Oil Distillation Research Articles

Pectin-Based Bioplastics Functionalized with Polyphenols from Rose Oil Distillation Wastewater Exhibit Antioxidant Activity.

This study explored the potential of rose aqueous extract (RE), a byproduct of rose essential oil extraction, to enhance the properties of biobased food packaging materials. RE contained a high phenolic content (153 mg of GAE/g of dw), rich in hydroxybenzoic acids and flavonols. The antioxidant potential of RE, assessed by DPPH assay, was evaluated (IC50 = 2.85 μg/mL). Edible pectin films fortified with RE were prepared, and their mechanical, physical, and chemical characteristics were evaluated. RE addition increased the moisture content from 14 to 28%, while moisture uptake remained stable at around 10%. Zeta potential remained below -30 mV, indicating that particle aggregation and particle size decreased with higher RE concentrations. Scanning electron microscopy showed an improved homogeneity of the films. RE retained its antioxidant properties, enhancing the mechanical resistance of the films and offering protection against oxidative damage and UV radiation. These findings suggest the potential of RE in developing functional, eco-friendly food packaging.

Development of the Separation Column’s Temperature Field Monitoring System

Oil is one of the main resources used by all countries in the world. The ever-growing demand for oil and oil products forces oil companies to increase production and refining. In order to increase net profit, oil producing companies are constantly upgrading equipment, improving oil production technologies, and preparing oil for further processing. When considering the elements of primary oil refining in difficult conditions, such as hard-to-reach or in remote locations, developers face strict limitations in energy resources and dimensions. Therefore, the use of traditional systems causes a number of difficulties, significantly reducing production efficiency. In this study, the authors solve the problem of improving the characteristics of the oil separation process. In their work, the authors analyzed the separation columns of primary oil distillation, identified the shortcomings of the technological process, and searched for technological solutions. Having identified the lack of technical solutions for monitoring the state of the temperature field of the separation column, the authors developed their own hardware–software complex for monitoring the separation column (RF patents No. 2020665473, No. 2021662752 were received). The complex was tested and successfully implemented into production. The study provides an assessment of the economic efficiency of implementation for a year and a forecast of the economic effect for 10 years.

Chemical compositions and oxidative stabilities of cold-pressed walnut oils (Juglans regia L.): Effects of chemical refining, water degumming, and molecular distillation.

Walnut oils are of important academic and economic value, and are becoming one of the most important woody oils. Accurate and moderate refining techniques are required to produce high-quality walnut oils. In this work, walnut oils obtained from cold processing were refined in three typical techniques, mainly chemical refining, water degumming, and molecular distillation. Physicochemical properties (acid value and peroxide value [POV]), minor components (tocopherol, polyphenols, and phytosterol), oxidative stability indices, and volatile compounds were analyzed to find out the appropriate refining method for the cold-pressed walnut oils. Quality indices of all the refined oils from the three different refining methods met the requirements of the national standard, of which the POV of chemically refined oil (0.241g/100g) was higher than crude oil (0.058g/100g). Water degumming was most suitable for retaining of bioactive compounds, for example, the tocopherol was 259.40mg/kg, the polyphenols was 44.54mgGAE/kg, and the phytosterol was 987.32mg/kg, but oxidation stability of the obtained oil (3.09h) was lower than that of molecular distilled oil (4.18h). Initial physicochemical properties especially the POV had a significant impact on oxidation stability. There is a trade-off between the retention of nutrients and extending shelf life, indicating appropriate refining techniques should be developed; that is, water degumming is suggested to be involved in producing high-quality cold-pressed walnut oils.

Pemilihan komponen dan pembuatan alat destilasi minyak sereh dengan kapasitas 10 kg

This research aims to design and manufacture a citronella oil distillation device with a capacity of 10 kg. The component selection process involves analysis of various factors such as efficiency, cost, material availability, and ease of maintenance. The main components selected include extraction tubes, condensers and heating systems. Choosing the right material, such as stainless steel for corrosion resistance, is one of the main focuses to ensure tool durability. The design of this distillation tool takes into account aspects of ergonomics and user safety. The manufacturing process involves several stages, starting from detailed design, material procurement, to assembling and testing the equipment. The test results show that this distillation equipment is capable of producing lemongrass oil with quality that meets standards, as well as better time efficiency compared to traditional methods. Thus, it is hoped that this distillation equipment can increase lemongrass oil production, especially for farmers and small and medium industries.

