Office In Brazil Research Articles

Estudo comparativo da legitimação do Ministério Público: Argentina e Brasil

This study provides a comparative analysis of the legal standing of the Public Prosecutor’s Office in Argentina and Brazil, based on a recent case from the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation of Argentina. Initially, it discusses Argentine law and the interpretative potential within the country’s legal system for recognizing collective standing for the protection of public interest, as well as the transformation of the Public Prosecutor’s Office from a mere protector of individual rights to a guardian of legal order and promoter of collective rights. Subsequently, it explores the trajectory, legislation, and practices of the Public Prosecutor’s Office in Brazil, highlighting its role in collective redress. The comparison between the two models reveals the need to revisit the role of the Public Prosecutor’s Office, transitioning from a guardian of the law and protector of individual inalienable rights to a defender of the primary and social public interest centered on the Constitution, acting as custos societatis. The study also underscores the importance of an autonomous, budget-independent, capable, and independent institution to act in cases involving diffuse and collective rights

Comparison of identification methods used in Forensic Anthropological services in four distinct institutes in Brazil and the United States

ABSTRACT Identifying unknown deceased individuals, especially those in advanced stages of decomposition, dismemberment, or burning, is a major medico-legal challenge. Forensic anthropologists play a crucial role in these cases due to the numerous characteristics that can be derived from bone remains. Their methods help evaluate the biological profile and individual characteristics, narrowing potential matches. This research investigates the identification methods used by forensic anthropologists in Medicolegal Institutes and Medical Examiner’s Offices in Brazil and the USA. Case reports from forensic anthropology institutes in Vitória, Rio de Janeiro, Porto Velho (Brazil), and New York City (USA) were analysed. In resolved cases, details such as the biological profile, trauma, decomposition extent, and individualization markers were documented. Statistical tests evaluated the association between these variables and identification outcomes. Conventional identification methods included dental analysis, DNA testing, and fingerprint analysis. Additionally, Bayesian methods, visual identification, prosthetics, and X-ray comparison proved useful. This study highlights that forensic anthropologists can employ a variety of methodologies beyond standard practices, enhancing the identification process in complex cases.

Implementation of desk fans in open office: Lessons learned and guidelines from a field study

Desk fans allow individual thermal adjustment in shared spaces which increases occupants' thermal satisfaction. When associated with the increase of room conditioning system setpoint temperature, they can also reduce energy use. In comparison to other Personal Comfort Systems (PCS), low-power desk fans can be very efficient for cooling. Nevertheless, previous studies identify some barriers to their implementation and show no clear guidelines on how to overcome them. Therefore, this study presents the results of a field implementation of desk fans in an open office in Brazil. The intervention consisted of providing one desk fan for each occupant and progressively increasing the setpoint temperature. Indoor thermal conditions were recorded simultaneously with occupants' thermal perception using sensors and surveys. Results show fans increased thermal satisfaction by 20 %. And, when fans were available, the preferred indoor air temperature increased by 1 °C. However, many constraints affect the results. Based on this experience, we propose guidelines for future implementation. We emphasize the need to understand the HVAC system, engage building operators, and apply gradual temperature modification. As occupants’ expectations had a great impact on the potential temperature extension, we suggest a way to limit temperature extension in future implementations.

Solutions for elderly people: an overview of technology developed

The aging of the world population is a challenge for governments and the market. There were, in 2021, 761 million people aged 65 or over; This number is expected to increase. This phenomenon is directly accompanied by a decrease in the organism's functional capacity, such as motor capacity. One way to increase the general quality of life of Old People with Motor Disabilities and help them regain some control and live independently is to offer products and services that solve their main problems. The objective of this study was to search for technologies (inventions and utility models) for this population that have been registered in recent years in Brazil but also in Europe and USA. The patent search was conducted on the electronic platforms of the patent offices in Brazil and Europe. 337 registers were found and 55 results met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results show an improvement in the number of registers in the last decade, however, this can be considered little if we look at the size of the population and its challenges.

