Oil Meal Research Articles

Simultaneous Mass Spectrometric Detection of Proteins of Ten Oilseed Species in Meat Products.

Food fraud is a common issue in the modern food industry. The undeclared use of foreign proteins in meat products is a major concern in this context. Oilseeds are ideal for this purpose due to their high protein content and since huge amounts of oil meal are obtained as a by-product of oil production. Therefore, a UHPLC-MS/MS method was developed for the simultaneous detection of chia, coconut, flaxseed, hemp, peanut, pumpkin, rapeseed, sesame, soy, and sunflower proteins in meat products. Potential tryptic peptide markers were identified by high-resolution mass spectrometry. The final twenty peptide markers selected, which are specific for one of the ten species targeted, were each measured by multiple reaction monitoring. To the best of our knowledge, twelve new heat-stable marker peptides for chia, coconut, flaxseed, pumpkin, rapeseed, sesame and sunflower have not been reported previously. Emulsion-type sausages with 0.01, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00% protein addition by each oilseed species were produced for matrix calibration. No false-positive results were recorded. In the quantification of the ten oilseed species, 466 of 480 measuring data points of the recovery rate in unknown sausages (0.15 and 0.85% protein addition by each oilseed species) were in the accepted range of 80–120%.

Analysis of Muscle Lipidome in Juvenile Rainbow Trout Fed Rapeseed Oil and Cochayuyo Meal.

This study aimed to analyze the effects on the lipidome of juvenile Oncorhynchus mykiss muscle fed 90% Brassica napus “rapeseed” oil and different amounts of Durvillaea antarctica “Cochayuyo” meal (1.5, 3 and 6%) as a replacement for cellulose. The analysis allowed for the identification of 329 lipids, mainly represented by phospholipids and fatty esters. The inclusion of Brassica napus oil significantly increased the levels of C18:2 species and fatty esters of hydroxylated fatty acids, which could play a bioactive role in human health. One of the most abundant lipids in all fillets was Phosphatidylcholine 33:6, which, according to the literature, could be considered a biomarker for the identification of Oncorhynchus mykiss. In all experimental diets, the species Phosphatidylethanolamine 15:1-18:24 showed four-fold higher levels than the control; increments of n-3- and n-6-rich phospholipids were also observed. Diets containing Durvillaea antarctica meal did not generate more significant variation in fish muscle phospholipids relative to the muscle of the rapeseed-oil-only group. These lipid species consist of medium- and long-chain fatty acids with different degrees of unsaturation. Still, it appears that the rapeseed oil masks the lipid contribution of the meal, possibly due to the low levels of total lipids in the macroalgae.

Green Pea Pod Residue-As an Alternative Feeds for Dairy Animals: A Review

Livestock gives a substantial contribution in sustaining rural economy and livelihood and up liftment of socio-economic status of rural people. The contribution is nearly 4.11 per cent to total GDP and 25.6% of total Agriculture GDP. Present livestock population of 535.78 million registered an increase of 4.6% over Livestock Census 2012. In India availability of feed stuffs both in quantitative and qualitative forms has been the major constraint for sustaining positive growth in Indian livestock sector. Latest estimate on demand-supply gap in fodder availability shows a net deficit of 30.65% green fodder and 11.85% dry crop residues in year 2020. Pea seeds are regarded as a highly valuable protein source for nutrition due to their high protein content (about 22-24%) which is intermediate between cereals and oil meals. Empty pea pods have been reported to contain 19.8% crude protein and 1.0% ether extract, rich in total soluble sugars (35.8%), total phenolics (9.4%) and macro and micro minerals. The digestion kinetic parameters for dry matter revealed that pea pods had 82.3 per cent degradable fractions and 68-69 per cent effective and true degradability. In India, total quantity of green pea pods available on annual basis accounts to 68.5×103 tones. Pea pods are relished by ruminants and are highly palatable with high nutritive value and an effective method of utilization of pea waste after removal of pea grains from pea pods as complete feed in ruminant animals.

