Leaf Oil Research Articles

Effect of dressing with different antiseptic agents on reproductive parameters in rats undergoing abdominal incision.

Antiseptic agents used in the postoperative period affect the functions of many tissues in the body, including the testicles. In this study, the effect of dressings administered with different antiseptic agents on testicular functions in rats that underwent abdominal incisions was investigated. A total of 48 Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the study. Each of the rats in the study group underwent a 4 cm-long skin and muscle operation. The incision was then stitched immediately. Antiseptics, hemp seed oil, hemp leaf oil, and cannabidiol oil were then administered to the rats for 10 days to provide antisepsis. The rats were sacrificed 24 hours after the last administration, and testicular tissues were removed. Testicular tissues were used for histopathological examination and biochemical analysis, while epididymal tissue was used for sperm analysis. According to the results, the MDA level in the antiseptic-administered group was higher than in the other experimental groups (p<0.05). Levels of SOD, CAT activities, and GSH content were found to be lower in the antiseptic group than in the hemp seed oil, hemp leaf oil, and cannabidiol oil groups (p<0.05). In testicular histology, the SEED group had the highest Johnsen score, and the antiseptic group had the lowest score (p<0.05). While JAK, P-JAK2, STAT3, PSTAT3, and NF-κB were generally higher in the antiseptic group compared to the other groups, they were lower in the SEED group. Additionally, sperm total motility rate and epididymal sperm density were highest in the SEED group (p<0.05). As a result, it was determined that cannabidiol seed oil had a good effect on testicular histology and sperm quality in male rats during the wound healing process.

Growth and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) under varying levels of gypsum and zinc application in Iran

A field study was carried out during spring season of 2021 and 2022 at Astaneh-ye Ashrafiyeh, Guilan, (Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran) northern Iran to study the effect of natural gypsum (NG) and zinc (Zn) foliar application on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) yield and quality. NG was applied at 4 levels [0 (NG0); 10 (NG10); 20 (NG20); and 30 (NG30) g/m2] and Zn nano-chelates were applied at 3 levels [0 (Zn0); 1 (Zn1); and 2 (Zn2) g/L)] as foliar application. The results showed that the interaction of NG × Zn was significant for leaf chlorophyll, kernel and pod number per plant, kernel protein, oil content and and kernel yield during both the years. The interaction of NG × Zn was also significant on the P, S and Fe of kernels. Leaf K and Fe contents were significantly influenced only by NG. The comparison between mean revealed that the highest kernel yield (5839 kg/ha), kernel number (93.5 kernels/plant), pod number (66.3 pods/plant) and kernel S (0.384%) were recorded from the plots applied with NG20 + Zn2. The highest leaf chlorophyll (3.83 mg/kg FW) and oil content (46.09%) were related to the treatment NG20 + Zn1. The plots applied with NG10 + Zn2 exhibited the highest kernel protein (17.92%). Based on the results, it can be stated that the NG and Zn as soil application and foliar spray respectively, improved peanut yield and qualitative traits hence can be recommended for similar climatic conditions.

Chemical Compositions, and Antimicrobial and Mosquito Larvicidal Activities of Essential Oils from Four Syzygium Species Syzygium formosum (Wall.) Masam., S. syzygioides (Miq.) Merr. & L.M. Perry, S. megacarpum (Craib) Rathakr. & N.C. Nair, and S. chantaranothaianum W.K. Soh & J. Parn

ABSTRACT Chemical compositions in the leaf essential oils of four Syzygium species were first identified by the GC-FID/MS analysis. Monoterpene hydrocarbons (39.6-51.1%), and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (27.0-37.8%) were the main chemical classes in S. formosum and S. syzygioides leaf oils, whereas sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (83.0-83.8%) were predominant in S. Megacarpum and S. chantaranothaianum leaf essential oils. Bicyclogermacrene (9.1-37.0%) was the principal compounds in these essential oils. All the tested essential oils with the MIC values of 16-128 µg/mL were comparable to the positive control streptomycin against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus, and Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The leaf essential oils of S. formosum, S. syzygioides, and S. chantaranothaianum with the MIC values of 16-128 µg/mL were comparable to the positive control cycloheximide against the yeast Candida albicans. Four samples also exhibited good larvicidal activity against the mosquito Aedes aegypti with the 24-h and 28-h LC50 values of 25-40 µg/mL

Triacylglycerol stability limits futile cycles and inhibition of carbon capture in oil-accumulating leaves.

