Preparation Of Oil Research Articles

Effects of physical refining process on quality and stability of argan oil (Argania Spinosa (L.) Skeels)

Subquality argan kernels are 30% cheaper than the regular kernels mandatory used to prepare edible argan oil. The use of these argan kernels for the preparation of argan oil intended to be a cosmetic ingredient, after bleaching and deodorization, is therefore particularly economically appealing. The oxidative stability of Argan oil prepared from subquality kernels is unknown. It was evaluated over a period of storage of 12 weeks at 60 °C, then compared with that of argan oil stored under the same conditions and originating from the same initial batch, but which had subsequently been simply bleached and deodorized (physical refining). Physical refining led to an increase in initial oil quality due the loss of free fatty acids (up to 30% for refined argan oil), primary and secondary oxidation products but also to a dramatic decrease of the oxidative stability of argan oil caused by the loss of tocopherols, witnessed by the up to 94% loss after 12 weeks under accelerated storage conditions. As a conclusion, the oxidative stability of argan oil prepared from subquality argan kernels remains difficult to be adequately and efficiently evaluated since the initial quality of the argan kernels is the subject of great variations.

Developing a Procedure for the Selective Determination of Vitamin E on Human Skin Surface in Applying Oil Preparations

Developing a Procedure for the Selective Determination of Vitamin E on Human Skin Surface in Applying Oil Preparations

TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTION FOR COMBATING HYDROGEN SULFIDE AT THE FIELD

One of the urgent problems in the production of hydrogen sulfide-containing oils is the problem of increasing the efficiency of hydrogen sulfide removal. Optimization of costs associated with the production, transportation and preparation of oil is very important at the present time. In order to reduce the costs of oil preparation, the use of a differentiated approach to solving the problem of its purification from hydrogen sulfide at the Kashagan field depends on the volumes of oil preparation, the mass fraction of hydrogen sulfide in the oil, the presence of gas near the high-sulfur oil preparation unit (UPVSN) that does not contain hydrogen sulfide, the presence of a gas collection system and the possibility of transporting increased volumes of hydrogen sulfide-containing gas to the sulfur purification unit. Taking these factors into account, it is necessary to identify the maximum values ​​​​of the volume fractions of methane, ethane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide in the composition of the stripping gas, at which the mass of oil will be preserved, as well as the conditions under which it will be purified from hydrogen sulfide in the conditions of the Kashagan field. Studies have shown that with an increase in the oil heating temperature and a decrease in the pressure in the desorption column, the maximum total volume fraction of methane and nitrogen in the mixture in the composition of the stripping gas decreases. A decrease in the mass fraction of hydrogen sulfide in oil below 100 ppm and maintaining the mass yield of oil depending on the proportion of these components in the composition of the stripping gas is possible if the oil temperature and pressure in the column are optimized. An increase in the total volume fraction of methane and nitrogen in the composition of the stripping gas leads to a decrease in its required consumption to achieve a certain efficiency of oil purification from hydrogen sulfide at specified operating parameters of the column.

Study of a multifunctional composition in the preparation and transportation of heavy oils

Study of a multifunctional composition in the preparation and transportation of heavy oils

Antioxidant activity, physico-chemical properties, and bioactive compounds of Nigella sativa seeds and oil impacted by microwave processing technique

Strongly anti-oxidant and medicinal, Nigella sativa L (NS) is utilized in conventional medicine to address a range of illnesses, including gastrointestinal, inflammatory and rheumatic illnesses. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of microwave processing on the physico-chemical properties of Moroccan-grown Nigella sativa seeds and oils, as well as to investigate the antioxidant qualities of black cumin oils under conditions of accelerated oxidation. The study's specific goal was to ascertain the effects of varying microwave power levels (500 and 750 W) and roasting times (5, 10, and 15 min) on the black cumin oils' quality indices, fatty acid and sterol content, carotenoid and chlorophyll levels, mineral profile, tocopherol amount, and overall antioxidant activity. To this end, the seeds of black cumin were roasted at two power levels (500 and 750 W) and for three different periods (5, 10, and 15 min) in a microwave oven. The obtained results show that the duration and the processing power did not significantly influence the amount of sterols and fatty acids. In contrast, the quality indices, physico-chemical properties, carotenoid and chlorophyll contents, mineral profile, and tocopherol amount were influenced by the microwave processing. A significant decline in the antioxidant activity was recorded from 45.01 ± 0.81 % (unroasted cumin seeds) to 4.32 ± 0.91 % (750 W/5 min). Based on these findings, the black cumin oil preparations should be handled carefully and the oil must be protected once extracted. The stability and preservation of antioxidants are crucial steps against pro-oxidant and inflammatory conditions that could favour cellular senescence and accelerate aging processes.