Climate Change, Organizational Culture, and Symbolic Embeddedness in the Brazilian Amazon

This article contributes to the literature on institutions, organizations, and climate change by discerning how symbolic embeddedness mediates the external conditions and internal practices of organizations in a legal aid office in Brazil’s Amazon. This concept illuminates how legal, political, and social actors use symbolic resources, such as the framing of the law, to mobilize resources and articulate their interests. Field interviews and observations reveal that interactions during climate change negotiations can either facilitate or constrain actions to address social-ecological concerns. This study casts new light on how actors and organizations in the Global South can catalyze climate action and maintain social order in situations marked by ecological, institutional, and organizational instability.

Orthodontic Patients’ Perception of Orthodontic Office Changes during COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil: A National Cross-Sectional Survey

There is still limited information regarding patients’ perception of the dental approach changes in the pandemic circumstance. Therefore, the aims of this study were, firstly, to evaluate patient perception regarding the COVID-19 infection risk in the orthodontic office in Brazil, and to assess the influence of age in infection risk perception. Orthodontic patients from five states answered an online questionnaire, anonymously, about quarantine behavior, perception of the infection risk in the orthodontic office, as well as the apparent need for the new biosafety approach. Descriptive analyses were performed for each question. Correlations between age and concern of getting infected were calculated with Spearman correlation tests. There were 406 responses. Most patients respected the quarantine, and 93.10% of those who were scheduled for appointments realized that their appointment would be safe enough. From the total, 83.99%, 84.98%, 89.90%, and 95.81% of patients judged, respectively, health status checks by phone, temperature checking, disposable coat, and face shield, as necessary. Only 6.40% reported an increase in the concern of returning to appointments. The younger the patient, the greater the concern of getting infected in future appointments (p = 0.042). Most patients were confident in the professional care before the appointment. The new biosafety approach was well accepted by the majority, with less agreement with temperature checking and the use of disposable coats. The younger the patient, the greater the concern of getting infected in future appointments. The rate of patients with risk factors for COVID-19 was 14.77%.

Developing a surrogate model for naturally ventilated cellular offices in Brazil

Demand for artificial cooling in buildings is increasing worldwide, and it is expected to continue to grow in the upcoming decades. To mitigate energy use, the adoption of passive cooling strategies such as natural ventilation is a solution. In this study, a metamodel is developed to estimate thermal performance in naturally ventilated cellular offices in Brazil. Metamodels help to overcome the complexity of building simulation, although some caveats should be considered when developing such models. Simulation parameters were based on a database of cellular office buildings from São Paulo. The output of the simulations was the fraction of hours with operative temperatures above ASHRAE’s Standard 55 adaptive model. Two different modeling approaches were analyzed, a single-zone and a multi-zone. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to identify what parameters are the most influential on simulation results, and what parameters compromise the accuracy of the single-zone approach. Window opening factor, walls’ transmittance and the condition of exposure of walls and windows were the most influential parameters on the simulations. Although the single-zone approach is simpler, it does not consider heat transfer between different offices adequately. From the two modeling approaches, two metamodels were developed. The single-zone metamodel had a more accurate performance when validated on single-zone simulations. However, the errors related to this modeling approach compromises the performance when compared to multi-zone simulations. It is concluded that it is important to understand the limitations and accuracy of a surrogate model before applying it, and that such tool could be helpful for building designers.

Antiviral Plants from Marajó Island, Brazilian Amazon: A Narrative Review.

Diseases caused by viruses are a global threat, resulting in serious medical and social problems for humanity. They are the main contributors to many minor and major outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics worldwide. Over the years, medicinal plants have been used as a complementary treatment in a range of diseases. In this sense, this review addresses promising antiviral plants from Marajó island, a part of the Amazon region, which is known to present a very wide biodiversity of medicinal plants. The present review has been limited to articles and abstracts available in Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, Scielo, PubMed, and Google Scholar, as well as the patent offices in Brazil (INPI), United States (USPTO), Europe (EPO) and World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). As a result, some plants from Marajó island were reported to have actions against HIV-1,2, HSV-1,2, SARS-CoV-2, HAV and HBV, Poliovirus, and influenza. Our major conclusion is that plants of the Marajó region show promising perspectives regarding pharmacological potential in combatting future viral diseases.