Engineering plant vegetative tissue to accumulate triacylglycerols (TAG, e.g., oil) can increase the amount of oil harvested per acre to levels that exceed current oilseed crops. Engineered tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) lines that accumulate 15% to 30% oil of leaf dry weight resulted in starkly different metabolic phenotypes. In-depth analysis of the leaf lipid accumulation and 14CO2 tracking describe metabolic adaptations to the leaf oil engineering. An oil-for-membrane lipid tradeoff in the 15% oil line (referred to as HO) was surprisingly not further exacerbated when lipid production was enhanced to 30% (LEC2 line). The HO line exhibited a futile cycle that limited TAG yield through exchange with starch, altered carbon flux into various metabolite pools and end products, and suggested interference of the glyoxylate cycle with photorespiration that limited CO2 assimilation by 50%. In contrast, inclusion of the LEAFY COTYLEDON 2 (LEC2) transcription factor in tobacco improved TAG stability, alleviated the TAG-to-starch futile cycle, and recovered CO2 assimilation and plant growth comparable to wild type but with much higher lipid levels in leaves. Thus, the unstable production of storage reserves and futile cycling limit vegetative oil engineering approaches. The capacity to overcome futile cycles and maintain enhanced stable TAG levels in LEC2 demonstrated the importance of considering unanticipated metabolic adaptations while engineering vegetative oil crops.

Leaf mineral profiling and its correlation with oil physicochemical traits from four olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars grown in Morocco as affected by olive ripening stages

We investigated genotypic effects on the olive leaves mineral profile and its correlation with soil minerals. Likewise, olive oil extracted from four Mediterranean cultivars (‘Arbequina’, ‘Haouzia’, ‘Menara’, and ‘Picholine Languedoc’) at early and full ripening stages, was studied in terms of basic quality indices, fatty acids, sterols, pigments, and polyphenols. Our outcomes reveal important variations among cultivars and between ripening stages in terms of olive leaf elemental profiling and oil physicochemical traits, while there were no significant (p < 0.05) differences in soil mineral profiling. However, mineral profiling of leaves, basic quality indices, pigments, and polyphenols content of oils showed important inter-cultivar variations. Regarding fatty acid composition, oleic acid (C18:0) was the most abundant. For phytosterols profile, β-sitosterol was found to be the major phytosterol followed by campesterol. Olive oil from fully ripe fruits was marked by reduced chlorophylls (up to − 67.1%), carotenoids (up to − 68.73%) in ‘Menara’ and polyphenols (up to − 45.95%) in ‘Picholine Languedoc’, but an increase of total sterols (up to + 23.5%, ‘Haouzia’). Likewise, saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) tended to decrease (up to − 13.5% and − 6.44%, respectively) found in ‘Menara’. However, ‘Arbequina’ had an inceased SFA (+ 7.35%) and MUFA (+ 8.62%). Polyunsaturated fatty acids tended to increase (up to + 41.98%, ‘Menara’) except for ‘Picholine Languedoc’ (− 7.92%). These outcomes were confirmed by principal component analysis with important positive and negative correlations among minerals and oil physicochemical traits. These results showed that the analyzed components could be considered as specific markers to discriminate the studied cultivars.Graphical abstract

Chemical Composition, Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxicity Activities of Essential Oil of Leaf of Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) R.M. King and H. Rob.

Modern medicine recognizes the therapeutic applications of medicinal plants, which are utilized in indigenous therapies. Ageratina adenophora (Banmara) is an invasive plant growing in tropical and subtropical regions, traditionally used for treating wounds, sleeping disorders, jaundice, ulcers, etc. Using Clevenger apparatus for hydro-distillation, the essential oil was extracted, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to determine its chemical constituents. GC-MS analysis of essential oil showed 14 possible compounds in which α-Muurolol (24.56%) was found to be most abundant. The essential oil exhibited a total phenolic content of 53.42 mg of gallic acid equivalent per gram of dry extract, while the total flavonoid content was determined to be 3.37 mg of quercetin equivalent per gram of dry extract. Essential oil of A. adhenophora showed a high antibacterial action against Staphylococcus aureus of ZOI of 12 mm. The antioxidant assay revealed weak activity of essential oil of IC50 17.21 mg/mL, while the brine shrimp lethality assay revealed its LC50 value to be 64.56 μg/mL.

