Official Statistical Data Research Articles

Performance of GEDI data combined with Sentinel-2 images for automatic labelling of wall-to-wall corn mapping

Corn is the dominant crop planted in Northeast China, and its accurate and timely mapping is important for food security and agricultural management in China. However, the absence of enough labels is challenging for corn accurate mapping in a regional area using machine learning methods or deep learning methods. In this study, an efficient way of automatic labelling and mapping of corn planted areas by combining Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) data and Sentinel-2 images is proposed. We explore the height and vertical structure differences between corn and other crops derived from GEDI features and generate labels automatically by referencing crop type products and transferring models from historical years. The trained learning networks of automatic labelling from GEDI points and the trained decision trees of the Random Forest (RF) classifier can be transferred to corn mapping in arbitrary target years. The Sentinel-2 features are combined to perform wall-to-wall corn mapping using a random forest algorithm and GEDI-based labels. This approach is used to map corn planted areas in Northeast China from 2019 to 2022, and the classification results are validated using independent labels collected in field campaigns in 2023, published maps, and official statistics. Our classification results reveal that our proposed method achieves high accuracy and robustness with an average overall accuracy of 0.91 validated using testing labels from spatial-type stratified sampling. The correlation coefficient (R2) between our classified result with the official statistical data and published classification results reach 0.96 and 0.98, respectively. These results demonstrate the potential of GEDI data for automatic label collection for vegetation with height difference and provide a new approach for efficient crop mapping on a large-scale.

State family policy in the Russian Federation: socio-economic situation of families and trends in their life

The year 2024 has been declared by the head of state, President of Russia Vladimir Putin, the Year of the Family. As stated in the presidential decree, the decision was made in order to popularize state policy in the field of family protection and traditional values. It should be noted that in the XXI century in Russia, the Year of the Family was announced twice — in 2008 and in 2024. This indicates the special attention paid by the country’s leadership, political and State institutions and civil society institutions to this topic. In the Russian Federation, many government programs aimed at strengthening the institution of the family have been developed, created and implemented recently. And there are many reasons for this, including those that, unfortunately, are far from optimistic. Russia as a state and Russian society is faced with a number of social problems that threaten many of the established foundations, values, and the future of the country. As never before in the modern history of Russia, issues of social security are coming to the fore. Real threats loomed over the most important social institution — the family. In our state, the family is protected at the highest constitutional level. Article 38 of the basic law of our country establishes a direct norm — the protection of the family, motherhood and childhood by the State. At the government level, a whole system of indicators has been developed that are subject to constant monitoring in order to ensure the relevance of state policy in the social sphere and its continuous improvement. The article presents an analysis of the main problems of state family policy in Russia through the prism of the main socio-economic indicators. Official statistics data were used.

The impact of emigration on population decline in Croatia

In the last thirty years, the countries of south-eastern and eastern Europe have experienced significant population decline, and Croatia is no exception to that. This paper revisits the problem of depopulation in Croatia in the last two intercensal periods (2001?2011 and 2011?2021). The aim was to analyze the impact of emigration on depopulation in Croatia and investigate whether it had a greater impact on depopulation than natural decrease. Additionally, the aim was to investigate whether the number of emigrants was underreported in the official statistics. The results show that Croatia lost more population due to negative net migration than the official statistical data indicate. Recent migrations in Croatia did not only affect the population decline, but also age composition of the population, particularly in the last intercensal period due to emigration of families with children and population in their working and reproductive ages, as they composed a large proportion of emigrants. The paper provides an elaborate insight into the recent migration patterns in Croatia while highlighting the underestimation of the proportions of emigration from Croatia by the official statistics.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ПРОБЛЕМИ ДЕФІЦИТУ КАДРІВ НА РИНКУ ПРАЦІ НА ПРИКЛАДІ МЕБЛЕВОЇ ГАЛУЗІ

