Oil Group Research Articles

Effect of adding natural coconut oil on the antifungal, flexural strength, and hardness properties of heat cure acrylic resin (an in vitro study)

Purpose. This study's objective was to estimate the effect of various quantities of the addition of natural coconut oil according to concentrations (1%, 2%, 3%) on the heat cured denture base material's anti-fungal, flexural strength, and hardness properties. Material and method. A total of 120 samples were created and (divided into three groups each groups contain forty samples) built regarding the attitude test: Candida albicans adherence test, flexural strength test, and hardness test. Next, each group was subdivided into three subgroups (control 0%, 1%, 2% and 3%) based on the various quantities of the added natural coconut oil, with (n=10 samples for each subgroup). Each group was assessed at 48 hours. One-way ANOVA and other statistical methods were used to analyze the data, Duncan and Dunnett’s tests for comparison means among all groups with control at p ≤0.05. Results. A One-way ANOVA showed a significant difference in the mean values of Candida albicans adherence, with the additive of natural coconut oil groups (1%, 2%) showing the highest antifungal effect compare with (3% additive groups). Adding 1% coconut oil had no significant difference on hardness and flexural strength, while adding 2% and 3% additive of coconut oil groups showed a significantly decrease than control groups at p ≤ (0.05). Conclusion. The antifungal properties of heat-cured acrylic resin are enhanced by the addition of coconut oil. However, when used in high concentrations (greater than 1%), it can result in a decrease in hardness and flexural strength.

Effect of Encapsulated Purple Garlic Oil on Microvascular Function and the Components of Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study-The ENDOTALLIUM Study.

Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is associated with progressive changes contributing to clinical complications related to macro- and microvascular diseases. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) and its organosulfur components have been related to beneficial cardiovascular effects and could improve endothelial function. The ENDOTALLIUM Study aimed to evaluate the effect of the regular consumption of encapsulated purple garlic oil on microvascular function, endothelial-related biomarkers, and the components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in untreated subjects with cardiometabolic alterations. Fifty-two individuals with at least one MetS component were randomized (1:1) in a single-center, single-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. The participants received encapsulated purple garlic oil (n = 27) or placebo (n = 25) for five weeks. Skin microvascular peak flow during post-occlusive reactive hyperemia significantly increased in the purple garlic oil group compared to the placebo group (between-group difference [95%CI]: 15.4 [1.5 to 29.4] PU; p = 0.031). Likewise, hs-CRP levels decreased in the purple garlic group compared to the control group (-1.3 [-2.5 to -0.0] mg/L; p = 0.049). Furthermore, we observed a significant reduction in the mean number of MetS components in the purple garlic group after five weeks (1.7 ± 0.9 vs. 1.3 ± 1.1, p = 0.021). In summary, regular consumption of encapsulated purple garlic oil significantly improved microvascular function, subclinical inflammatory status, and the overall MetS profile in a population with cardiometabolic alterations.

In vivo anthelmintic effect of Artemisia annua L. on oxyurid nematodes of laboratory mice

Oxyurids are common intestinal parasites of mammals, and they are the cause of recurrent helminthic infections, especially in children Hence natural herbal compounds are necessary for a repeatable cure. This study aimed to investigate the antinematodal effect of Artemisia annua L. n-hexane extract on oxyurids in vivo. In this study, A. annua L. n-hexane extract was applied to mice naturally infected with Syphacia obvelata and Aspiculuris tetraptera species orally at 300, 600, and 1200 mg/kg doses for seven days and the change occurring in the number of oxyurid eggs was investigated by the fecal flotation method. The nematodes in the necropsy were compared on the 8th day in all groups in terms of number, gender, and species. Albendazole (ABZ) was applied at a 5 mg/kg dose for three days as positive drug control, and corn oil was used as solvent control. The arithmetic mean of oxyurid eggs counted in fecal flotation 43.51% decrease in the drug control ABZ group and showed a 21.12% increase in the A. annua 1200 mg/kg group on the last day of application. When compared with the corn oil group, a 34.08%, 34.76% and 36.91% decrease in ABZ 5 mg/kg, A. annua 300 mg/kg and A. annua 1200 mg/kg group respectively were found in their necropsies in terms of nematode number. Non-polar compounds of A. annua L., very low concentration of ABZ and as a dilution solvent corn oil are probably responsible for this result.

