Azadirachta Indica Oil Research Articles

Combustion and emission performance analyzes on the blend of waste cooking oil / Azadirachta indica oil biodiesel / carbon nano tubes in diesel engines

Combustion and emission performance analyzes on the blend of waste cooking oil / Azadirachta indica oil biodiesel / carbon nano tubes in diesel engines

Antibacterial Power of Lemon Essential Oil, Ginger And Their Synergy With Neem Vegetable Oil On Mastitis Pathogenic Germs Dairy Cows From The Poro Region In Ivory Coast

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of essential oils of (Citrus limon, Zingiber officinalis and Azadirachta indica vegetable oil), purchased, identified 32.80%, 42.40% and 47.10% of its constituents. This study consisted of evaluating the antimicrobial performance of some EOs obtained from three medicinal plants, considered to have a great bacterial effect. This is in order to standardize their use to apply them as an alternative remedy to antibiotics in the face of the advance of resistant bacteria and the failure of antibiotic therapy. The essential oils of these plants were tested alone or in combination on nine pathogenic microbial strains from cows suffering from mastitis and resistant to certain antibiotics, namely: four Gram (-) bacterial strains (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli ATCC25922, E. coli, Klebsiella spp) ; five Gram (+) bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus spp, S. aureus ATCC19213, SCN (S. lentus and S. xylosus)); and E. coli ATCC25922, S. aureus ATCC19213 as reference strains. Reasonable antimicrobial activities of the studied EOs were observed on some of the germs tested. All the strains tested are sensitive to concentrations less than or equal to 100μg.ml -1 of essential oil. Enterobacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp) are resistant to standard antibiotics with the exception of Colistin, which have been shown to be sensitive to all essential oils studied. This observation applies to Gram-positive cocci (Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus spp, Staphylococcus lentus and Staphylococcus sylosus) which are very sensitive to the oils studied but resistant to three types of standard antibiotics (Ampicillin, Colistin and Penicillin). The CMB/MIC ratios of Zingiber officinalis and Citrus limon oils have a bacteriostatic action while that of the combination of EO (Zingiber officinalis, Citrus limon and Azadirachta indica oil ) are bactericidal on all bacterial strains tested. There was no significant difference between the MIC and MBC values of the essential oil resistant strains. As a result of the study, an idea could be proposed for the development and upgrading of a new generation of combination of natural antimicrobial agents that can be used in humans and animals against infections with commonly used antibiotics.

Toxicity of botanical insecticides on the stingless bee Tetragonisca angustula

This study aimed to investigate the toxicity of botanical insecticides on the stingless bee Tetragonisca angustula (Apidae: Meliponini). Bioassays evaluated the effects of essential oils (EO) of Allium sativum (Amaryllidaceae), Eucalyptus citriodora (Myrtaceae), and commercial oil (CO) of Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae), in addition to ethanolic extracts (EE) of Piper nigrum (Piperaceae), and Eugenia caryophyllata (Myrtaceae). It was also assessed the effect of Surfactant addition to essential oils. The probit analysis was used to determine LC50 and LC90. Results showed essential oil of E. citriodora at 1% v/v was toxic to T. angustula, with mean mortalities of 42.00 and 46.00% at 96 hours and survival times of 107.52 and 105.60 hours for contact and ingestion, respectively. Ethanolic extracts of P. nigrum and E. caryophyllata caused 100% mortality within 24 hours through ingestion but were less toxic through contact. Surfactants increased mortality caused by the essential oil of E. citriodora from 47.67 to 93.33% and the commercial oil of A. indica from 38.00 to 100%. Essential oil of E. citriodora had the lowest LC50 and LC90 (0.075 and 1.45% v/v), indicating high toxicity to T. angustula. Ethanolic extracts of P. nigrum and E. caryophyllata had higher LC50 and LC90 values, showing lower toxicity. In conclusion, the oils of A. indica and E. citriodora and ethanolic extracts of P. nigrum and E. caryophyllata are toxic to stingless bee T. angustula.