Modern russian-Ukrainian war deepened in February 2022 drastically reshaped the labour market, causing emigration and internal people displacement and as a consequence the significant workforce shortage for all industries, especially in manufacturing. Solving this problem is crucial for resolving several major challenges, including defence procurements. The relevance of this topic lies in on-date quantitative and qualitative analysis of labour market deficiencies during martial law. The aim of this article is to evaluate and analyse the labour market imbalance and workforce shortages in production industries, with a focus on the furniture industry, and to seek solutions to these problems. Observation disclosed that official statistical data is overdue and does not fully show the volume of the shortages. This article presents findings from the authors’ own research, scientific inquiries, reviews, surveys, and labour market monitoring by business communities and donor organizations. A survey of furniture industry enterprise representatives identified the distribution of personnel needs in production specialties across Ukrainian regions. In-depth interviews with industry experts provided diagnostic insights into the current state and prospects of the industry. The article also examines the trend of labour shortages across Ukraine’s labour market from the early months of the invasion to the present, using data from online job search portals. The increasing workforce shortage is illustrated through the furniture industry, with diagnostic conclusions about the industry’s state and prospects. The article develops recommendations for advancing the furniture industry and training new personnel for vacant production positions. Three options to address the labour market shortage are proposed: utilizing artificial intelligence and radical business process automation, attracting labour migrants from poorer countries, and establishing training and retraining centres. The initial results of testing the latter option for furniture companies demonstrate the approach’s potential. The article underscores the importance of addressing the personnel shortage issue for businesses and the state budget both now and in the coming years. The proposed measures can help overcome the labour market crisis, contribute to economic stabilization, and provide the necessary resources for the country’s recovery.

ТРАНСПОРТНЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ УКРАЇНСЬКОГО ЗЕРНОВОГО ЕКСПОРТУ

The article provides an overview of the current state of the domestic marine transport infrastructure as such, which provides transport services for cargo flows of export grain products. The provided analysis covers both the pre-war period and the wartime. The main mode of transport, which implements foreign trade deliveries of grain products, is maritime, which currently works with adjacent modes of transport that provide transportation of grain to sea ports – rail and road, their participation in grain transportation is analyzed. The volumes and dynamics of handling of export grain by sea ports of Ukraine are presented. The main "grain" ports of Ukraine were identified, which in pre-war times loaded up to 90 % of the total sea grain export to sea vessels. The most powerful grain terminals are located in Mykolaiv, Chornomorsk, Pivdenny and Odesa ports, which contributes to the acquisition and maintenance of leading positions by these ports in the market of handling of grain export. Changes in the transportation of grain export caused by the war, which were the result of the blockade of Ukrainian seaports, were emphasized. Partial restoration of the work of some ports became possible in June 2022 with the signing of the Black Sea Grain Initiative. Currently, from the very beginning of the fullscale invasion, the ports of Ukraine located on the Danube, remained unblocked – the main cargo flows of export grain fell to the port of Reni, Ust-Dunaisk and Izmail during the period when the ports of Big Odesa were not working, and their cargo turnover tripled. Today, grain is exported through the ports of Big Odesa (outside the Black Sea Grain Initiative); carriages through the Danube ports remains an alternative route – it is interesting and attractive for grain exporters who invest in technical and technological development and improvement of these ports. Publicly available statistics allow you to operate with indicators for the period until 2022; official statistical data were not made public during the war years.

ИННОВАЦИОННАЯ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ РОССИИ

This study analyzes the innovative economic transformation of the Russian Federation under the influence of Western sanctions and the Ukrainian crisis. The material for this study was official statistical data from government departments, which made it possible to determine the methods and mechanisms for the development of the country’s economy. Particular attention is paid to investment activities, as well as the import and export of goods from friendly countries. The article provides a detailed analysis of the results of industrial policy, identifies the most profitable industries and determines the infrastructure and hardware foundation for expanding production capacity. Resilience under sanctions pressure proves that Russia, as a country with rich resources and a vast territory, a population of almost 150 million people, with solid scientific and technical potential and a high level of industrialization, has the resources, capabilities and political tools to stabilize its economy and achieve a normal economic cycle.

ВЫСШЕЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ И ЕГО ВЛИЯНИЕ НА УРОВЕНЬ ДОХОДОВ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ РЕГИОНОВ

This article presents an analytical view on the role of higher education in shaping the income level of the population in different regions of the country. Based on official statistical data, data from sociological surveys and the results of research by scientists and specialists, an attempt has been made to assess the impact of higher education on changes in some indicators characterizing the standard of living of the population. In some regions of the country, higher education significantly increases income and provides broader career opportunities, while in others such an impact may be less pronounced due to the peculiarities of the local labor market and other socio-economic factors. Attention is paid to the study of practical and theoretical aspects of the issue, with the help of which the influence of the higher education factor on the well-being of the population is revealed. By the method of regression analysis, the influence of the factor of the share of the employed population with higher education in the total number of all employed was calculated on the indicator of the share of the population with incomes of more than 60 thousand rubles per month, and on the indicator of the share of the population whose per capita income is below the subsistence minimum established for each individual region. A fairly strong relationship has been revealed between the listed effective and factorial signs, which indicates a significant influence of the higher education factor on some indicators of the standard of living of the population. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that in different regions, the availability of higher education does not equally affect income levels, thereby emphasizing the importance of taking into account local economic realities and the specifics of the labor market.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ОТТОКА РУССКОЯЗЫЧНОГО НАСЕЛЕНИЯ ИЗ КАЗАХСТАНА В РОССИЮ НА РАЗВИТИЕ РОССИЙСКО-КАЗАХСТАНСКИХ МЕЖГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ ЧАСТЬ 1

The article hypothesizes that the emigration of the Russianspeaking population from Kazakhstan to Russia during the three decades after the breakup of the USSR had no significant impact on interstate relations between Russia and Kazakhstan. To verify that hypothesis, the authors conduct a four-stage study. In the first stage, based on annual data of the Russian official statistics, the minimum number of compatriots moving from Kazakhstan to Russia in 1991–2021 is established. In order to systematize the relevant data, the main indicators of migration movements between the two states for different years are summarized in a single array presented in tabular form. At the second stage, following the analysis of relevant data, a periodization of migration movements between the two states is developed, de facto reflecting the dynamics of outflow of the Russian-speaking population from Kazakhstan to Russia. At the third stage, in accordance with the presented periodization, they identify the main achievements and challenges that took place in the Russian-Kazakh interstate relations are identified, due to which the correlation between the nature of bilateral cooperation and the rate of outflow of Russian-speaking citizens from Kazakhstan to Russia. At the fourth stage, a conclusion is given about the degree of influence of the outflow of the Russian-speaking population from Kazakhstan to Russia on the dynamics of interaction between the two states. The results of the study showed that the above hypothesis was confirmed.

Methane reduction in Kazakhstan: Present situation and potential

The battle against methane emissions has evolved into a global mission, with 150 producing countries worldwide, including the United States, Canada, Germany, Australia, and others, pledging their commitment to the Global Methane Pledge. This new initiative was introduced in 2021 during COP26 in Glasgow, United Kingdom, as part of the ongoing efforts to implement the Paris Agreement. The primary objective of this Agreement is a collective endeavour to reduce methane emissions by 30% by the year 2030. In this article, the authors analyse current methane emissions and provide recommendations to the country’s government regarding its participation in the Global Methane Pledge by utilising official national statistical data and insights from the EIA and employing predictive modelling techniques.

