Mint Oil Research Articles

Development of Methodology for molecular crystallization of Menthol

Menthol, terpene alcohol with a strong minty, cooling odor and taste is highly popular in food, flavor, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Crystallization of menthol from mint oil is a tedious process involving high cost and a much longer period. The present study has been undertaken to devise a new method with low input and with higher production rates. The crystallization of menthol was performed by the methods including Temperature programmed cooling process (TPCP); Short-path molecular fractional distillation (SPMFD) and Stripping crystallization (SC). About 99 % menthol contained in the mint oil was recovered during the crystallization process. The characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for surface morphology, x-ray diffraction (XRD) for crystal structure and crystallite size evaluation, and FTIR and Raman spectroscopy for analyzing the chemical nature of the crystals.

Non-contact identification of essential oils with IR sensors and analysis of components with an electronic nose

AbstractIn this study, the odour values of rosemary, mint, black cumin, lavender, and thyme oils were determined by an electronic nose working with an Arduino microprocessor. The components of the plants were compared with the sensor data, and the most sensitive sensors were determined by sorting according to the highest components. The study data indicated that the MQ3 sensor exhibited the highest sensitivity for thyme, black cumin, and lavender oils, which contain 63% carvacrol, 38% thymoquinone, and 36% linalool, respectively. Also, MQ7 was the most sensitive sensor for menthone (68%) in mint oil and eucalyptol (45%) in rosemary oil. In addition, a low-cost and non-contact device that works with an infrared sensor has been developed to detect the identity of the oil added into the vial. The study data showed that low-cost Arduino-based IR and odour sensors can determine the identity and component percentage of oils. The fact that the developed device can detect with 100 percent accuracy even in case of peppermint and rosemary oils, which are very similar in appearance, shows that the study data will be an inspiration for contactless determination of oil quality and type.

Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils Against Microbes Associated with Street Food

This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of five essential oils (EOs), namely clove, lemongrass, mint, oregano, and black cardamom, at different concentrations, in fighting microorganisms that were isolated from selected food samples obtained from local street food vendors. The microorganisms isolated from the food samples were Enterobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp., Proteus sp., Acinetobacter sp., Moraxella sp., Escherichia sp. (gram-negative bacteria), and Staphylococcus sp., Bacillus sp., Streptococcus sp., Lactobacillus sp., Micrococcus sp. (gram-positive bacteria). The antimicrobial effects of these oils were tested, and the results were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a significance level of p<0.001. The tests were carried out using different concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% (v/v) against isolates obtained from raw and street food. It was found that clove oil had the highest effect, followed by mint oil, black cardamom oil, and oregano oil. However, lemongrass oil showed the least antimicrobial effect. The results indicate that clove, mint, and black cardamom EOs are highly effective in controlling pathogenic bacteria. These oils can be used to prevent bacterial growth, extend shelf life, and increase the safety of street food.

Effects of Mint Oils on the Human Oral Microbiome: A Pilot Study.

The oral microbiome is a diverse and complex ecosystem essential for maintaining oral and systemic health. Our study is the first to define the oral microbial community in Egyptian young adults and investigate the effects of natural antimicrobials on the oral microbiome. SuperMint (SM) is a proprietary blend of peppermint, Japanese mint, bergamot mint, and spearmint essential oils encapsulated in a tiny soft beadlet. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of SM beadlets on the oral microbiome. This study recruited twenty healthy participants. A baseline investigation of the oral microbiome of the selected participants was performed by collecting saliva and swab samples before treatment. Treatment included chewing four SM beadlets twice a day for 7 days, and then, post-administration saliva and swab samples were collected at the end of treatment. The oral microbiome samples were analyzed by the high-throughput amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA gene fragments, and the community composition was determined. The results showed that the abundance of some microbial genera and families decreased after using SM, including Prevotella, Streptococcus, Neisseria, and Haemophilus. However, some genera showed inconsistent patterns. We also found that the subject's gender and SM usage were significantly associated with diverse microbial composition. The results suggest that SM treatment decreased the abundance of several bacteria associated with halitosis and periodontal diseases, such as Actinomyces and Streptococcus. Furthermore, Corynebacterium species increased and Streptococcus decreased after SM usage. More research is needed to fully understand the antimicrobial effects of mint oils and their potential applications in maintaining good oral health.