Krill Oil for Knee Osteoarthritis

Knee osteoarthritis is disabling, with few effective treatments. Preliminary evidence suggested that krill oil supplementation improved knee pain, but effects on knee osteoarthritis remain unclear. To evaluate efficacy of krill oil supplementation, compared with placebo, on knee pain in people with knee osteoarthritis who have significant knee pain and effusion-synovitis. Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in 5 Australian cities. Participants with clinical knee osteoarthritis, significant knee pain, and effusion-synovitis on magnetic resonance imaging were enrolled from December 2016 to June 2019; final follow-up occurred on February 7, 2020. Participants were randomized to 2 g/d of krill oil (n = 130) or matching placebo (n = 132) for 24 weeks. The primary outcome was change in knee pain as assessed by visual analog scale (range, 0-100; 0 indicating least pain; minimum clinically important improvement = 15) over 24 weeks. Of 262 participants randomized (mean age, 61.6 [SD, 9.6] years; 53% women), 222 (85%) completed the trial. Krill oil did not improve knee pain compared with placebo (mean change in VAS score, -19.9 [krill oil] vs -20.2 [placebo]; between-group mean difference, -0.3; 95% CI, -6.9 to 6.4) over 24 weeks. One or more adverse events was reported by 51% in the krill oil group (67/130) and by 54% in the placebo group (71/132). The most common adverse events were musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders, which occurred 32 times in the krill oil group and 42 times in the placebo group, including knee pain (n = 10 with krill oil; n = 9 with placebo), lower extremity pain (n = 1 with krill oil; n = 5 with placebo), and hip pain (n = 3 with krill oil; n = 2 with placebo). Among people with knee osteoarthritis who have significant knee pain and effusion-synovitis on magnetic resonance imaging, 2 g/d of daily krill oil supplementation did not improve knee pain over 24 weeks compared with placebo. These findings do not support krill oil for treating knee pain in this population. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry Identifier: ACTRN12616000726459; Universal Trial Number: U1111-1181-7087.

Effects of Liquidambar Orientalis Oil on Liver and Kidneys in Heathy Wistar Rats

Background: Nowadays, the tendency towards alternative herbal therapies has increased due to the side effects of drugs. However, since the contents, method of use, dosage and toxic effects of herbal products are not fully known, undesirable situations are occasionally encountered. However, there are many experimental studies on the cytotoxicity of L. orientalis oil, most of these studies are in vivo modelling. In this study, the cytotoxic effects of L. orientalis oil on the liver and kidneys were investigated in healthy rats by oral administered. Methods: The study material consisted of 18 female Wistar albino rats (190-280 g) aged 8-10 weeks. All animals were housed under optimal temperature, light and humidity conditions and fed with normal rat pellet food ad libitum. Housing conditions were checked daily. Three groups were organized as L. orientalis oil, olive oil and control group, respectively. Each group consisted of 6 rats. L. orientalis oil group: L. orientalis oil (150 mg/kg) dissolved olive oil (0.6 mL). Olive oil group: Olive oil (0.6 mL). Control group: Empty gavage. The entire trial was performed by intragastric gavage once a day for 14 days. Result: The obtained data showed that serum biochemical parameters remained within normal ranges in oral use of Liquidambar orientalis oil (150 mg/kg) and did not show any difference with the control and olive oil groups. No pathological changes related to cytotoxicity were found in the samples taken from liver and kidney tissues.