Влияние фактора полиморбидности на прогноз пожизненных радиационных рисков смертности от злокачественных новообразований

The forecast of lifetime radiation risks in exposed cohorts is currently carried out without considering the heterogeneity of cohort members in terms of their degree of polymorbidity. Polymorbidity is characterized by a reduction in the life expectancy of a person in the presence of several chronic diseases. Therefore, considering the polymorbidity factor can significantly affect the estimate of lifetime radiation risk. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the polymorbidity factor of patients on the estimates of lifetime radiation risks of mortality from malignant neoplasms, as well as to compare the impact of polymorbidity factors and uncertainty of radiation doses on these estimates. To calculate the lifetime attributable radiation risk (LAR) per 1 mSv, the radiation risk models recommended by Publication 103 of the International Commission on Radiological Protection were used. The calculations are based on official medical and statistical data of 2021 for the Russian population. The effect of polymorbidity on human lifespan and on LAR estimates was considered using the classic Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). To assess the effect of the uncertainty of radiation doses on the LAR value, an example of a lognormal dose distribution with a standard geometric deviation of 2.2 (i.e., with a 90% uncertainty factor of 3.6) was chosen, which is typical for the population living in the areas of the Kaluga and Bryansk regions of Russia contaminated as a result of the Chernobyl accident. Simulation modeling was used to assess the effect of radiation dose uncertainty. It is shown that the variability of estimates of the lifetime radiation risk of mortality from malignant neoplasms due to the polymorbidity factor is comparable to the variability of this radiation risk due to the uncertainty of doses with an 90% uncertainty factor of 3.6. Thus, when calculating radiation risks in persons exposed to radiation, it is necessary to consider the presence or absence of chronic diseases, since this significantly affects the final assessments of radiation risks. Underestimation or overestimation of risk can be from 1.5 times or more.

The status of the term violencia de género in the modern Spanish language

The problem of gender-based violence is one of the key in the most modern societies including Spain. In the country where the tradition of patriarchal relations is rooted feminist organisations, nongovernment and state organisations are constantly fighting with the gender asymmetry. In addition, the topic of gender-based violence receives special attention in the Spanish media. There are even sections in leading newspapers named “Gender-based Violence” or “Domestic Violence”. The phenomenon of gender-based violence in the context of gender language policy is actively discussed. Spain is one of the leading countries in adopting progressive gender laws aimed to combat gender-based violence. This very active attitude towards the problem of gender-based violence contrasts with the language policy in this area. Analysis of the actual linguistic material, extralinguistic situation in the country, study of the data of official statistics allowed the author to come to the conclusion that in the modern Spanish reality there is an imbalance between extralinguistic factors (active struggle against gender-based violence, presence of progressive laws) and the same language, in which the term violencia de género has not yet been codified in the dictionary of the Royal Academy of the Spanish language (while in other dictionaries and glossaries the concept is interpreted). The combination violencia de género is widely used in the Spanish speech, in the scientific papers and in the Spanish media space, that is confirmed by the Spanish language database. Free interpretations of this term because of its absence in the main dictionaries do not help the society to understand the problem properly and eradicate it.

Compliance of migration sentiments of the South Ossetia population of rural areas with the UN sustainable development goals: analysis of social factors

The UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) UN General Assembly as “a blueprint for achieving a better and more sustainable future for all” are a common policy framework for developed, developing and poor countries. Despite active policies to implement the SDGs, achieving sustainable rural development still remains a pressing issue: for example, in many regions of the world there is an outflow of labor resources, which is a serious limitation for agricultural development. Purpose of the study: assessing the degree of influence of social factors on the migration of the rural population of South Ossetia in the period 1980-2023. The work used methods of statistical analysis and sociological research. Information base: official statistical data of Georgia and the Republic of South Ossetia, as well as data from three sociological surveys of 1980, 2010 and 2020. Main results: agriculture continues to be the most unattractive and low-paid area of employment in South Ossetia; the dominant factors of population migration from rural areas over the 40-year period of development of the region were unemployment, low incomes, underdeveloped social infrastructure. Conclusions: entering the trajectory of sustainable development of the region involves the comprehensive strategic development of the real sector of the republic’s economy, primarily agriculture, which has the highest potential for employment and financial and investment return. The strategy for sustainable development of rural areas should be based on using market opportunities and realizing the strengths of rural areas, as well as managing the risks of further migration and removing restrictions in the social sphere.