Fabrication and Characterization of Azadirachta indica oil Induced Nanoemulgel Using 33 Central Composite Design (CCD): Assessment of Antibacterial Activity

Fabrication and Characterization of Azadirachta indica oil Induced Nanoemulgel Using 33 Central Composite Design (CCD): Assessment of Antibacterial Activity

Assessment of Antitick and Repellent Activity of Azadirachta indica Oil against Adults and Larvae Stages of Rhipicephalus microplus

Ticks are blood-sucking parasites and occur all over the world, especially in humid and subhumid nations such as India. They are very important vectors of many economically important livestock diseases, such as Anaplasma spp., Babesia spp., and Theileria spp. Ticks were collected from organized and unorganized cattle farms situated in and around Mhow. The initially collected samples of ticks (≤200) were washed in tap water and identified as Rhipicephalus microplus. The study was carried out from June 2021 to May 2022. Ticks were treated with 0.625, 1.25, 2.50, 5, and 10% oil of Azadirachta indica in both the adult immersion test and larval immersion test. All the concentrations were prepared with absolute ethanol. In the present study, fipronil was used as a positive control using various concentrations (x/8, x/4, x/2, x, and 2x) and was prepared in distilled water. The LC50 values against fipronil were observed as 1.03 and 1.12 ppm for adults and larvae, respectively. Results of the study showed that the oil of Azadirachta indica was responsible for the mortality of adults (LC50 = 2.70%) and larval stages (LC50 = 1.27%) at all the concentrations used. Furthermore, it was observed that this oil was also responsible for the inhibition of oviposition and had excellent repellent activity at 10% concentration. Based on the study, we can conclude that the oil of A. indica can be used in an integrated tick management system to reduce the tick burden on animals.

Evaluation and Antimicrobial Activity of Herbal Nanoemulgel Combination of NButanol Extracts of Centella asiatica and Sapindus rarak and Seed Oil of Azadirachta indica

Evaluation and Antimicrobial Activity of Herbal Nanoemulgel Combination of NButanol Extracts of Centella asiatica and Sapindus rarak and Seed Oil of Azadirachta indica

Phytochemical screening, evaluation of anti-salmonella activity and acute toxicity of Azadirachta indica (A. Juss) oil seeds

Phytochemical screening, evaluation of anti-salmonella activity and acute toxicity of Azadirachta indica (A. Juss) oil seeds

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF COPPER OXIDE NANOPARTICLES DISPERSED IN AN AZADIRACHTA INDICA OIL-BIODIESEL BLEND: STABILITY AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES APPROACH

In this investigation, we assessed the stability and physicochemical properties of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles dispersed in an Azadirachta indica oil-biodiesel blend (B20). CuO nanopartides were prepared at 75 ppm and the dispersants were added at the same ratio as the CuO nanoparticles. TRITON X, QPAN 80, and TWEEN 80 were used as dispersants. An ultrasonic bath sonicator was used to sonicate the nanoparticles and prepare the nanofuel. In addition, an ultraviolet photospectrometer was used in the stability analysis of the absorption and transmission. The stability analysis was carried out for a period of three weeks. The stability of the CuO nanoparticles increased in B20 when the dispersants were added compared to the base nanoparticles. However, higher absorption and lower permeability were observed in the QPAN-added nanofuels compared to the other samples. In addition, the stability of all of the nanofuel samples slightly decreased at the end of Week 3. For the B20 + CuO75 + Tw75 nanofuel, higher absorbance and lower transmittance values were obtained: 4.08 and 86.09% (Week 1), 4.06 and 88.03% (Week 2), and 4.04 and 92.03% (Week 3), respectively. Moreover, the physicochemical properties, such as the cetane number and heating value of the nanoparticle-added B20, were improved.