Does Engine Oil Type Affect Fuel Consumption in Passenger Vehicles? A Two-Year Investigation

Reducing fuel consumption to decrease CO2 emissions has become a key development factor in the automotive industry. An effective way to decrease fuel consumption is to reduce the influence of various sources of energy loss. One way to increase engine efficiency is to use low-viscosity engine oils to reduce friction losses in the engine’s tribological systems. The aim of the article was to analyze the relationship between the type of engine oil and fuel consumption in a group of 12 passenger cars. This was a homogenous group of identical cars, equipped with the same engine, operated under very similar conditions. Three groups of engine oils (Revline, Total, Orlen) were tested in vehicles and stressed with comparable workloads. The experiment was conducted over two years (two stages of research). The collected results were presented using graphs and compared using statistical tests, split into two stages of research, with four seasonal temperature groups. The study provides a detailed description of fuel consumption differences taking into account variations in ambient temperature. The analyses were focused on finding answers to two research questions: does the type of engine oil affect the variation in combustion levels, and what is the variability of fuel consumption in different seasons due to the ambient temperature variability? Briefly, in both stages of the study, vehicles using Revline oil attained the highest average fuel consumption throughout the study period. Vehicles using Total oil showed similar results to those using Revline oil, with the difference in fuel consumption not as noticeable during warmer months. Conversely, vehicles using Orlen oil demonstrated the lowest fuel consumption values during colder months, but higher levels during warmer months.

Olive oil-in-water high internal phase Pickering emulsions stabilized by hydroxyapatite nanoparticles

Biocompatible high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) have attracted much attention in food and cosmetics due to their unique properties, such as adjustable viscoelasticity, high nutrient load, and long shelf life. Herein, we report an olive oil-in-water high internal phase Pickering emulsion (HIPE) stabilized solely by bare hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles. Compared with other HIPEs, the HIPEs stabilized by HA nanoparticles could be obtained through a one-step emulsification method without chemical modification or other chemical additives. The increase of HA concentration (≥ 0.5 wt%) resulted in increases in both the storage modulus and loss modulus of the HIPEs, indicating the particle network plays an essential role in the HIPEs gel strength. After increasing the oil phase fraction from 80% to 90%, the viscosity of the HIPEs increased from 8316 to 13855 Pa⋅s (shear rate 0.004 s−1) and exhibited as a pseudoplastic fluid. The effect of oil type on the HIPEs was also investigated. The HA nanoparticles may interact with the olefin and carbonyl groups of olive oil, forming interfacial-active particles to stabilize the HIPEs. This method is universal as it occurs with other natural oils (soybean, sunflower, and fish oil), which may have various applications in food, cosmetics, and functional material fields.

Dietary lipid sources affect growth performance, lipid deposition, antioxidant capacity and inflammatory response of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

The present study explored the effects of different lipid sources on growth performance, lipid deposition, antioxidant capacity, inflammatory response and disease resistance of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Four isonitrogenous (crude protein 50.46 %) and isolipidic (crude lipid 11.12 %) diets were formulated to contain 7 % of different oil sources including fish oil (FO) (control), soybean oil (SO), linseed oil (LO) and coconut oil (CO). Largemouth bass with initial body weight of 36.0 ± 0.2 g were randomly distributed into 12 tanks, with 30 fish per tank and 3 tanks per treatment. The fish were fed with the experiment diets twice daily for 8 weeks. The results indicated that the weight gain of largemouth bass fed the FO diet was significantly higher than that of fish fed the LO and CO diets. The liver crude lipid content in FO group was significantly higher than other groups, while the highest liver triglyceride content was showed in SO group and the lowest was detected in LO group. At transcriptional level, expression of lipogenesis related genes (pparγ, srebp1, fas, acc, dgat1 and dgat2) in the SO and CO group were significantly higher than the FO group. However, the expression of lipolysis and fatty acids oxidation related genes (pparα, cpt1, and aco) in vegetable oils groups were significantly higher than the FO group. As to the antioxidant capacity, vegetable oils significantly reduced the malondialdehyde content of largemouth bass. Total antioxidant capacity in the SO and LO groups were significantly increased compared with the FO group. Catalase in the LO group was significantly increased compared with the FO group. Furthermore, the ER stress related genes, such as grp78, atf6α, atf6β, chop and xbp1 were significantly enhanced in the vegetable oil groups compared with the FO group. The activity of serum lysozyme in vegetable oil groups were significantly higher than in FO group. Additionally, the relative expression of non-specific immune related genes, including tlr2, mapk11, mapk13, mapk14, rela, tgf-β1, tnfα, 5lox, il-1β and il10, were all significantly increased in SO and CO groups compared to the other groups. In conclusion, based on the indexes including growth performance, lipid deposition, antioxidant capacity and inflammatory response, SO and LO could be alternative oil sources for largemouth bass.

