Oil Biodiesel Blends Research Articles

Emission and Noise Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Fuelled with Diesel-Chicken Oil Biodiesel Blends

Biodiesel is a significant renewable, safe, and environmentally friendly source of energy that produces a lesser amount of greenhouse effect gasses. The studied biodiesel source is local chicken frying oil, synthesized by the trans-esterification process. In this research, the Particulate Matter (PM) exhaust gas emissions and sound emissions are examined. Emissions such as PM (PM1.0, PM2.5, PM7.0, and PM10), nitric oxides (i.e. NO and NO2), CO, CO2, and noise were investigated at variable loads with constant engine speed. Fuel samples, i.e. pure diesel (D100) and 20% Biodiesel (B20) and 30%Biodiesel (B30) blends were tested. Conventional diesel was found to emit more particulate and sound emissions, while B30 had lower emissions than B20 and conventional diesel. The lowest average values regarding exhaust gas emissions were 0.00690ppm for PM1.0, 7.44ppm for NO2 was, and 190.727ppm for CO, presented in B30. However, emissions from the engine decreased with an increase in the blending ratio of biodiesel. Furthermore, the lowest average value of CO2 was found in B30 and was about 1.457%.

Effect of EGR on diverse characteristics of diesel engine operated with corn seed biodiesel blend

ABSTRACT Transportation sector and industrialisation both are having a major impact on the economic development and ecological nuisance of any country across the globe. NOx is a highly toxic gas, released from the combustion of diesel fuel. In this current experimental work, controls of NOx emissions are examined by using Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR). The investigational unit is operated with corn seed oil biodiesel blend. Performance, combustion and emission features are investigated at different EGR ratios (5%, 10% and 15%, respectively), and results are compared with diesel fuel. From the analysis of the experimental results, it is concluded that NOx emissions are decreased by increasing the EGR ratio. However, a small penalty of engine performance and increased soot formation are observed at a higher EGR ratio. From the experimental test results, it is confirmed that EGR technique implementation generated excellent results for the control of harmful NOx emissions.

Quantification of carbon particulates produced under open liquid pool and prevaporised flame conditions: Waste cooking oil biodiesel and diesel blends

The soot volume fraction (SVF) of waste cooking oil (WCO) biodiesel and blends was quantified and compared under the same total carbon flow rate via two experimental setups, namely prevaporised diffusion jet flames and pool flames using extinction calibrated laser induced-incandescence (LII). The spatial SVF distribution shows that for diesel-rich fuels, soot formation peaks near the flame and is convected downstream, whereas biodiesel flames show a more evenly distributed SVF at the flame center region. An increase in biodiesel fraction in diesel results in a reduced propensity for soot, as evident in both pool and vapour flames. Comparison of the radial profiles of SVF along the centerline shows broader SVF profiles for pool flames, reflecting the longer residence times for soot diffusion and growth compared to vapour flames, which reflected the lower mass flux for the pool burner. The total soot produced from pool flames was found to be higher than vapour flame by a factor of two for the same fuel mass consumption rate. WCO biodiesel exhibited the lowest total SVF value regardless of flame type owing to the combined effects of lack of aromatic compounds and fuel chemistry. The soot primary particle sizes produced by WCO biodiesel show lower mean diameter values by a factor of approximately 1.5 compared to diesel-produced soot. The pool flames produced carbon particulates of larger mean diameter by around 22% and 8% for diesel and WCO biodiesel, respectively, relative to the counterpart vapour flames, as a result of extended soot surface growth period.

Detailed evaluation of combustion, performance and emissions of ethyl proxitol and methyl proxitol-safflower biodiesel blends in a power generator diesel engine

