Official Resources Research Articles

Traditional Justice System of the Harijan Community in Rajshahi, Bangladesh

The main objective of this research was to examine the characteristics of the traditional justice delivery system utilized by the Harijan community in Rajshahi, Bangladesh, and to illustrate its status along with the roles of judicial services within this community. The study focused on a Harijan colony in Rajshahi district namely the I.D. (Infectious Disease) Ambagan Harijan Palli. A mixed-method approach was employed, which included a social survey involving 110 heads of households using a semi-structured questionnaire to gather quantitative data. Additionally, qualitative data were collected through 20 in-depth interviews (IDIs), 10 key informant interviews (KIIs), and 1 focus group discussion (FGD). The findings indicated that a significant number of Harijan individuals had never engaged with the court or judiciary system, revealing a biased role of the Panchayat or Samaj in maintaining law and order, as they were unable to safeguard the Harijan community from attacks by influential individuals and outsiders. Nevertheless, the results also indicated that many Harijan people expressed satisfaction with their traditional justice system. Furthermore, the study identified various barriers that hinder access to the formal justice system. These findings are expected to serve as a valuable resource for government officials, NGO leaders, legal practitioners, and development professionals.

Penguatan Kelembagaan Bumdes Sejahtera Desa Darunu Kecamatan Wori, Kabupaten Minahasa Utara Melalui Penyusunan Awal Laporan Keuangan

Village-Owned Enterprises or BUMDes Sejahtera Darunu Village, located in Wori District, North Minahasa Regency, still faces various obstacles in optimal financial management. The main problems include limited knowledge related to the management of cash inflows and outflows as well as limited understanding of human resources (HR) of village officials in preparing financial reports. In addition, this BUMDes does not yet have a basic financial report as a guideline for financial operations. Thus, this research aims to strengthen the BUMDes Sejahtera institution through the preparation of standardized initial financial statements. The research used descriptive qualitative methods by collecting data through interviews and direct observation. The participatory and applied nature of the research also helped researchers play an active role in providing training and mentoring for BUMDes administrators. The data obtained was then analyzed in three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that this institutional strengthening initiative had a positive impact on the initial understanding of BUMDes management in preparing financial statements. The program successfully produced several important financial reports, such as the 2023 Balance Sheet, 2023 Profit and Loss Statement, and 2024 Current Profit and Loss Statement. Hopefully, this institutional strengthening will be implemented sustainably to advance BUMDes Sejahtera and provide optimal benefits for the progress of Darunu Village.

The place of strategic ecological communications in change management (based on the national project “Ecological Well-Being”)

Comprehensive improvement of the state of the environment is currently the subject of government decisions, programs and projects in Russia. This affects the interests of various audiences: business, the public, federal and regional influence groups, and hence requires strategic communications aimed at explaining, expanding the number of supporters, uniting efforts, legitimizing the governmental decisions, and changing the behavior of the audiences. The purpose of the study is to analyze the place of strategic environmental communications in the action program for the implementation of state environmental strategies. The author relies on theoretical studies of Russian and foreign authors on this issue. In the practical part, she analyzes communications in the process of forming the national project “Ecological Well-Being”. The results of the conducted study of the media and official resources of state authorities allow to consider several communicative models of behavior: public and non-public. The stage of formation of the national project is accompanied by non-public communication, which creates certain risks when information is released into the public space, since criticism and disagreement with the adoption of relevant decisions may arise from various groups. The author offers a list of possible conflict topics and examines the features of the formation of strategic environmental communications, based on M. Harvell’s matrix.

Examining the role played by resources, goals and orientations in primary teachers’ decision- making for problem-solving lesson plans