Effects of Alternative and Sustainable Ingredients on Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Growth, Muscle Composition and Health

Aquaculture supplies more than 50% of the total fish consumed by the world population. It is considered by FAO authorities that it will be the main source of fishery products by 2030. These positive data are contradicted by the fact that aquaculture relies too much on fish oil and fish meal as essential ingredients for food, which exerts significant pressure on marine ecosystems. The present study was planned to look for alternative ingredients in aquafeeds and three different ingredients were evaluated for the first time in juveniles of rainbow trout: (1) House cricket, Acheta domesticus, meal (DI) as a quality protein source; (2) a mixture of four marine microalgae species (DM), as an important source of protein and lipids; (3) protein and lipid fraction recovered from cooking water from canned tuna manufacturing processes (DP&L); and (4) a mix of the three ingredients (DMIX). All the feeds assayed were compared with a commercial feed (DC). Results showed that the formulated alternative feeds had different effects on the growth of the fish. DI and DP&L have a similar growth performance to the control, while the fish fed with DM and the DMix have a slightly lower growth (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in terms of FCR (Feed Conversion Ratio) and PER (Protein Efficiency Ratio) (p < 0.05). Fish muscle composition did not show any differences in moisture, protein, lipids and carbohydrates content. Only a significant difference was detected in ash and in saturated fatty acid (SFA) content (p < 0.05). The hepatosomatic index (HSI) was significantly reduced in DI compared to that observed for the DC (p < 0.05), whereas the viscerosomatic index (VSI) was significantly higher in DM. The nutritional value of the rainbow trout muscle at the end of the study shows that DM fed fish showed the highest PUFA/SFA ratio and the lowest atherogenic index (AI), whereas DMIX showed the lowest PUFA/SFA and the highest n-3/n-6 and AI. No differences were observed among diets in the thrombogenic index (TI) values. Any of these ingredients might be used as alternative sources of protein in feeds for fish aquaculture because no negative effects were detected on fish growth, muscle composition, fish health or final nutritional value, except in the case of microalgae, which needs more research to adjust its inclusion rate in the feed.

Changes in Ileum and Cecum Volatile Fatty Acids and Their Relationship with Microflora and Enteric Methane in Pigs Fed Different Fiber Levels

Mustard and grapeseed meals are low-cost by-products generated by the oil industry. We aimed to investigate the effects of fiber level on the concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in the ileum and cecum, as well as the microflora and enteric methane (E-CH4) in pigs. A total of 70 Topigs hybrid pigs, 56 ± 3 days old, 20.96 ± 0.26 kg live weight, were randomly allotted to two feeding groups: (i) SM diet based on sunflower meal; (ii) MG diet based on mustard × grapeseed oil meals (MG-mixt). VFA profiles were determined by gas chromatography. E-CH4 was calculated using our trial data along with prediction equations. The MG-mixt slightly decreased growth parameters but improved daily feed efficiency and gain cost. The MG diet increased the concentration of VFAs and the microflora level. The higher VFA level recorded in the cecum (+53.93%) was correlated with a lower pH level (Spearman correlation coefficient, rho = −0.529, p < 0.001). In relation to DM intake and energy retention, E-CH4 recorded a highly significant decline in the MG group (<9.42%). A strong relationship was recorded among VFAs, microflora, predicted E-CH4, and fiber and NDF intake. The VFAs could be predictors for the E-CH4 level (p < 0.001). A significant relationship between E-CH4 and total VFAs was noted (rho = −0.462, p = 0.04). We conclude that MG-mixt has the potential to replace sunflower meal, with the minor drawbacks being balanced by the advantages provided in terms of feed efficiency, E-CH4 mitigation, and VFA levels.

EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOCELLULOSE FROM PONGAMIA PINNATA OIL MEAL

"Studies on cellulose/nanocellulose obtained from oil meals are very limited, but present interest and have scientific significance, since the structure, properties and performance may be different from those of other cellulose or nanocellulose types. Thus, the main objective of this work was to extract nanocellulose from an unconventional source – oil meal. Oil meals contain about 20-25% carbohydrates, but the structure and properties of the cellulose from oil meals has not been reported so far. In this research, we have extracted nanocellulose (particles and fibers) from Pongamia pinnata oil meal by alkali treatment, bleaching, and acid treatment. The cellulose obtained after bleaching and the final nanocellulose achieved after acid treatment were thoroughly characterized to determine their composition, structure and properties. Morphological studies using TEM and AFM proved the presence of nanostructures in the form of nanoparticles and nanorods. The average effective diameter and mean zeta potential, according to dynamic light scattering experiments, were found to be 338 nm and -13.3 mV, respectively. The weight average molecular weight and degree of polymerization obtained from SEC MALLS were 54,300 and 335, respectively. Higher thermal stability and reduced crystallinity of nanocellulose, in comparison with cellulose, were observed. Overall, a comparative report on the characterization of nanocellulose extracted from Pongamia pinnata, with its respective cellulose, has been provided here."