In this study, methyl proxitol, ethyl proxitol and their blends with biodiesel were tested for the first time. The main purpose of using these new fuel additives is to enable the usage of high percentages of pure biodiesel as fuel in diesel engines. The biodiesel was obtained from safflower oil by the method of transesterification. Safflower oil biodiesel blends were prepared as; 50% biodiesel-50% ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) named as B50, 90% biodiesel-10% methyl proxitol named as MP10 and 90% biodiesel-10% ethyl proxitol named as EP10. These test fuels, were compared with ULSD by taking combustion, performance and emission values in a diesel engine generator system under 3.6 kW, 7.2 kW and 10.8 kW loads corresponding to just about 20%, 40% and 60% of the full power of the generator at constant engine speed of 1500 rpm. According to test results, although the brake specific fuel consumptions (BSFC) of MP10, EP10, B100 and B50 were higher compared to the ULSD on all loads, these test fuels gave almost identical results. Experimental results on combustion parameters of CGP, CHR, HRR, MFB knock density and MGT showed that the results of EP10 and MP10 fuels were considerably similar to the results of ULSD with improved performance and emission indicators in all engine operation conditions. For blend fuels of EP10 and MP10, HC and CO emissions were significantly reduced, while NOx was similar and CO2 increased in all loads compared to ULSD.

Impact analysis of Calophyllum Inophyllum oil biodiesel on performance and emission characteristic of diesel engine under variation in compression ratio, engine load, and blend proportion

Biodiesel is the promising alternative to the diesel fuel used in compression ignition engine which required no modification in the existing engine. Moreover, it reduces the dependency, scarcity and frequent hike in the price of conventional fuel encourages to search for different fuel substitute to the CI Engines which are originally designed for the diesel fuel. Now the research is more focused on the availability of biodiesel feedstock, economical and optimisation. The present work, confer the study of the impact of variation in compression ratio on CI engine performance and exhaust emission characteristics when engine fuelled with biodiesel produced from Calophyllum Inophyllum non-edible feedstock. In the present work CI engine is run on diesel fuel, biodiesel blend of 25%, 50% and 75% under the engine load conditions of 0.75 kW, 1.50 kW, 2.25 kW, and 3.00 kW and varying the compression ratio form 14:1, 15:1, 16:1 and 17:1. The impact of use of biodiesel blend were investigated which is concluded that, the 25% Calophyllum Inophyllum oil biodiesel blend shows the nearest to the diesel fuel values and gives the better performance and emission characteristics among all other blend proportion and at the compression ratio of 16: 1 at full load engine conditions.

Pursuance and influence assessment of nanoadditives blended biodiesel fuelled in a di diesel engine

The utilisation of fossil fuels is escalating very rapidly and parallel to that its effects towards the global economy of the country are also increasing which have forced the researchers to search for an alternative fuel which could play the same role as of the fossil fuels and decrease the emerging global warming threats for the world. The use of biodiesel is considered to be a better replacement for this problem. The study and the alternative fuel focus on the orange oil and rice-bran biodiesels and its blends with nanoadditives on diesel engine's performance. The experimental research here shows a detailed knowledge of production, estimation of biodiesel-fuel properties and its brunt on the engine and combusted products that are obtained. The fuel was tested in engine with varieties of blends and their corresponding properties of engine performance were measured and a brief Comparison was done. Nanoadditives that were used in those blends were Al2O3 (Aluminium Oxide) and CeO2 (Cerium Oxide) both in the fraction of 150 ppm. Based on this experimental examination of Rice bran and orange oil biodiesel blends, they are utilised as a fuel in a diesel engine without implementing any alteration in the engine.

The performance, emissions, and combustion characteristics of an unmodified diesel engine running on the ternary blends of pentanol/safflower oil biodiesel/diesel fuel

The objective of the present study is to scrutinize the influence of a binary blend of diesel–safflower oil biodiesel and ternary blends of diesel–biodiesel–pentanol on performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a diesel power generator. The test fuels were prepared on volume basis by splash blending and named as follows: B20, B20P5, B20P10, B20P15, and B20P20. The tests were carried out on a single-cylinder, four-stroke, naturally aspirated, and direct-injection diesel engine at four engine loads with a constant engine speed of 3000 rpm. According to the results, ternary blends vaguely reduced BTE while increased BSFC up to 13.90% as compared to diesel. In addition, an increase in pentanol concentration has a considerable effect on the decrease in NOX emissions. It is noted that the addition of pentanol to diesel–biodiesel blend caused to lower emissions (CO, HC, and smoke), whereas CO2 emission increased noticeably thanks to the more complete combustion due to the excess oxygen content. Reviewing combustion analysis results, pentanol addition led to decrease heat release rate and lower ignition delay up to 15% blend ratio compared to diesel. Based on the present study, pentanol can be evaluated as a promising type of higher alcohol for the compression ignition engines in the near future.