A randomized double-blind active-controlled clinical trial on the efficacy of topical basil (Ocimum basilicum) oil in knee osteoarthritis.

Basil is a widely used herb in Persian medicine and is gaining recognition as a functional food worldwide. This trial aimed to assess the effectiveness of a traditional formulation of basil oil in comparison with diclofenac gel in treating knee osteoarthritis, considering its established anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive, and anti-oxidative properties. One hundred eligible patients were equally randomized to the traditional basil oil (containing sesame oil) and diclofenac gel groups. They used their respective topical treatments thrice daily for 4weeks. Various measurements were taken at the beginning of the study, 2, and 4 weeks after starting the intervention, including the 8-m walk test, knee pain (based on visual analog scale), flexion angle of the knee joint, analgesic consumption, and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) questionnaire. No significant differences were observed between the basil oil and diclofenac gel groups in any of the measured outcomes. However, significant improvements were noted within each group for most variables. Topical application of the traditional formulation of basil oil appears to improve clinical symptoms and certain functional indicators of knee osteoarthritis to a similar extent as diclofenac gel. This suggests that basil oil could be considered an effective management option for this condition. Clinical Trial Registration: https://irct.behdasht.gov.ir/, identifier IRCT2017081711341N7.

Organic geochemical characterization of the seeped oils and Paleogene source rocks in the Southwest Java Basin (SWJ), Indonesia; tectonostratigraphic consideration on oil to source rock correlation

This study's main aim is to establish the organic geochemical relationship between the seeped oils as well as between the oils with the exposed Paleogene rocks in the Southwest Java (SWJ) Basin. Based on organic source input, depositional setting, and age diagnostic-related biomarkers, three oil groups of SWJ are proposed. SWJ oil group 1 (Cipari oil) is characterized by a dominant terrestrial organic matter input with low marine influence and is considered to correlate with Bayah and Citatah Formations with probable contribution from the Karangsambung Formation. Maja oils represented the SWJ oil group 2 and were correlated with the Walat Formation, which was sourced from a moderate marine and terrestrial organic matter input. Moreover, SWJ oil group 3 (Kromong, Ciseti, and Bojongmangu oils) is inferred to be generated from a dominant marine organism input with low terrestrial influence. Their correlating rock unit is the Batuasih Formation. The rock lithofacies suggest an environment ranging from shallow marine/deltaic to deep marine setting. Their paleontological analysis yielded the age ranging from Middle Eocene to Early Oligocene. The SWJ Basin is recommended to be formed as a flexural basin initiated from the Middle Eocene, while their neighbouring producing basin (the Northwest Java/NWJ Basin) was formed later in the Early Oligocene as a back-arc extension basin. Besides differences in basin forming type, timing of initiation, and basin filling, the SWJ and NWJ Basins are also distinct in their oil characteristic. The SWJ oil is sourced dominantly by higher terrestrial plants and marine phytoplankton, while the NWJ oil is generated from mixed sources, mainly lacustrine organic input.