The relationship between material transformation, microbial community and amino acids and alkaloid metabolites in the mushroom residue-prickly ash seed oil meal composting with biocontrol agent addition

This study investigated the effects of adding biocontrol microbes on metabolites and pathogenic microorganisms during mushroom residue composting and the relationships of metabolite changes with microbes and material transformation. The results showed that the addition of Bacillus subtilis (BS) and Trichoderma harzianum (TH) with mushroom residue promoted the conversion of organic carbon and nitrogen. The abundance of pathogenic microbes was increased in biocontrol microbial treatments. BS or TH treatments increased the levels of amino acids, carbohydrates, and bacteriostatic alkaloid metabolites. Network analysis revealed that the main microorganisms significantly related to alkaloid metabolites were Rhabdanaerobium, Atopostipes, Planifilum and Ureibacillus. The increased bacterial abundance and decreased NO3–-N and TOC were closely related to the increases in amino acid and alkaloid metabolites after biocontrol agent treatments. Generally, adding biocontrol microbes is an effective way to increase the levels of antibacterial metabolites, but there is a risk of increasing the abundance of pathogenic microbes.

Development of waste-free production technologies for the food industry

The article is devoted to the research of processed raw materials and the development of flour confectionery products on their basis. Since flour confectionery products are currently in high demand among the population of the Russian Federation, the main disadvantages of which are the high nutritional value and the absence of dietary fiber, water-soluble vitamins, and minerals in the chemical composition of this product, which the human body needs for normal functioning. Therefore, research aimed at developing a technology for obtaining flour confectionery products of increased nutritional value is acquiring special relevance. Based on the data carried out, it was revealed that the defatted viburnum oil meal is a promising source of dietary fiber and protein. It is proposed to obtain powder from viburnum oil meal. A recipe and a technological scheme for the production of sandy semi-finished product with viburnum opulus oil meal have been developed. The regulated indicators of the quality of the sandy semi-finished product with the common viburnum meal (physicochemical, microbiological, organoleptic) have been determined.

Specialized meat semi-finished products for prevention of liver diseases

Dietetic therapy plays an important role in prevention and treatment of non-communicable, alimentary-dependent diseases including the bile duct diseases and chronic liver injury. The medico-biological requirements for the composition and quality of specialized semi-finished products for prevention and treatment of liver diseases are formulated and formalized in the paper. Using the methods of the computer design, the recipe of the specialized minced meat semi-finished product from horse meat, which is nutrient adequate to specific features of nutrition of patients with liver diseases, was developed and optimized. The experimental recipe of minced semi-finished products consists of horse meat of the second grade, soy protein fiber, soy protein isolate, textured soy flour, milk thistle oil meal, chicken eggs, soybean oil, salt, onion, vitamins B1, B2 and E, magnesium and zinc salts. The biological value of the obtained product is characterized by the high indices of the amino acid balance (Cmin=0.99, σс =0.85, U=6.27) and fatty acid balance of lipids ((RLi) I = 1…3 = 0.9 and (RLi) I = 1…6 -0.77). The content of dietary fibers, vitamins B1 and B2 as well as mineral salts of magnesium and zinc in the semi-finished product corresponds to the medico-biological requirements. The effectiveness of the developed product was confirmed in the experiment of the laboratory mice with simulated liver cirrhosis. The results of the assessment on the laboratory animals show that the developed product positively influences the processes of metabolism in the mouse body. The coefficient of protein assimilation in the group of animals fed with the specialized product was 25% higher than in animals received the standard vivarium diet. The biochemical blood analysis showed that intake of the developed product reduced the content of bilirubin, cholesterol, AST and ALT in the animal body by 34.5%, 8.2%, 11.0% and 12.5%, respectively.