PENGUJIAN ALAT DESTILASI MINYAK SEREH DENGAN KAPASITAS 10 KG

Testing of a 10 kg capacity lemongrass oil distillation apparatus was carried out to evaluate the performance and efficiency of the distillation process. This study includes setting main parameters such as distillation temperature, process time, and type of raw material used. The main goal is to ensure that the distillation equipment can produce lemongrass oil with optimal quality according to its capacity. The testing method involves measuring the distillation results in terms of citronella oil yield and chemical composition. This analysis provides in-depth insight into the effectiveness of distillation equipment in maintaining the quality of the lemongrass oil produced. The test results show that setting the temperature and distillation time has a significant effect on the final result, with certain conditions producing better quality lemongrass oil. The implication of this research is the importance of an in- depth understanding of operational parameters in the distillation process to maximize the production of consistently high quality lemongrass oil.

Repellent Effects of Coconut Fatty Acid Methyl Esters and Their Blends with Bioactive Volatiles on Winged Myzus persicae (Sulzer) Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae).

Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is one of the most important aphid crop pests, due to its direct damage and its ability to transmit viral diseases in crops. The objective is to test whether spraying nanoemulsions of botanical products repels winged individuals of M. persicae in a bioassay in culture chambers. The bioactive volatiles were applied on pepper plants at a dose of 0.2% alone or at 0.1% of each component in blends. A treated plant and a control plant were placed at each side of an entomological cage inside a growth chamber. The winged individuals were released between the plants, in a black-painted Petri dish suspended by wires in the upper half of the cage. The most repellent products were farnesol (repellency index, RI = 40.24%), (E)-anethole (RI = 30.85%) and coconut fatty acid methyl ester (coconut FAME) (RI = 28.93%), alone or in the following blends: farnesol + (E)-anethole + distilled lemon oil (RI = 36.55%) or (E)-anethole + distilled lemon oil + coconut FAME (RI = 30.63%). The observed effect of coconut FAME on aphids is the first report of this product having a repellent effect on a crop pest. Repellent substances for viral disease vectors should be further investigated to develop new strategies for plant protection.

Evaluation of antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities of deodorizer distillate-derived silver nanoparticles

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using a sustainable green approach utilizing deodorizer distillates of canola (CODD) and soybean oil (SODD) as both reducing and capping agents. This synthesis approach resulted in the formation of pale-yellow colored CODD-AgNPs and SODD-AgNPs, which was confirmed by distinctive absorption peaks at 420 nm and 408 nm, respectively via Ultraviolet-Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis provided insights into the functional group interactions between CODD and SODD with their AgNPs. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the face-centered cubic lattice structure of both CODD-AgNPs and SODD-AgNPs. Further characterization via Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed the sizes, shapes, and surface morphologies of CODD-AgNPs and SODD-AgNPs. Assessment of antioxidant activity using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method demonstrated superior radical scavenging efficacy by CODD-AgNPs (IC50 value 1.07±0.04 µg/mL) and SODD-AgNPs (IC50 value 1.14±0.23 µg/mL) compared to CODD and SODD. Evaluation of antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) via disc diffusion method revealed potent antibacterial activities of CODD-AgNPs and SODD-AgNPs at 100 µg/mL concentration, surpassing the antibacterial efficacy of CODD and SODD. Furthermore, CODD-AgNPs and SODD-AgNPs exhibited significant anti-inflammatory potential at 500 µg/mL concentration, with IC50 values of 187.2 ± 1.28 µg/mL and 203.9 ± 2.08 µg/mL, respectively, highlighting their potential therapeutic applications. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the effective utilization of CODD and SODD in synthesizing AgNPs with enhanced biological functionalities, making them promising candidates for various biomedical applications.

Biomedical Perspectives of Citronellal: Biological Activities, Toxicological Profile and Molecular Mechanisms.

