Oil Palm Farmers Research Articles

Pengaruh Harga Jual dan Produksi Tandan Buah Segar (TBS) terhadap Upah Buruh Kelapa Sawit di Desa Meranti Kecamatan Bilah Hulu Kabupaten Labuhanbatu

This research aims to determine the effect of selling prices and production of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) on the wages of oil palm workers in Meranti Village, Bilah Hulu District, Labuhanbatu Regency. The research data used in this research is primary data obtained directly from the first source, either from individuals, such as the results of filling out questionnaires and distributed to oil palm farm workers in Meranti Village, Bilah Hulu District, Labuhanbatu Regency. The method used is multiple linear regression analysis assisted by SPSS (Statistical Package For Social Science) 2020 software. The results of the research conducted show that the selling price has a negative effect on the wages of oil palm workers in Meranti Village, Bilah Hulu District. FFB production has a positive and significant effect on the wages of palm oil workers in Meranti Village, Bilah Hulu District, Labuhanbatu Regency. The selling price and production of FFB simultaneously and significantly influence the wages of palm oil workers in Meranti Village, Bilah Hulu District, Labuhanbatu Regency.

Higher avian biodiversity, increased shrub cover and proximity to continuous forest may reduce pest insect crop loss in small‐scale oil palm farming

Abstract One of the key ecosystem services offered by avian biodiversity within agricultural landscapes is natural predation. Nonetheless, the current use of biological control agents such as farmland birds in oil palm plantations is relatively limited. This study aimed to assess the potential roles of avian biodiversity, particularly insectivores that provide natural predation against oil palm herbivorous insects. We also investigated the influence of local‐ and landscape‐scale variables on foliage damage (crown or frond). Our data showed that crown damage decreased with increasing farmland bird richness (overall and insectivore), shrub cover, dried biomass and elevation, but increased with epiphyte cover, oil palm height and distance to continuous forest. Frond damage was negatively related to bird richness (overall, insectivore and non‐insectivore) and non‐insectivore abundance, elevation and shrub cover, while increased with insectivorous abundance, epiphyte cover, oil palm height and distance to continuous forest. We also found that plantations (≥50 ha) were more susceptible to foliage damage from pest insects than smallholdings (<50 ha). There was no evidence that indicate the influence of forest patches on foliage damage. Synthesis and applications. Our study highlights the economic value of conserving biodiversity, most notably, farmland birds and continuous forests with respect to biological control of defoliating pests and maintaining yield productivity in oil palm cultivation. Growers, particularly major plantation companies should make oil palm farming more biodiversity‐friendly in order to increase the number of biological control agents such as birds.

Analisis Kendala Program Peremajaan Sawit Rakyat (PSR) terhadap Potensi Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Petani Sawit Rakyat.

This study aims to analyze the effect of the community oil palm replanting program on the economic growth of community oil palm farmers in Batu Bara Regency. This research uses quantitative methods with multiple linear regression analysis techniques. Primary data was obtained from 75 respondents of smallholder oil palm farmers in Batu Bara District. The results showed that administration and human resources have a positive and significant influence on the economic growth of smallholders. Meanwhile, oil palm land, facilities and infrastructure, and sustainability have no influence on the economic growth of smallholders. This study implies that it is important to increase training and technical support for assistants and smallholders. The government needs to provide financing and incentives to encourage farmers' participation in the smallholder oil palm replanting program. A holistic economic growth strategy is needed, such as diversification of oil palm products, improvement of the value chain, and integration with other sectors. It is necessary to build strong cooperation with relevant stakeholders to improve program implementation and maximize economic benefits for smallholders.

SERTIFIKASI KELAPA SAWIT DAN PENGEMBANGAN EKONOMI BERKELANJUTAN: STUDY LITERATUR REVIEW

The palm oil industry has experienced significant growth in recent decades. Disparities in ownership and profit sharing are one of the main problems in the palm oil industry today. Even though the industry employs millions of people, especially in Indonesia and Malaysia, many palm oil farmers who comply with Voluntary Sustainability Standards (VSS) still struggle to earn decent money. This is due to low demand for VSS compliant palm oil and minimum prices or premiums. The method used in this research is descriptive bibliometric analysis using Vosviewer 1.6.19 software. Data collection was carried out through searching publications indexed by Scopus. The results of this research can illustrate future palm oil certification studies by paying attention to the economic development aspects of the implementation and application of palm oil certification

