Oil Palm Empty Bunch Research Articles

Effect of local microorganisms (LOM) and growing media on growth of guava (Psidium guajava L.) at nursery stage

Guava is a fruit that trade internationally. One of the problems in Indonesia is preparing the plant for a seedling. This research investigated the effect of local microorganisms and growing media on Guava’s growth at the nursery stage. The experiment was conducted from June to August 2020, at the experimental site of agriculture faculty, University of Lampung. The design used was a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors: growing media and local microorganisms (LOM). Growing media consisting of 2 types, M1: combination soil and rice husk, M2: combination soil and baglog waste. Local microorganisms consisting of 4 types, P1: local microorganisms from EM4, P2: local microorganisms from rice fermentation, P3: local microorganisms from oil palm empty bunches fermentation, P3: local microorganisms from fruit and vegetable fermentation. The results showed that the treatment combination of local microorganismss and growing media did not show the dominant pattern. Growing media combination of soil and rice husk was better than a combination of soil and baglog waste to support Guava’s growth. Local microorganisms from fruit and vegetable fermentation promote the high value on the growth of Guava.

Water Purification Process Uses Adsorbents From Natural

Adsorbent is an adsorption that is used to absorb various pollutants. Adsorbents can be used from natural materials. Natural ingredients that can be used are oil palm empty bunches. Oil palm empty bunches are a carbon-rich material that is getting new research interest in adsorption because of its abundance and properties. Oil palm empty bunches contain carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose. Oil palm empty bunches are used as adsorbent for water saturation.

Physics and chemical activation to produce activated carbon from empty palm oil bunches waste

This research was conducted by laboratory-scale trials to make activated carbon from empty oil palm bunches. Empty bunches were palm oil processing industrial waste. This research was an effort to optimize waste management. Empty palm oil bunches were studied to become carbon active. Activated carbon is needed to meet the needs of the food industry and non-food industries. This research aimed to determine the appropriate method, optimal operating condition, and get the specification of standard carbon active. Making activated carbon was carried out by multiple activations; chemical and physical. The feed carbonation process was conducted at 400° C for 4 hours with N2 gas flow. After the charcoal is formed, chemical activation is carried out using an H3PO4 activator with a concentration of 9-15% wt. Physical activity was conducted by heating the activated carbon method in 700°C for an hour. The result of the study showed that multiple activations produced activated carbon, and the quality filled the standard. H3PO4 concentration of 13% was the most appropriate concentration to provide activated carbon with the best quality. The best quality activated carbon, which has produced of this research has complied with Indonesian National Standards 06-3730-1995 with parameters: 3% moisture content, 3.92% ash content, 0.7% volatile matter, 95.38% bonded carbon, iodine number 945.47 mg / g, and surface area of 272.9 m2/g.

A Uji Amelioran Organik Asal Limbah Pertanian pada Pertanaman Sawi Hijau (Brassica juncea L.) di Tanah Gambut

Penggunaan limbah pertanian sebagai bahan amelioran organik dapat mengurangi ketergantungan penggunaan pupuk kimia sintetik pada budidaya tanaman sawi hijau di tanah gambut. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh dosis kompos limbah tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) dan gedebok pisang terbaik terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil sawi hijau di tanah gambut. Lokasi penelitian bertempat di Desa Baning Kota, Kabupaten Sintang pada bulan April sampai dengan Juni 2020. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial. Faktor pertama yaitu pemberian dosis kompos TKKS 5 taraf t0 (tanpa kompos), t1(5 ton ha-1), t2 (10 ton ha-1), t3 (15 ton ha-1), dan t4 (20 ton ha-1). Faktor kedua yaitu dosis kompos gedebok pisang dengan 4 taraf p0 (tanpa kompos), p1(10 ton ha-1), p2(20 ton ha-1), dan p3(30 ton ha-1). Interaksi perlakuan secara signifikan dapat meningkatkan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, luas daun, bobot segar tanaman, bobot kering tanaman, laju asimilasi bersih, dan laju pertumbuhan tanaman. Kandungan N, P, dan K di tanah meningkat 53.85%, 409.90% dan 2,709% pada pemberian 15 ton ha-1 kompos TKKS + 30 ton ha-1 kompos gedebok pisang. Kombinasi perlakuan ini adalah yang terbaik dalam penelitian ini untuk meningkatkan produksi sawi hijau di tanah gambut, ditunjukkan dengan rata-rata bobot segar tanaman sebesar 176.71 g.
 Kata kunci: gedebok pisang, produksi tanaman, tandan kosong kelapa sawit

