Official Speeches Research Articles

THE CONCEPT OF "FAIR KAZAKHSTAN" AND ITS REFLECTION IN THE RHETORIC OF SENIOR CIVIL SERVANTS (BASED ON CONTENT ANALYSIS)

Paper based on evaluation the representation concept of «Fair Kazakhstan» in speeches the public servants of high level. Such analysis is interesting as part of communication component by construction the ideological landscape of Kazakhstan. The attractiveness the idea of building a «Fair Kazakhstan» based on fact that we are talking about a process, its implementation does not have a hard deadline. Risk is following, public servants as bearers this idea should to offer new initiatives for society that bringing us closer to the «ideal» future. The research methods are case studies and content analysis, that evaluating frequency and context of use the concept in official speeches. The results show the dynamics of changes from 2019 to 2024, which indicates political and social transformations in Kazakhstan. The findings of the article highlight the role of civil servants in promoting and implementing the concept of a «Fair Kazakhstan», and also indicate the need for further research in the field of political science and sociology for a deeper understanding of this phenomenon.

Geopolitics in the South Caucasus: The dynamics of regional rivalry between Turkey and Iran after the Second Karabakh War

After the Second Karabakh War, the rivalry between Turkey and Iran for influence and positions in the South Caucasus has intensified. While there is a number of works focusing on Turkish-Iranian relations in the South Caucasus, the dynamics of their confrontational interaction in the region in the post-conflict period have not yet been examined. The relevance of the study is conditioned by the increased role of both Turkey and Iran in the contemporary geopolitics of the South Caucasus and their influence on the complex political and economic processes in the region. In the article, the author traces the strategy of both countries in the South Caucasus and highlights the negative impact of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict on the regional interests of the two countries. The study draws on historical data and a comparative study of the political and economic strategies of both Turkey and Iran in the South Caucasus, based on official documents, speeches of government officials, and international reactions to the actions of both countries in the region. Based on the data presented, the author concludes that there is a growing rivalry between Turkey and Iran in the South Caucasus. Based on their rich historical ties to the region, these countries are making efforts to realise their geopolitical interests. The conflict of interests between Turkey, which seeks to strengthen its influence in the South Caucasus by supporting Azerbaijan, and Iran, which strives to maintain its sphere of regional influence by further developing strategic partnership relations with Armenia, may increase tension and confrontation in the region.

Radiating Truthiness: Authenticity Performances in Politics in Brazil and the United States

Political authenticity is connected to higher levels of political trust from electorates and can influence political outcomes, but it is often overlooked as a relevant factor for electoral behavior. To date, discussions of how authenticity appears and changes in politics typically remain at the theoretical level and are rarely comparative. This article develops a framework to identify and compare how authenticity is performed in political discourses over time and across settings by politicians. To demonstrate the usefulness of the framework, this article investigates authenticity performances in 21,496 political texts of electoral debates, interviews, campaigns, and official speeches by presidents and presidential candidates in Brazil and the United States since 1988. The findings indicate that authenticity is generally performed with greater frequency by presidents and presidential candidates in Brazil than in the United States, though authenticity performances are not more prevalent during election years in either country.

Back to the Future? Rishi Sunak's Industrial Strategy

AbstractSince becoming Prime Minister, Rishi Sunak has been variously described as pursuing a ‘furtive’, ‘surreptitious’ and ‘apologetic’ industrial strategy. Terms such as industrial policy and industrial strategy have been expunged from official speeches and policy documents, yet industrial intervention remains widespread. In adopting this approach, the article argues that Sunak has returned the UK to an industrial policy consensus established under Thatcherism. This consensus places in the foreground pro‐market rhetoric and policies suggesting that industrial strategy should be limited to the correction of market failure, while in the background the state actively intervenes to shape the structure of the economy by ‘picking winners’. In following this approach, Sunak has a legitimate claim to be the heir to Thatcher's legacy, although not in the manner that either its celebrants or critics believe.

Taking intra-executive politics into public arenas? Analysis of presidential speeches in six semi-presidential European countries

Although public communication is a key aspect of political leadership, there is no systematic comparative research on the speeches of presidents in European semi-presidential countries. In such regimes, constitutionally weaker presidents are tempted to use the public podium for increasing their influence, potentially igniting intra-executive quarrels that debilitate decision-making. To gauge this general dynamic, this article analyses the official speeches of Czech, Finnish, French, Polish, Portuguese and Romanian presidents between 2000 and 2020. It first explores the ‘politicalness’ of presidents’ public activity through the general tone and the share of references to economy in the speeches. It then examines how societal conditions, party-political dynamics and public opinion impact the tone and content of presidential addresses. Presidents largely adopt a positive or neutral tone even during cohabitation or economic downturn, but occasionally intervene in issues under the government’s jurisdiction. The results highlight the complex and precarious nature of semi-presidentialism.