The Implementation Process of the People's Palm Oil Rejuvenation Program (PSR) in Sungai Melayu Sub-District, Ketapang Regency

The residents of Sungai Melayu Village mostly make their living as oil palm farmers using old and unfit planting conditions. This research aims to analyze the implementation process of the People's Palm Oil Rejuvenation (PSR) Policy program in Sungai Melayu District, Ketapang Regency. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive approach as sources of information include the Head of Service, Head of Division, Sub-District Head, community leaders, and palm oil heads. The results of this study indicate that the PSR. The program Implementation Process is not yet optimal because the institutions involved still need to be stronger in synergy. In addition, funding and infrastructure support are lacking. The interpretation of the program that was rolled out was poorly understood by the farmers due to the lack of massive and programmed socialization.

Socialization of Indonesia Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) Certification Obligations for Smallholders Palm Oil Plantation in West Pasaman District

This socialization aims to socialize the obligation of ISPO certification for independent oil palm farmers. This socialization activity was attended by Supervisors, Management, and representatives of the Heads of Farmer Groups of three Palm Oil Plantation Cooperatives in West Pasaman Regency, West Sumatra, Indonesia. The results of the socialization showed that most participants agreed to take part in certification as long as the government provided price guarantees and technical and financial support. The socialization results also show that with the current conditions, oil palm farmers in the three cooperatives still need to meet ISPO requirements. The concern of local governments and relevant palm oil organizations in providing technical and financial support will influence the achievement of the ISPO certification program targets, improve Indonesia's welfare, and enhance the image of Indonesia's sustainable palm oil.

ANALISIS PENDAPATAN USAHATANI KELAPA SAWIT POLA SWADAYA DI KABUPATEN ROKAN HILIR

The oil palm farming of independent farmers plays an important role as a source of income in Rokan Hilir Regency. This study aims to analyze the income of independent oil palm smallholders in Rokan Hilir. This study used survey methods and interviews with key persons and independent farmers oil palm. The location of this research was determined purposively. A sampling of representative areas using multistage area sampling. The number of respondents was 93 persons. The research data taken consisted of primary data and secondary data. Data analysis used to use farming analysis: production costs, revenue, income. The result of the study was that the average total income 0f independent palm oil in Rokan Hilir was IDR 11,434,710.28 per year per hectare or IDR 37,085,765.71 per year per cultivated area. Meanwhile. The average total production cost incurred is IDR 166,888.65 per year per hectare or IDR 1,671,519.76 per year per cultivated area. So that an average net income of IDR 9,124,415.74 per year is obtained per hectare or IDR 30,696,704.21 per year per cultivated area.

Analysis of the Welfare Level of Palm Farmers at Sungai Sayang Village

The aim of the research is to analyze and determine the influence of the level of welfare of oil palm farmers in Sungai Sayang Village, Sadu District, and to find out what obstacles are often faced in improving the welfare of oil palm farmers in Sungai Sayang Village, Sadu District. In this research the author used a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis methods. The level of welfare of oil palm farmers also depends on the farmer's income, especially the income obtained from oil palm plantations, so the higher the farmer's income from oil palm, the level of welfare of oil palm farmers will also increase. And also the obstacles faced by oil palm farmers in Sungai Sayang Village are the unstable selling price of palm oil FFB, and also inadequate road conditions making it difficult to transport the community's palm oil FFB products. The results of this research are that the level of welfare of oil palm farmers also depends on the farmer's income, especially the income obtained from oil palm plantations, so the higher the farmer's income from oil palm, the level of welfare of oil palm farmers will also increase. The obstacles faced by oil palm farmers in Sungai Sayang Village are the unstable selling price of palm oil FFB, and also inadequate road conditions making it difficult to transport the community's palm oil FFB products

Analisis Prospektif Peremajaan Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq) POLA Swadaya di Kabupaten Kampar

This study aims to analyze oil palm farming self-help patterns and determine the determinants of successful replanting and the implications of self-help oil palm replanting. The analysis used is a prospective analysis. The results of this study show that independent oil palm farmers in Kampar Regency have an average net income obtained by farmers of 38,814,983.21 / lg / th and the determining attributes for the success of oil palm replanting in Kampar Regency are banks, assistance workers and partners. These attributes have a strong influence on the success of oil palm replanting and there are implications for the development of oil palm replanting self-help patterns in this study, namely improvements in the components of the attributes of ease of selling production products, high demand, knowledge and skills of farming, controlled prices, capital and land legality.