Characterization and Analysis of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) Waste of PT Kharisma Alam Persada South Borneo

Empty oil palm bunches are the largest solid waste produced from the palm oil industry processing. In processing 1 ton of fresh palm oil bunches, 230 Kg of empty palm oil bunches will be produced. Based on previous research, it is known that oil palm empty fruit bunches waste is proven to have a large amount of organic mass such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin. Organic content as mentioned is rich in benefits so that it can be used as raw material for making daily needs products ranging from food to complementary products such as household appliances, clothing and so on. For this reason, a study was conducted on the content of oil palm empty bunches originating from waste at PT. Kharisma Alam Persada. The characterization process was carried out using the SNI method 0128911992. From the research carried out it was found that the cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin content were 55.75%; 28.93% and 15.32% respectively. So that it is possible to be used as raw material for processing other products.

Progam Pelatihan Budidaya Jamur Merang Melalui Media Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Pada Jamaah Nahdliyin di Desa Jati Datar Lampung Tengah

Community empowerment in improving the standard of living was essential. As in Jati Datar Village, Bandar Mataram Subdistrict, Central Lampung Regency, the majority of which work in gardening or farming. The purpose of this assistance was to increase community independence in cultivating mushroom so that it can help the community's economy by utilizing empty oil palm bunches which is used as a medium for edible mushrooms. This research used ABCD (Asset Based Community Development) method. The results of this activity indicate that the mushroom cultivation activity has enormous potential for the community to increase economic growth. This assistance improves the economy and welfare of the community to become better than before.
 Keywords: Mushroom Cultivation, Mushroom Cultivation Training, JamaahNahdliyin

Oil Palm Empty Bunch Compost as a Source of Humic Acid

Humic acid is a fraction of humic compounds that are part of soil organic matter. In this research, humic acid is extracted from oil palm empty fruit bunches compost. Compost is made from the process of counting the empty oil palm bunches, which are composted until the compost is cooked. The humic acid extraction process uses a strong base extraction method. The principle of humic acid extraction is to dissolve the humic compound with a base solution and then separate it by adding an acid solution (HCl solution). The extraction of humic acid from oil palm empty fruit bunches compost produced blackish-brown humic acid with a yield of 4.895%. The result showed that the main functional group content of palm oil empty fruit bunches compost humic acid was the -OH group and phenol group which had a conjugated carbonyl group and a more aliphatic humic acid structure. Quantitatively, the functional groups of humic acid functional groups each amounted to a total acidity of 7,400 cmol/kg, a carboxylic group of 520 cmol/kg, and a phenolic -OH group content of 6,880 cmol/kg. Research results show that oil palm empty fruit bunches compost can be used as a source of humic acid.

KARAKTERISTIK SIFAT FISIKA TANAH ULTISOL AKIBAT PEMBERIAN BIOCHAR BERBAHAN BAKU SISA TANAMAN KELAPA SAWIT

The physical characteristics of ultisols due to the provision of biochar made from palm oil plant residue aims to determine the effect of giving various biochar made from oil palm plant residues on the physical properties of Ultisols. The research design used completely randomized design, consisting of 5 treatments, namely K = without giving biochar, BB = oil palm stem biochar, BP = oil palm frond biochar, BT = oil palm empty bunches biochar and BK = combination of biochar ingredients. Each treatment was repeated 4 times, so that the number of experimental units became 20 units. The parameters observed included soil density, soil porosity, soil texture, soil permeability and available water. The results showed that giving biochar significantly decreased the bulk weight and significantly increased the soil porosity of Ultisols.Key words : biochar, oil palm wastes, physical properties of soil and ultisol

POTENSI LIMBAH PADAT PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT DI PROVINSI RIAU

Oil palm plantations produce solid biomass waste, namely replanting stems, midribs, empty fruit bunches (EFB), shells and fruit fibers. In 2018 the area of ​​oil palm plantations in Indonesia reached 14.3 million ha and the area of ​​oil palm plantations in the Riau Province until 2018 was 2.7 million hectares. The availability of oil palm plantation waste in Riau Province, such as waste production in gardens and palm oil mill waste (PKS) needs to be studied further, so that the amount of oil palm biomass waste will be illustrated. The purpose of this study was to calculate the potential for biomass waste from oil palm plantations in the form of replanting stems, midribs, EFB, shells and fruit fibers. The method used in this study is calculating waste based on mass balance and the data were analyzed using linear regression. The results of this study indicate an increasing trend in the amount of waste produced. The most potential amount of waste is oil palm empty bunches (TKKS) of 6 663 956 tonnes per year on average.