Utilization of Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan-Bay Leaf Oil (Syzygium Polyanthum W.) as Antibacterial for Streptococcus Mutants

Dental caries is a disease that can damage hard tooth tissue caused by the activity of Streptococcus mutans bacteria. Streptococcus mutans bacteria are the leading cause of dental caries disease. Efforts to prevent dental caries can be made using toothpaste, but toothpaste cannot reach areas that are difficult to reach with a toothbrush. Another method that can be used is mouthwash. This study was developed with the active ingredient compound HAp-chitosan-bay leaf oil in mouthwash to have an antimicrobial effect to prevent dental caries. This study aimed to determine the chemical physics characteristics and antibacterial activity of mouthwash preparations based on hydroxyapatite-chitosan-bay leaf oil. In this study, the active ingredients hydroxyapatite-chitosan-bay leaf oil was used with variations in the concentration of bay leaf oil, namely 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5 %. FT-IR characterization showed the presence of OH, N-H, CH, C=O, C=C, C-O, and PO43- functional groups. The pH test on the mouthwash showed compliance with the quality standard for mouthwash pH, which has a pH range of 5-7. The homogeneity test results in the mouthwash preparation showed no sediment or separation. Antibacterial activity testing showed that the HAp-chitosan-bay leaf oil mouthwash preparation inhibited the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria. The inhibition zone in the strong category with an average of 12.75 mm was shown in the HAp-chitosan-bay leaf oil mouthwash preparation formulation with a concentration of 2.5% bay leaf oil with the addition of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS).

Phytochemical Characterization of Callistemon lanceolatus Leaf Essential Oils and Their Application as Sustainable Stored Grain Protectants against Major Storage Insect Pests

Food storage has been important since the dawn of agriculture and human settlement. Insect pests cause major losses to food grains during storage and production. Essential oils are good alternatives for chemical insecticides for the management of storage pests. Red bottlebrush, Callistemon lanceolatus, is a flowering plant of the Myrtaceae family. This research work aimed to extract the oil from bottlebrush leaves, and chemically characterize and assess their repellent and insecticidal properties against the cowpea seed beetle, Callasobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne (F.) (Coleoptera: Ptinidae), and red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), for the first time. The essential oil yielded by hydro-distillation of bottlebrush leaves was 1.02 ± 0.01%. GC-MS analysis determined the chemical composition of the volatile oil comprised 1,8-cineole (19.17%), α-terpineol (11.51%), α-pinene (10.28%), and α-Phellandrene (9.55%). The C. lanceolatus leaf oil showed potent repellence, contact toxicity, and fumigation toxic effects. In the contact toxicity assay, at 24 h, the LC50 values were 1.35, 0.52, and 0.58 mg/cm2 for the red flour beetle, cigarette beetle, and cowpea seed beetle, respectively. Likewise, in the fumigation assay observed after 24 h, LC50 values of 22.60, 5.48, and 1.43 µL/L air were demonstrated for the red flour beetle, cigarette beetle, and cowpea seed beetle, respectively. Additionally, there was no significance found by a phytotoxicity assay when the paddy seeds were exposed to C. lanceolatus oil. The results show that the volatile oils from red bottlebrush leaves have the potential to be applied as a biopesticide. Therefore, C. lanceolatus leaf oil can be utilized as a bio-insecticide to control stored product insects.

Chemical composition, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of Mentha subtomentella: in sight in vitro and in silico analysis.