Trabalho Remoto no Brasil

This paper estimates the home office potential in Brazil adapting the Dingel and Neiman (2020) methodology to include a minimum domestic infrastructure in order to perform work from home, which includes a continuous energy supply, internet connection and at least one microcomputer in the house. The paper also evaluates the effective use of home office in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results show that the home office potential in Brazil represents only 17.8%, much lower than the potential estimated for developed countries. However, home office usage in Brazil during the pandemics reached a peak of only 10.4% of the occupations, considerably below the estimated potential. The data also show a high degree of heterogeneity in the potential and effective use of home office among regions, states and socioeconomic groups.

Big data analytics on patents for innovation public policies

AbstractThis study seeks to answer the following research question: “What factors can explain the number of patent filing requests made by residents in Brazil at patent offices in Brazil, the United States, Europe, and triadic patent families?”. The methods used in this research are quantitative, using big data from private and public investments in Science and Technology, and about patent deposit numbers in Brazil from 2000 to 2017. A model of linear regression was performed and explains how these investments in Science and Technology influence patent deposit numbers. The results of this research study point towards the importance of universities, up and beyond the traditional training and education aspect of university activity. The importance of public and private innovation investments is also shown to be important. This study shows that the patent registrations in the different regions under analysis are affected by different factors. There is thus no single formula towards the creation of innovation output and governments would do well to continue to invest in higher education while also investing in public research and development activities. Additionally, and not least important, private entities should be continually encouraged to make innovation investments and favourable government policies need to thus exist for this to happen. Finally, the low numbers regarding patent filings in Brazil may be linked to institutional deficiencies in the country. Patent breaches may be difficult to punish, and the judicial system may be slow and untrustworthy, compared to the United States and to Europe—leading to diminished patent registrations in Brazil. A set of implications and recommendations for policy derived from this study and will be strategic for policymakers.

Adequate, reliable and timely information in times of the COVID-19 pandemicInformación adecuada, fiable y oportuna en tiempos de la pandemia por la COVID-19

RESUMOEm tempos de pandemia da COVID-19, informação adequada, confiável e oportuna, torna-se mais ainda relevante. O escritório da Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde/Organização Mundial da Saúde no Brasil e parceiros, vêm desenvolvendo iniciativas para favorecer o acesso, compartilhamento e difusão das informações e conhecimentos produzidos, traduzidos, sistematizados sobre a COVID-19 como uma contribuição técnica para o enfrentamento da pandemia. Este artigo apresenta alguns desses recursos. É fundamental considerar como máxima relevância a produção e sínteses de conhecimento disponibilizado oportunamente para quem está na primeira linha de resposta à COVID-19. Isto como requisito básico para melhorar a capacidade de resposta. É importante também o fortalecimento e incremento nos investimentos para produção de ciência e evidência, e o reconhecimento e fortalecimento do incansável trabalho de um enorme contingente de cientistas e instituições que continuam imbuídas a responder à pandemia da COVID-19.

Access to Justice and the Legal Complex: Building a Public Defenders’ Office in Brazil

Latin American democracies have developed institutions to empower citizens against the state. This article brings attention to an often overlooked, but key, actor in these processes: the legal complex. I argue that the content of reforms designed to strengthen the rule of law partially reflects the interests of politically influential collective legal actors. Political influence is defined as a function of alliances with civil society and embeddedness within decision-making arenas of the state. To develop this argument, the article analyses the slow building of Brazil’s Public Defenders’ Office (PDO). I argue that the office’s initial institutional weakness resulted from defenders’ fragile political position relative to that of prosecutors and the bar during Brazil’s constitutional transition. Its eventual strengthening sixteen years later resulted from changes to the legal complex alliance in its favour, the formation of connections between defenders and civil society, and increased PDO access to policymaking spaces.