USA Policy Towards United Nations: The Case of UN PKOs in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Introduction. This article examines United States policy towards United Nations Peacekeeping Operations (UN PKOs) by analyzing the U.S. position towards peacekeeping operations in the Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo, DRC) to trace the evolution and specific features of this policy over time. The article attempts to answer the question: is U.S. policy toward UN PKOs defined by only national interest, or is there more to it? Methods and materials. The article analyzes U.S. official speeches and documents, UN official documents related to peacekeeping operations in the Democratic Republic of Congo, American foreign policy doctrines, and academic literature on U.S. foreign policy, U.S.-UN relations, and UN PKOs in the DRC. Analysis. American policy towards UN peacekeeping operations in Congo in 1960–1964 and 1999–2022 is analyzed to identify the main trends in the USA’s approach toward UN PKOs. Results. The article concludes that U.S. policy towards the United Nations is defined by the combination of the national interest of the country and the ideas of American exceptionalism. Authors’ contributions. D. Pushkina defined the research focus of the article, examined academic literature on UN PKOs in Congo and relevant documents, and defined the main vectors of the research. R. Kalina examined academic literature about U.S.-UN relations, analyzed official U.S. statements on UN peacekeeping operations in Congo, and made conclusions.

COMPARISON OF THE SPEECH TEXTS OF INDONESIAN PRESIDENT JOKO WIDODO AND PRESIDENT SUSILO BAMBANG YUDHOYONO: STUDY USING A CORPUS LINGUISTIC APPROACH

Purpose: This research has several objectives. First, determine lexical density and compare the lexical density. Second, to determine the key lexical density and compare the key lexical density. Third, to test the independence of the relationship between lexical variations and the text of President Joko Widodo's and President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's speeches. Theoretical Reference: The theoretical basis used in this research is the lexical analysis approach in linguistics. The application of lexical perspective analysis is expected to be able to review the communication used by each individual. The theoretical lexical discussion will also use a statistical independence analysis approach. The application of a statistical independence analysis approach is used to review a person's individual language abilities. Method: This research uses a qualitative and quantitative corpus linguistics approach. The corpus linguistic application used in this research is the KORTARA application (Korpus Nusantara). The research data is a corpus of 9 texts of President Joko Widodo's speeches and a corpus of 9 texts of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono which are official speeches every 16 August before the DPR of the Republic of Indonesia. Results and Conclusion: The results of this research reveal that the text corpus of President Joko Widodo's speech is richer and more varied than the text corpus of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's speech in lexical use. This research also revealed that there is a relationship between lexical variation and the type of text of the President of the Republic of Indonesia's speech with a confidence level of 95%. The difference in lexical variation and frequency between the text corpus of President Joko Widodo's speech and the text corpus of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's speech is statistically significant at p < 0.05. Implication of Research: The implication of this research is the realization of the KORTARA corpus linguistic approach (Korpus Nusantara) which can facilitate research for small and large scale data. This research also reveals that the application of a statistical approach provides maximum results in the analysis of large-scale linguistic phenomena. Originality/value: The current study makes a valuable empirical contribution by combining statistical analysis using corpus and qualititative analysis to give comprehensive conclusion. This study is the answer toward the question about the reliability and validity of linguistic studies.

Comparing the language style of heads of state in the US, UK, Germany and Switzerland during COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic posed a global threat to nearly every society around the world. Individuals turned to their political leaders to safely guide them through this crisis. The most direct way political leaders communicated with their citizens was through official speeches and press conferences. In this report, we compare psychological language markers of four different heads of state during the early stage of the pandemic. Specifically, we collected all pandemic-related speeches and press conferences delivered by political leaders in the USA (Trump), UK (Johnson), Germany (Merkel), and Switzerland (Swiss Federal Council) between February 27th and August 31st, 2020. We used natural language analysis to examine language markers of expressed positive and negative emotions, references to the community (we-talk), analytical thinking, and authenticity and compare these language markers across the four nations. Level differences in the language markers between the leaders can be detected: Trump’s language was characterized by a high expression of positive emotion, Merkel’s by a strong communal focus, and Johnson’s and the Swiss Federal Council by a high level of analytical thinking. Overall, these findings mirror different strategies used by political leaders to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic.