Our research focused on assessing essential oils (MSEO) and aqueous extracts (MSAE) derived from M. subtomentella leaves, with a primary focus on evaluating their properties. From 1kg of leaves, we successfully obtained 18mL of essential oil. Upon conducting GC/MS analysis, we identified eleven compounds within the oil, collectively accounting for 100% of the constituents identified. Notably, the predominant compounds in the leaf oil were p-Menth-48) -en-3-one (50.48%), 9-Ethylbicyclo (3.3.1) nonan-9-ol (10.04%) (E)-3,3-Dimethyl-delta-1, alpha-cyclohexaneacetaldehyde (8.53%), and D-Limonene (7.22%). Furthermore, utilizing HPLC/DAD, we explored the phenolic profile of MSAE, extracted through decoction. This analysis revealed the presence of fifty-eight compounds, with five major components collectively constituting 61% of the total compounds identified, rosmarinic acid as the major one. We evaluated the antimicrobial effectiveness of the MSEO against ten different strains, observing its notable efficacy against A. Niger (MIC = 0.09%), P. digitatum (MIC = 0.5%), and G. candidum (MIC = 1%). However, the essential oil demonstrated comparatively lower efficacy against bacteria than fungi. In contrast, the MSAE did not exhibit any antimicrobial activity against the tested strains. Regarding antioxidant activity, the aqueous extract displayed a significantly higher antioxidant capacity than the essential oil, which exhibited relatively lower antioxidant activity. The IC50 values were determined to be 0.04 ± 0.01mg/mL, 0.17 ± 0.01mg/mL, and 13% ± 0.01% (V/V), for ascorbic acid MSAE and MSEO, respectively. We used a computational method called molecular docking to investigate how certain plant compounds affect antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. This involved analyzing the interactions between these compounds and specific protein targets known for their roles in these activities.

Wormwood-infused porous-CaCO3 for synthesizing antibacterial natural rubber latex

Wormwood leaf is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine with a high medicinal value and long application history and its essential oil is a high-purity plant oil extracted from Wormwood leaf. Pharmacological research reveals that Wormwood leaf and Wormwood essential oil are a broad-spectrum antibacterial and antiviral drug, which can inhibit and kill many bacteria and viruses. We loaded wormwood extract on porous calcium carbonate (Porous-CaCO3) and introduced it and Wormwood essential oil into Natural rubber latex (NRL), thus synthesizing NRL composites with excellent vitro and in vivo antibacterial effect, cell compatibility and mechanical properties. This NRL material can delay the light aging and thermal oxidation of some mechanical properties, which provides a broader avenue for its commercialization.

Chemical contents and antibacterial activity of volatile oils from Paederia pilifera

Volatile oils from aerial parts, leaves and flowers of Paederia pilifera were extracted by steam distillation. The volatile constituents and chemical compositions were investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 28, 18 and 26 volatile compounds were identified in the oils obtained from the aerial parts, leaves and flowers, respectively. Interestingly, hexadecanoic acid (25) was the highest component, accounting for 56.78% of the volatile oil derived from the aerial parts and 60.37% from the leaves. The most abundant compounds in the volatile oil from flowers were diisooctyl sebacate (42, 27.03%), followed by bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (37, 9.03%) and docosane (34, 6.82%). The volatile oils of Paederia pilifera were evaluated for antibacterial activity and the bioassay results revealed that the oils displayed antibacterial activity against strains of Bacillus cereus B4ac-DSM4384, Staphylococcus aureus TISTR746 and Escherichia coli JM107 with values of MIC ranging from 0.278 to 35.63 mg/mL. The flower oil was found to be the most active agent against Escherichia coli with MIC value of 0.278 mg/mL. The volatile oil obtained from the aerial parts exhibited antimicrobial activity against all three strains of Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with MIC values of 33.63, 5.11 and 0.531 mg/mL, respectively. The leaf oil possessed antibacterial activity against the strains of Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli with MIC values of 31.64 and 0.494 mg/mL, respectively and a similar pattern was observed in the flower oil with MIC values of 35.63 and 0.278 mg/mL, respectively.

Essential oils of Lauraceae: antimicrobial activity and constituents of essential oil from two Machilus species from Vietnam

The chemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils isolated from the leaves of Machilus cicatricosa S.K. Lee and Machilus bonii Lecomte from Vietnam were studied and reported. The techniques of gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to characterize the chemical constituents of the essential oil while the microdilution assay was used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity. The main constituents of the leaf oil of M. cicatricosa were α-pinene (20.6%), bicyclogermacrene (15.2%), linalool (14.9%), and β-pinene (8.4%). On the other hand (E)-β-ocimene (26.3%), bicyclogermacrene (23.6%) and (E)-nerolidol (9.1%) were the major constituents of M. bonii leaf essential oil. The studied essential oils displayed antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 64.0 μg/mL. In addition, essential oil from the leaf of M. bonii was the most active towards Bacillus cereus ATCC14579 with MIC value of 64.0 μg/mL, while M. cicatricosa showed stronger anti-candidal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 10231 with MIC value of 32.0 μg/mL. This is the first report on the chemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of M. cicatricosa and M. bonii.