DISCURSO DE ÓDIO EM MÍDIAS SOCIAIS COMO ESTRATÉGIA DE PERSUASÃO POPULAR

RESUMO Este artigo busca compreender o momento atual, dando um passo atrás, para mostrar que em uma situação anterior à campanha eleitoral de 2018, já havia indícios do populismo digital (CESARINO, 2018): o aparato digital e a mobilização (produção e compartilhamentos de hashtags no Twitter), bem como a tática política de estabelecer um eixo sintagmático amigo-inimigo. Mais especificamente, o intuito aqui é analisar discussões políticas, dentro do quadro linchamento virtual (MACEDO, 2018), de duas maneiras: (i) por suas conexões, utilizando modelos de redes aplicados às redes sociais online, conforme descritos nos trabalhos de Recuero (2005, 2014) e Lima-Lopes (2017, 2018) e; (ii) pelo discurso contido nas postagens, segundo o Sistema de Avaliatividade (MARTIN e WHITE, 2005) e suas aplicações em Língua Portuguesa (VIAN JR et. al, 2010). Foi considerada para esta pesquisa a utilização no Twitter da hashtag #Dia28EuVouTrabalhar, criada e disseminada com o intuito de contrariar a Greve Geral marcada para o dia 28 de abril de 2017, cujo objetivo era protestar contra as reformas trabalhista e da previdência. A raspagem de dados e os grafos de conexão foram feitos com o auxílio dos softwares NodeXL e Gephi, respectivamente. Ao final, observou-se que os principais influenciadores na rede tinham grande importância na disseminação do discurso de ódio, pois o grande número de seguidores possibilitou o espalhamento em larga escala. Vale ressaltar que o nó central da rede estudada era um deputado estadual do Rio de Janeiro e filho de um político com pretensão à presidência da República. A principal avaliação expressa nas postagens, em relação aos sentimentos, foi a insatisfação com o partido político que se manteve na presidência do Brasil por catorze anos e que fora interrompido por um impeachment, no ano anterior a esta greve. Já em relação ao Julgamento, as postagens revelaram uma descrença quanto à ética e confiabilidade tanto em relação aos grevistas quanto aos organizadores. Com isso, pode-se observar que a repetição e padronização de discursos estigmatizados, bem como sua pulverização em mídia social, foram - e ainda são - utilizadas como instrumento para conseguir o apoio popular.

A culpa é da indústria concurseira?

A busca por cargos públicos no Brasil é crescente e o perfil dos ingressantes, de acordo com Castelar, Veloso, Ferreira e Soares (2010) se mostra consideravelmente homogêneo. Quanto aos motivos para ingresso, Albrecht e Krawulsky (2011) mostram que os principais são estabilidade, remuneração e carreira. Esses fatores sinalizam a existência de uma indústria concurseira, cada vez mais sólida e lucrativa, vista, frequentemente, como a principal causa de atração, para o serviço público, de profissionais que não possuem perfil adequado e não demonstram ethos público. Questiona-se: em que medida as características do atual modelo de recrutamento e seleção predominante no setor público fomentam essa indústria concurseira? O objetivo deste ensaio teórico consiste em analisar falhas do concurso público que incentivam a indústria concurseira, dando destaque para os seguintes pontos: o recrutamento e chamamento padrão de candidatos, a seleção incompleta e superficial, falhas no estágio probatório e a ausência de acompanhamento efetivo dos ingressantes.

The Operation of Foundations to Support Research in the Implantation and Consolidation of Technology Transfer Offices in Brazil

Trata-se de uma análise sobre os recursos dedicados pelas fundações de amparo à pesquisa estaduais para apoiar a criação, implantação e/ou consolidação dos Núcleos de Inovação Tecnológica (NITs) nas Instituições de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação brasileiras, a partir da lei de inovação (lei 10.973/2004). Através da análise dos editais de apoio aos NITs de cada unidade federativa do Brasil, buscaremos responder se existe uma política contínua de apoio às organizações gestoras da inovação e da transferência de tecnologia, consequentemente ao fortalecimento do Sistema Nacional de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação através dos Sistemas Locais de Inovação.