Особенности компонентного состава эфирного масла перспективных сортов мяты перечной и пути повышения его выхода

Medicinal preparations (pharmaceutical products) based on essential oils are used in the treatment of many diseases. Pepper mint Mentha piperita is one of the most important essential oil crop. Menthol obtained from peppermint oil is included in the preparations Validol, Corvalol, Valokordin, Pectusin, and Menovazine. The demand of the Russian pharmaceutical industry for mint raw materials at the ex-pense of its own production is not fully satisfied. It can be increased by development new high-yielding varieties of mint and developing modern methods of their cultivation. For this purpose, new high-yielding varieties Aisberg and Aromatnaya, differing in essential oil content and component composition, were developed in the conditions of the North Caucasus branch of the All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. The variety Aisberg has a high content of oil (4.98%) and menthol in it, while the variety Aromatnaya has a low content of essential oil (1.95%) and a high content of menthone and minor components, which allows these oils to be used in different industries – pharmaceutical, perfumery, cosmetic, and food. The application of natural retardant Hardy on the studied moint varieties promoted the increase of essential oil content in raw material by 22–27% and the increase of biologically active components in essential oil: menthol in the variety Aisberg, menthone in the variety Aromatnaya. To ensure a high yield of mint oil per hectare, the complex application of EcoFus (an organomineral fertilizer) and Siliplant (a silicon-containing microfertilizer) is appropriate at the beginning of plant growth and Hardy (retardant) – in the phase of budding. This method increased the yield of the studied mint varieties by 12–13%, the content of essential oil by 26–29%, and oil yield per a hectare by 41–45%.

A cost-benefit analysis of essential oil extraction technology of aromatic plants in Pothwar Punjab, Pakistan

Enhancing rural livelihoods in low to medium-income countries through innovative agricultural technologies is a critical challenge for decision-makers. Cost-effective interventions like essential oil extraction (EOE) technology for aromatic plants need rural adoption. The study assesses two EOE practices' economic benefits in Punjab, Pakistan, using three models: individual benefit-cost (BC), diffusion, and a Pothwar-specific BC model. Thus, analyzing results from the literature, expert insights, and indigenous knowledge can readily be employed in scenarios where data is limited in less developed economies, including Pakistan. The study findings revealed monetary costs and financial returns at both individual and zonal levels. The highest positive NPV value was recorded in the case of mint oil (267.86) followed by eucalyptus oil and wood (755.12) productivity for short-term and long-term benefits respectively. In addition, the maximum BC index (4.03) was recorded under eucalyptus oil and wood, followed by mint essential oil (3.82) production for 10 years. The model(s) further explored the key input parameters that positively impact the economic gains of the interventions and for ongoing future investments. Hence, the general application of the existing framework is also discussed, along with the limitations under different scenarios.

Comparative analysis of essential oil efficacy against the Asian longhorned tick Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae).

This study evaluated the potential repellent and acaricidal effects of 4 essential oils (clove, eucalyptus, lavender, and mint) against the Asian longhorned tick Haemaphysalis longicornis, a vector of various tick-borne diseases in medical and veterinary contexts. Selected for their potential repellent and acaricidal properties, the 4 essential oils were tested on adult and nymph H. longicornis ticks at different concentrations. The experiment assessed mortality rates and repellency, particularly during tick attachment to host skin. There was a significant increase (p<0.05) in tick mortality and repellency scores across all groups. At a 1% concentration, adult tick mortality ranged from 36% to 86%, while nymph mortality ranged from 6% to 97%. Clove oil exhibited notable efficacy, demonstrating high mortality rates of nymphs and adults. Clove oil also displayed strong repellency properties, with a repellency index of 0.05, surpassing those of mint, eucalyptus, and lavender oils. Clove oil showed the highest effectiveness in deterring nonattached adult ticks (90%) and nymphs (95%) when applied to skin. Clove oil was the most effective against adult and nymph ticks, achieving mortality rates of 86% and 97%, respectively, and led to the highest nonattachment rates when applied to skin. In conclusion, essential oils such as clove, eucalyptus, lavender, and mint oils present promising results for tick population control.