The Leaf Oils of Beilschmiedia tonkinensis (Lecomte) Ridl. and Lindera gracilipes H. W. Li: Chemical Composition, Cytotoxicity, Antimicrobial Activity, and Docking Study

Objective The Lauraceae plants comprised high amounts of essential oils, some of which established pharmacological potentials such as anticancer and antimicrobial activities. The Lauraceae essential oils are also used in cuisines and perfumes. The present study provides the chemical analysis of the leaf oils of Beilschmiedia tonkinensis and Lindera gracilipes, collected from Vietnam. Method Chemical components in the obtained oils were identified by the GC-FID/MS. The MTT and broth microdilution assays were used to evaluate cytotoxic and antimicrobial effects, respectively. The protein interactions were viewed by a docking study. Result Beilschmiedia tonkinensis leaf oil was characterized by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (66.0%), in which bicyclogermacrene (23.3%), ( E)-caryophyllene (21.9%), caryophyllene oxide (9.9%), and spathulenol (6.0%) were the main components. The major chemical class in L gracilipes leaf oil was still sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (64.2%) with bicyclogermacrene (32.2%) being the principal component. Both 2 oil samples (IC50 41.2-44.12 µg/mL) were actively cytotoxic against the proliferation of A-549 cancer cells. In particular, B tonkinensis leaf oil strongly controlled Hep-G2 and MCF-7 cancerous cells with the IC50 values of 20.6 and 9.36 µg/mL, respectively. Beilschmiedia tonkinensis leaf oil also strongly inhibited the Gram (–) bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the fungus Aspergillus niger with the MIC values of 16 and 32 µg/mL, respectively. By molecular docking approach, bicyclogermacrene interacted with the p38α MAPK cancer protein (PDB ID: 4FA2) with a potential binding affinity of −8.019 kcal/mol, whereas ( E)-caryophyllene tends to bind 2 bacterial proteins P aeruginosa QS regulator (PDB ID: 6B8A) and glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase (GlmS) (PDB ID: 2VF5) with the better binding affinities of −6.740 and −6.521 kcal/mol, respectively. The most preferable binding mode was due to hydrophobic π-alkyl and alkyl interactions. Conclusion The current result can be seen as a basic foundation in the applications of essential oils of B tonkinensis and L gracilipes for anticancer and antimicrobial treatments. Further phytochemical studies and mechanisms of action are needed.

Antifungal effectiveness of some essential oils and their mixtures against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp cubense that causes fusarium wilt disease of banana plants

Antifungal effectiveness of several essential oil botanical pesticides and their mixtures against the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc) which causes fusarium wilt disease of banana plants in vitro, was conducted from March to July 2023. The aim of the study was to obtain an effective botanical pesticide formulation and the right concentration for controlling the Foc causing Fusarium wilt disease in banana plants. The study was arranged in a completely randomized design in factorials with three replications. The experiment was carried out using two methods: a) Suppressing colony diameter using Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium, b). Suppressing colony biomass using Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) medium. The treatment was the formulation of essential oil (F) botanical pesticides as the first factor; F1 (Cymbopogon flexuosus oils), F2 (C. nardus essential oils), F3 (Eugenia aromatica leaf essential oils), F4 (Cinnamomum burmanii leaf oils), F5 (F1+F2), F6 (F1+F3), F7 (F1+F4) and F8 (F2 +F3), F9 (F2+F4) and F10 (F3+F4) The level of concentration (C) as a second factor C1(1000 ppm) and C2(2000 ppm). The results showed that the F3 (E. aromatica leaf oils) treatment had the best antifungal activity against Foc. At a concentration of 2000 ppm inhibition of the diameter growth and colony biomass reached 100%, followed by the F1 treatment (C. flexuosus oils) up to 89.73% and 95.75%, the F2 treatment (C. nardus oils) reach 84.58% and 89.67% and the lowest antifungal activity is F4 (C. burmanii leaf oils) which only 77.08% and 84.50%. The best mixed formulations were F5(F1+ F3) and F8(F2 + F3), at the same concentration suppression of colony growth reaching 100%. In general, mixed essential oils formulation have shown to increase the effectiveness of the antifungal activities.