Perampasan Tanah dan Perlawanan Petani: Dampak Perkebunan Sawit terhadap Kehidupan Masyarakat di Pasaman Barat Tahun 1980-2022

This research examines "Land Grabbing and Farmer Resistance: The Impact of Oil Palm Plantations on People’s Life in West Pasaman during 1980-2022". Forests belonging to indigenous peoples encountered land grabbing and conversion into oil palm plantations. Land grabbing is a common phenomenon in West Pasaman. The purpose of this research are to find out the pattern of land ownership in West Pasaman from 1980-2022, strategy of land grabbing, the resistance of oil palm farmers, Fourthly, and the impact of the widespread land grabbing activities on oil palm plantations in West Pasaman. This research used a multidimensional approach. For this reason, social science theories such as economics, anthropology and sociology were used to explain the subject matter. This method strategy is important to be able to analyze the research topic more comprehensively. The method used was historical method including heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The result of research shows that the expansion of oil palm plantations is putatively more than 70% of land in West Pasaman controlled by large companies, while the rest of 30% is for the people in West Pasaman. Large plantations did land acquisition successfully in various ways such as buying land, cooperation with traditional leaders, and land grabbing. The land grabbing results in various effects: people losing their land, displaced communities, poverty, no place to stand and farmer resistance. In conclusion, the expansion of oil palm plantations has generated various conflicts within community. The main sources of conflict are land grabbing and socio-economic inequality in the community. This then led to the farmer’s resistance against the rulers and entrepreneurs of oil palm plantations.

Population and attack of bagworm pests in smallholder oil palm plantations in Tenggulun Sub District, Aceh Tamiang District, Aceh

Bagworms are leaf-eating insects that are quite greedy and difficult to control because these pests hide in their bags. This pest control needs to be done especially on immature plants. This research aims to determine the dynamics of bagworm populations in immature oil palm plants and the percentage of bagworm attacks in smallholder oil palm plantations with different management. This research was carried out by direct observation of bagworms on Smallholder Oil Palm Plantations in Selamat Village and Tenggulun Village. In each village, 2 observation locations were determined and 25 plant samples were selected from each observation location. Dead bagworms are collected to determine the cause of death. The results of the research found 3 species of bagworms at the research location (Mahasena corbetti, Metisa plana and Cremastopsyche pendula). The most commonly found bagworm species is Mahesa plana. Mahasena corbetti is a priority to control because its attack level is in the medium category. Furthermore, the percentage of bagworm attacks ranges from 38-76%. The bagworm population in Selamat Village is lower than in Tenggulun Village, this is because oil palm farmers in Selamat Village have implemented integrated pest control methods in managing their oil palm plants, (utilizing natural enemies/predators, manual eradication of bagworm pests and trunk injection.

The presence of Myopopone castanea Smith (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) as a predator in oil palm plantations

One of the predators of the immature horn beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros, is Myopopone castanea. These predators have the same ecological niche as O. rhinoceros at its juvenile stage in oil palm plantations. Opportunities to carry out biological management of the O. rhinoceros and improve agricultural sustainability in oil palm fields arise from niche similarities between predators and prey. This study aimed to quantify the abiotic environment in ant nests and investigate the existence of M. castanea ants in oil palm farms. Oil palm plantations on peat soils and mineral soils with 20 sample points each were surveyed and explored as part of this study. The findings indicated that starting at 20 sample points on. The findings indicated that whereas 10 colonies of M. castanea ants were discovered in oil palm plantations on mineral soils, there were none identified in 20 sampling points on oil palm plantations on peat soil. The average temperature, humidity, and pH of the M. castanea ant colony were 29.1 0C, 6.27, and 71.4%, respectively. There is a considerable difference in the pH indicator between marginal land and peat land, but not in the temperature or humidity.

Is the income of independent smallholder oil palm after replanting with a conventional system greater than the underplanting system in supporting the sustainability of oil palm plantations?