Choorna Kalpana: Bridging Ayurvedic Traditions with Modern Size Reduction Techniques for Optimal Therapeutic Outcomes

Choorna Kalpana, a fine powder derived from completely dry drugs, is a fundamental preparation in Ayurveda. Recognized for its stability and ease of absorption, Choorna is used independently to treat various diseases, as an adjuvant with other medicines, and in secondary preparations like Avaleha (medicated semisolid preparation), Vati (tablets), and Sneha Kalpana (oil and ghee preparations). The preparation involves meticulous processes of washing, drying, pounding, and sieving drugs to ensure homogeneity. Modern practices in Choorna Kalpana incorporate size reduction techniques such as cutting, compression, impact, and attrition, which enhance its efficiency and therapeutic potential. Factors influencing size reduction, including hardness, toughness, abrasiveness, stickiness, softening temperature, and moisture content, are critical for achieving desired particle sizes. Size separation and mixing techniques are also essential in ensuring the uniformity and efficacy of Choorna. This paper explores the traditional and modern methodologies of Choorna preparation, highlighting its significance in Ayurvedic medicine.

Effect of micelle concentration on degumming of sesame oil (Sesamum indicum L) with ultrafiltration membrane

Abstract Sesame oil (Sesamum indicum L.) is obtained from roasted and pressed sesame seeds. The existence of phospholipids and contaminants in sesame oil is unfavorable, as it induces a darkening of the oil’s hue, thereby diminishing its oxidative stability. Failure to eliminate phospholipids compounds from sesame oil through the degumming process leads to a deterioration in quality thus influencing consumer acceptability. This research aimed to investigate the impact of micelle concentrations in hexanes-sesame oil mixture on the degumming process employing ultrafiltration membranes. This investigation involved the preparation of sesame oil through a procedure that entailed roasting at 180°C for 30 minutes, followed by pressing at a pressure of 140 kN for 5 minutes. Micelles of sesame oil roasted with hexane were prepared at concentrations of 20%, 25% and 30%. Moreover, the degumming of sesame oil micelles was accomplished by utilizing PES (Polyether sulfone) and PVDF (Polyvinylidene diflouride) ultrafiltration membranes and then by analyzing the resulting sesame oil’s properties. The results indicated that using a PVDF membrane for sesame oil degumming resulted in a higher permeate flux than a PES membrane. Furthermore, treatment with a 30% micelle concentration resulted in a yield of 70.63%, with phospholipid levels of 13.96 ppm and membrane rejection value of 92.9%.

Emulsification of shea butter

This paper reviews the widespread application of shea butter oil as a popular natural skincare ingredient in cosmetics and personal care products, and explores the importance and application of emulsification technology in the preparation of shea butter oil. Firstly, it introduces the origin, characteristics, and multiple effects of shea butter oil in cosmetics. Secondly, it elaborates on the basic concepts of emulsification, including the types and mechanisms of emulsifiers. Subsequently, it discusses the application of emulsification technology in shea butter oil and methods for optimizing the emulsification process. Finally, it emphasizes the importance of selecting appropriate emulsifiers, controlling emulsification process conditions, and experimentally optimizing to improve the quality and stability of shea butter oil products.