Volatile chemical profiling and distinction of Citrus essential oils by GC analyses with correlation matrix; evaluation of its in vitro radical scavenging and microbicidal efficacy

Leaf volatile oil compositions of five Citrus species viz., Citrus aurantifolia, Citrus limon, Citrus maxima, Citrus medica and Citrus medica * Citrus limon were examined in this study by Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionisation Detector (GC-FID) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis and percentage volatile compositions were compared. Thirty-eight compounds were identified that account for 90 to 99 % of essential oil composition from Citrus species, respectively. GC–MS profiling of essential oils revealed that Citrus leaf oils were predominantly characterized by limonene (15.76±0.01% to 29.36±0.46%) as one of the major constituents. Monoterpenoids (77.38±0.19% to 98.05±0.05%) are the prominent class of constituents present in the volatile oils of four Citrus plants under study whereas in one species (C. maxima), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (38.97±0.21%) were the dominant category. The data from GC analyses were subjected to correlation study to analyse the correlation between the volatile constituents among the selected Citrus species. These essential oils were initially evaluated for their antioxidant capacity and the leaf oils exhibited promising radical scavenging property with an average IC50 value of 29.15±0.01 μg/mL. This study was further designed to evaluate antimicrobial efficacy of five Citrus leaf essential oils against various pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains. Four examined essential oils gave a comparative antibacterial activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value against tested bacterial strains ranging from 3.62±0.02mg/mLto60.0±0.32mg/mL.Citrus leaf oils were found to be more sensitive to Escherichia coli with MIC values ranged between 3.62±0.03 to 10.15±0.02 mg/mL. These essential oils also exhibited strong inhibitory potential against tested fungal strains, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans, with MIC ranging from 3.22±0.02 to 28.17±0.04 mg/mL. Out of the five essential oils screened in this study, four of them have shown significant antimicrobial and antioxidant activities which can be attributed to synergistic potential of major monoterpenoid constituents present in these oils viz., geranial, neral, citronellal, nerol, geraniol, geranyl formate rather than the sesquiterpene dominated essential oil. Based on the findings obtained and conclusions derived, it is evident that the selected Citrus leaf essential oils are promising natural agents to fight free radical damage and antibiotic-resistant microbes.

Effectiveness of Phlai Mixed Cannabis Leaf Oil for The Treatment of Chronic Pain in Elderly Patients: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

Effectiveness of Phlai Mixed Cannabis Leaf Oil for The Treatment of Chronic Pain in Elderly Patients: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

Analysis of Clove Leaf Oil Distillation Business Income (Cloves Leaf Oil) In Matuo Sub-Village, Lelean Nono Village, Baolan District, Tolitoli Regency (Case Study of Tiga Jaya Essential Oil Refinery)

Analysis of Clove Leaf Oil Distillation Business Income (Clove Leaf Oil) in Matuo Sub-Village, Lelean Nono Village, Baolan District, Tolitoli Regency (Case Study of Tiga Jaya Essential Oil Distillation), This study aims to determine how much Clove Leaf Oil Distillation Business Income (Clove Leaf Oil) in Matuo Sub-Village, Lelean Nono Village, Baolan District, Tolitoli Regency (Case Study of Tiga Jaya Essential Oil Distillation). This research uses a qualitative research design. The data source is primary data, namely data obtained through interviews and documentation related to this research. The data analysis method used is descriptive qualitative and quantitative, namely production cost analysis, business revenue analysis, income analysis, and R / C Ratio efficiency level analysis.&#x0D; After conducting research and discussions, it has been revealed that the Cloves Leaf Oil Distillation Business (Tiga Jaya Essential Oil Distillation) operating in Matuo Hamlet, Lelean Nono Village, Baolan District, Tolitoli Regency, During the 2022 period, a cloves leaf oil distillation business incurred a total cost of Rp. 993,196,500. The total revenue generated was Rp. 1,234,464,000. This indicates that the business earned a total income of Rp. 241,267,500 in one year. After conducting a case study of Tiga Jaya Essential Oil Distillation in Matuo Hamlet, Lelean Nono Village, Baolan District, Tolitoli Regency, the feasibility of Clove Leaf Oil Distillation Business for 2022 was found to have an R/C ratio of 1.24. The R/C Ratio of more than one indicates that the Cloves Leaf Oil Distillation Business located in Matuo Hamlet, Lelean Nono Village, Baolan District, Tolitoli Regency (as examined in the case study of Tiga Jaya Essential Oil Distillation) is viable and feasible