Insecticidal activity of essential oils and plant extracts on cowpea aphid

Aphid population’s reduction occurs through chemical management, but the indiscriminate use of these products can cause environmental impacts and health risks. This study aimed to determine the insecticidal effects of essential oils and plant extracts as an alternative for aphid control management. The experimental design was entirely randomised in a 5x5 factorial scheme with five replications. Essential oils of rosemary, citronella, corn mint, and hydroethanolic extracts of garlic and cinnamon at five concentrations (0, 10, 20, 40, 80 μL.L−1) were used. In the exposure period of 96 h, the cinnamon hydroethanolic extract and the essential oil of corn mint (Mentha arvensis) showed a greater effect on aphid mortality. The other products evaluated showed lower mortalities but with the potential to be effective with dosages above 80 μL.L−1.

Sustained-release of essential oils by polyvinyl alcohol-based nanofibers

Flavored cigarettes are very popular among consumers. However, many essential oils in cigarettes are lost during storage, and the utilization rate of the essential oils during use is low. Therefore, effective packaging and stable sustained release are urgently needed. In this study, a composite electrospun stable nanofiber storage material was prepared for sustained release. Polyethylene glycol, which has good heat storage properties, was selected as the heat storage material to inhibit the release of essential materials during storage. Porous graphene with good thermal conductivity and a porous structure was selected as the heat conductive component to ensure rapid and uniform release. Polyethylene glycol/porous graphene polyvinyl alcohol-mint essential oil sustained-release composite electrospun nanofibers membrane was prepared by electrospinning, and the morphology, composition, thermal properties, and sustained-release properties were tested. The results showed that the composite electrospun nanofiber membrane reduced the loss of mint oil during storage and enabled the rapid release of mint oil at high temperatures. At room temperature, the retention rate of the mint oil was still more than 90% after 120 h, and at a high temperature (75°C) the retention rate was less than 20% after 10 min; that is, 80% of the essential oil material was released within 10 min.

Estimation of MBC: MIC Ratio of Herbal Extracts against Common Endodontic Pathogens

ABSTRACT Herbal extracts have evoked interest owing to the small number of terpenoids and phenolic compounds, which impart antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of four herbal extracts (lemon grass oil, basil oil, peppermint oil, and Obicure tea extract) against endodontic pathogens along with the MIC: MBC/MFC ratio were evaluated. The antimicrobial activity by detecting the MIC of three essential oils and tea extract was evaluated against eight common endodontic pathogens by the broth dilution method, while MBC was detected by subculturing onto blood agar from the first –three to five tubes from the MIC dilution tubes (showing no turbidity), which were plated on blood agar. All herbal extracts proved to be effective antimicrobials against tested endodontic pathogens. Basil oil had a bacteriostatic effect on all the organisms (P < 0.05). Mint oil showed bacteriostatic activity on Enterococcus (E.) faecalis and Peptostreptococcus (P > 0.05). Tea extract had a bacteriostatic effect (P > 0.05) against all tested microbes except Actinomyces, Lactobacilli, Staphylococcus (S.) aureus, and Fusobacterium (F.) nucleatum. Lemon grass oil had a bactericidal effect against all the organisms and a bacteriostatic effect against Peptostreptococcus (P > 0.05). It can be concluded that basil oil showed a strong bactericidal effect on the test organisms. The MIC for the organisms ranged from 0.2 to 50 μg/ml.