Anticandidal activity of some plant extracts

Candidiasis, especially by Candida albicans is the most prevalent disease over the years. To control the infection, several synthetic drugs and their formulations have been applied. Although antifungals are quite effective in treating candidiasis, long term use has been reported to have side effects. Nevertheless, it has other drawbacks such as efficiency as well as cost, recurrence of the infection, emergences of resistant strains etc. Thus, plant based natural compounds are being investigated for their antifungal activity. In the present study, five different plant extracts assessed exhibited retardation of growth and protease production (molar concentration) in C. albicans. The mycelia form of the organism showed growth resistance to tested plant extracts than the yeast extract form which conferred the higher pathogenicity of the mycelia form. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each plant extract was experimentally evidenced with the oil obtained from the seeds of Pongamia glabrata showed the MIC values at the lowest concentration (20-30 μL/mL), followed by seed oil of Azadirachta indica and Ricinus communis. The order of candidostatic efficacy of the various oils was observed to be: Pongamia > Azadirachta > Ricinus > Eucalyptus > Curcuma. These findings have paved the way for further investigation of plant based antifungal agents and their clinical appropriateness for the treatment of Candidiasis.

Fabrication and characterization of Kappaphycus alvarezii biomass based thin-film and its applications

The present investigation is aimed at developing films using biomass of seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii blended with natural additives both without glycerol (K) and with glycerol (KG) and to use the same in enhancement of shelf life of tomatoes. The natural additives used were Azadirachta indica oil (K1), A. indica leaves extract (K2), Citrus limon leaves extract (K3), A. indica gum (K4), Prunus amygdalus gum (K5), Moringa indica gum (K6) and the extract and oil of A. indica leaves (K7). The result showed that the moisture content ranged from 10.3 ± 1.2–19.9 ± 0.4%, thickness 0.01–0.10 mm, and swelling index above 45% in all the prepared films. The tensile strength and transparency were higher for K6, KG6, K and KG respectively. KG6 and K3 films showed maximum phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. The promising results of current investigation proved the suitability of the film in enhancing the shelf life of tomatoes to 14 days at room temperature.

Eco-Friendly Management of Potato Tuber Moth (Phthorima operculella Zeller) Under Storage and Field Condition in Dailekh, Nepal

Potato tuber moth, (Phthorima operculella Zeller) is one of the most destructive pests of potato damaging the potato tuber in the field and storage conditions leading to a huge loss of potato tubers. An experiment was conducted to access the effect of different treatments for eco-friendly management of potato tuber moth in field and storage conditions in Dailekh, Nepal. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and Completely Randomized Design (CRD) in field and storage condition respectively with 10 different treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were T1(Control), T2(Bacillus thuringiensis), T3(Artemisia vulgaris), T4(Malathion) as check, T5(Lantana camara), T6(Coriandrum sativum), T7(Curcuma longa), T8(Azadirachta indica oil 5%EC), T9(Justicia adhatoda) and T10(Yucca sp.). Among the different treatments, Azadirachta indica oil 5%EC showed the least foliage damage and severity which was statistically at par with Malathion and Curcuma longa. Similarly, the Pre-sowing treatment of tuber with Malathion had the least infection caused by PTM at tuber harvest which was at par with pre-sowing treatment with Curcuma longa, Yucca sp. and Bacillus thuringiensis. Tubers treated with Malathion before storage showed the least infection percentage and severity caused by PTM followed by Coriandrum sativum, Curcuma longa, and Lantana camara. Tuber rot caused by PTM in the storage condition was found least in the tuber treated with Malathion, Coriandrum sativum, Curcuma longa, and Yucca sp. Analyzing all the parameters, eco-friendly management of PTM can be done by a successive spray of Azadirachta indica oil 5%EC and Curcuma longa. Likewise, pre-sowing treatment with Curcuma longa, Yucca sp., and Bacillus thuringiensis reduces the tuber infection at tuber harvest. Seed tuber when treated with different botanicals could protect tuber from PTM infestation during storage. The most potent powders were Lantana camera, Coriandrum sativum, and Curcuma longa.