Influence of Biomass Based Carbon Black as Filler Composite on Tensile and Impact Strength

Carbon blacks (CB), derived from agricultural waste, bamboo stem, coconut shells and oil palm empty fiber bunch, were obtained by pyrolysi used as filler in epoxy composites. The aim of this study was to identify the effect of biomass based carbon black on the tensile and impact strength carbon black – epoxy composite. In this research, carbon black was biomass based. The matrix was epoxy resin Bakelite EPR 174 and epoxy hardener versamid 140 while, the methodology for making the composite was hand lay-up method. The composite were made at 5, 10, 15, 20 volume percentage carbon black then the composite tested with the tensile and impact strength. The highest tensile strength was 44,65 MPa 5 volume percentage carbon black and the highest impact strength was 5.47 MPa volume percentage carbon black. While, based on the result of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis showed there were agglomeration at the particle of carbon black, pull out, and void.

Bleaching Process on Oil Palm Empty Bunches by Pulping Using Formacell Liquid Waste

The formacell process produces black liquor that damages the environment. Previous research has shown that black liquor can be used as a cooking solution for pulping. The pulping process using formacell waste on oil palm empty bunches produces a dark color; therefore, it requires a bleaching process. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the type of cooking solution (fresh pulping solution and leachate residual from pulping) and bleaching time (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 h) on pulp yield, cellulose content, permanganate number, and score on whiteness degree. The bleaching process used 35% peracetic acid and was conducted at 80�C. The best results were obtained at a bleaching time of 2 h, which resulted in yields of 76.1%�81.2%, cellulose contents of 53%�62.5%, permanganate numbers of 6.3�7.4, and scores of color of 3.78 (yellowish white) to 4.7 (white).

The Effectiveness of Humic Acid and Trichoderma sp. for Planting Media with Oil Palm Empty Bunches in Pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.)

<em>Pakcoy is a vegetable commodity that has high economic value. This study aims to determine the effect of humic acid and Trichoderma sp. by utilizing empty fruit bunch (EFB) waste as a growing medium for Pakcoy growth. The research method used was a two-factor randomized block design. The first factor is humic acid (AH) with three levels: AH1 = 1 g, AH2 = 2 g, AH3 = 3 g. The second factor is Trichoderma sp. (T) with three levels; T1 = 50 ml, T2 = 100 ml, T3 = 150 ml. In this study it was concluded, the best treatment was found in the application of humic acid with a dose of 1 g on the parameters of observation of leaf length, leaf width, plant height, wet weight, and plant dry weight. The use of Trichoderma sp. in this study, does not affect all parameters observation. The results of the analysis of the planting medium showed that the pH was slightly acidic conditions 5.67 - 6.33. The organic matter content contained in the growing media ranged from 1.20 to 2.62%, and the total N-total contained in the growing medium ranged from 0.10 to 0.18. In-plant tissue analysis shows that the N-total found in plant tissue ranges from 4.62 - 5.23.</em>

Exploring functional fungi on organic matter decomposition of oil palm empty bunches as bio-resource in land remediation