The decisions that teachers make in transforming the curriculum into specific lesson plans determine the real enactment or otherwise of curricular ideals. These decisions are shaped by the resources available and by each teacher’s goals and orientations. This exploratory study employs Schoenfeld’s decision-making model to examine how resources, goals and orientations influence lesson planning for mathematics problem solving, for different profiles of primary teachers in Chile. To this purpose, a survey was conducted among 40 teachers of varying degrees of ability and experience: some were beginning teachers, others were experienced but had no further training in teaching problem solving and a third group was composed of experienced teachers with specific training in this question. Interviews with two teachers from each profile revealed important differences between the three groups. Beginning teachers relied more heavily on official resources such as the official curriculum and standard textbooks, aligning themselves with school requirements. Experienced teachers with problem solving training demonstrated a strong inclination towards teaching through a problem solving approach. While beginning teachers acknowledged the importance of promoting problem solving strategies, they did not usually adapt problems to the mathematical content or to the age/competence of their students. Interestingly, all three groups under-utilised sections of curricular resources that emphasise the present curricular focus on problem solving. Finally, the study found that experience alone is not enough to develop a problem solving approach and that focused professional development programmes are needed to equip teachers with the necessary skills. In addition, a diagnostic teaching approach should be incorporated into initial teacher training.

Modelling the Unit Property Prices in Türkiye Employing Deep Learning Methods

The real estate market in Türkiye has witnessed significant growth and complexity in recent years necessitating advanced modelling techniques for accurate property price predictions. This paper presents a comprehensive study on the application of deep learning networks to model unit property prices across Türkiye, with a specific emphasis on its three major cities: Istanbul, Ankara, and Izmir. The unit property prices in the overall country and its three major cities are taken from the official resources and then the square meter unit property prices in USD are obtained. Then, a deep learning network is developed in Python programming language which accepts the lagged values of the unit property prices as input values. Then, the deep learning network is trained using the datasets separately for Türkiye and the three major cities. The loss curves of the deep learning network show a rapid convergence indicating the suitability of the developed deep learning network for the unit property price modelling. The actual and the modelled data are plotted indicating the accuracy of the developed model. Finally, the performance indicators of the developed deep learning model namely the coefficient of determination, mean absolute error, root mean square error and the mean absolute percentage error are computed verifying the high accuracy with R2 values greater than 0.95 for all four modelling cases. The alternative utilization opportunities of the proposed deep learning model are also discussed in the conclusions section.

Filling the void: Rural disaster volunteerism during the Swedish wildfires of 2018

In the summer of 2018, both fire and rescue services and volunteers fought against the extensive wildfires that spread over the northern parts of Sweden. The challenges were many and one of the most obvious was the lack of resources provided by the state, both material and human. This lack of official resources, together with the long distances that characterize the rural northern parts of Sweden, have been highlighted in subsequent evaluations as one of the main reasons for the widely spread fires. The lack of official resources in itself can be understood as a consequence of several years of dismantling and centralization of the Swedish fire and rescue service. However, the responses from the local community were enormous. Local volunteers, spontaneous as well as organized, assisted in firefighting; in providing food and services; in offering shelter for evacuated, and many other things. In disaster research, volunteer activities have often been described as something that “fills the void” when official resources are scarce. This seems to be particularly true in rural contexts. This paper applies a critical perspective on rural disaster volunteerism by framing it as an expression of rural vulnerability and peripheralization: as something that is performed as a compensatory act in rural communities affected by social dismantling. In other words, both place and politics are central in understanding rural voluntary activity. Inspired by the theoretical concept geographies of voluntarism, this paper argues that people make sense of volunteer initiatives in relation to both the place where these activities take place and in relation to the power relations associated with this place. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore how rural disaster volunteerism intersects with structural conditions of rurality.

STATE POLICY IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL SPHERE: A SAFE COMPONENT

The article examines the relationship between state policy, the environmental sphere, and security. It was determined that the main problem is the development and effective implementation of the state environmental policy, which would ensure sustainable development and environmental safety, taking into account modern environmental challenges. It is emphasized that environmental policy can be integrated into various spheres of social life (economy, social policy, education and health). It has been confirmed that issues of state policy in the environmental sphere require the development of an integrated approach, which will include legislative regulation, scientific and research activities, education and public involvement. The connections between the state policy in the environmental sphere and security (connection with the health and well-being of the population; risks of environmental pollution of air, water and soil; the impact of environmental policy on energy security) have been studied as an important factor that contributes to social stability, strengthens trust to the authorities and raises public awareness of environmental issues, the active participation of the public in the formation and implementation of environmental policy is recognized. The legislative field regarding environmental policy is characterized and the root causes of environmental problems in Ukraine are listed. Environmental risks associated with the conduct of military operations are described. Data from the official resource of the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources of Ukraine "EkoZagroza" regarding and impact on the environment are given. The role of public involvement work and educational campaigns aimed at raising citizens' awareness of environmental problems and the need to solve them has been defined. The importance of global environmental challenges and their impact on human health, the economy and the stability of society is revealed. The need to form an integrated approach to environmentally caused diseases in the context of safety is emphasized. The need to involve a wide range of stakeholders, including government institutions, the scientific community, the business sector and civil society, is emphasized. Directions for increasing the effectiveness of state policy in the environmental sphere are presented and their characteristics are given.