Citronellal (CIT) also known as rhodinal, is a naturally occurring monoterpenoid aldehyde distinctly found in the distilled oils of Cymbopogon species. It is traditionally used in air freshener, cleaner, floor polishing, deodorants, deodorizer, fragrance component, moisturizing hand/body lotion, perfumes, and adhesives due to its lemon characteristic fragrance and therapeutic benefits. This study aimed to summarize the pharmacological activities and underlying mechanisms of CIT against different diseases, as well as its toxicological profile. The data was collected from various reliable and authentic literatures by searching different academic search engines, including PubMed, Springer Link, Scopus, Wiley Online, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The findings imply that CIT possesses several pharmacological effects in various preclinical and pharmacological experimental systems. The results indicated that CIT demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, anthelminthic, and anticancer effects with beneficial effects in neurological and cardiovascular diseases. Our findings also indicated the toxic level of the phytochemical. In conclusion, it has been proposed that CIT has the capability to serve as a hopeful therapeutic agent, so further extensive clinical research is necessary to develop it as a reliable drug.

Fractional distillation of waste plastic pyrolysis oil for isolating narrow hydrocarbons cuts

Pyrolysis of polyolefins generates a large amount of olefins, which can serve as a valuable feedstock for the synthesis of chemicals. Nevertheless, their effective utilization requires refining owing to their diverse carbon distribution. This study performed a comprehensive GC×GC analysis of pyrolysis oils derived from waste polypropylene (PP) and waste high-density polyethylene (HDPE). The chemical composition of PP pyrolysis oil exhibited a high content of iso-olefins, whereas HDPE pyrolysis oil contained mainly alpha-olefins. Experimental batch distillation of PP pyrolysis oil yielded narrow hydrocarbon cuts with iso-olefins content exceeding 70 wt%. In contrast, distillation of HDPE resulted in cuts with more than 25 wt% alpha-olefins content. To perform ASPEN simulations, the physical properties (density, viscosity) of the oil were determined, two ways for obtaining boiling curves (ASTM D2887 and ASTM D86) were compared and two property methods (Peng-Robinson and Soave-Redlich-Kwong) were compared. It was concluded that the ASTM D2887 boiling curve and the Peng-Robinson property method present better experimental agreement for pyrolysis oils using the Theil’s Inequality Coefficients test. Based on the validated batch simulation, continuous distillation process schemes for isolating narrow carbon cuts in the refinery atmospheric tower indicate that a side draw configuration provides a better yield of (19.1 wt%) compared to a dedicated separate distillation column of (11.9 wt%) for the same number of trays, while the dedicated column allows the possibility to achieve higher purity.

STUDI BENTUK IMPLEMENTASI DAN DAMPAK SOSIAL EKONOMI PENGELOLAAN HUTAN DESA DI NEGERI MORELLA, LEIHITU, MALUKU TENGAH

The purpose of this study was to determine the form of implementation of the Social Forestry program and the Socio-Economic impacts in the management of Village Forests by LPHD in Morella Village. This study used a purposive sampling method, namely LPHD, KUPS. The results of the study showed that there were forms of Implementation of the Social Forestry (PS) program with the Village Forest (HD) management scheme by LPHD in Morella Village, including the formation of KUPS (KUPS Siliwangi, KUPS Toma Siwa, and KUPS Hausihu). The forms of activities include the Agroforestry Program through counseling and planting of seedlings (durian, nutmeg, cloves, and others), planning for clove oil distillation, assistance with sago processing production tools and exploring cooperation assistance with Bank BI for packaging and marketing of sago tumbu. The socio-economic impacts of the existence of Village Forests (HD) include; Social Impacts, namely being able to build community capacity in managing land, respondents' understanding of HD, the existence of social interaction, Cultural values ​​and norms (mutual cooperation, cooperation, sharing experiences, togetherness), Economic Impacts, namely management training and utilizing forest products, increasing the economy independently, increasing community economic efforts, assistance with economic tools/production tools, assistance with business capital, increasing knowledge and skills in product marketing, as well as business/entrepreneurship opportunities, and certainty of forest management.