COVID‐19 and 2020 presidential election speeches: A content analysis of pandemic campaign rhetoric

AbstractThis study examines how public health issues were communicated during the 2020 US presidential campaign, particularly those concerning the global COVID‐19 pandemic. Using content analysis, we examined the available campaign speeches of the two major candidates, Donald Trump and Joseph R. Biden. We examined how the candidates discussed the COVID‐19 pandemic and vital areas of public health in those speeches. Analysis of these speeches found little discussion on healthcare in general and little to no discussion on the vital areas of public health. We also found that COVID‐19 statements were not as prevalent as we anticipated, given the unprecedented scope of the pandemic. Even during a pandemic, public health matters received very little attention during a Presidential campaign. Public health topics accounted for less than 1% of the content in candidates' official speeches. Given that elites help increase knowledge of public health concerns and influence policy, the lack of attention given to the pandemic in the 2020 general election cycle is surprising, if not alarming.

Metafora i metonimija u eufemizmima u zvaničnim izjavama kraljice Elizabete II

Though well recognised as devices used in the formation of euphemisms, metaphor and metonymy as such remain under-researched in current literature. Our study examines the use of euphemistic language in the official speeches and statements of the former British monarch, Queen Elizabeth II. The goal is to identify euphemisms and explain the metaphors and metonymies used in their formation, drawing on the Conceptual Metaphor and Metonymy Theory and Critical Metaphor Analysis. Metaphor and metonymy account for the formation of most of the analysed euphemisms. We argue that the analysed metaphors are motivated by the ideological concepts of (a) the struggle for survival and (b) materialism, as well as by the intent to positively evaluate certain political and everyday endeavours. The analysed metonymies are motivated by the intent to highlight more desirable or less undesirable aspects of events and things.

The role of internal communication in the formation of the mental image of Libyan universities from the point of view of their employees by applying to "Bani Walid University"

The importance of the study stems from the role of internal communication in shaping the mental image of Libyan universities from her staff’s point of view. Applying to "Bani Walid University" and finding the most important means of communication that can shape the university’s good mind image obstacles and difficulties in applying this good image، The researcher in this study relied on the average random sample of "58" singles. Based on systems theory, it is a descriptive study. The questionnaire and interview format were used as data collection tools. This study aimed to achieve a set of goals, the most important of which are the following: 1- Knowledge of internal communication's role in shaping Bani Walid University's mental image. 2- Identification of the most widely used organizational communication patterns at Bani Walid University. 3- Identification of obstacles to forming the mental image of the University of Bani Walid. The study produced a series of findings, the most important of which are: 1- The study results showed that the most used pattern of organizational communication was "48.2%" upward communication. 2- The results of the study confirmed that the most automated means used by the University in internal communication "81%" of official speeches. 3- The study results found that the necessary contacts for the functioning of the University were "60.3%" official. Keywords: Internal communication, mental image-staff, Libyan Universities.

"ПРАВОВЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ВЕДЕНИЯ ИНТЕРНЕТ-РЕСУРСОВ ПРЕДСТАВИТЕЛЬНЫХ ОРГАНОВ МЕСТНОЙ ВЛАСТИ В УЗБЕКИСТАНЕ И КАЗАХСТАНЕ"

"The article provides a comparative legal analysis of the organizational and legal basis for maintaining the Internet resources of representative local authorities in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan, ensuring the openness of their activities. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the websites of some representative local authorities do not contain all the information specified in the legislation, including information about their meetings; broadcasting of meetings is not provided; some information is not updated; and social networking opportunities are not used to broadcast meetings. It was hypothesized that in order to eliminate existing shortcomings, it is necessary to clarify the list of information on the activities of representative bodies of local government, taking into account their characteristics. The content of the relevant norms of national legislation, the interpretation of terms, and the experience of foreign countries confirmed the hypothesis. The author proposed to include in the list of information posted on the websites of representative bodies of local authorities information about official speeches and official statements of their leaders, standing committees and deputies, information messages, press releases aimed at notifying the population about the dates of meetings of representative bodies of local authorities and their working bodies, minutes of open meetings of representative bodies of local government and their working bodies, the results of hearing reports, and information on the activities of representative bodies of local government, its standing commissions, and deputies. "

Modernization of Primary Healthcare: Efficiency of Social Policy in the Post-Soviet State