Influence of Variable Speed on Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine using Fish Oil Biodiesel Blends

Alternative fuel sources are needed to be developed to meet the escalating demand for fossil fuels. Also from an environmental point of view, these most modern resources of fuels must be environment-friendly. The rapidly increasing consumption of fossil fuel and petroleum products has been a matter of concern for many countries which imports more crude oil. So, there is necessary for the development of new energy sources. The biomass, edible oil, inedible oils from plants and fish fat oil are imperatives and seen to be a potential substitute for diesel fuel. Acid and Base catalyzed transesterification is the most acceptable process for biodiesel production. In this project, an attempt towards finding the effect of alternate fuels as a substitute over diesel and reduce its consumption to lessen the environmental effects. Biodiesel has been extensively used in diesel engines as a partial substitute in the past few decades. The present investigation is carried out with blending up fish oil biodiesel with diesel in varying proportions to test out the emission and performance characteristics of direct injection single cylinder, four strokes, and air-cooled diesel engine. The fish oil biodiesel was produced by the transesterification process and obtained fish oil biodiesel blended with diesel fuel with various propagations of B20, B50, B75 & B100. These blended fuels were further investigated in a diesel engine with variable speeds such as 1000rpm, 1250rpm, 1500rpm, 1720rpm, 2000rpm 2250rpm & 2500rpm. In this comparative study, the effects of fish oil biodiesel fuel blends are compared and evaluated with pure diesel.

Selection of optimum bio-diesel fuel blend using fuzzy TOPSIS and fuzzy VIKOR approaches

The ever increasing demand and depletion of fossil fuels along with environmental concern has prompted search for alternate fuels. The selection of optimum biodiesel with the appropriate blend for the IC engine plays a vital role in the energy sector. This paper describes the application of novel hybrid multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) technique to evaluate the optimum fish oil biodiesel blend. Fuzzy TOPSIS and fuzzy VIKOR are used to evaluate the best blend, where fuzzy is to determine the relative weights of the criteria, TOPSIS and VIKOR has been used for obtaining the final ranking of alternatives. A four stroke single cylinder, constant speed, direct injection with a rated output of 4.4 kW was used for exploratory analysis. The ranking performance of both the methods is also compared with each other and selected B40 is the best blend to operate the engine. The proposed MCDM models are simple, precise and efficient tool for the decision makers to identify the suitable blend among the alternatives. [Received: March 4, 2017; Accepted: March 7, 2018]

Study on performance-emission trade-off and multi-objective optimization of diesel-ethanol-palm biodiesel in a single cylinder CI engine: a Taguchi-fuzzy approach

ABSTRACT World energy insecurity and other issues like rapid industrialization, stringent emissions, and global warming have inspired researchers to explore the benefits of alternative fuel research for the replacement of fossil fuel. Promulgation of different advantages in non-fossil fuel helps the researcher to step forward for alternative fuel research. In the present experiment, investigation of performance and emission characteristics of different diesel, ethanol, and palm oil biodiesel blend have been studied in a signal cylinder, four-stroke direct injection CI (compression ignition) engine. The experimental results indicate almost the similar performance and emission characteristics for all test fuels. Almost equal nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission and lower brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) with some penalty of increased unburnt hydrocarbon (UHC) emission have been observed for all blends. Finally, a fuzzy-based Taguchi method has been chosen for the selection of appropriate engine operating range (load) and fuel blend for optimum performance and emission characteristics. Based on the highest MPCI value (0.676), 20% load and B4 (D75B20E5) have been found as the optimum operating range and fuel blend, respectively, for the maximum reduction of BSEC, NOx, and UHC emissions compared to other blends.

Experimental investigation on performance of a CI Engine using waste cooking oil biodiesel blends with alcohol and Nanoparticle additives as fuel

In this study conventional fossil diesel, biodiesel made from waste cooking oil with different proportion with diesel, biodiesel diesel with alcohol additive and Nano particles are used as fuel. Experimental results reveals that blends of WCO biodiesel has similar characteristics that of diesel. Brake thermal efficiency is increasing when Nano particles are used compared to fossil diesel. B10Ai1% has highest brake thermal efficiency, lowest brake specific fuel consumption and lowest energy consumption than that of other tested fuel. Among all the test fuels used B10Ai1% has better performance. BTE BSFC and BSEC were found to be 20.10%, 0.405 Kg/Kwhr, 17914.71kj/kg respectively. For Nano fuel BTE, BSFC and BSEC were found to be 16.90%, .491 kg/kwhr and 21293.3 kj/kg respectively which were better than diesel.