The pyrolytic distillation of waste lubricants with waste oilfield scale into value-added fuel

The ever-increasing generation of waste materials has become a major environmental concern, highlighting the need for sustainable waste management strategies. This study explores the catalytic pyrolysis of waste lubricant oils using a waste oilfield scale as a low-cost solid catalyst to produce value-added fuel products. The pyrolytic distillation of waste engine oil was carried out in a manual distillation unit, employing a calcium carbonate (CaCO3) scale as a catalyst under various reaction conditions. Distillation experiments were conducted at 300 °C, 320 °C, and 350 °C, with and without adding NaOH and CaCO3 catalysts. The distillate fractions were characterized, and their properties were compared to standard fuel specifications. The results demonstrated that increasing the pyrolysis temperature and employing CaCO3 as a catalyst significantly enhanced the distillate yield and improved key fuel properties. At 350 °C, the distillate yield reached 56 % with 4 g of CaCO3, exhibiting desirable density (0.8049 g/cm3), viscosity (2.31 cSt at 40 °C), sulfur content (0.43 wt%), and a calorific value of 43,152 kJ/kg. Further, the distillate fractions were separated into gasoline (80–150 °C), kerosene (180–270 °C), and gas oil/diesel (270–350 °C) ranges, with the diesel fraction showing a promising cetane number of 51. The catalytic pyrolysis fuel (CPF) obtained from distillation with 4 g CaCO3 at 350 °C, followed by bleaching with CaO, exhibited excellent properties, including a density of 0.8297 g/cm3, viscosity of 2.71 cSt at 40 °C, pour point of −12 °C, sulfur content of 0.201 wt%, and a calorific value of 43,961 kJ/kg. The GC analysis revealed a paraffin-rich composition in the desired fuel ranges, contributing to the desirable fuel properties.

Essential oil distillation residue as environmentally friendly feedstock in gasification: effect of dry air flow rate and temperature on gasification performance

Essential oil distillation residue as environmentally friendly feedstock in gasification: effect of dry air flow rate and temperature on gasification performance

Rock-to-Pharma: Characterization of Shale Oil-Based Nonbiological Complex Drugs along the Production Process by High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry.

Antibiotic resistance has become a primary concern in medicine because of the overuse and misuse of classical pharmaceuticals. Recently, nonbiological complex drugs (NBCDs) have gained interest for their complex pharmacological profiles. Bituminosulfonates, which have lately been tentatively allocated toward NBCDs, are pharmacologically well-studied and show low potential in resistance development. However, molecular composition knowledge is limited. With this work, we present a comprehensive approach to investigate the manufacturing process of complex pharmaceuticals like bituminosulfonates on a molecular level via Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. The application of various hyphenations and ionization techniques comprehensively covers the entire mass and polarity range of the matrix, and the high sensitivity enables the identification of significant and minor chemical alterations caused by the multistep manufacturing process. The distillation of the shale crude oil eliminates highly aromatic PAH and PASH constituents. ESI(-) revealed strong PAH- and PASH-sulfonate formation after reacting the shale oil distillate with sulfuric acid. Increasing alkylation reduced the sulfonation yield, instead causing oligomerization side reactions, as observed by APPI analysis. Furthermore, multidimensional gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry verified core structural motifs. With this work, we demonstrate the high potential of FT-ICR MS in NBCD process analysis. The results also give valuable information for future pharmacological investigations focusing on specific compound classes or properties.

Source differentiation of BTEX compounds in groundwater contaminated due to refinery activities

This study aims to identify sources of groundwater contamination in a refinery area using integrated compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA), oil fingerprinting techniques, hydrogeological data, and distillation analysis. The investigations focused on determination of the origin of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX), and aliphatic hydrocarbons as well. Groundwater and floating oil samples were collected from extraction wells for analysis. Results indicate presence of active leaks in both the northern and southern zones. In the northern zone, toluene was found to primarily originate from oil products like aviation turbine kerosene (ATK or aviation fuel), kerosene, regular gasoline, and diesel fuel. Additionally, stable isotope ratios of carbon and hydrogen for ethylbenzene, o-xylene (ortho xylene) and p-xylene (para xylene) in zone A suggested the pollution originated from gasoline within the northern zone. The origin of super gasoline (with higher octane) identified in southern zone using δ13C and δ2H values of toluene in the floating oil and groundwater samples. Further, biodegradation of toluene likely occurred in southern zone according to δ13C and δ2H. The findings underscore the critical importance of integrating CSIA and fingerprinting techniques to effectively address the challenges of source identification and relying solely on each method independently is insufficient. Accordingly, comparing the GC-MS results of floating oil samples with ATK and jet fuel (JP4) standards can be effectively utilized for source differentiation. However, this method showed no practical application to distinguish different types of diesel or gasoline. The accuracy and reliability of source identification of BTEX compounds may significantly improve when hydrogeological data incorporates with stable isotopes analysis. Additionally, the results of this study will elevate the procedures for fuel-related contaminants source identification of the polluted groundwater that is crucial to develop effective remediation strategies.