Russian Federation and Uzbekistan: Russian Identity and Attitude to Russians

The article presents the results of a study of the communication regime of the Republic of Uzbekistan in relation to the Russian Federation, in the context of modern changes in the world order. Despite the global challenges, the Republic of Uzbekistan is strengthening its close and friendly relations with the Russian Federation. The Comprehensive Strategic Partnership Treaty underlines the importance of strengthening cooperation between the two countries. The analysis of the communication regime covers both official resources and the media, while revealing a positive trend in communicationswith Russia. Russian identity and the degree of positivity of communication in relation to the Russian language and Russian identity in Uzbekistan are considered in the article. The Russian language is preserved, and the Russian identity is encouraged and supported. The Republic supports friendly and positive communication with respect to Russia, Russians, Russian language and Russian identity, even in the face of global changes. Uzbekistan continues to strengthen relations with Russia on the basis of mutual respect, partnership and common historical memory, which remains important in the modern geopolitical reality.

Mitigating greenhouse gases emissions in processing fossil carbon containing industrial waste

The article assesses the Best Available Techniques for the methods of reduction of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions in the waste treatment sector, that includes oil, plastic and rubber materials. The certain GHG emissions sources were shown and an attention is paid to the economic feasibility of specified methods in different places. It was shown, that for GHG mitigation policy, waste-management should be complied with the product life-cycle optimization, while recycling is considered as initially the best available method. The article is based on methods of scaling and statistical generalization. The data was obtained from official resources, including Reference Documents on the Best Available Techniques, National Inventory of GHG and from scientific publications. It was intended with full agreement, that resource efficiency enhancement relevantly should be in top priority of environmental and economic regulation.

VA SHIELD: A Biorepository for Veterans and the Nation.

To address the COVID-19 pandemic and future threats, VA leadership assembled research and clinical teams to coordinate a unified response, which included creating the VA Science and Health Initiative to Combat Infectious and Emerging Life-Threatening Diseases (VA SHIELD). VA SHIELD is a comprehensive specimen and data repository. It links specific types of biospecimens with data regarding genetics, exposure, and disease risk by connecting data sources and the collections of biospecimens across clinical and research environments. Researchers can test novel diagnostic platforms and therapeutics for new and existing diseases, allowing for an expedited, more robust, and informed response. The existing longitudinal disease risk-factor information, records of causal processes, and outcomes data present an unparalleled opportunity to optimize prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of many acute and chronic diseases. VA SHIELD will expand to become an enterprise resource for investigators and public health officials. The alignment of basic science, clinical, and translational research goals under one governance is a significant advancement. VA SHIELD has the opportunity to transform the VA research enterprise by creating an entirely new biorepository.

Takaful: chronology of establishment in 47 countries

PurposeFrom 1979 to 2023, the takaful structure has been adopted in many jurisdictions, making the documenting of its early days of establishment relatively difficult and somewhat unreliable. This is unlike conventional insurance, where the history and legislation are well documented and archived in various research (Hellwege, 2016; Marano and Siri, 2017). The purpose of this paper is to provide a chronology for the establishment and development of takaful via the takaful establishment in each jurisdiction, documenting its first takaful operator and first takaful regulation.Design/methodology/approachThis paper has used a qualitative method in the form of reviewing literature and available data such as journals, books and official resources. The data is thoroughly analysed in order to build the chronology for takaful. It adopted an exploratory research design, which is deemed suitable in situations where few works of literature have examined the subject (Neuman, 2014). The paper explores the establishment and non-establishment of takaful in 57 countries. The paper categorises the countries into seven regions starting with the GCC, Levant, Asia, Central Asia, Africa, Europe and Others.FindingsThe takaful chronology presented in this paper shows that takaful operations exist in 47 jurisdictions, starting from Sudan and the UAE in 1979, with the most recent adopters being Morocco and Iran in December 2021. It is found that 22 jurisdictions do not have takaful regulations, and the Takaful Act 1984, issued in Malaysia, is considered the first takaful regulation that sets the basis for other regulations that follow.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the literature by providing a comprehensive chronology of takaful, especially as the few existing timelines have been found to be incomplete and consist of contradictory information.