Chemical constituents of some essential oils bearing plants growing wild in Vietnam

The essential oils of three plants were isolated by hydrodistillation and their constituents were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/flame ionization detection (GC/MS-FID) method. 29 compounds representing 99.00% of the total oil of inflorescences of Zingiber pellitum were identified, consisting mainly of α-pinene (5.34%), β-caryophyllene (39.13%) and α-humulene (36.69%). For Basilicum polystachyon, 41 and 37 components were identified in the leaf and flower oils, accounting for 91.32% and 92.44% of the total oils, respectively. Germacrene D (16.33% and 16.32%), germacrene B (14.95% and 16.23%), α-cubebene (13.38% and 19,04%), α-copaene (5.81% and 5.77%), δ-cadinene (4.78% and 4.18%), β-cis-elemene (4.34% and 4.66%), and γ-elemene (4.31% and 4.72%) were the major constituents in both oils. For the leaves of Litsea bavienes, 40 components were identified, representing 91.73% of the total oil contents, in which hepten-3-one (70.46%) was the most abundant compound in this oil. The chemical constituents of essential oils from Z. pellitum (inflorescences), B. polystachyon (leaves and flowers) and L. baviensis (leaves) were being reported for the first time.

Targeting cardiovascular risk factors with eugenol: an anti-inflammatory perspective.

Inflammation is a multifaceted biological reaction to a wide range of stimuli, and it has been linked to the onset and progression of chronic diseases such as heart disease, cancer, and diabetes. Inflammatory markers found in the blood, including C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, fibrinogen, plasma viscosity, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, interleukin-6, and soluble adhesion molecules (like intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1), are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease, stroke, and peripheral arterial disease. These markers play a crucial role in understanding and assessing cardiovascular health. Due to this complicated relationship between inflammation and cardiovascular disease, anti-inflammatory agents of natural origin have been the subject of many preclinical and clinical studies in recent years. Eugenol is a natural phenolic compound found in clove oil, nutmeg oil, cinnamon oil, and bay leaf oil, as well as other essential oils. Eugenol has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties in many forms of experimental inflammation. It may scavenge free radicals, which contribute to inflammation and tissue damage. Various studies also suggest that eugenol can limit the production of inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins, cytokines, and chemokines. Animal models of arthritis, colitis, and lung damage, as well as human clinical studies, have shown that eugenol has phenomenal anti-inflammatory properties. These properties suggest that eugenol may be able to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

THE POTENTIAL OF CARDAMOM LEAF IN THE AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM: ESSENTIAL OIL YIELD AND 1.8-CINEOL CONTENT

Cardamom (Amomum cardamomum), the ‘Queen of spices’, is a native Indonesian spice, a type of potential biopharmaceutical currently prospective because of its high selling value, especially for its fruit, with various benefits and its wide use. So far, cardamom essential oil comes from the utilization of its fruit, but the production is more limited, unlike the sustainably produced leaves, therefore, its leaves have the potential to be developed. This study aims to analyze the essential oil yield and 1.8-cineol content of cardamom leaves essential oil (CLEO) grown in agroforestry systems. The CLEO was obtained by steam-water distillation, while the 1.8-cineol content was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The experimental design employed was a Randomized Complete Block Design with three cropping patterns as a treatment and three doses of bokashi fertilizer as blocks. The results showed that the highest yield of CLEO was generated in the sengon + cardamom agroforestry pattern of 3.16%, and the highest content of 1,8-cineol in CLEO was generated in the sengon + cardamom + arrowroot agroforestry pattern of 47.23%, while the lowest yield of CLEO and the 1,8-cineol content were found in the monoculture pattern of 2,02% and 43.16% respectively. Agroforestry practices have the potential to increase 1,8-cineol content and the yield of essential oil in cardamom leaf, which will be prospective in forest management to support forestry multi-business and social forestry programs.