Selection of optimum bio-diesel fuel blend using fuzzy TOPSIS and fuzzy VIKOR approaches

The ever increasing demand and depletion of fossil fuels along with environmental concern has prompted search for alternate fuels. The selection of optimum biodiesel with the appropriate blend for the IC engine plays a vital role in the energy sector. This paper describes the application of novel hybrid multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) technique to evaluate the optimum fish oil biodiesel blend. Fuzzy TOPSIS and fuzzy VIKOR are used to evaluate the best blend, where fuzzy is to determine the relative weights of the criteria, TOPSIS and VIKOR has been used for obtaining the final ranking of alternatives. A four stroke single cylinder, constant speed, direct injection with a rated output of 4.4 kW was used for exploratory analysis. The ranking performance of both the methods is also compared with each other and selected B40 is the best blend to operate the engine. The proposed MCDM models are simple, precise and efficient tool for the decision makers to identify the suitable blend among the alternatives. [Received: March 4, 2017; Accepted: March 7, 2018]

Repercussion of Neem Oil , Palm Oil Biodiesel Blends (B5 , B10) and Diethyl Ether , 1-Butanol with Palm Oil Biodiesel Blends on Performance of a Unmodified Diesel Engine

Repercussion of Neem Oil , Palm Oil Biodiesel Blends (B5 , B10) and Diethyl Ether , 1-Butanol with Palm Oil Biodiesel Blends on Performance of a Unmodified Diesel Engine

Experimental Investigation on Spray Characteristics of Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel/Diesel Blends at Different Injection Parameters

Biodiesel is a promising alternative solution for the energy crisis, as it is renewable, biodegradable, non - toxic and it has a fully competitive edge with petrol diesel in most technical aspects. Because of the increasing global request for diesel fuel consumption, consumption of non-renewable fossil fuels, exhaust emissions, all these led to search about alternative fuels. Biodiesel is one of the potential alternatives for depleting fossil fuels. Biodiesel fuel is an eco-friendly and renewable source of energy. Biodiesel fuel is an eco-friendly and renewable source of energy. Biodiesel is one of the best solutions and alternatives available to all countries of the world. Inedible plants and vegetable oils such as Jatropha oil, Karanji Pongamia oil, Neem oil, Jojoba oil, Cottonseed oil, Linseed oil, Mahua oil, Deccan hemp oil, Kusum oil, Orange oil, and Rubber seed oil were used as biodiesel in diesel engine. Biodiesel is produced by chemical methods from vegetable oils, but the use of vegetable oils is a high cost.Scientists searched for other sources and at the same time has a low cost. They found that waste cooking oil is the ideal solution to that problem. Four methods to minimize the high viscosity of vegetable oils to enable their use in common diesel engines without operational problems such as engine charges have been investigated: blending with petro diesel, pyrolysis, microemulsification (solvent blending), and transesterification. Transesterification is by far the most common method. Only the transesterification reaction leads to the products commonly known as biodiesel, i.e., alkyl esters of oils and fats. Biodiesel was produced from waste Cooking-oil by transesterification process have been applied for most countries to improve and raise the national energy return. Blends of WCOB and diesel were used instead of pure diesel fuel in diesel engine. However, the spray characteristic of the injected fuel depends on different parameters such as fuel injection pressure, the temperature of the injected fuel, ambient pressure, fuel viscosity, and fuel density.In internal combustion engines, such as the diesel engine used to conduct the experiment, a 20 mm window and a transparent glass box are used to facilitate the visualization of spray characteristics. The spray characteristics of the diesel/ waste cooking oil biodiesel blends fuel were studied experimentally at different injection pressure and temperature. Spray characteristics of biodiesel WCOB / diesel under various injection pressures of 150 to 300 bar and injection temperature of 25 to 275 oC have been measured and illustrated by sparing the fuel blends in a surrounding area using a high-speed Digital camera. In this work, the biodiesel/diesel blend of B40D60 has been tested. The experimental data shows the WCOB biodiesel of B40D60 gives longer spray tip penetration and spray angle are smaller than those of diesel fuels at different pressure and temperature.