Extraction and characterisation of bioactive proteins from Pongamia pinnata and their conversion into bioproducts for food packaging applications

In this research, proteins were obtained from Pongamia pinnata oil meal and subsequently converted into films and compression molded into various packaging products. Films with a maximum tensile strength of 1.9 MPa were obtained when 15% citric acid was used as the crosslinker. Minimum swelling of 120% was seen in 20% citric acid crosslinked film whereas the uncrosslinked films readily disintegrated in water. The protein films had excellent antioxidant properties with an IC50 value of 14.6 µg/ml compared to 26.9 µg/ml for the standard ascorbic acid. The pongamia protein-based bioproducts showed good activity against Bacillus cereus and Aspergillus niger. Unique properties, low cost, and large availability make pongamia proteins an ideal biopolymer for the development of green and sustainable materials and bioproducts.

Effects of biocontrol Bacillus and fermentation bacteria additions on the microbial community, functions and antibiotic resistance genes of prickly ash seed oil meal-biochar compost

This study evaluated the effects of biocontrol Bacillus and fermenting bacteria addition on the microbial community, metabolic functions and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) of new prickly ash seed oil meal (PSOM)-biochar composting. The results showed that the addition of Bacillus subtilis and fermentation bacteria significantly increased the NH4+-N, bacterial abundance and fungal diversity of compost while decreasing the relative abundances (RAs) of carbon metabolism genes in mature compost. NH4+-N was significantly correlated with microbial abundance and diversity, and its increase was closely related to microbial amino acid metabolism. The addition of biocontrol and fermenting bacteria changed the RAs of ARGs, which was caused by changes in the potential hosts Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota and Firmicutes in the compost. Consequently, adding Bacillus and fermenting bacteria into PSOM to make composting was suggested as an effective method to promote nutrient transformation, regulate microbial activity and decrease RAs of tetracycline and vancomycin ARGs.

Eco-Friendly Feed Formulation and On-Farm Feed Production as Ways to Reduce the Environmental Impacts of Pig Production Without Consequences on Animal Performance.

Animal feeding has a major contribution to the environmental impacts of pig production. One potential way to mitigate such effects is to incorporate an assessment of these impacts in the feed formulation process. The objective of this study was to test the ability of innovative formulation methodologies to reduce the impacts of pig production while also taking into account possible effects on growth performance. We compared three different formulation methodologies: least-cost formulation, in accordance with standard practices on commercial farms; multiobjective (MO) formulation, which considered feed cost and environmental impacts as calculated by life cycle assessment (LCA); and MO formulation, which prioritized locally produced feed ingredients to reduce the impact of transport. Ninety-six pigs were distributed between three experimental groups, with pigs individually weighted and fed using an automatic feeding system from 40 to 115 kg body weight. Based on the experimental results, six categories of impacts were evaluated: climate change (CC), demand in non-renewable energy (NRE), acidification (AC), eutrophication (EU), land occupation (LO), and phosphorus demand (PD), at both feed plant gate and farm gate, with 1 kg of feed and 1 kg of live pig as functional units, respectively. At feed level, MO formulations reduced CC, NRE, AC, and PD impacts but sometimes increased LO and EU impacts. These formulations reduced the proportion of cereals and oil meals into feeds (feed ingredients with high impacts), while the proportion of alternative protein sources, like peas, faba beans, or high-protein agricultural coproducts increased (feed ingredients with low impacts). Overall, animal performance was not affected by the dietary treatment; because of this, the general pattern of results obtained with either MO formulation at farm gate was similar to that obtained at feed level. Thus, MO diet formulation represents an efficient way to reduce the environmental impacts of pig production without compromising animal performance.

Extraction and Characterization of Proteins from Castor Oil Meal for Medical Applications

Extraction and Characterization of Proteins from Castor Oil Meal for Medical Applications

Eco-Friendly Composites Based on Bitter Tea Oil Meal and Polylactic Acid

Bitter tea oil meal (BTOM) is the main waste from the production of bitter tea oil which is squeezed from bitter tea seeds. The purpose of this study is to reuse the BTOM as an additive of the polylactic acid (PLA) to prepare eco-friendly composites. The effects of the addition of BTOM and maleic anhydride grafted polybutylene succinate (MAPBS) on the properties of PLA were investigated. The addition of MAPBS is mainly to increase the toughness of the PLA, and to increase the compatibility between BTOM and PLA. The experimental results show that the compatibility of PLA and BTOM and impact resistance of the composites can be improved by addition of MAPBS. The composite with 5% BTOM and 8% MAPBS exhibited the best tensile strength. In addition, the composite with 5% BTOM and 5% MAPBS has the best impact strength. It was found that the addition of BTOM and MAPBS can promote the crystallization of PLA. Moreover, the addition of BTOM not only can reduce the usage of PLA and the cost of the materials, but also reuse and reduce the waste from food industry.