Enhanced decision technique for optimized crude oil pretreatment under disc spherical fuzzy Aczel Alsina aggregation information

Crude oil, the backbone of modern industry, holds unparalleled significance as a global energy cornerstone. Unlocking its potential hinges on effective pretreatment techniques, ensuring purity, and maximizing efficiency. This study extends the established Spherical Fuzzy Set paradigm to explore the domain of Disc Spherical Fuzzy Sets (D-SFSs) in critical decision-making for crude oil preparation. Investigating D-SFSs within the Aczel Alsina norm, the research employs comparison rules, conversion rules, and distance metrics. Primary operations of the Aczel Alsina norm in D-SFSs are examined, laying the groundwork for introducing unique aggregation operations within this framework. The paper’s primary aim is to propose a hybrid method, termed MEREC-SWARA-MARCOS-D-SFSs Multiple Attribute Group Decision Making, which integrates the aforementioned aggregation procedures. A case study on crude oil pretreatment validates the effectiveness of the proposed method. Furthermore, a comprehensive comparison with CoCoSo underscores the reliability of the method. This study represents a significant stride in enhancing decision-making by providing a robust framework to tackle complex situations, particularly in the critical domain of crude oil pretreatment.

Clay-carvacrol nanoemulsions for wound healing: Design and characterization studies

One of the current challenges of scientific research is the design of advanced wound care to obtain a rapid and complete healing of chronic wounds, thus avoiding serious complications. With this purpose, a great deal of attention has been paid to Carvacrol (CRV), a monoterpene and one of the main components of the essential oils of Oregano, Thyme and Satureja Montana. Despite its promising properties in wound treatment, CRV exhibits high lipophilicity, rapid oxidation and volatilization, and inadequate retention time at the site of action, which limit its therapeutic application. A possible technological strategy to overcome these disadvantages could involve the preparation of CRV-based oil in water nanoemulsions (O/W NE) in which CRV itself is used both as the oil phase and as the active compound. CRV-NE uncoated or coated by Chitosan were prepared and deeply characterized. In particular, stability studies were carried out in order to observe some parameters such as dimensions, ζ-Potential, pH and CRV amount at different temperatures over 90 days. Furthermore, the size was evaluated by DLS analyses and compared with data obtained by TEM observations. Secondly, two clay minerals (a montmorillonite and a sepiolite, VHS and PS9 respectively) were added to the NE in order to increase the final viscosity, thus obtaining a semisolid formulation. The rheological properties of the formulations were also studied, in particular, NE and NE-Ch samples were analyzed for 3 months while NE-Ch-VHS, NE-Ch-PS9 for 1 month. Finally, the biocompatibility of CRV-NE, as well as its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, were proved in vitro on fibroblasts and macrophages.

Nanofiber membranes fabricated by coaxial electrospinning with porous channel structure for high-efficiency oil-water separation

The electrospinning nanofiber membranes modified by nanoparticles can effectively improve anti-oil adhesion and separation performance. However, the low stability of nanoparticles on the fiber membrane surface substantially limits the operational lifespan of the membrane. Herein, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanofiber membranes with multi-scale microporous channel structures are prepared using coaxial electrospinning and a sacrificial template strategy. Subsequently, iron phytate nanoparticles are grown in situ on the fibers to fill the porous structures by utilizing the hollow and porous nanofibers as a framework. The interlocking structure between the nanoparticles and the porous fibers significantly enhances the stability and durability between nanoparticles and the fiber membrane. Even after being subjected to ultrasonic treatment for 7 h, there is no discernible shedding of nanoparticles from the fiber membrane. The prepared nanofiber membrane demonstrates exceptional superhydrophilicity and underwater superoleophobicity, exhibiting remarkable self-cleaning capability and resistance to crude oil contamination. Additionally, the membrane efficiently separates various oil-in-water emulsions, achieving a high separation efficiency of over 99%. Moreover, the membrane also demonstrates excellent adsorption capability towards cationic dyes. Therefore, this interlocking structure composed of nanoparticles and nanofibers presents new ideas and insights for the preparation of high-performance and durable oil–water separation membranes.