Toolkit for assessing the digital development potential of the energy sector of the economy

Digitalization of the energy sector is important for improving the reliability and safety, productivity, efficiency and sustainability of energy systems. However, the scale and speed of digital transformation are determined not only by the energy companies’ resource capabilities, but as well by the characteristics of the external environment that provide the conditions for digital development. This article is aimed at forming a toolkit for measuring the digital development potential of the energy sector of the economy. The key factors of digital development of the energy sector were identified as a result of bibliometric analysis of publications by means of VOSviewer toolkit. Content analysis and descriptive analysis were also used in the study. Official statistics data characterizing the development of the energy sector in Russia served as the information sources. The developed toolkit made enabled to assess the potential for digital development of the energy sector in terms of the following components characterizing the internal and external environment of the energy sector: energy sector digital maturity, energy sector resource readiness, digital maturity of supply chain participants, and digital development level of the region's / country's economy. The results of approbation revealed the possibilities of using the proposed toolkit to measure the potential for energy sector digital development. The results of the study proved that the prospects for digital transformation in the industry are determined not only by its digital maturity, but also by factors and conditions of the external environment.

Взаимосвязь воспроизводства населения с репродуктивным здоровьем женщин фертильного возраста в Красноярском крае.

Relevance. Problems of population reproduction and reproductive health of women of fertile age [1] attract much attention from both domestic and foreign researchers. Important demographic indicators that characterize population reproduction are fertility and mortality, the level of which significantly affects the population size, natural growth and determines the demographic situation not only of the territories, but also of the country as a whole [2]. Purpose of the study: to analyze literary sources and compare with official statistical data of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, both for the region with low population density, and separately for the western medical district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, fertility rates, women’s reproductive health, the frequency of abortions and the number of births. Material and methods. For an objective assessment, information was taken from Rosstat for the Krasnoyarsk Territory and data from dashboards of the situation center of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, data from the state report on the state of public health and health care activities in the Krasnoyarsk Territory in 2022, a retrospective analysis of medical documentation and state statistics materials was carried out with copying data. Results of the study. Over the past three years, negative changes have emerged in the demographic development of the Russian Federation, expressed in a decrease in the number of births and an increase in the number of deaths. Total fertility rate in Russia in 2020. amounted to – 9.8‰, in 2021. – 9.6‰, in 2022 – 8.9‰. In the Krasnoyarsk Territory in 2020. – 10.1‰, 2021 – 10.0‰, 2022 – 9.9‰ [3]. The indicator both for the country as a whole and for the Krasnoyarsk Territory did not reach the following values: 1980. – 15.9‰ and 1990 – 13.4‰. In the western medical district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the birth rate in 2020–12.4‰, in 2021–12.2‰ and in 2022 amounted to 12.0‰. The average age of women giving birth in Russia is 26 years in 2022, in the Krasnoyarsk Territory in 2022 it was 29.2 years and in the western medical district of the region – 29.5 years. The share of premature births among women who completed pregnancy increased over 5 years by 11.2% and in 2022 amounted to 5.8% in the Krasnoyarsk Territory as a whole, and in the western medical district of the region 5.4%. Population reproduction is largely related to women’s reproductive health. Conclusions. The relationship between population reproduction and the reproductive health of women of fertile age in the Krasnoyarsk Territory has been established, based on a study of literature data and statistical data for a region with low population density.

Closing the gap in methane emission from urban wastewater sewer system in China

Though urban sewer is an important CH4 emission source, it is impractical to assess overall CH4 emission from massive and closed underground sewer networks through either online or off-line measurements owing to the complexity in construction and operation of sewer systems and highly variable wastewater quality. Here, we develop a feasible method based on emission factors and official statistical data for overall CH4 estimation from sewers. By using this method, we show that the CH4 emissions from sewers in China was 0.6185 Tg in 2019 and the national mean of the per capita CH4 emission from sewers was 1361 g cap-1. We find that temperature significantly correlates with sewer CH4 emissions specified with population or sewage quantity. We further argue that economic growth and urban infrastructure management also affect the CH4 emissions from sewers or surface waters due to sewage leakage/discharge. Our proposed method is practical for the sewer CH4 estimation worldwide.