Impact of Inoculant Sources on Feed in Vitro Fermentability and Digestibility

The aim of this research is to compare alternative inoculant source for in vitro rumen fermentation. In the first experiment, inoculant from fistulated cattle kept in LIPI and IPB (Fis1 and Fis2) and inoculant from Bogor municipality abattoir and IPB abattoir (Abo1 and Abo2) were tested for their pH, total bacterial count, and protozoal number using a complete block design with four replications. In the second experiment, the effect of the inoculant sources was tested on cornmeal (F1), soybean oil meal (F2), Napier grass (F3), and dairy cattle complete ration (F4) fermentability and digestibility including pH, VFA, NH3, IVDMD and IVOMD parameters. The results showed an unsignificant different protozoal number among inoculant sources. The pH of Fis2 rumen liquor was significantly lower (p<0.05) than others. The bacterial population was significantly higher (p<0.05) in Fis2 and Abo2 than Abo1, and Fis1. The inoculant pH after feed fermentability was not influenced by feed type but inoculant source with Fis1 was significantly higher (p<0.05) than Fis2, Abo2, and Abo1. The ammonia, VFA concentration, IVDMD, and IVOMD were influenced by interaction between inoculant sources and feed types. Although inoculant from cattle close to the laboratory (Fis2 and Abo2) were better in term of higher bacterial population, higher fermentability and digestibility for most type of feeds but other sources can be used in vitro study without differences in average fermentability and digestibility results.
 Key words: abattoir, fermentability, fistula, inoculant, in vitro

IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF ALIMENTARY BIOLOGICAL CORRECTORS ON THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS

The effective functioning of all body systems is mostly determined by many essential substances that act as activators of metabolic reactions. Their diet deficiency leads to violations of alimentary nature homeostasis, exacerbated by environmental, social, and economic factors. This study aimed to compare antihypoxant properties nutrients of the vegetable and animal origin, their impact on respiratory and transport parameters of gas exchange, as criteria for the energy balance of the body, and the assessment of probiotic factor in improving the antihypoxant properties of targeted biologically active substances. The increase in the efficiency of gas exchange was evaluated on the example of students and teachers of an engineering university at ages from 16 to 65 in daily consumption of food products with known biocorrective properties: wheat germ oil (WGO), wheat germ oil meal (WGOM), concentrated tissue fish oil (CTFO) and their combinations with the biomass of the lacto- and Bifidus bacteria consortium. The change of energy efficiency of the nutritional status was assessed based on the analysis of the carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2) concentration in the exhaled gas-air mixture and the level of hemoglobin (SpO2). Their values were recorded before and after the daily consumption of the tested products for 30 days. The average values of parameters in all age groups have demonstrated that the most effective antihypoxant is the wheat germ oil meal. A combination of biocorrectors under investigation with active forms of probiotic microorganisms provides a more active antihypoxant effect for all products under investigation in all age groups. The obtained data make it possible to state the possibility of an operational alimentary impact on gas exchange efficiency and prove the antihypoxant properties of WGO, WGOM, CTFO, and the synergetic effect of their combination with probiotic microorganisms in the active form.