Community exposure to armed conflict and subsequent onset of alcohol use disorder.

To measure the independent consequences of community-level armed conflict beatings on alcohol use disorders (AUD) among males in Nepal during and after the 2000-2006 conflict. A population-representative panel study from Nepal, with precise measures of community-level violent events and subsequent individual-level AUD in males. Females were not included because of low AUD prevalence. Chitwan, Nepal. Four thousand eight hundred seventy-six males from 151 neighborhoods, systematically selected and representative of Western Chitwan. All residents aged 15-59 were eligible (response rate 93%). Measures of beatings in the community during the conflict (2000-2006), including the date and distance away, were gathered through neighborhood reports, geo-location and official resources, then linked to respondents' life histories of AUD (collected in 2016-2018) using the Nepal-specific Composite International Diagnostic Interview with life history calendar. Beatings nearby predict the subsequent onset of AUD during and after the armed conflict. Data were analyzed in 2021-2022. Cohort-specific, discrete-time models revealed that within the youngest cohort (born 1992-2001), those living in neighborhoods where armed conflict beatings occurred were more likely to develop AUD compared with those in other neighborhoods (odds ratio = 1.66; 95% confidence interval = 1.02-2.71). In this cohort, a multilevel matching analysis designed to simulate a randomized trial showed the post-conflict incidence of AUD for those living in neighborhoods with any armed conflict beatings was 9.5% compared with 5.3% in the matched sample with no beatings. Among male children living in Chitwan, Nepal during the 2000-2006 armed conflict, living in a neighborhood where armed conflict beatings occurred is associated with increased odds of developing subsequent alcohol use disorder. This association was independent of personal exposure to beatings and other mental disorders.

Reconstruction Of Regional Autonomy To Strengthen Governor's Authority

<p><em><span lang="EN-SG">Autonomy is one of the essences of realizing regional independence and accelerating development, so that the community will enjoy development through the role of local governments that involve the community directly in development based on local wisdom. However, in the implementation of regional autonomy, problems arise and there are still many regions that are not prosperous and unable to make it happen. To get out of the problems faced in the implementation of autonomy, reconstruction of several inhibiting factors is carried out, namely: </span><span lang="EN-US">exploitation of regional income, understanding of the concept of decentralization and regional autonomy that is not yet stable, provision of inadequate regulations for implementing regional autonomy </span><span lang="EN-SG">, </span><span lang="EN-US">human resources of government officials who have not fully supported the implementation of autonomy. area </span><span lang="EN-SG">. </span><span lang="EN-US">corruption in the regions, a factor in the potential emergence of conflicts between regions. To get out of the problems in the implementation of autonomy, it is necessary to have the </span><span lang="EN-SG">concept of strengthening the authority of the governor </span><span lang="EN-US">in regional autonomy so that the acceleration of economic growth and development will require some reconstruction of authority, namely: reconstruction of authority based on legal certainty, reconstruction of authority based on justice, reconstruction of authority based on a unitary state, and reconstruction of authority based at the provincial government level</span></em><em><span lang="EN-US">.</span></em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em><span lang="EN-US">Reconstruction, Strengthening authority</span></em></p>

Comparative analysis of the consumption of antidepressants in Ukraine, Estonia and Norway