The national security depends on the health of the population, which, in its turn, depends on the healthcare system. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia focused on the primary healthcare. The goals, tools, and results of the reforms that have taken place in the last three decades are usually considered from the point of view of law, economic feasibility, or organizational effectiveness. The author applied the historical and political approach to these reforms, thus evaluating their ability to preserve and increase human health. Fertility, morbidity, and mortality usually serve as national health criteria. The research relied on regulatory legal acts, speeches of senior government officials, official statistics, and sociological surveys. Demographic problems and budget deficits proved to be the main reasons behind the post-Soviet reforms, which transferred some material obligations from the federal to the local level and expended the scope of commercial medicine. Part of the financial burden moved from expensive specialized hospitals (secondary healthcare) to cheaper polyclinic and preventive medicine (primary healthcare). Federal budget expenditures decreased as patient capacity and the number of medical organizations went down and the productivity of primary healthcare went up. However, the national mortality and morbidity kept growing. The current diagnostic preventive healthcare model concentrates on primary healthcare: it reduces financial expenditures but fails to solve the demographic problems.

The European Political Community: A Polish perspective

This article seeks to investigate the birth and evolution of the European Political Community – a pan-European multilateral coordination format that has emerged at the initiative of France and in reaction to the Russian full-scale military aggression in Ukraine. The analysis draws on official speeches, think-tank briefs, and the Author’s participatory observation conducted during international expert meetings held in early 2023. It is argued that the EPC is still a “moving target” in the early stage of development, where both its objectives and structure are not yet fully defined. From a Polish perspective, it has so far sent a key strategic message to Russia and can serve as a vehicle to re-engage with the United Kingdom or Turkey. But it should not be used as yet another ENP-style waiting room for candidates seeking EU membership.

Themes and ideologies in China’s diplomatic discourse – a corpus-assisted discourse analysis in China’s official speeches

Diplomatic discourse is a formalized form of political communication that significantly influences a country’s international perception. However, there is a research gap in the analysis of China’s diplomatic discourse, particularly in relation to the speeches available on the official Chinese Foreign Ministry website. This study aims to address this gap by conducting a quantitative and qualitative analysis of China’s diplomatic speeches. This study utilizes a quantitative corpus-assisted discourse analysis to explore the prevalent themes in China’s official speeches. Additionally, qualitative discourse analysis is employed to examine the ideologies manifested in specific examples from the official speeches. The research combines a corpus-based approach with critical discourse analysis to investigate language use, discourse practices, and social practices. The analysis of China’s diplomatic discourse reveals several key themes related to President Xi Jinping’s leadership, international relations, and future community and economy. The findings provide valuable insights into China’s diplomatic strategies and its international image, emphasizing its commitment to cooperation, development, and peace. This research contributes to a better understanding of China’s diplomatic discourse and its role in shaping international perceptions of the country. By highlighting the prevalent themes and ideologies in China’s official speeches, the study emphasizes China’s commitment to fostering positive international relations. The findings offer valuable insights into China’s diplomatic strategies and its efforts to shape its international image.

Первая речь члена парламента как жанр парламентского дискурса: функциональный аспект

Introduction. The paper focuses on the genre of a maiden speech, which is the first official speech of a newly elected parliamentarian. The relevance of the research is due to the fact that no special studies of this genre have been presented in the linguistic literature so far.
 Aim. The study aims at discovering and describing the functional features of a maiden speech. 
 Methodology and research methods. The methods used in the work include the descriptive method, the methods of discursive, contextual, functional and stylistic analysis.
 Results. As a result of the study, the following main functions of a maiden speech are identified: the functions of presentation, social identification and solidarity, the performative function, the functions of orientation, differentiation and confrontation. Special features and means of implementing each of the functions are considered. It is concluded that a maiden speech is a “hybrid” speech genre, in which the signs of ritual genres are combined with the signs of orientational genres; the features of agonal genres can also be found in a maiden speech.
 The scientific novelty of this study lies in the functional approach to the description of the speech genre under consideration.
 The practical significance of the paper is determined by the fact that its results can be used in the courses of lectures on political linguistics, discourse theory, genristics and rhetoric.

Media representation of immigration in the Chilean written press during 2015–2019

ABSTRACT The current migration flows in Chile have undergone changes and transformations that have impacted the country and its public policies, which, in turn, has echoed in the media. By employing media framing and a longitudinal content analysis of the media corpus, the main objective of this article is to critically scrutinize media frames of immigration in Chilean local written press during 2015–2019. The analysis results demonstrate that the three newspapers represent immigration based on the statistical frames and public policies. The first frame places the phenomenon of immigration quantitatively, stating its existence and importance in terms of supposed massiveness. The second frame allows qualitatively characterizing the phenomenon, establishing it as a problem for the state regarding public policies. The study demonstrates little media pluralism in the corpus. It concludes that the three newspapers follow a similar media agenda on immigration by reproducing official speeches directly related to the dominant political agenda.