STUDY OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE DEMULSIFIER COMPOSITION ON THE DESTRUCTION OF LOCAL OIL-WATER EMULSION

The effect of the demulsifier composition on the destruction of local oil-water emulsions was studied in this work. One of the urgent problems in the development of deposits is to increase the efficiency of the preparation of hydrocarbons in the fields. The solution of this problem makes it possible to significantly increase the degree of oil preparation, reduce the loss of hydrocarbons with drainage waters, thereby improve the environment and bring additional profit to the enterprise. A complex of theoretical and experimental studies was used, consisting in generalization and analysis of literary data, as well as by analogy, modeling, quantitative and qualitative observation, laboratory tests, conducting a multifactorial experiment, data processing using methods of mathematical statistics. Information processing tools based on computer software products were used. The results of laboratory tests of oil-water emulsion, physico-chemical analysis of water composition, new chemical reagents-demulsifiers recommended for field testing are presented. It can be concluded, based on the research conducted, that the demulsifier EASY-DE03-15 is the most effective reagent for dehydration of oil-water emulsions and desalination of MIX samples.

Contribution of Malang quartzite-based silica in K2O/zeolite Y catalyst for methyl ester synthesis of off grade crude palm oil

Malang quartzite contains a highly silica content. The silica changes the structural composition of Zeolite Y. Currently, a heterogeneous catalyst is developed to optimize transesterification of Off Grade CPO (Crude Palm Oil). The aims of this study are: (1) synthesize K2O/Zeolite Y using silica from Malang quartzite, (2) synthesize methyl esters from Off Grade CPO using K2O/Zeolite Y catalyst, and (3) to evaluate quartzite based-silica contribution in Zeolite Y for the reaction activity via GC-MS analysis. The experimental stages were: the oil preparation, esterification of the prepared oil, preparation of K2O/zeolite Y catalyst, and the transesterification. This study applied variations of [KOH] in Zeolite Y (10, 20, and 30 % w/w) and the concentration of the transesterification catalyst (2, 3, and 4 % w/w). The K2O/Zeolite Y catalyst was successfully synthesized by impregnation method. Methyl esters of Off Grade CPO resulted the highest yield of 95.05 % with 4 wt% of 30-K2O/Zeolite Y (30 % KOH impregnation). The synthesized methyl esters have a density of 0.877 g/mL, a viscosity of 4.6 cSt, a refractive index of 1.445 and an acid number of 0.384 mg/g according to the standard (SNI 7182:2015). The main components of the methyl ester based on GC-MS results were methyl octanoate, methyl decanoate, methyl dodecanoate, methyl 9-octadecanoate, methyl octadecanoate and methyl tetracosanoate. Using quartzite-based silica, a co-activity of the reaction has occurred.

Optimizing Baby Telon Oil Preparation Formula Tree Tea Oil (Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel) with VCO and Olive Oil Variations using the Simplex Lattice Design Method

One of the plants that can be used as a natural medicine is the tea tree plant (Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel) which is generally known as the tea tree. The tea tree plant contains essential oils which are useful as antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory. Another plant that can be used as a natural ingredient is the fennel plant (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) which contains essential oils which are useful as antimicrobials. In order to develop the preparation, a telon oil preparation was formulated. The use of additional ingredients in the formulation of telon oil preparations, namely VCO and Olive Oil as vegetable oils which function as solvents for essential oils, can certainly affect the physical properties of telon oil preparations, so a method is needed to find an optimum formula that meets the good physical properties of the preparation. This research aims to determine the optimum formula composition of telon oil preparations with variations of VCO and Olive Oil using the Simplex Lattice Design method by looking at the results of evaluation tests of the physical properties of telon oil preparations which include organoleptic tests, homogeneity tests, pH tests, specific gravity tests, viscosity tests and displaced volume test. The results of organoleptic tests, homogeneity, pH, specific gravity, viscosity and transferred volume have met the requirements. Analysis using SLD showed that the optimal preparation formula for baby telon tree tea oil (Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel) was obtained with a VCO and Olive Oil composition of 78.4% and 19.6% with a specific gravity response value of 0.906 gr/ml, viscosity 36.84 cp and volume transferred 57.33 ml. In the hedonic testing of baby telon oil preparations, tree tea oil (Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel) with variations of VCO and olive oil from the optimum formula in terms of color was preferred more by the panelists.