Due to modern living conditions, the number of patients suffering from chronic depression is increasing every year. Antidepressants (AD) are one of the most popular drugs. In recent years, the demand for AD has increased in many countries of the world. The analysis of trends in the level and structure of AD consumption in Ukraine compared to other countries is relevant.
 The aim. The purpose of the study was to study the assortment of AD in Ukraine for 2020-2021, as well as to analyze the volume and structure of AD consumption compared to similar data for Estonia and Norway.
 Materials and methods. Marketing analysis of the range of drugs on the market and ATC/DDD-methodology were used to study the volume of drug consumption. The analysis of the assortment and consumption volumes of AD was carried out according to the data of the State Register of Medicinal Products of Ukraine and the analytical company "Proxima Research"/"Morion". Calculations of consumption volumes were made according to the ATC/DDD methodology in terms of DDDs per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID). The obtained results of the level and structure of AD consumption were compared with similar data on the official resources of the State representatives of medicinal products of Estonia and Norway.
 Results. The obtained results showed that ADs in Ukraine during 2020-2021 were represented by 19 INNs, mostly drugs of foreign manufacturers. The pharmaceutical market was dominated by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). It was established that the consumption of AD among the population of Estonia exceeded the indicators in Ukraine by 12.2-13.6 times, and in Norway by 18.2-21.6 times. The leader in terms of consumption in the three studied countries was a representative of the SSRI group escitalopram, but its consumption in Estonia and Norway was higher than in Ukraine, respectively, by 7.7-9.4 times and by 16.8-21.3 times.
 Conclusions. A significant difference in AD consumption may indicate that in Estonia and Norway, a greater number of patients with chronic depression seek medical help and receive pharmacotherapy than in Ukraine

Transparency and Accountability of BLT-DD Management during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

Direct cash transfer (BLT-DD) is a social assistance program that aims to help people in need, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. transparency and accountability are both very important things in managing BLT-DD so that the program can run well, effectively, and efficientl. This systematic literature review research aims to determine whether the management of Direct Cash Assistance (BLT-DD) has been transparent and accountable. The method of writing a systematic literature review article goes through 5 stages starting from the problem formulation stage to the analysis stage and understanding the results of previous research. The literature search process is used by the library search method which is sourced from online media such as Google Scholar. The results of the systematic literature review of 12 articles used as references show show that the majority of BLT-DD management has been carried out with transparency and accountability. However, some research results state that its management cannot be said to be maximally accountable and transparent because there are still some shortcomings in its implementation. This should be a concern for village governments to improve the human resources of village officials and their accountability reporting in order to create accountable and transparent management of public funds

Research of the effectiveness of launching functionality in mobile applications based on big data

The issues of increasing the success of launching a new feature in mobile applications are quite acute, especially during the post-pandemic period, as a result of the implementation, development and improvement of technologies. This period of time has shown how much the market and consumer behavior has changed in terms of using mobile applications. This article discusses the definitions and issues of application and user engagement. The process of consumer engagement is described in detail. From the theoretical perspective, the concept of lean production, first described by Eric Rice, was studied and analyzed, and later was applied in practice at Innoforce, which is the developer of the mobile application called “Avtobys”. The survey method was chosen as the research method. A user base has been assembled for conducting interviews. Several semi-structured interviews with users were conducted to compile and test the questionnaire. The feedback received from the test group allowed us to change the wording of some questions. With the help of the company’s official resources, a call for the study was published. The development of the new feature took 3 weeks of working time. After one month a comparative analysis of the level of engagement, the number of engagement events per user and an analysis of the effectiveness of the concept was carried out. The results were obtained about the effectiveness of the lean manufacturing methodology using databases and business intelligence systems. As a final result, not only economic effect, but also an increase in engagement, events and key application metrics from the application of this concept in production was obtained. This work will help businesses to launch more successful functionalities in mobile applications with low production cost risks.

State of the art of open-air rock art as World Heritage site: past, present and future

Since the 1970’s to the present day, our notions of world heritage and archaeological heritage have changed greatly, a fact that is reflected in the different conventions and charters of ICOMOS and UNESCO. In this research we explore what these changes have been, the state of the art of rock art worldwide, and what are the trends towards the future of heritage declarations, delving into the specific case of outdoor rock art, since its fragile and accessible nature requires specific management plans appropriate to its needs and characteristics, and how the growing trend of naming cultural landscapes as world heritage can be a powerful tool for the conservation, protection and dissemination of these heritage assets and their environments. The main objective of our research lies on the identification of the main features of open-air rock art on the UNESCO World Heritage List, establishing their current situation as to their preservation and social awareness and the policies developed in each particular case. This will be done through research and bibliographical approximation of various research sources, as well as official resources already mentioned: World Conventions, recommendations and ICOMOS charters as reference instruments in the declarations and management strategies of archaeological heritage and rock art.

