The paper conducted a critical evaluation of South Sudan’s policy framework for health and safety management in the oil and gas industry in Paloich- Melut County with interests in Dar Petroleum Operating Company. Specifically, the study assessed the effect of government policy, the organizational practices that affects the health and safety management of community and to explore the challenges affecting the implementation of policy frameworks for health and safety management practices by Dar Petroleum Operating Company. Descriptive survey research design was used to collect quantitative and qualitative data thus following mixed method approach. Quantitative data was collected using questionnaires while Qualitative data was obtained from in-depth interviews. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis. The results revealed that government policy and organizational practices are positively and significantly related to health and safety management practices among oil exploration companies. However, organizational challenges and health and safety management practices among oil exploration companies is negatively and significantly related. The main challenges were lack of resources, poor leadership and corruption. The study concluded that an increase in adoption of Government Policy and organizational practices led to a significant increase on safety management practices among oil exploration companies. The study recommended that the oil and gas exploring companies strengthen the capacities of all concerned to achieve the sound management intellectual capital, exploration and production waste minimization, sound management of oil fields and hazardous wastes at all levels. Keywords: Health and Safety Management Practices, Government Policy, Company Policy, Organizational Practices & South Sudan