Emission evaluation on distilled oil of pyrolyzed waste tyre oil with nano pyrogallol fuelled DICI engine

Emission evaluation on distilled oil of pyrolyzed waste tyre oil with nano pyrogallol fuelled DICI engine

Correction of the cracking mechanism ratio in catalytic cracking process to characterize the thermal cracking reaction and realize highly sensitive identification of catalysts

AbstractIn this work, we have specially carried out the catalytic cracking experiments of heavy distillate oil in the high temperature range of 500~700°C. The composition of dry gas generated in the catalytic cracking process was analyzed, with emphasis on the variation of yield of C1 and C2 products. Two cracking mechanism ratios (CMRs) were redefined by replacing the (C1 + C2) products in the traditional definition of CMR with CH4, and the feasibility of using them to characterize the thermal cracking reaction in the catalytic cracking process in the high temperature range was investigated. The results showed that CH4 was more sensitive to temperature than (C1 + C2) and it was feasible and more accurate to use CH4 instead of (C1 + C2) corrected R3 to characterize the thermal cracking reaction in the catalytic cracking process in the high temperature range. In addition, it was found that the corrected R3 had the effect of distinguishing and identifying catalysts.

Feasibility of fractional distillation of Eucalyptus hybrida essential oil for the separation of valuable compounds

Raw essential oil (EO) of Eucalyptus hybrida extracted from the leaves of trees found in Uttarakhand state and nearby areas consists of a mixture of monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids and several different volatile compounds of which 1,8-cineole i.e., eucalyptol, a monoterpenoid cyclic ether is a major component. The eucalyptol rich EO also holds antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, broncholytic and mucolytic potential. In this work experimental tests were done to evaluate the feasibility of batch fractionation or fractional distillation (FD) technique in performing value addition of eucalyptus essential oil. The proximity of boiling points of eucalyptol, limonene and p-cymene act as a barrier in separating these compounds. A two-stage FD procedure was devised, which recovers relatively light terpene fractions in first stage and provides eucalyptol rich fractions in second stage. The GC-MS analysis of the fractionated samples revealed good separation results with three stage-B fractions (B8, B9 and B10) containing >90% purity of eucalyptol, while two stage-A fractions (A1 and A2) containing >90% purity of pinene mixture (α-pinene and β-pinene). FD thus proved to be an effective method for adding value to the eucalyptus EO.

Oxidation of Oil Distillate and Deasphaltisate Organosulfur Compounds in the Presence of Vegetable Oils

Oxidation of Oil Distillate and Deasphaltisate Organosulfur Compounds in the Presence of Vegetable Oils

Study of Distillation Method and Time on the Quality of Basil (Ocimum sanctum L.) Essential Oil

"Basil" or basil has economic value both in fresh form, simplicia and essential oil. This research aims to evaluate the method and duration of distillation in making essential oil from basil. Two distillation methods, namely steam and boil distillation, are carried out with different distillation times (1 hour, 2 hours, and 3 hours). The parameters observed were physical characteristics which included oil volume, yield, pH, distillation rate, color, aroma and spots. The results show that the best distillation process time is 2 h for both distillation methods. Steam distillation for 2 hours produced the best essential oil of 1.1 ml, yield 0.11%, pH 5.78, distillation rate of 0.53 ml/h, pale yellow color, strong aroma, clean spots. Meanwhile, water boiled distillation for 2 h produced 1.2 ml of essential oil, 0.12% yield, pH 6.31, distillation rate of 0.60 ml/h, brown color, weak aroma, very spotty. Distillation of basil leaf essential oil using the steam method for 2 h was determined as the best treatment based on the highest essential oil yield, smallest pH, highest distillation rate, clearest color, most distinctive aroma, and cleanest stain. Keywords: Aroma, Basil leaves, Essential oil, Steam distillation, Yield.

Activation of carbon sorbents used in the hydrocracking process of vacuum oil distillation residue

Activation of carbon sorbents used in the hydrocracking process of vacuum oil distillation residue