The Idea of Digital Currency for India based on Blockchain Technology: A Conceptual Study

This paper aims to explain the idea of digital currency, its prospects in the Indian context, its role in digital transformation, and how it would be beneficial to our country, businesses, and different user segments. As in the phase of digital transformation, a constant improvement in technology is happening day by day globally. In today's virtual world, where everything is on its way forward, why should we not develop our economy accordingly so that we will be able to strengthen ourselves globally? And we had to begin the work of transformation by converting our currency to digital mode, i.e., digital currency, which is accessible in virtual or electronic form rather than physical.
 The paper opted for an exploratory study using existing literature, case studies, books, electronic resources, speeches of various officials of the central bank, and experts on national as well as international platforms, which gave clarity on some of the core elements involved in digital currency, like the concept of blockchain with its kinds and segments like wholesale & retail and also with use case data in different counties across the globe, strengths, and weaknesses; initial coin offerings (ICO); and central bank digital currency (CBDC).
 In this paper, data were complemented by documentary analysis, in which literature like the concept note of the Reserve Bank of India, the discussion paper of the Bank of England, and existing literature regarding centrally backed currency were studied for the clarity of the above work through figures like the money flower issued by the BIS (Bank for International Settlements). The paper concludes with discussion, suggestions, and future directions, with the conclusion that the user segments for the virtual currency backed by a central bank are classified.

NON-PROLIFERATION ISSUE IN THE NUCLEAR POLICY OF THE USA IN THE 21ST CENTURY: ANALYSIS OF BASIC DOCUMENTS

The article is devoted to the study of the evolution of the nuclear policy of the United States of America in the field of non-proliferation in the XXI century. It is noted that the USA, as one of the first nuclear powers, pays considerable attention to this issue in order to maintain the stability of the non-proliferation regime and international security. Based on the methodology of content analysis and qualitative methodology, the principles, priorities, and primary methods of the strategy of the administration of the White House regarding countering nuclear proliferation are determined on the basis of the fundamental documents of the USA, speeches of officials, and researchers. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to study the basic elements of the US nuclear non-proliferation policy and assess how successful this policy is considered to be, in particular, based on the examples of Iran and North Korea. In order to achieve this goal, the study gradually reveals changes in the security environment in the context of the threat of proliferation of nuclear weapons and means of delivery, and how this affects the policies of the US presidents’ administrations. Through the prism of such documents as the Nuclear Policy Review and the National Security Strategy of the United States, the main threats are defined, and therefore the priorities and concepts that form the general strategy of Washington to counter the proliferation of WMD. The article shows that in the XXI century, among the main threats to both the United States, its allies and partners, as well as the non-proliferation regime in general, attention is significantly focused on the problems associated with the existence and development of nuclear and missile programs of such states as Iran and North Korea. Therefore, the author analyses how official Washington elaborates a strategy towards the nuclear weapons proliferation problem, how the approaches of different administrations to counter these threats are changing, and which methods and approaches were used. In order to understand, how successful the strategy of individual administrations of US presidents was, the assessments of leading researchers and their arguments are studied. The conclusions summarize the results of the conducted research and reveal the author’s vision of the problem.

Senior official speeches and severe price discontinuities in the foreign exchange market

Purpose This study aims to better understand the effects of speeches as a valuable communication tool for central banks. It extends the analysis of the effects of public speeches on jumps to determine whether individual speakers matter partly because of their name, position or institution. Design/methodology/approach This study detects intraday jumps using a robust-to-jump volatility estimator that accounts for deterministic seasonality. As a result, this study removes spurious jumps that occur when volatility is high and consider the relatively small jumps that occur when volatility is low. After identifying jumps, this study examines their reactions to senior official speeches and macroeconomic news surrounding the US and European Union (EU) financial crises. Findings Despite having the most influential individual speakers, this study finds that the impact of the Federal Reserve (Fed) and European Central Bank (ECB) is mitigated because the two institutions have a relatively small impact on currency jumps. This finding shows that the speaker’s name is more important than his or her institution affiliation. While the Federal Reserve Bank President and Chief Executive, as well as ECB board members, significantly reduce jump sizes, particularly during the EU crisis period, both the Fed Chairman and the ECB President increase the magnitude of the jump in both the US crisis and noncrisis periods, contributing to market instability. Practical implications The implications of the results include international portfolio management, currency derivatives pricing and hedging, risk management and market efficiency. Originality/value The findings contribute to a better understanding of the effects of senior official speech attributes on currency jumps in various economic states. The results raise questions about the speaker’s name, institution and position’s effectiveness in calming markets and reducing uncertainty.