The sustainability of oil palm plantations is of particular concern from government. One of the problems that has not yet been realized is the target of replanting smallholder palm oil plantations. There are two replanting systems namely conventional and underplanting system. Some farmers do underplanting because it prevents farmers from losing their major source of revenue if they do not have oil palm plantations in more than 2ha. Smallholder oil palm producers in Sungai Bahar District with two system. The sampling approach employs simple random sampling with 44 sample conventional and 42 sample underplanting. According to the research findings, conventional system farmers’ income is higher than underplanting farmers with difference comparison 20.7%. Farming income using conventional is IDR 22,323,490/ha/year, while underplanting is IDR 12,519,214/ha/year. The difference is seen at higher production levels in the conventional system. Besides that, the application Good Agriculture Practice in conventional systems also affects the condition of the Fruit Fresh Bunches produced, including the use of appropriate fertilizer. Oil palm farming has reached the account the minimum wage (UMK) level, even above the applicable UMK level, taking into UMK for the district of Muaro Jambi in 2023 of IDR 2,900,000 per month in both two-system replanting.

Rejuvenation; Influencing Factors That Farmers Should Consider

One of the impacts of the replanting program is the cessation of production, which has implications for the loss of farmers' household sources of income. The production cycle in the business of annual crops greatly affects the profit that will be obtained by the farmer. More complicated challenges are faced by perennials than annuals because the time between investment, production, cost, and receipt of farming takes a long time in its implementation. This cross-sectional survey research aims to analyze the problems and socio-economic factors that determine the decision of oil palm farmers to participate in the rejuvenation of oil palm plantations in Jambi Province. This research was carried out in several villages which centered of smallholder oil palm plantations with a sample of 257 oil palm farmers who had old or damaged oil palm plants that had not been replanted or had been replanted. The respondents were selected by using the multistage sampling method. The instrument used is an open-ended questionnaire. The results showed that the farmer's level of readiness, assets, family size, dependency burden, sex ratio, and perception have a significant influence on the farmer's decision to replant oil palm.
 KEYWORDS
 Farmer; Palm oil; Rejuvenation; Sustainability

Pemetaan Sosial Ekonomi Menuju Desa Iklim di Desa Pinggir Kabupaten Bengkalis Provinsi Riau

Villages are the initial milestone for developing a country, if a village is strong it will have an impact on economic sustainability, for this reason it is necessary to map village potential so that later it can be developed and connected to environmental social responsibility (TJSL) programs. To build a village, potential data is needed, later this will become the basis for pentahelic collaboration to build villages. By looking at socio-economic aspects consisting of education level, employment, income, expenditure, waste management and the environment. The peripheral villages are dominated by oil palm plantations and the people also work as oil palm farmers. A small number work in the government, trade and private sectors. Other results are also in the agricultural sector, but very few people are involved in this field. The commodities produced include cassava and vegetables. They process the sweet potatoes into chips, tape, fried foods and others. The large area of plantation land should be supported by the availability of organic fertilizer but currently they only use manufactured chemical fertilizer. In the future, it is necessary to encourage the development of organic fertilizer production for the environmentally friendly fertilizer needs of the plantation and agricultural sectors.

Kesiapan Petani Menghadapi Peremajaan (Replanting) Kelapa Sawit Di Desa Rimba Jaya, Kabupaten Kampar

<em>This study aims to determine the replanting model carried out by oil palm farmers and to determine the readiness of farmers in facing repalnting in Rimba Jaya Village, Tapung Hulu District, Kampar Regency. The research method uses descriptive qualitative. The sample was determined by purposive sampling with a total sample of 30 farmers with the consideration that the farmers selected were currently reppanting oil palm. The results showed that the replanting model used by oil palm farmers was total replanting (TUT) of 70% and interplanting of 30%. Readiness of farmers in facing repalnting because they receive assistance from the government, have savings, have side jobs and own land other than what is replanting</em>

Utilization Of Digital Marketing For Palm Oil Farmers And Palm Fruit Craftsmen In Indonesia