Distribuição espacial e temporal e controle com bioinseticidas da lagarta-da-oliveira em um pomar da região Sudoeste do Paraná, Brasil

ABSTRACT: We verified the spatial and temporal distribution of the olive leaf moth (Palpita forficifera Munroe, 1959) in a new potential region for olive cultivation and evaluated the bioinsecticides effectiveness to control this pest. The experimental orchard composed by Koroneiki and Arbequina cultivars was planted in Pato Branco, Southwest region of Paraná, Brazil. In the field, larvae counts were performed weekly on 25 plants of each cultivar, for 12 months, to verify the spatial and temporal distribution. Furthermore, in laboratory conditions, second instar larvae of P. forficifera were fed with olive leaves treated with Azadirachta indica oil, Bacillus thuringiensis, Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana, and the effectiveness in the larvae mortality was used to compare four bioinsecticides and control. The P. forficifera larvae occurred mainly during the three summer months, had a host preference for the ‘Arbequina’ (68.9% of total larvae) and occurred at random distribution patterns throughout the orchard. The A. indica oil and B. thuringiensis both caused almost 100% larvae mortality under laboratory conditions.

Application of Biodiesel in Fogging System with Azadirachta Indica Oil as Insecticide towards Mosquito and Larvae

The study highlighted the application of biodiesel as a carrier fuel with azadirachta indica oil as insecticide in thermal fogging system towards adult mosquitoes and mosquito larvae. The open fogging test is conducted indoor inside a visible container (dimension: 50 cm x 50 cm x 50 cm) with different dilution ratio of azadirachta indica oil and biodiesel to determine the ideal ratio for the formulation to give effects towards mosquitoes and mosquito larvae effectively. Spread-ability test is also conducted to examine the effectiveness of the insecticide-carrier solution in a real-life simulation. The biodiesel used was produced through the hydrotalcite catalyzed transesterification derived from palm oil. The adulticidal and larvicidal activity of biodiesel and azadirachta indica oil as fuel-insecticide is evaluated through dilution ratio of 9:1, 1:1 and 3:7. The fuel-insecticide solution is dispersed in the visible tank by heating it to produce fog. From the tests conducted, the most ideal dilution ratio effect is 1:1 towards both adult mosquito and mosquito larvae. The ratio indicated the shortest time to achieve 100% mortality rate in adult mosquitoes (20 minutes). While in spread-ability test, 55 minutes was taken to achieve total mortality. In larvicidal potential, the ratio of 1:1 showed the highest larvae deceased which is 2 out of 3 larvae for both open and spread-ability test.

Sustainable biodiesel production from Ceiba penandra, Mahua longifolia, and Azadirachta indica using CaO-TiO2 nano catalyst

Rapid industrialization and population expansion increased the demand for petroleum-based fuels, resulting in price hike and creates serious environmental issues. Biodiesel, a clean, renewable and long-lasting alternative and for large scale production needs readily available and sustainable feedstocks. Edible and non-edible plants are abundant in Southern India, particularly Ceiba penandra (CP), Mahua longifolia (ML), and Azadirachta indica (AI), which were employed in this study in combination. An efficient heterogeneous nano-catalyst CaO-TiO2 was synthesized and employed in the transesterification process due to its recoverability and insensitivity to FFA. The catalyst was subjected to characterize by FTIR, XRD and SEM with EDX mapping. Response surface approach is engaged in this study for cost-effective production. More than 95% biodiesel yield was achieved for Ceiba penandra oil (CPO), Mahua longifolia oil (MLO), Azadirachta indica oil (AIO) and their mixture (MIO) by optimization of significant reaction parameters and the best combination was obtained as methanol oil ratio (0.32, 0.46, 0.34 and 0.42 v/v), catalyst usage (5, 6.5, 6 and 4 wt.%), mixing intensity (750, 840, 700 and 540 rpm) and duration (80, 105, 85 and 85 min) respectively with constant temperature of 70°C. Fatty acid profile was characterized by chromatograph also established the properties by ASTM and EN guidelines to confirm its compatibility in the IC engine.

Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Low-Energy Assisted Nanohydrogel of Azadirachta indica Oil.