Effects of organic contaminants on arbuscular mycorrhiza formation: A meta-analysis

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) function mostly depends on their colonization to roots. However, it has not been systematically clear how arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) formation is affected by organic contaminants. In this study, a meta-analysis was performed to estimate the effects of three groups of organic contaminants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), crude oil, and pesticide) in soil on mycorrhizal colonization rates (MCRs) from various moderators, such as AMF (genus, species, and inoculation mode), contaminant (level, type, and source), and experimental conditions (plant type, duration, and soil sterilization). Our results showed that all MCRs (total, vesicular, arbuscular and hyphal) significantly decreased under the stresses of three contaminants. Generally, pesticide caused larger decrease in all MCRs than PAHs and crude soil except for vesicular MCRs. Mixed AMF showed larger decrease in the total and vesicular MCRs than single AM fungus, but contrary trends in the arbuscular and hyphal MCRs. Moreover, man-made contaminant seemed to produce larger negative effects on the total, vesicular, and arbuscular MCRs than industry contaminant. The inhibitive effects of three contaminants on the total and vesicular MCRs increased with increasing experimental duration, and were larger in the non-sterilized soil than in the sterilized soil. Hyphal and spore growth were also inhibited by three contaminants in most cases. Hyphal length and spore number of single AM fungus were lower than those of mixed AMF, and pesticide produced larger inhibition on the hyphal length and spore number than PAHs and crude oil. Similar trend was found in the non-sterilized soil relative to the sterilized soil. This study indicated that AM formation and AM structure were negatively affected by three organic contaminants, whereas the inhibitive degrees varied with AMF, organic contaminant and experimental conditions.

Fabrication of Human Milk Fat Substitute: Based on the Similarity Evaluation Model and Computer Software.

We aimed to obtain the optimal formula for human milk fat substitute (HMFS) through a combination of software and an evaluation model and further verify its practicability through an animal experiment. The results showed that a total of 33 fatty acid (FA) and 63 triglyceride (TAG) molecular species were detected in vegetable oils. Palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, 18:1/16:0/18:1, 18:2/16:0/18:2, 18:1/18:1/18:1 and 18:1/18:2/18:1, were the main molecular species among the FAs and TAGs in the vegetable oils. Based on the HMFS evaluation model, the optimal mixed vegetable oil formula was blended with 21.3% palm oil, 2.8% linseed oil, 2.6% soybean oil, 29.9% rapeseed oil and 43.4% maize oil, with the highest score of 83.146. Moreover, there was no difference in the weight, blood routine indices or calcium and magnesium concentrations in the feces of the mice between the homemade mixed vegetable oil (HMVO) group and the commercial mixed vegetable oil (CMVO) group, while nervonic acid (C24:1) and octanoic acid (C8:0) were absorbed easily in the HMVO group. Therefore, these results demonstrate that the mixing of the different vegetable oils was feasible via a combination of computer software and an evaluation model and provided a new way to produce HMFS.

To check the antibacterial efficacy against Enterococcus faecalis by various ayurvedic oils used as a solvent in endodontic sealers - An in vitro study

Aim: The aim of the study is to check the antibacterial efficacy of various ayurvedic oils used as a solvent with zinc oxide for preparing endodontic sealers. Materials and Methods: Forty-five extracted premolars were taken and were cut coronally and apically such that 7 mm of tooth specimen was prepared. Teeth were sterilized by autoclaving inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis and incubated for 24 h. The specimens were divided into three groups of 15 each. Group 1 – ZnO powder + Eugenol, Group 2 – ZnO powder + Aremidadi Oil, and Group 3 – ZnO powder + Dashmool oil. Bacterial growth in each specimen was calculated before and after sealer application and noted as the initial and final colony count. The antimicrobial effect of each sealer was measured by calculating the percentage reduction in colony count (%). One-way analysis of variance and post hoc tests will be used for statistical analysis. Results: The Zn + Arimedadi oil group showed the maximum antibacterial effect among the sealers tested and the Zn + eugenol sealer showed the least antimicrobial effect In comparison, there was a statistically significant difference between all the groups. Conclusion: Ayurvedic oil-based root canal sealers showed better antibacterial efficacy than eugenol-based sealers. Arimedadi oil showed the highest antibacterial activity against E. faecalis and Eugenol showed the least when used as a solvent.