When researchers carried out community service in the villages of Lebaksari village, West Java, Lumpoknyo Luwuk Bangai village, Mapalla village Makassar, and Batang Merangin Jambi, researchers discussed with oil palm farmers and palm and coconut frond craftsmen. Oil palm and palm frond farmers in West Java village, Lumpoknyo Luwuk Bangai village, Mapalla village Makassar, and Batang Merangin Jambi farmers and frond craftsmen complained that their businesses had stalled and seemed to be running in place. Then the servant/writer held discussions with colleagues online, consulted with experts and village officials. In the end, the author/devotee based on the results of discussions with stakeholders agreed that the main problems experienced by farmers and frond craftsmen in Lebaksari village, West Java, Lumpoknyo Luwuk Bangai village, Mapalla village Makassar, and Batang Merangin Jambi . The result in this article show that 1). When the community service carried out observations for one month and discussed with local residents, the majority of whom were oil palm farmers and frond craftsmen, they experienced marketing problems. Then researchers found digital marketing solutions. 2). Digital marketing strategies, e-commerce, and websites are one unit that the author believes can overcome the marketing problems experienced by oil palm farmers and frond craftsmen in the villages of West Java village, Lumpoknyo Luwuk Bangai village, Mapalla village Makassar, and Batang Merangin Jambi.

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Bimbingan dan Pelatihan Pemanfaatan Legum Cover Crop Mucuna bracteata untuk Pengendalian Gulma dan Peningkatan Hara Tanah pada Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit

Weed control in oil palm plants is very necessary because it can cause losses both directly and indirectly. Kampar Polytechnic's partner in this PKM activity is the Pancuran Gading Village Office which is the Village Government that leads the implementation of Village development, development of Village community, and empowerment of Village communities, the majority of whom are oil palm farmers. So far, oil palm farmers prefer to use herbicides to control weeds. The impact of using herbicides is that it is not environmentally friendly and tends to increase maintenance costs because the price of herbicides is increasing every year. One solution that can be used is the use of the legume cover crop (LCC) Mucuna bracteata. Apart from functioning to suppress weed growth, LCC also plays a role in increasing soil fertility. With this community service activity, it is hoped that oil palm farmers will be able to cultivate Mucuna bracteata well in order to control weeds on oil palm plantations. In this way, dependence on herbicides can be reduced and oil palm maintenance costs can become more economical.

New Challenges and Opportunities of Indonesian Crude Palm Oil in International Trade

Indonesia is one of the largest palm oil producers in the world. The palm oil industry must look at the market competition map, starting from competing countries and other export opportunities to absorb palm oil products to increase state revenues. This paper analyzes the new challenges and opportunities for Crude Palm Oil (CPO) in Indonesia in international trade. Analytical tools were Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA), Dynamic Product Export and X-model Potential Export. The results showed that Indonesian and Malaysian palm oil commodities obtained an RCA value of more than 1 and an RSCA value of close to 1. Indonesia is more competitive than Malaysia. The X-model showed that Indonesian CPO market share optimism is only in India and the rest is less potent. Malaysian CPO market share also has less potential. Therefore, Indonesia’s new challenges are export tariffs, obstructed access, insufficient downstream production and a black campaign. The opportunity for participation in the CPO export market is only in India compared to Malaysia, which has less potential. The two countries have less potential in destinations such as the Netherlands, USA, China and Kenya. Indonesia can take external policies by establishing cooperation with export destination countries, such as trade agreements, so that information about Indonesian palm oil is well received. Meanwhile, internal policies strengthen domestic downstream industry policies, such as the food, health, and renewable energy industries, to strengthen the domestic economy and improve the welfare of Indonesian palm oil farmers.

Peningkatan Keterampilan Praktik Pertanian yang Baik Petani Sawit Swadaya di Kabupaten Sambas

Good oil palm cultivation contributes to the progress of the national economy by earning foreign exchange and income, creating jobs, and increasing welfare. However, independent palm oil farming has low productivity and quality due to limited knowledge and skills of GAP (Good Agriculture Practices). The research aims to formulate improvements in GAP skills, including technical skills, human skills, and conceptual skills, using skills theory and the concept of sustainability. The research method was descriptive-quantitative with Multidimensional Scaling using the Rap-Palm Oil program on 100 respondents in Sambas Regency, one of the centers of independent oil palm smallholders in West Kalimantan. The results showed that conceptual skills through extension activities are prioritized in improving GAP skills. Therefore, counseling methods through demonstration plots, comparative studies, and field schools can be an effort to improve GAP skills for sustainable management of oil palm farming.
 
 Keywords: good agriculture practices, multidimensional scaling, palm oil, skills