Plant-based bioactive compounds have been utilized to cure diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms and as a substitute to reduce the side effects of chemically synthesized drugs. Therefore, in the present study, Azadirachta indica oil nanohydrogel was prepared to be utilized as an alternate source of the antimicrobial compound. The total phenolic compound in Azadirachta indica oil was quantified by chromatography analysis and revealed gallic acid (0.0076 ppm), caffeic acid (0.077 ppm), and syringic acid (0.0129 ppm). Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of Azadirachta indica oil revealed the presence of bioactive components, namely hexadecenoic acid, heptadecanoic acid, ç-linolenic acid, 9-octadecanoic acid (Z)-methyl ester, methyl-8-methyl-nonanoate, eicosanoic acid, methyl ester, and 8-octadecane3-ethyl-5-(2 ethylbutyl). The nanohydrogel showed droplet size of 104.1 nm and −19.3 mV zeta potential. The nanohydrogel showed potential antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans with minimum inhibitory, bactericidal, and fungicidal concentrations ranging from 6.25 to 3.125 (µg/mL). The nanohydrogel showed a significantly (p < 0.05) higher (8.40 log CFU/mL) value for Gram-negative bacteria E. coli compared to Gram-positive S. aureus (8.34 log CFU/mL), and in the case of pathogenic fungal strain C. albicans, there was a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in log CFU/mL value (7.79–6.94). The nanohydrogel showed 50.23–82.57% inhibition in comparison to standard diclofenac sodium (59.47–92.32%). In conclusion, Azadirachta indica oil nanohydrogel possesses great potential for antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities and therefore can be used as an effective agent.

Novel Formulation of Herbal Pesticide for Rice Cultivation

The irrational use of chemical pesticides has caused serious health hazards and environmental problems in developing countries including India. Hence, the Present investigation was carried out to formulate an effective Herbal pesticide against three major pests of rice like stem borers, leafhoppers and plant hoppers and to find solution for control of pest population by traditional agricultural practices. Oil of Azadirachta indica, Vitex nigundo, Ipomoea carnea, Adhatoda zeylanica and natural surfactant are the main constituents used in the formulations. Larvae of stem borers in the infected stem and hopper damaged part of the plant were selected for the study. A total of six herbal formulations at four different concentrations were sprayed on larvae of stem borers and hopper damaged parts of plants. The developed herbal pesticides have been validated in the field as well as in lab conditions and larval mortality rates were observed. After treatment, the population of pests decreased gradually and the mortality rate of larvae increased. Herbal pesticides focus on providing solutions and relief from various types of insects that cause massive damages to the plants being grown on a farm. These products were made of natural materials that have properties of killing or keeping out pests within the range of the field. The results showed that the extent of growth of these pests was less when compared to control and minimum occurrence of pest attack and Percent Dead Heart (DH) was confirmed in response to herbal formulations. The foremost benefit of this herbal pesticide is managing the Yellow Stem Borer (YSB) pest population and providing healthier cropping systems. Hence it is recommended to use this herbal pesticide for disease free sustainable cultivation of organic rice.

Novel Formulation of Herbal Pesticide for Rice Cultivation

The irrational use of chemical pesticides has caused serious health hazards and environmental problems in developing countries including India. Hence, the Present investigation was carried out to formulate an effective Herbal pesticide against three major pests of rice like stem borers, leafhoppers and plant hoppers and to find solution for control of pest population by traditional agricultural practices. Oil of Azadirachta indica, Vitex nigundo, Ipomoea carnea, Adhatoda zeylanica and natural surfactant are the main constituents used in the formulations. Larvae of stem borers in the infected stem and hopper damaged part of the plant were selected for the study. A total of six herbal formulations at four different concentrations were sprayed on larvae of stem borers and hopper damaged parts of plants. The developed herbal pesticides have been validated in the field as well as in lab conditions and larval mortality rates were observed. After treatment, the population of pests decreased gradually and the mortality rate of larvae increased. Herbal pesticides focus on providing solutions and relief from various types of insects that cause massive damages to the plants being grown on a farm. These products were made of natural materials that have properties of killing or keeping out pests within the range of the field. The results showed that the extent of growth of these pests was less when compared to control and minimum occurrence of pest attack and Percent Dead Heart (DH) was confirmed in response to herbal formulations. The foremost benefit of this herbal pesticide is managing the Yellow Stem Borer (YSB) pest population and providing healthier cropping systems. Hence it is recommended to use this herbal pesticide for disease free sustainable cultivation of organic rice.