Protein opportunities of sunflower seeds. Research of processes of food protein production from sunflower oil meal

Protein opportunities of sunflower seeds. Research of processes of food protein production from sunflower oil meal

Impact of Extruded Feed Supplements on The Productivity of Lactation Cows

The production of new fortified feed supplements and concentrates, balanced by the organic nutrients content, takes one of the leading positions in agriculture manufacture. Food production waste has recently been one of the forms of an accessible source of biologically active substances (oilcake, oil meal, molasses, treacle, etc.). Proper processing of these raw products allows you to use it in obtaining highly nutritious feed supplements with a high content of protein, minerals, vitamins, and sugars. Food waste does not harm the animal’s body; it was found; they have easily processed and high biological value. This work is presents the formulation of a new extruded feed supplement, using it in the main ration of lactation cows increases the productivity of the animal by 10-12%. The mass protein fraction in the obtained milk was in 9-11% higher comparative to milk from cows without receiving an additional feed supplement in their rations. It is proved that the developed extruded feed supplement does not adversely affect the body of lactation cows, which is confirmed by a research of the morphological blood composition.A supplementation dairy cow with 3 kg per cow daily for 15 days of our studded concentrated mixture is recommended.

PSXI-32 Effects of algae DHA on fatty acid profile of plasma red blood cell membrane and fecal microbiota of adult cats

Abstract There is evidence that algae can be a sustainable alternative of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (w-3 PUFA; DHA and EPA) in the diets of felines, but more information is needed to determine bioavailability of algal w-3 PUFAs in felines. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of algae DHA on plasma and red blood cell (RBC) membrane fatty acid profiles and fecal microbiota of adult cats. A complete randomized design was utilized with thirty female and male adult cats (mean age: 1.8 ± 0.03 yr, mean BW: 4.5 ± 0.8 kg) which were fed an assigned diet for 90 d. Three diets were formulated with poultry fat alone or inclusion of 2% fish oil or 2% algae DHA meal. Blood samples were collected after fasting on 0, 30, 60 and 90 d to be analyzed for plasma and red blood cell fatty acid profiles. A fresh fecal sample was collected within 15 min of defecation from each cat to be analyzed for fecal microbiota. Illumina 16S rRNA sequencing from V4 region was completed using MiSeq and analyzed using QIIME 2. Plasma and RBC fatty acid concentrations at baseline were similar among all cats and treatment groups. However, dietary treatment had a significant effect on the concentrations of several fatty acids in plasma and RBC over time. Plasma and RBC concentrations of DHA were greater (P < 0.05) for cats fed the algal DHA diet compared to the control and fish oil diets. Conversely, plasma and RBC concentrations of EPA did not differ among treatments when analyzed as a change from baseline. Beta- and alpha-diversity did not differ among treatments, indicating that 2% fish oil or algal-DHA meal does alter fecal microbiota of cats in contrast with cats fed a poultry fat-based diet.

Influence of dietary sesame meal, vitamin E and selenium supplementation on milk production, composition, and fatty acid profile in dairy goats

Although sesame oil meal is rich in linoleic acid, and both selenium (Se) and vitamin E (VitE) protect prone-unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) from oxidation, their influence on goats’ milk fatty acids (FAs) profile have not been studied. Thus, thirty dairy goats were divided into five groups and fed with alfalfa hay and concentrates. Two types of concentrates were used; one for the control (CON) and another for the treated groups. In the concentrate of the treated groups which contained sesame oil meal, apart from the quantities of VitE and Se included in the trace mineral-vitamin premix, either no extra VitE and Se (SOM) or extra 60 mg of VitE/Kg of concentrate (SOME), or 0.1 mg organic Se/Kg of concentrate (SOMSe) or its combination (60 mg of VitE and 0.1 mg organic Se/Kg of concentrate) (SOMESe) were incorporated. In blood plasma, the proportion of C14:0 reduced significantly in the SOME-fed goats compared with CON-fed goats while that of C16:0 reduced significantly in those goats fed the SOM, SOMSe, SOMESe diets. The proportions of medium-chain FAs (MCFA) and saturated FAs (SFA), and the atherogenicity index value reduced significantly in the milk of treated animals. Significant was also the decline in the SFA/UFA ratio in the milk of goats fed with the SOM, SOME and SOMESe diets. On the contrary, the proportions of long-chain FAs in the milk of SOM and SOMESe fed goats increased significantly. A significant increase in the proportions of UFA in the milk of SOME and SOMESe-fed goats and in the proportions of MUFA in those goats fed the SOM, SOME and SOMESe diets was found. In conclusion, the SOMESe diet can be considered as the most effective nutritional strategy to affect positively the goats’ milk FAs profile since the sharpest modifications in the aforementioned FAs were observed with this dietary treatment.