Abstract. Rasyid B, Ala A, Kuswinanti T, Sapareng S. 2020. Exploring functional fungi on organic matter decomposition of oil palm empty bunches as bio-resource in land remediation. Biodiversitas 21: 4247-4252. Organic matter of oil palm by-product has the potential to be applied for land remediation. The objective of this experiment was to explore functional fungi on the decomposition effectivity of oil palm empty bunches. Samples were collected from oil palm plantation fields and oil palm factory. Isolated fungi from decomposed material (trunks and rod) were Penicillium sp., Pleurotus sp., Fusarium sp., Chrysosporium sp., and Aspergillus sp. Fungi in the empty fruit branches were identified as Absidia sp., Tremella sp., and Trichoderma sp., Phytophthora sp., Ulocladium sp., and Chaetomium sp. Within all collected fungal isolates, Pleurotus sp., Trichoderma sp., and Tremella sp. were selected as functional fungi based on the results of the highest lignocellulolytic ability (50-75%). The degradation rate of organic matter of each functional fungi was observed as Trichoderma sp. (24.0%), Tremella sp. (20.0%), and Pleurotus sp. (16.0%). Change of C/N ratio as a result of decomposition showed significant difference compared to control with 22.09 by Trichoderma sp., 24.26 by Pleurotus sp., 26.68 by Tremella sp. and 36.58 in control. This study could be concluded that exploring functional fungi can potentially be applied in the decomposition of oil palm by-product effectively.

PENGGUNAAN COAL FLY ASH (CFA) DAN TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT (TKKS) UNTUK PERBAIKAN TANAH ULTISOL DAN SERAPAN LOGAM BERAT

Ultisol is the main type of land in Kalimantan, Sumatra, Papua and Sulawesi, with an area of almost 45.8 million ha or 25% of the land area of Indonesia. Ultisol has a relatively high acidity (average pH 4.5), high Al saturation, reaching 60%. The efforts to increase the fertility of ultisol soils such as the addition of organic materials such as Empty Oil Palm Bunches (OPEFB) and CFA (Coal Fly Ash) or Coal Fly Ash (CFA) improve the physical properties of Ultisol soil. Use of CFA that exceeds the limit can cause pollution especially copper (Cu) and lead (Pb). One way to recover soil from heavy metal contaminants with Phytoremediation technology, mustard (Brassica juncea L.) is one of the plants that easily absorb heavy metals so that it can be used as a Phytoremediation agent. The aims of this research to determine the use of CFA and OPEFB to fix up the ultisol soil and heavy metal content absorbed by plants. This study used Completely Randomized Design with 3 replications. The results showed that using of CFA and OPEFB can increase the available P so that it can increase the growth of mustard plants and absorption of heavy metals. By using the dozes of 54.54g CFA and 18.18g OPEFB (C3K1) can increase P- available at 181.67 m kg-1 . The uptake of heavy metals Cu and Pb in mustard plants is very high. The highest uptake in Cu reached 192.03 mg kg-1 , whereas in Pb it was 80 mg kg-1 . This number is still very high, so it is dangerous if consumed.

Pengaruh Aplikasi Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit dan Arang Sekam Padi terhadap beberapa Sifat Kimia Tanah pada Tomat

<p>The oil palm empty fruit bunches are solid waste produced from the processing of oil palms which have a large amount of potential to be used as compost and are expected to improve the physical, biological and chemical properties of the subsoil. This study aimed to evaluate the best combination between oil palm empty fruit bunches compost and rice husk charcoal on soil chemical properties in tomato. This research was conducted in Sona Village, Labuhanbatu Regency on December 2019-March 2020. Analysis of soil chemical properties was conducted at the Socfindo Seed Production and Laboratories (SSPL) Laboratory of PT. Socfin Indonesia. The study was conducted with a factorial randomized block design with 2 factors. The first factor was the application of oil palm empty bunches which consists of no oil palm empty bunches (control), 0.5 kg/polybag, 0.7 kg/polybag and 1 kg/polybag. The second factor was the application of rice husk charcoal which consists of non-husk charcoal (control), consisting of 0.2 kg/polybag and 0.4 kg/polybag. Data that had a significant effect after analysis of variance continued with DMRT at the level of α = 5%. The results showed that application of oil palm empty fruit bunches (0.7 kg/polybag) significantly increased pH and C-organic. Application of rice husk charcoal (0.2 kg/polybag) significantly increased C-organic and P-available.</p>

Efficacy of Cellulolytic Bacteria Consortium for Composting Oil Palm Empty Bunches Containing Phytonutrients

Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) are themost solid palm oil waste. OPEFB has often been processed into compost with the addition of certain activators. It is expected that with the addition of a consortium bioactivator composting of OPEFB can be faster and the compost produced has good nutrient content. The study aims was to determine the ability of bioactivator bacteria of cellulolytic consortium in degrading TKKS of incubation laboratory scale for 30 days. A consortium of compost bioactivator used were Bacillus sp. S43, Bacillus cereus strains of IARI-MB-6, Bacillus cereus strains TS11, Alcaligenes faecalis strains ZJUTBX11, Bacillus sp. 13847, Stenotrophomonas sp. S169-III-5, Alcaligenes faecalis strains KH-48 and Bacillus cereus strain Y22 by a comparison of 1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1. The results showed that bioactivator consortium was able to degrade OPEFB which on P4 (OPEFB + chicken manure + consortium isolate) reduced organic C from 50.1 to 34.5, increased total nitrogen from 0.73 to 1.35 and reduced the C/N ratio from 37.11 to 25.56 and produced compost phytonutrients and not phytotoxicity.

Design of Hydrogen Fuel Supply Chain Distribution Network from The Potency of Fresh Fruit Empty Bunches

In Indonesia, the production of biomass is wasted because it is considered as “waste” that has no use anymore such as bagasse, rice grain skin, corn cob, and oil palm waste. Oil palm empty bunches have C and H chemical bonds, where most of the materials with chains C and H store heat energy so that hydrogen can be obtained as fuel. Process to convert a biomass into hydrogen is by gasification and pyrolysis. The purpose in this research is to design the distribution network from the potential fresh fruit empty bunches. The hydrogen produced is only 0.469% of the available potential and is similar to the existing of the used empty bunches potential. Selection of factory location is based on 4 criteria. From the criteria, obtained Labuhan Batu District as the best regencies in North Sumatra. Potential plantations can supply as much as 6,390,423,000 kgs with the ability of oil palm factory distribution of 1,469,797,290 kgs.

Preparation and characterization of natural rubber compounds with filler of oil palm empty bunches powder and carbon black

Preparation and characterization of natural rubber compounds with filler of oil palm empty bunches powder and carbon black

Thermoplastic starch-PVA-cellulose nanocomposite film for extending the shelf life of red chili

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of TPS-PVA-cellulose nanocomposite film for extending the shelf-life of fresh red chili. In this study, cellulose nanofibers were isolated from oil palm empty bunches by combination of ultrafine grinding and ultrasonification. Thermoplastic starch-PVA-cellulose nanocomposites were produced by solvent evaporation casting method. The resulting nanocomposite films were applied for packaging of red chili at chilled and ambient temperatures. The different storage temperature generated different physical and mechanical properties of the obtained nanocomposite films. The red chili packed in nanocomposite films and stored at ambient temperature was able to maintain its quality for 12 days, while at chilled temperature the red chili looked fresh up to 15 days.

The application of palm-oil waste as organic materials on three pineapple accessions cultivated on post-tin mining land in Bangka Island, Indonesia

Abstract. Lestari T, Apriyadi R, Mustikarini ED, Saputra W, Merlin Y. 2020. The application of palm-oil waste as organic materials on three pineapple accessions cultivated on post-tin mining land in Bangka Island, Indonesia. Nusantara Bioscience 12: 40-45. Tin mining activities in Bangka Island have produced a vast extent of critical lands that contain clay and tailings. Bangka local pineapple accessions have a high potential to be cultivated in the post-tin mining area as they are able to adapt to drought. The aim of this research was to investigate the growth performance of three pineapple accessions planted on post-tin mining land in Bangka by utilizing solid waste of oil palm as organic materials. The study was conducted in Dwi Makmur village, Merawang Sub-district, Bangka District from November 2017 to June 2019. The experiment used Factorial Completely Randomized Design (FCRD) with two factors: the first was three pineapple accessions (i.e. Toboali Bikang, Peranak and Bogor) and the second was palm oil solid waste (i.e. palm oil empty bunch (POEB) and palm oil bare ash (POBA)). We measured the parameters of vegetative and generative and the values were compared using Fisher test followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (α 0.05). We also conducted organoleptic tests and total dissolved solid tests to assess the quality of the fruit. We found that the application of POEB as organic materials affected the vegetative and generative parameters. We also found that the interaction of POEB with Peranak accession resulted in the best fruit productivity. Our results suggest that Peranak accession is potential to be cultivated in post-tin mining land in Bangka with the application of palm oil empty bunch as organic materials.