Efficacy of Bio-rational insecticides against Perilla leaf moth on sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum)

The present study was carried out during kharif 2016–18 at Agronomy Farm, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT, Udaipur. The Perilla leaf moth, Pyrausta panopealis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is an important and major insect pest of sweet basil, therefore, ecofriendly bio-rational insecticides were evaluated against perilla leaf moth in the present experiment. The experiment was laid out in uniformly sized plots measuring 12 m2 (4 m × 3 m) in Randomized Block Design containing six treatments and four replications. The treatment schedule comprised two sprayings, the first 15 days after transplanting and the second 45 days after transplanting. The different treatments, viz. Azadirachta indica oil (3%) followed by Bacillus thuringiensis (1.5 kg/ha); NSKE (5%) followed by Spinosad 45SC (150 ml/ha); Azadirachtin 1500 ppm (1%) followed by Lambda Cyhalothrin 4.9 CS (1 L/ha); Pongamia pinnata oil (3%) followed by Cypermethrin 10 EC (0.005%); Nicotine Sulfate 40 S (0.02%) followed by Deltamethrin 2.8 EC (0.015%) and Untreated control. Among the treatments, the Azadirachtin 1500 ppm (1%) was most effective against perilla leaf moth at 3, 5 and 7 days after first spray. After second spray the Spinosad 45 SC (150 ml/ha) was superior treatment against perilla leaf moth at 3, 5 and 7 days; whereas, the Azadirachta indica oil (3%) followed by Bacillus thuringiensis (1.5 kg/ha) was least effective against perilla leaf moth at 3, 5 and 7 days after second spray during both the subsequent years.

The Effectiveness of Carapa guianensis and Azadirachta indica extract against Alternaria solani in Solanum lycopersicum (Tomato Plants)

The antifungal effects of Carapa guianensis (Crabwood) and Azadirachta indica (Neem) oils at specific concentrations of 0.25%, 0.5%, 1.0% v/v and chemical fungicide COBACK at the manufacturer’s recommended dose for the treatment of Early blight, on the mycelial growth of Alternaria solani from Solanum lycopersicum (tomato plants) under in vitro conditions were assessed using the randomised experimental design, employing the poisoned plate method.

Utilization of Azadirachta indica biodiesel, ethanol and diesel blends for diesel engine applications with engine emission profile

Plant-based oils have the most important role in the biodiesel research in engines used for different applications like automobiles, marines, fishing boats, power generators and others. Thisstudy deals with the non-edible plant-based oil of Azadirachta indica, (locally knows as neem), ethanol and diesel fuels for the IC engine. There are three blending D80B20 (80% of diesel and 20% of bio-fuel of Azadirachta indica oil), B80E20 (80% of diesel and 20% of ethanol) and D60B20E20 (60% of diesel, 20% of bio-fuel of Azadirachta indica oil & 20% ethanol) were created for the comparison with 100 % of diesel and 100% of Bio-fuel of Azadirachta indica oil. The brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and emissions such as smoke, carbon-monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) of exhaust also examined for the comparison. All the values gained by the experiments were clearly compared and the corresponding variations in percentage with diesel fuel are spotlighted. The proposed fuels D80B20, D60B20E20, and B80E20 exhibits 8.49%, 4.25% and 3.02% higher BTE than pure diesel. B80E20 have the very less CO and smoke index, D80B20 yielded much higher BTE and the low HC when compared with other individual and blend fuels for this investigation. Bio-fuel of Azadirachta indica oil and ethanol combination also exhibited appreciable performance not only in BTE but also in reduction of exhaust emissions Like HC, CO and Smoke intensity than conventional diesel fuel. Hence these blends of biodiesel are recommended using as alternate fuel in IC engine for the engine.