Lipase-catalyzed preparation, bioavailability and functional properties of a DHA-enriched tuna oil

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the form of triacylglycerols (TAG) are widely recognized for their health benefits. As naturally occurring DHA in the form of TAG are limited, this work developed and optimized a Candida rugosa lipase-catalyzed selective hydrolysis process to enrich DHA in tuna oil. The DHA-enriched tuna oil produced at optimal conditions (lipase concentration of 4 %, ratio of water to tuna oil of 1:3, reaction temperature of 55°C) contained 46.12 % of DHA, in which 55.24 % of DHA was located in sn-2 position of the glycerides. In-vitro bioavailability test shows, the DHA-enriched tuna oil (7.89 %) had significantly higher cellular uptake of DHA as compared to unprocessed oil. The DHA-enriched oil demonstrated increased intracellular oxidation and mitochondrial damage of Caco-2 cell.

Intensyfikacja wydobycia i przygotowania ropy naftowej o wysokiej lepkości ze złoża Kokhanivka do produkcji bituminu

The existing problems of production, collection and preparation of high-viscosity oils need to be solved by further research and search for effective technologies. The oil of the Kokhanivske field is unique among the fields of Prykarpattia region, which is characterized by a high density of ≈1000 kg/m3, a significant content of asphaltenes, resins up to (45–60% by weight) and sulphur (7%), which is most suitable for the production of the highest quality bitumen. According to the physico-chemical characteristics and composition of the oil of the Kokhanivske field, an analysis of the conformity of this oil to the bituminous group according to the international classification was carried out. It is emphasized that this oil can be an analogue of the raw material from which high-quality bitumen of the Swedish company Nynas are produced. In connection with the above-mentioned physical and chemical properties of the oil from the Kokhanivske field (high density, viscosity asphaltene and resin content, etc.), significant complications arise during its collection and preparation. In order to solve the problem of preparing this type of oil, a technological solution for its preparation with a wave field of different intensity is proposed. In accordance with this technological solution, a laboratory setup was developed to study the effect of a wave field of different intensity on high-viscosity oil of the Kokhanivske field based on the Yutkin effect.

Determination of fatty acid composition after saponification of common oil pharmaceutical excipients by supercritical fluid-evaporative light scattering method and its application in oil identification

Oils and fats are commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry as solvents, emulsifiers, wetting agents, and dispersants, and are an important category of pharmaceutical excipients. Fatty acids with unique compositions are important components of oil pharmaceutical excipients. The Chinese Pharmacopoeia provides clear descriptions of the fatty acid types and limits suitable for individual oil pharmaceutical excipient. An unqualified fatty acid composition or content may indicate adulteration or deterioration. The fatty acid composition, as a key indicator for the identification and adulteration evaluation of oil pharmaceutical excipients, can directly affect the quality and safety of oil pharmaceutical excipients and preparations. Gas chromatography is the most widely used technique for fatty acid analysis, but it generally requires derivatization, which affects quantitative accuracy. Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), an environmentally friendly technique with excellent separation capability, offers an efficient method for detecting fatty acids without derivatization. Unlike other chromatographic methods, SFC does not use nonvolatile solvents (e. g., water) as the mobile phase, rendering it compatible with an evaporative light-scattering detector (ELSD) for enhanced detection sensitivity. However, the fatty acids in oil pharmaceutical excipients exist in the free and bound forms, and the low content of free fatty acids in these oil pharmaceutical excipients not only poses challenges for their detection but also complicates the determination of characteristic fatty acid compositions and contents. Moreover, the compositions and ratios of fatty acids are influenced by environmental factors, leading to interconversion between their two forms. In this context, saponification provides a simpler and faster alternative to derivatization. Saponification degrades oils and fats by utilizing the reaction between esters and an alkaline solution, ultimately releasing the corresponding fatty acids. Because this method is more cost effective than derivatization, it is a suitable pretreatment method for the detection of fatty acids in oil pharmaceutical excipients using the SFC-ELSD approach. In this study, we employed SFC-ELSD to simultaneously determine six fatty acids, namely, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, docosanoic acid, and lignoceric acid, in oil pharmaceutical excipients. Saponification of the oil pharmaceutical excipients using sodium hydroxide methanol solution effectively avoided the bias in the determination of fatty acid species and contents caused by the interconversion of fatty acids and esters. The separation of the six fatty acids was achieved within 12 min, with good linearity within their respective mass concentration ranges. The limits of detection and quantification were 5-10 mg/L and 10-25 mg/L, respectively, and the spiked recoveries were 80.93%-111.66%. The method proved to be sensitive, reproducible, and stable, adequately meeting requirements for the analysis of fatty acids in oil pharmaceutical excipients. Finally, the analytical method was successfully applied to the determination of six fatty acids in five types of oil pharmaceutical excipients, namely, corn oil, soybean oil, coconut oil, olive oil, and peanut oil. It can be combined with principal component analysis to accurately differentiate different types of oil pharmaceutical excipients, providing technical support for the rapid identification and quality control of oil pharmaceutical excipients. Thus, the proposed method may potentially be applied to the analysis of complex systems adulterated with oil pharmaceutical excipients.