Domestic violence in rural Serbia: Etiological-phenomenological approach

The aim of the paper is to point out the etiological-phenomenological dimension of domestic violence in rural areas of Serbia. Although it reflects all the general characteristics of domestic violence, in the etiological and phenomenological sense, domestic violence in rural areas also has certain specifics that are important for a closer definition of the necessary prevention measures. Based on research conducted in rural areas around the world, the authors indicate in the paper that the causes of domestic violence in rural areas are the same in Serbia, namely traditional patterns of behavior, adopted cultural norms and geographical isolation. All forms of violence (physical, psychological, emotional and sexual) are present, as well as in urban areas of Serbia. However, violence in rural areas is much less often reported, due to the normalization of violence, the fact that everyone in small areas knows each other, shame, the presence of strong stereotypes, etc. The perpetrators of domestic violence coming from rural areas are most often men (in 90% of cases) and are mostly violent. Victims of domestic violence in rural areas are most often women, characterized by economic dependence, lack of personal income or property, the fact that they have nowhere to go. An additional problem is the lack of official statistical data on domestic violence in rural areas.

Multifactor model for assessing innovative potential based on fuzzy set theory.

The author analyses the classification of the methods for the evaluation of an enterprise’s innovative potential. According to the author, the most effective model taking into account the uncertainty factor is the model based on the theory of fuzzy sets. The model has obvious advantages in comparison with the expert and statistical methods of evaluation, since it allows us to minimize the evaluation errors. The scientific-practical value of the results consists in the possibility of their application in combination with the analysis of the official statistical data in the course of perfection of the state scientific and technical and innovative policy in the direction of a more intensive use of the scientific knowledge and achievements in the interests of modernization of the economy of Azerbaijan. The proposed approach can ensure an information integration of the subjects of the scientific organizations and be used for a complex research of the industrial, innovative and economic-administrative processes within the framework of the development of science.

РОЗВИТОК ДЕРЖАВНИХ КОРПОРАЦІЙ: УПРАВЛІННЯ ТА РЕЗУЛЬТАТИ

The study is devoted to the generalization of experience and the development of scientifically based applied recommendations for managing the development of state joint-stock companies. Abstract-logical, systemic-structural and comparative analysis, grouping, statistical-economic, systematization and generalization methods were used for the research. Retrospective analysis made it possible to establish that in Ukraine, the joint-stock form of management was developed with the adoption of a legislative framework, which was developed using experience and information on legal foundations in economically developed countries. The grouping of signs regarding the advantages and disadvantages of the management joint-stock form was carried out, and the most significant ones were determined. A comparison of corporate governance outsider and insider models as the most frequently used in the countries of the world is made. Characterization of these models’ elements made it possible to establish significant discrepancies. The Ukrainian model of corporate governance uses elements of outsider and insider models, which reflects its specificity, including in the legislative framework. The provisions of the Ukraine new Law «On Joint-Stock Companies», effective from 01.01.2023, required changes to bring the management of corporations closer to international norms, which was implemented in the newest legislative framework from 03.05.2024. With the use of official statistical data, the dynamics of the decrease in the number of state-owned enterprises, their structure according to organizational and legal forms, and insignificant financial results of activity have been established. The rating of state corporations by the size of the share capital showed that the largest joint stock companies belong to the energy sector, as well as transport and communication. Of the TOP-5 state corporations, only three enterprises pay dividends according to the established norm, but all entities have mostly low-level financial indicators. It is proposed to increase the efficiency of management and results of state corporations on the basis of taking into account detailed external and internal factors of the precrisis state, as well as the introduction of an anti-crisis management mechanism, the components of which differ depending on the state of the economy. In particular, the developed external and internal factors are recommended to be used in the period of a stable state of the economy, in the period of the pre-crisis state - measures for the recovery or restructuring of joint-stock companies, and in the conditions of a crisis state - an anti-crisis strateg