Determination of Menthol by a Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) Using Gold Nanoparticle Amplification

Menthol is a monocyclic monoterpene with a distinct flavor that is frequently utilized in a variety of food and medicinal items. In this study, a sensitive method based on quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) with gold nanoparticles amplification was developed. A gold chip was initially modified with mono(6-mercapto-6-deoxy)-β-cyclodextrin (SH-β-CD) through Au-S affinity binding. When menthol is absent, the host–guest interaction brings ferrocene (Fc) labeled-ssDNA (Fc-ssDNA) to enter the SH-β-CD cavity. The hybridization between Au nanoparticles functionalized-ssDNA (AuNPs-ssDNA) and Fc-ssDNA produces a significant frequency shift. However, in the presence of menthol, the inclusion competition between Fc and menthol reduces AuNPs-ssDNA modification on the chip surface. In this case, the change of QCM frequency is greatly reduced by menthol. Thus, menthol determination is accomplished by measuring the change in QCM frequency with a linear range from 10−8 M to 10−2 M and a limit of detection of 7.81 nM, which is superior to previously reported results. The method has also been applied in real samples such as mint and essential oil with satisfactory results.

The capacity of Lamiaceae essential oils, extracts and hydrolats against pathogenic biofilms

The study aimed to analyse the potential of Lamiaceae essential oils, extracts, and hydrolats against bacterial biofilms. Bacterial cells Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus were exposed to Thymus vulgaris L. (thyme), Salvia officinalis L. (sage), Mentha × piperita L. (mint) essential oils, extracts, and hydrolats. The result of the minimal inhibitory concentration assessment shows the highest antibacterial potential for essential oils, followed by extracts and hydrolats respectively. The anti-biofouling capacity revealed that thyme essential oil has the highest potential for biofilm prevention for all tested bacteria, reducing up to 91% of biofilm, followed by mint (88%) and sage (87%) essential oil. While the thyme extract (84%), sage extract (83%) and hydrolat (77%) we less effective. The chemical composition of thyme essential oil showed a high percentage of monoterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated monoterpenes, among which p-cymene and thymol were the most predominant. The bacterial cell membrane integrity assessment shows a significant increase in dead cells by increasing the concentration of thyme essential oil. The findings of our research indicate that the choice of herbal preparation significantly affects the active components, thereby influencing both antibacterial and anti-biofouling capabilities. Lamiaceae essential oils show great potential for biofilm management and represent a good candidate for antibacterial application in pharmacy, medicine, and industry.

Drug therapy possibilities for various forms of chronic rhinitis accompanied by dry nose syndrome

Introduction. Dry nose syndrome is a polyetiological condition that is common among patients of all age groups from infancy to profoundly old age. The low effectiveness of treatment is associated with the progression of atrophic mucous membrane degeneration, which also affects the cartilaginous and bony parts of the nasal cavity. Significant impairment of the protective, respiratory and olfactory function leads to decreased quality of life of patients, delayed adaptation, and arrested psychosomatic and physical development of children. Herbal medications refer to the agents that have minimal toxicity and side effects and effectively facilitate the restoration of functional integrity of the mucous membrane.Aim. To discuss the results of studies on the effectiveness of natural medicines in the treatment of patients with dry nose syndrome.Materials and methods. We conducted a literature search and studied publications (articles and relevant abstracts) containing information on various diseases that are accompanied by dry nose syndrome, as well as therapeutic options for this syndrome in Russian and foreign databases. The material was selected according to the following keywords: dry nose syndrome, atrophic rhinitis, mint essential oil, pine essential oil, eucalyptus essential oil. The study was conducted using the search engines Scopus, PubMed, CyberLeninka, Elibrary.ru, Google Scholar.Results and discussion. The study results suggested the potential and benefits of the topical use of a combination medicine containing essential oils of eucalyptus, mint, and pine as a treatment and prophylactic medication in patients with dry nose syndrome.Conclusion. Dyshesol, a herbal medicine that is an oil solution, meets the requirements for complex pathogenetic therapy in patients with dry nose syndrome of various etiologies, and can be recommended as a preventive and therapeutic medication for all age groups, and children from the age of two.