Effectiveness of Microneedling Technique Using Olive Oil on the Severity of Gingival Inflammation and Plaque Accumulation: A Randomised Controlled Trial.

Gingival inflammation, a hallmark of periodontal diseases, serves as a critical focus in oral health research. Characterized by redness, swelling, and bleeding of the gingival tissues, it reflects the body's response to bacterial biofilms accumulating on the tooth surfaces. This inflammatory process, initiated by the interaction between oral bacteria and the host immune system, can lead to a spectrum of periodontal conditions ranging from mild gingivitis to severe periodontitis. Understanding the efficacy of various methods to treat gingival inflammation is essential for refining treatment strategies and enhancing patient satisfaction in the realm of gingival inflammation. The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of employing the microneedling technique with olive oil on gingival inflammation and plaque accumulation in individuals with gingivitis. Materials and methods:Twenty-four individuals diagnosed with plaque-induced gingivitis were selected from Saveetha Dental College, Chennai. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups: Group A, comprising 12 individuals who received mechanical periodontal treatment only andGroup B, consisting of 12 individuals treated with dermapen and topical olive oil. This involved the creation of microholes in the gingival tissue to enhance the concentration and penetration of the oils through the gingival tissues. Post-intervention assessments of gingival and plaque status were conducted using a gingival index and a plaque index at baseline, one, two, and four weeks. Statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 23 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Intergroup analysis was done using Mann-Whitney test and intra-group analysis was done using Kruskal-Wallis test for all the study parameters.Statistical significance was set at a p-value of less than 0.05. The mean plaque index scores were 2.02 ± 0.12 and 2.29 ± 0.21 in the subgingival scaling and microneedling with olive oil group respectively in baseline. The scores were 1.83 ± 0.29 and 0.57 ± 0.16in the subgingival scaling and microneedling with olive oil group respectively at the end of four weeks. The results of plaque index scores were statistically significant between the control and the intervened groups at the end of four weeks with a p value of 0.01*. The mean gingival index scores were 2.09 ± 0.16 and 2.37 ± 0.17 in the subgingival scaling and microneedling with olive oil group in the baseline respectively. The scores were 1.88 ± 0.23 and 0.96 ± 0.21 in the subgingival scaling and microneedling with olive oil group respectively at the end of four weeks. The results of gingival index scores were statistically significant between the control and the intervened groups at the end of four weeks with a p value of 0.01*. Our research showcased a novel and effective technique, unveiling a significant enhancement in gingival health accompanied by a reduction in both the average gingival index and plaque index.

Effect of per os administration of fucoxanthin alcoholic and oil extracts to Balb/c mice on biochemical parameters and serum cytokine level

Microalgae are a source of various biologically active substances, including carotenoids. One of the carotenoids of diatom microalgae is fucoxanthin, which has antioxidant, antimicrobial, antitumour and anti-inflammatory properties that can be used in the treatment of a wide range of human and animal pathologies. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of alcohol and oil extract of fucoxanthin on biochemical parameters and levels of serum cytokines in mice during intragastric administration. Material and methods. Fucoxanthin extracts from the microalga Nanofrustulum shiloi were used. Mice of Balb/c strain were intragastrically administrated with 0.5 ml of oil (500 μg/ml) or alcoholic extract of fucoxanthin (187.5 μg/ml), mice in the comparison group were given 0.5 ml of olive oil or 45% ethyl alcohol once a day within 5 days. On the 8th day, blood serum was obtained and the level of albumin, triglycerides, cholesterol, low (LDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL), urea, uric acid, creatinine, aspartate (AST) and alanine aminotransferases (ALT), lactate, stable nitric oxide (NO) metabolites (nitrites), cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ) was determined using ELISA with photometric detection. Results and discussion. In the comparison group, ethyl alcohol promoted an increase in serum triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL, HDL, ALT, AST, nitrite, IL-10, IFN-γ and TNF-α content compared to intact animals. Fucoxanthin alcoholic extract administration increased the level of LDL, HDL, uric acid, TNF-α and decreased albumin, cholesterol, uric acid, creatinine, ALT, AST, IL-6 content compared to control. The olive oil group showed a decrease in serum triglycerides, cholesterol, urea, uric acid, ALT and AST content but an increase in LDL, HDL, nitrite level compared to the control. Administration of fucoxanthin oil extract to animals decreased albumin, triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL, uric acid, ALT, AST, lactate, IL-6, IL-10 compared to control. Conclusions. Thus, it was discovered that fucoxanthin in Balb/c mice contributes to a decrease in hepatic synthetic function, as evidenced by the change in the concentration of albumin, triglycerides, uric acid), influences energy metabolism (creatinine, lactate), cell membrane stability (cholesterol, LDL, HDL), serum transaminase activity, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines content.