ДИНАМИКА И СТРУКТУРА АБОРТОВ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ И ДАЛЬНЕВОСТОЧНОМ ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОМ ОКРУГЕ В 2003-2022 ГОДАХ

Significance. A high medical and social significance of abortions is due to high prevalence and substantial contribution to reproductive loss, maternal mortality and gynecological morbidity, including infertility. The purpose of the study was to analyze dynamics and structure of abortions in the Russian Federation and Far Eastern Federal District and its regions in 2003-2022. Material and methods. The study analyzed official statistics data (Federal statistical observation Form No. 13 “Information about pregnancy termination (up to 28 weeks of gestation),” and “Information about pregnancy termination (up to 22 weeks of gestation) - for the period from April 2012, in the Russian Federation, Far Eastern Federal District and its regions in 2003-2022. Dynamic series indicators (ratio indicators, growth rate, rate of increase/decrease) were calculated, the methods of direct ranking, descriptive statistics were used. Results. In 2003-2022, there was a decrease in the number of all types of abortions in the Far Eastern Federal District, as well as in the Russian Federation as a whole – by 71.32% and 76.4%, respectively. At the same time, the absolute number of medical (legal) abortions has significantly decreased: by 80.6% (from 89,564 in 2003 to 17,376 in 2022) in the Far Eastern Federal District and by 86.7% (from 1349,652 to 179,387) in the Russian Federation. However, in the Far Eastern Federal District, as in the Russian Federation as a whole, the share of medical abortions in the structure of medical (legal) abortions increased from 0.02% to 44.0%, and the share of spontaneous abortions of the total number of abortions increased from 9.4% to 20.0%. Conclusion. In 2003-2022, the number of all types of abortions decreased in both the Far Eastern Federal District and the Russian Federation as a whole, however, their level remains high. The decrease in the number of abortions is accompanied by an unfavorable change in their structure, with the increasing share of spontaneous abortions as the main sign of reproductive system disfunction. Keeping in mind that miscarriage is the main cause of reproductive loss, prevention and successful treatment of this pathology is an actual reserve for increasing fertility.

ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЯ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ СФЕРИ В КОНТЕКСТІ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ ДЕРЖАВИ

The study is devoted to the scientific substantiation of the need for digitalisation of the social sphere and improvement of the processes of providing social services, guarantees and payments on this basis as part of ensuring the economic security of Ukraine against the background of negative economic and geopolitical factors of influence and deterioration of the general operating environment. Within the framework of the purpose of the scientific research and on the basis of the method of theoretical generalisation, the practical value of digitalisation of the social sphere is argued through the prism of automation and simplification of procedures for providing social services and benefits, optimisation of their implementation costs and time saving for each participant in social relations. Based on the method of comparison, the author identifies the problems of functioning of the social sphere within the framework of digitalisation. The author analyses the amount of budget expenditures for the implementation of such measures. The main purpose and a qualitatively new approach to the implementation of social sector tasks within the mechanism of functioning of the Unified Information System of the Social Sphere of Ukraine (hereinafter - UISSS) are argued and systematised. Using the method of analysis, synthesis and tabular method, the author examines the official statistical data on the functioning of the "Edupomoha" application and, on this basis, assesses the results of the UISSS. The application of the synthesis method made it possible to identify the main existing and future risks of the digitalisation of the social sphere in Ukraine. The abstract and logical method for summarising the research results provided a set of proposals and ways to minimise the negative consequences of such risks. The graphical method allowed to visually present the essence and interrelationships of the elements of the model of the social sphere digitalisation ecosystem, and also identified the priority basis for its effective functioning. The submitted proposals can be selected as the basis for the development and implementation of effective management decisions and measures in the selected areas, procedures and tools to improve the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the implementation of the principles of the social sphere.