advance the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

Super‐stable homogeneous embolic agents advance the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

TECHNOLOGICAL AND CONSTRUCTIVE OPTIMIZATION OF SEPARATORS OF THE GAS PREPARATION INSTALLATION

As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the urgent task is the development of methods for regime-technological and hardware-constructive optimization of the separation equipment of gas preparation plants. At the same time, attention should be paid not only to empirical dependencies, but also to numerical simulations. Preparation and processing of oil and gas are technological processes that are implemented with the help of technological lines, which in turn consist of a significant amount of basic equipment. At the same time, the existing installations are not always highly efficient and require improvement, since over time the amount of target components in the raw materials extracted from the well decreases, and the content of water, paraffins and other harmful impurities increases. This forces to increase the intensity of separation and mass exchange processes. The proposed technique for optimizing technological and structural calculations of separation equipment (separators of the first and second stages) of the gas preparation plant, which allows determining the rational structural dimensions and optimal operational parameters to ensure a high degree of separation of the components of the gas mixture. For the numerical study and optimization of chemical-technological processes of gas preparation plants intended for the production of hydrocarbon products, the methods of static and dynamic optimization simulations of chemical-technological processes were chosen using tools of CAE-systems of thermodynamic modeling, which made it possible to quickly and accurately use known mathematical models calculate heat and material balances of both individual technological equipment and installations as a whole. This made it possible to obtain the maximum efficiency of the equipment and the efficiency of the installations as a whole. The simulated operation of the atmospheric hydrocarbon processing plant and the hydrocarbon gas preparation plant for which the optimal operating modes of the separators of the first and second stages of the hydrocarbon gas preparation plant are determined.

Topical Pistacia vera L. Seed Oil Preparation and Its Effects on Knee Osteoarthritis Through a Randomized Double-blind Controlled Clinical Trial

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that globally affects the elderly, leading to pain and disability. Herbal medications and alternative therapies have demonstrated positive effects on arthritis management. Pistacia vera has traditionally been used for inflammatory conditions and has also shown antinociceptive effects. Objectives: Given the limited available scientific evidence, our randomized controlled trial aimed to assess the potential protective role of topical P. vera seed oil preparation in patients with knee OA. Methods: A total of 89 patients with knee OA (n = 89) were randomly allocated into three groups: Placebo, piroxicam, and P. vera. The topical formulations were administered twice daily over a period of three months. Pain level, patient health status, and performance were evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Results: The application of P. vera ointment demonstrated pain reduction in patients, as indicated by VAS and WOMAC assessments. Additionally, WOMAC scores showed that P. vera ointment alleviated motion stiffness and improved activity difficulties in patients (P < 0.001). In certain parameters, the topical application of P. vera showed greater effectiveness in treating knee OA than piroxicam (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Pistacia vera ointment shows promise as a potential therapeutic option for osteoarthritis, effectively addressing the detrimental effects of the disease. Further experimental and clinical studies are warranted to elucidate its efficacy and safety profile.

Health oil preparation from gardenia seeds by aqueous enzymatic extraction combined with puffing pre-treatment and its properties analysis.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-023-01319-9.