Removal of carbaryl residues from sesame and mint oil using nano-metal organic framework

Essential oils were used as anti inflammation, anti respiratory diseases, and anti infections, however, essential oils suffering from high amount of pesticide residues. This paper is an overview on possible methods used for the removal of pesticide residues from essential oils. Metal organic framework based calcium (Ca-MOFs) was chemically modified to be used directly in adsorption of carbaryl from contaminated oil. The carbaryl removal process from mint oil and sesame oil were investigated in details to reach the optimized conations of removal process. The capacity of equilibrium adsorption for carbaryl compounds from mint oil was 161.37 mg g−1, and the capacity was decreased in the case of sesame oil (121.41 mg g−1). Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied to understand the mechanism of carbaryl adsorption. Langmuir model showed the best fitting isotherm (R2 = 0.999). The mechanism of carbaryl removal from essential oil was depending on pi-pi stacking technique. Finally, the modified Ca-MOFs were best candidate for selective removal of carbaryl from essential oil without loss of oil characteristics as confirmed using GC and FTIR spectroscopy.

Anti-bacterial activity of essential oils against multidrug-resistant foodborne pathogens isolated from raw milk.

The presence of pathogenic bacteria in food is considered as a primary cause of food-borne illness and food quality deterioration worldwide. The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of five essential oils (EOs) against multidrug-resistant foodborne pathogens. In the current study Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Proteus, Pseudomonas, and Klebsiella) and the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus were isolated from raw milk and biochemically characterized. The anti-bacterial effect of different antibiotics and EOs (thyme, oregano, lemongrass, mint, and rosemary) was determined using the standard disc diffusion method. The antibiogram study revealed that Gram-negative bacteria were highly resistant to penicillin while Staphylococcus was resistant to streptomycin, amoxicillin, and lincomycin. Moderate resistance was observed to doxycycline, amikacin, enrofloxacin, kanamycin and cefixime. Isolates were found less resistant to gentamycin, chloramphenicol, and ciprofloxacin. EOs showed a broad range of antimicrobial activity against all bacteria except P. aeruginosa. Of these, thyme was more effective against most of the multi-drug resistant bacterial strains and formed the largest zone of inhibition (26 mm) against Escherichia followed by oregano oil (18 mm) against Staphylococcus (p<0.05). Klebsiella spp and Citrobacter spp showed resistance to mint and lemongrass oil respectively. The EOs such as lemongrass, mint and rosemary were less active against all the bacteria. The findings of the recent study suggest the use of EOs as natural antibacterial agents for food preservation.

Effects of essential oil mixtures on expression of genes involved in lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation in geese (Anser anser).

The use of essential oils has recently increased in the poultry sector. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of essential oil mixture (juniper, mint, oregano and rosemary oil) on fatty acid oxidation and lipogenic gene expression in geese. Research groups were formed as C (control; no additives), EK1 (0.4ml/l essential oil mixture supplemented) and EK2 (0.8ml/l essential oil mixture supplemented). Relative expression levels of genes included in lipogenesis (ACCα, ChREBP, FASN, LXRα and SREBP-1) expression levels of genes included in fatty acid oxidation (ACOX1, CPT1, CPT1A, PPARα and PPARγ) were measured using RT-qPCR. Group EK1 upregulates the mRNA expression levels of genes involved in lipogenesis such as ACCα, ChREBP and SREBP-1, while it downregulates the mRNA expression in levels of all genes involved in fatty acid oxidation. Group EK2 increases the mRNA expression levels of genes involved in lipogenesis such as ACCα, FASN and SREBP-1, while it decreased mRNA expression at the levels of all genes involved in fatty acid oxidation, as in the other group. In the study, adding an essential oil mixture to drinking water is predicted to increase fatty liver because it upregulates genes related to fat synthesis (lipogenesis) and downregulates genes related to fat degradation (fatty acid oxidation).