Lubricating Greases from Fried Vegetable Oil—Preparation and Characterization

Lubricating Greases from Fried Vegetable Oil—Preparation and Characterization

Effect of virgin olive oil as spreadable preparation on atherosclerosis compared to dairy butter in Apoe-deficient mice

Olive oil is the main source of lipid energy in the Mediterranean diet and there is strong evidence of its health benefits. The effect of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) in the form of a preparation of spreadable virgin olive oil (S-VO) on the progression of atheroma plaques was investigated in Apoe-deficient mice, a model of accelerated atherosclerosis. Methods: Two isocaloric Western purified diets containing 20% fat, either as S-VO or as dairy butter, were used to feed 28 males and 16 females of two-month-old Apoe-deficient mice for 12 weeks. S-VO was prepared by blending more than 75% virgin olive oil with other vegetal natural fat to obtain a solid fat. Plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL cholesterol were measured. Hepatic lipid droplets were analyzed. Areas of atherosclerotic aortic lesions were quantified in cross-sectional images of the proximal aorta and en face analysis of the whole aorta. Results: Total plasma cholesterol was increased in mice on the butter-supplemented diet in both female and male mice compared to S-VO, and the ratio of TC/HDL-cholesterol was significantly lower in S-VO than in the butter diet, although only in males, and no differences in plasma triglycerides were observed. No significant differences in hepatic lipid droplets were observed between diets in either sex. Aortic lesion areas were significantly higher in mice consuming the butter versus the S-VO diet in both sexes. Conclusion: Extra virgin olive oil prepared in spreadable form maintained the delay in atheroma plaque progression compared to butter.

Preparation and Evaluation of Herbal Oil

Herbal formulations always have lesser or no side effects comparatively with synthetic. The aim of present study involves preparation of herbal hair oil using the herbal ingredients like., Amla, Hibiscus, Bhringraj, Jatamansi, Raw garlic, Muskmelon seeds, Moringa, Curry leaves, Guava leaves, Papaya leaves, Methi, Mimosa Pudica and Spring onion. Based on the above observations, mixture of crude drugs was prepared in the form of herbal hair oil by boiling method. We have used five formulas using different herbal drugs and all the formulation are showing anti-hairfall property with someof other beneficial activities like anti-dandruff activity, improves blood circulation to the scalp and roots, reduce hair pigmentation, anti-fungal activity, reducing the whitening of the hair. The formulate dherbal oil was evaluated by using various parameters such as Organoleptic properties, specific gravity, stability, viscosity, Acid value, pH etc. and the value obtained from it are found to be similar to that of the standard values like there is no sedimentation, no grittiness and shows satisfying organoleptic properties and the results were determined and are reported in this work. The goal of the present study is herbal have the effective formulation for the hair care or in hair treatment