Impact of fuel injection pressure on the engine characteristics of CRDI engine powered by pine oil biodiesel blend

Optimization of fuel injection strategies can maximize the utilization of biodiesel by addressing the issues concern with fuel consumption, engine performance, and exhaust gas emission. In the midst of the pervasiveness of plant-based biofuel, this paper focused on maximizing the pine oil biodiesel usage in a diesel engine having common rail direct injection (CRDI) system without any engine modifications. Pine oil derived from pine tree resins, has shown impressive fuel properties such as lower viscosity, flash point, boiling point and comparable calorific value to diesel. In this study, the impact of high fuel injection pressure on the engine characteristics of a diesel engine fueled by 30% pine oil biodiesel blend (P30) was analyzed. At standard 200 bar fuel injection pressure, the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of P30 biodiesel blend was decreased compared to sole diesel. To improve the utilization and performance of the P30 blend, fuel injection pressure increased from 200 bar to 350 bar at a step of 50 bar. The results show that BTE and combustion characteristics are improved with an increase in injection pressure. The P30 fuel exhibits maximum BTE of 26.1% at 350 bar which is 6.9% higher the BTE of diesel at 200 bar. Exhaust emissions (CO, HC & Smoke) decreased gradually with increase in fuel injection pressure due to high atomization of fuel, faster evaporation, and formation of the better air fuel mixture. At 100% load condition, the P30 blend shows a maximum decrease in CO and HC emission at 300 bar, which is 16.6% and 13.1% less respectively compared to sole diesel at 200 bar injection pressure. The NOx is increased by about 9.4% for P30 blend at 350 bar when compared to that of Diesel at 200 bar. Thus, the blending ratio of pine oil biodiesel in the diesel can be extended by increasing the fuel injection pressure.

Emission Characteristics of Preheating Corn oil biodiesel blend in CI engine

Speedy industry development and population growth have an outcome in the vigorous demand for energy. The disorganize consumption of fossil fuels has to lead to the destruction of petroleum fuels. The exhaust emission from diesel engines has caused the most important impact in troubling the environment. To rise above these harms, the focus is necessary for substitute supply. Many researchers are finding alternative fuel for fossil fuels. The substitute for petroleum products should be environmentally friendly, easily available and technically feasible. Biodiesel is derived from vegetable oils through the transesterification process. The properties of corn oil methyl ester blends were obtained are similar to diesel. However, the viscosity of biodiesel was high compared to diesel and it affects ignition delay it causes incomplete combustion. To preheat the fuel is necessary with the help of exhaust gas and it enhances the combustion process. In this experimental analysis diesel fuel, 20% Biodiesel + 80% Diesel and 40% Biodiesel + 60% Diesel at three different temperatures of fuels are 35°C, 45°C and 55°C is tested.

Influence of Rice Husk Nanoparticles on Engine Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel and Neem Oil Biodiesel Blends in a Single Cylinder Diesel Engine

ABSTRACT Nanofuel refers to the fuel that contains nanoparticles at very low concentrations. The addition of metallic nanoparticles had proven their effectiveness in improving the engine performance and reducing emissions of diesel/biodiesel blends fueled engines. However, the emission of these metallic nanoparticles themselves through exhaust gases to the atmosphere may cause adverse health hazards. The addition of organic nanoparticles on biodiesel is relatively a new concept, which has the potential of overcoming the toxic effects of metallic nanoparticles while imparting the benefits of using nanoparticles. In this research work, the effects of rice husk nanoparticles on engine performance and emission characteristics of diesel and neem oil biodiesel were investigated. Three base fuels (diesel, B10, and B20) and three nanoparticles added fuels (diesel+NP, B10+ NP, and B20+ NP) were prepared. Engine test was carried out in a 3.5 kW single-cylinder diesel engine. BTE, BSFC, and emissions of CO, HC, and NOx were determined for five different brake powers (no-load, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%). From the results, it was observed that the addition of rice husk nanoparticles increased BTE, reduced BSFC and reduced the emissions of CO, HC, and NOx, as compared to the corresponding base fuels. Therefore, the use of rice husk nanoparticles could be an efficient way of improving the engine performance and emission characteristics with diesel as well as biodiesel blends.