Ethanopharmacological Activities of Mentha arvensis: An Updated Review

Economical natural menthol is derived from Mentha arvensis Linn (menthol mint) oil. It is an aromatic perennial herb. The leading Mentha producing state in area and production is Uttar Pradesh and India is the leading exporter contributing about 80% of essential oil, menthol crystal and allied products. It is a native herb from the Labiatae family and is most frequently referred to as “pudina”. It has historically been used to treat ischemic heart disease and hypertension. Terpenoids, alcohols and phenolics are just a few of the bioactive substances that have been identified from this plant. These bioactive compounds’ pharmacological activities include antibacterial, neuroprotective, antioxidant, antiulcer, immunomodulatory, antimutagenic, and anti-tumor properties. Studies on Ayurvedic, unani, and other traditional medical systems have also revealed this plant’s pharmacological capabilities. The current article provides a summary of the plant’s general description, phytochemical ingredients, historical context, and pharmacological qualities

AROMATİK BİTKİLƏRDƏN ALINMIŞ EFİR YAĞLARININ AĞ NAFTALAN YAĞI VƏ ALMA TURŞUSU İLƏ KOMPOZİSİYALARININ ANTİMİKROB TƏSİRİNİN TƏDQİQİ

The article presents the results of studying the antimicrobial properties of some essential oils (essential oils of mountain mint, wild mint and Stachys officinalis) in free form, as well as in dilutions with purified resinless white naphthalan oil and their combinations with various substances. As a result of the research, it was found that although the essential oils of mountain mint, wild mint and Stachys officinalis, as well as purified white naftalan oil, individually had a moderate to strong antimicrobial effect, in joint combinations they lost their activity. Adding oil of saturia, limonene, menthol and malic acid to the essential oil of field mint and Stachys officinalis, on the contrary, led to a significant increase in their antimicrobial properties. These compositions have been found to have very strong antibacterial and antifungal properties.

Efficacy of Different Essential Oils Against Nymphal Stage of Aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch) in Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.)

Aims: Study the mortality rate of aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch when treated with different essential oils against the nymphal stage.&#x0D; Study Design: Complete randomized design.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Biswanath College of Agriculture, Biswanath Chariali during 2022-23&#x0D; Methodology: All essential oils were applied at three different concentrations viz., 1%,3% and 5% and recorded the mortality percentage after 4,12, 24, 48 and 72 hours of application.&#x0D; Results: The result showed that neem oil had the best effect on the mortality of nymph (96.67%,100%,100%) in 1,3 and 5 per cent concentration after 72 hours after treatment. The second highest mortality was recorded against nymphs in mint oil (83.33%) followed by clove (80.00%), garlic (76.67%), ginger (73.33%) and eucalyptus (66.67%) oil against nymphs at 72 hours after treatment.&#x0D; Conclusion: In the present study essential oils showed that mortality rate increased with increasing concentration and times.

Bioactivity of essential oils in the control of Sitophilus ssp.

Brazil is the largest rice producer outside of Asia, and the large production of this grain in the Brazilian territory has aspects that affect its productivity. Among all the influencing aspects is the rice weevil, Sitophilus ssp. Considering the needs of the grain industry and the market that seeks products without toxic residues, the work evaluated the bioactivity of the essential oils of laurel (Laurus nobilis), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus citriodora), and mint (Mentha piperita) on the coleopteran Sitophilus ssp. The insects used were obtained from infested silos and kept in a breeding room at a controlled temperature. For testing the bioactivity of essential oils, essential oils were used at concentrations of 1%, 5%, and 10%. The adult insects used were placed on the plates and the count of live individuals (rice weevil) was performed at times of 15 min., 30 min., 60 min., 6h, 12h, and 24h. All tested oils showed efficiency in insect mortality. The chemical characterization of essential oils was performed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, indicating the presence of oxygenated monoterpenes in the three essential oils analyzed.