Effects of open-label sesame oil applied to cardiac surgery patients in preventing amiodarone-induced phlebitis: A randomized controlled trial.

Amiodarone is a prophylactic rhythm-regulating drug used to prevent arrhythmia; However, especially during infusion, it has the potential to cause a number of complications, especially phlebitis. The aim of the study is to determine the effects of sesame oil, which has the potential to prevent phlebitis that may occur during amiodarone infusion administered to patients after cardiac surgery. This prospective, two-arm (1:1), block randomized controlled interventional study. This study was conducted with 44 patients treated in the coronary intensive care unit of a university hospital, who received parenteral infusion of amiodarone. Sesame oil was applied superficially by applying 10 drops to a 10 cm perimeter of the cannula for 10 min. This application was repeated every 8 h during the 24-h amiodarone infusion. No intervention was made to the patients in the control group. However, standard nursing care measures and a standard transparent dressing were applied to the patients in both groups during the peripheral catheter application phase. Patients in the intervention and control groups were evaluated in terms of phlebitis at the end of every 24 h using the Visual Infusion Phlebitis Scale. The study was reported according to the CONSORT declaration. Phlebitis symptoms occurred in 15/22 (68.2%) of the patients in the intervention group on the first day, 3/22 (13.6%) on the second day and 2/22 (9.1%) of the patients on the third day, while in the control group, 20/22 (90.9%) of the patients had phlebitis on the first day and 2/22 (9.1%) on the second day. The incidence of phlebitis was 20/22 (90.9%) in the intervention group and 22/22 (100%) in the control group. There was no statistically significant difference in phlebitis symptoms between groups. The research results showed that the application of sesame oil did not significantly reduce the frequency of phlebitis. However, a trend indicating delayed onset of phlebitis symptoms was observed in the sesame oil group. Nevertheless, larger sample studies are needed. These studies are expected to assist in determining the effects of sesame oil on phlebitis more precisely and provide stronger support for the results. Training of nurses on non-pharmacological methods should be supported and opportunities should be given for their application.

Inhibitory effects of chlorophyll pigments on the bioaccessibility of β-carotene: Influence of chlorophyll structure and oil matrix

Chlorophylls and β-carotene are fat-soluble phytochemicals in daily diets, while their bioaccessibility interaction remains unknown. Eight dietary chlorophylls and their derivatives (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, pheophytin a, pheophytin b, chlorophyllide a, chlorophyllide b, pheophorbide a, pheophorbide b) were combined with β-carotene in six different oil matrices (corn oil, coconut oil, medium-chain triglycerides, peanut oil, olive oil and fish oil) and were subjected to in vitro digestion. Generally, chlorophylls significantly decreased β-carotene bioaccessibility by competitive incorporation into micelles. Dephytylated chlorophylls had a greater inhibitory effect on the micellarization and bioaccessibility of β-carotene compared to phytylated chlorophylls. In their co-digestion system, olive oil group exhibited the smallest particle size and biggest zeta potential in both digesta and micelles. For chlorophylls, the phytol group and their levels are key factors, which was also buttressed by the mice model where additional supplementation of pheophorbide a significantly hindered the accumulation of β-carotene and retinoids compounds.