Career development of international medical graduates in Canada: status of the unmatched

With limited residency positions, the majority of international medical graduates living in Canada and other developed countries cannot work as physicians. The educational experience and career development of unmatched international medical graduates (those who are not matched to a residency position) residing in Canada have never been studied. Through an innovative collaboration of provincial international medical graduate organizations, we launched an online survey targeting the career development of unmatched international medical graduates, with 356 survey responses entering data analysis. Respondents reported that at the early career planning stage, close to a third had not had adequate knowledge of their career prospects in Canada. Although official resources are available, most respondents found that the information did not match well with reality. After arriving in Canada, educational resources for unmatched international medical graduates are scarce. The majority of them work in healthcare-related fields but reported significant difficulties finding these positions, and there were limited career training opportunities. Among respondents who were no longer pursuing residency positions and had moved on to alternate career paths, we found, unexpectedly, that 69% of them reported previous residency application experience did not contribute to their current occupation, and most were not satisfied with their current career status and continuing education opportunities. In conclusion, the unmatched international medical graduates could serve as a vital reservoir of skilled medical professionals to serve the community, especially during public health crises. Continuing education and career support of unmatched international medical graduates are crucial for their career development and should be an area of priority for policymakers. Career support, especially for alternative career paths, can be built on the current services that exist in most provinces in Canada. In addition, novel online and social media tools can be utilized to increase the outreach of these programs.

Implementation of Village Financial Management Through SISKEUDES in Pandanrejo Village

The use of digitalization in the implementation of village government is a necessity that needs to be realized. Moreover, in village financial management, the village financial system or Siskeudes is part of the digitization of village government administration. Unfortunately, its application in the village that is the pilot of the Batu city government's digitization project, namely Pandanrejo village, is still experiencing problems related to the system that is still running offline. This study aims to analyze and describe the implementation of village financial system management and its supporting and inhibiting factors. Descriptive qualitative is used in this type of research. The results of the study found that the implementation of village financial management through the application of siskeudes in Desa Pandanrejo was following the provisions which include planning, implementation, administration, reporting, and accountability. However, there are some obstacles at some stages. The planning stage is constrained by the late delivery of the indicative ceiling from the City. There is an administration stage it is explained that this stage is the responsibility of the head of financial affairs, but because the HR of the head of financial affairs of Pandanrejo Village is low, this is the background for the delegation of authority to other staff to act as admins siskeudes. Based on this, it is necessary to develop the human resources of village officials at the administrative level in the context of digital administration. Siskeudes needs to be fully supported by a network that can ensure that the system is always in online condition because the existing conditions in the application field are still offline. although this does not affect the performance of the village, it results in data not being quickly available and making it difficult for the Batu City Government

Current Understanding of the Transmission, Diagnosis, and Treatment of H. pylori Infection: A Comprehensive Review

H. pylori infection is a prevalent bacterial infection that affects the gastric mucosa of humans, with a prevalence ranging from 30% to 90%, depending on the region. The infection is a significant cause of gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the current understanding of the transmission, diagnosis, and treatment of H. pylori infection. We describe the risk factors and epidemiology of the infection, along with its pathogenesis, which involves multiple virulence factors that contribute to the colonization and survival of the bacteria in the acidic stomach environment. Diagnostic tests for H. pylori infection include invasive and non-invasive methods, with the choice of test depending on several factors. Treatment of H. pylori infection is aimed at eradicating the bacteria and preventing complications. Antibiotic-based triple or quadruple therapy, in combination with acid-suppressing agents, is the standard treatment, but antibiotic resistance is an emerging problem that needs to be addressed. This comprehensive review provides a useful resource for clinicians, researchers, and public health officials involved in managing H. pylori infection and its associated complications.