Reducing the Environmental Pollution from Diesel Engine Fuelled with Eco- Friendly Biodiesel Blends

Diesel engines are widely used for their low fuel consumption and better efficiency. Fuel conservation, efficiency and emission control are always the investigation points in the view of researchers in developing energy system. India to search for a suitable environmental friendly alternative to diesel fuel. The regulated emissions from diesel engines are carbon monoxide (CO), Hydrocarbons (HC), NOx and Particulate matter. It creates cancer, lungs problems, headaches and physical and mental problems of human. This paper focuses on the substitution of fossil fuel diesel with renewable alternatives fuel such as Biodiesel. Biodiesel is much clear than fossil diesel fuel and it can be used in any diesel engine without major modification. The experiment was conducted in a single-cylinder four-stroke water-cooled 3.4 kW direct injection compression ignition engine fueled with non-edible Pungamia oil biodiesel blends. The experimental results proved that up to 40% of Pungamia oil biodiesel blends give better results compared to diesel fuel. The AVL 444 di-gas analyzer and AVL 437 smoke meter are used to measure the exhaust emissions from the engine. The observation of results, non-edible Pongamia biodiesel blended fuels brake thermal efficiency (3.59%) is improved and harmful emissions like CO, unburned HC, CO2, Particulate matter, soot particles, NOx and smoke levels are 29.67%, 26.65%, 33.47%, 39.57%, +/- 3.5 and 41.03% is decreased respectively compared to the diesel fuel. This is due to biodiesel contains the inbuilt oxygen content, ignition quality, carbon burns fully, less sulphur content, no aromatics, complete CO2 cycle.

Combustion performance and emission characteristics on HCCI engine of waste plastic pyrolysis oil biodiesel blends with external PFI and vaporiser

ABSTRACT Analysis of plastic oil obtained from waste plastic through pyrolysis process, as an alternative to biodiesel is presented in this paper. The HCCI engine is considered for experimental validation of combustion performance and emission characteristics. To accumulate pyrolysis oil as fuel, the design modifications were made in external mixture formation on the existing computerised 4-stroke, single cylinder, water cooled, direct injection kirloskar diesel engine connected with eddy current dynamometer to satisfy HCCI conditions. HCCI engine can be worked on wide assortment of fuels beginning from diesel to different blends (WPPO 5%,10%,15% and 20% by volume) of biodiesel .The designed additional device connected to the engine is utilised for fuel vaporisation and mixture arrangement. In the experimental study, the combustion results were initiate to be of 39.69 % higher Rate of Heat Release (RoHR) for biodiesel HCCI as compared with diesel HCCI. Higher brake thermal efficiency (BTE) was found 37 % without exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) at WPPO 20 % biodiesel blend. And also found 50 % and 65 % reduction in NOx emission and 18 % and 28 % reduction in smoke opacity are obtained for biodiesel vapour induction without EGR and biodiesel vapour induction with 15 % EGR as compared with diesel fuel. The CO (0.34 %), and UHC (2.15 %) emissions are increases with 15 % EGR, but the emissions are within the standard limits specified by the emissions standards.

Optimization of palm oil biodiesel blends and engine operating parameters to improve performance and PM morphology in a common rail direct injection diesel engine

In this paper, the characteristics of five palm oil biodiesel blends (B0, B10, B20, B30, and B100) have been tested in a common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine with various EGR rates and pilot injection timings under 25% and 75% engine loads. The following were evaluated: combustion characteristics, including in-cylinder pressure, heat release rate (HRR), and mass fraction burned (MFB); engine performance parameters, including brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and coefficient of variation of the indicated mean effective pressure (COVimep); and emission characteristics, including CO, HC, NOx, PM and its morphology. By considering the combustion and emission characteristics, we found that the diesel engine fueled with B30 blend fuel with a 10% EGR rate, or with a pilot injection timing of 24° CA BTDC, can effectively reduce PM emissions and simultaneously keep NOx emissions at a low level. In addition, we found that the variations of the engine load and EGR rate, as well as the biodiesel blend ratio, have direct impacts on the PM particle diameter, shape, and other morphology.