Antimicrobial effects of laurel extract, laurel essential oil, zahter extract, and zahter essential oil on chicken wings contaminated with Salmonella Typhimurium.

This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of zahter extract, zahter essential oil, laurel extract, and laurel essential oil on Salmonella Typhimurium inoculated on chicken wings. A total of 10 groups, including eight study groups and two control groups were formed, consisting of zahter extract and zahter essential oil and laurel extract and laurel essential oil in different proportions. In the study, laurel extract at 6.4% and 12.8% concentrations, laurel essential oil at 0.2% and 0.4% concentrations, zahter extract at 0.2% and 0.4% concentrations, and zahter essential oil at 0.2% and 0.4% concentrations were used. The broth microdilution method was used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the extract and essential oils on the S. Typhimurium. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of the extracts and essential oils used in the study against S. Typhimurium were determined. The highest inhibitory effect on S. Typhimurium was observed in the 0.4% laurel essential oil group. It was determined that the inhibitory effect increased as the concentration of laurel essential oil increased. In addition, the antimicrobial activity of zahter essential oil is less inhibitory than the laurel extract, laurel essential oil, and zahter extract. According to the results of this study, it has been revealed that extracts and essential oils obtained from zahter and laurel plants, which have been shown to be natural antimicrobial, can be used in foods as an alternative to chemical additives. To develop research results, the applicability of these extracts and essential oils in different foodstuffs should be examined using different ingredients and concentrations.

Metformin modulates autophagic pathway in renal fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride in adult male albino rats

ABSTRACT Backgrounds Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem. All progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Exposure to high concentrations of carbon tetrachloride (including vapor) can destroy the kidneys. Autophagy played an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of organs. Impaired autophagy was frequently associated with renal damage and fibrosis. Recent data suggests that metformin protects against a variety of kidney disorders. Aim To investigate the protective role of metformin on carbon tetrachloride induced renal damage via autophagy pathway. Materials and Methods Forty adult male albino rats were divided into four equal groups (10 rats, each); Group 1: control group. Group 2: olive oil group received olive oil 1.5 mg/kg twice weekly S.C for 12 weeks. Group 3: The ccl4 group, the rats were received ccl4 1.5 mg/kg twice weekly S.C for 12 weeks. Group 4: CCL4 and Metformin group received concomitant treatment of CCL4, 1.5 mg/kg twice weekly S.C and 100 mg/kg/day Metformin orally for 12 weeks. After sacrifice, kidneys were taken from all animal groups and processed for light and electron microscopy, immunological studies and biochemical tests. Statistical analysis was done. Results Administration of ccl4 resulted in histopathological changes in the kidney tissue in the form of areas of tissue destruction, inflammatory cell infiltration, congestion and fibrosis. Ultrastructurally, irregular thickening of GBM was observed. Improvement was noticed with concomitant treatment of ccl4 with metformin. Conclusion Metformin administration can modulate histological and biochemical effects in the renal tissue induced by of ccl4.

The digestion profiles of lipids with different unsaturated levels under the treatment of different intestinal bacteria

Multiple lines of evidences have been demonstrated intestine microbiota could impact the digestion profiles of lipids. In the present study, the effects of different levels of unsaturation in lipids on their digestion patterns under specific gut microbial communities were examined. The results indicated that the different intestinal bacteria does not affect the final free fatty acid content. The most obvious change was found in rapeseed oil with Escherichia fergusonii, and the lowest change was found in linseed oil groups with Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922). Relatively, the digestive rate of palm oil was affected by the bacteria more easily, when compared with other lipids. The higher the unsaturated level of lipids, the less affected by bacteria during the digestion process. Meanwhile, the relative contents of glycerides among groups revealed obvious differences, which reflected that lipid digestion was severely influenced by different bacteria. The changes in lipid digestion profiles might be attributed to some secondary bile acids, amino acids and their derivatives, and organic acids.