Efficacy of light-emitting diode light polymerization units used in private practices in Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Efficacy of light-emitting diode light polymerization units used in private practices in Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Sufficiency of disclosure and genus claims for protection of biological sequences: a comparative study among the patent offices in Brazil, Europe and the United States

Patent protection has been chosen as a strategy to protect new developments in molecular biology such as novel genes and proteins. A way to ensure the protection of genetic inventions is to claim a set of sequences that are associated with the described genetic sequences in terms of structure and/or biological activity, in a genus claim. Clearly, achieving an effective patent protection for proteins and genetic sequences is a real challenge for an Intellectual Property manager, considering the unpredictability of biological sciences and the diversity in current patent law and patent office guidance in each territory. This paper seeks to study the Brazilian patent office procedures about genus claims for biological sequences while comparing them with two other national/regional offices. To achieve this result, we initially present the concepts, followed by the current requirements and the barriers to obtain genus claims for biological sequences in the legal framework and patent office prosecution of Brazil, the European Union, and the United States. Subsequently, we study the impacts of these regulations in the scope of claim protection in each territory. This is done by comparing patent documents with the same priority granted in each of these offices in order to analyze the extension of the owner's rights for biological sequences. Understanding the logic that supports the examination procedures in the three studied offices will be important to subsidize the legal protection for gene-based inventions. Therefore, this would support the development of a patent system that can provide satisfactory safeguard for the results of investments in biotechnology Research and Development initiatives.

Preparing the Terrain: Conditioning Factors for the Regionalization of the Vote for Federal Deputy in São Paulo

This article proposes a new interpretation of the regional distribution of votes in the dispute for legislative offices in Brazil. The literature has traditionally understood regionalization to be evidence that politicians deliberately create zones of influences in certain areas. We argue, however, that other dimensions of the Brazilian electoral system, notably the large size and magnitude of electoral districts, reinforce the information that reaches voters and adds value to geographic aspects, such as the home city of the candidates, accounting for the spatial concentration of votes. Using new, previously unpublished, data on the hierarchy of cities, the results for Sao Paulo between 1998 and 2014 confirm this interpretation. This result suggests a new theoretical understanding about how the Brazilian political system works by introducing another explanation for how certain areas become influential, thereby revealing new research agendas.

Federico Birabén e sua proposta para a oficina bibliográfica brasileira. Aproximações e distanciamentos da documentação na América do Sul

En el ámbito del proyecto Repertorio Bibliográfico Universal, ideado y creado por Paul Otlet y Henri La Fontaine, personas e instituciones fueron llamadas para difundir los ideales del dúo belga en todo el mundo. Una de esas personas fue Federico Birabén, ingeniero y bibliotecario argentino responsable por la instalación de las oficinas bibliográficas en Argentina, Chile y Perú bajo la orientación de la propuesta del Instituto Internacional de Bibliografía. En 1910 Birabén propone la creación de la Oficina Bibliográfica Brasileña, siendo un dato investigado en este trabajo que abunda sobre la historia del personaje y acerca de su proposición bibliográfica en Brasil.Para ese reto fueron utilizados documentos archivísticos de la época y se realizó una revisión de literatura acerca del desempeño del ingeniero. El artículo concluye que, de hecho, Birabén busca fomentar la creación de una Oficina Bibliográfica en Brasil de acuerdo con las directrices establecidas por el Instituto de Bruselas y similares a la adoptada en otros países, pero el ingeniero no había tomado conocimiento de la construcción del Servicio de Bibliographia y Documentación en la Biblioteca Nacional de Brasil, algo que contribuyó a dejar de lado aquel proyecto en la ocasión que se destacó el trabajo de Manoel da Silva Cícero Peregrino da Silva, entonces director de la biblioteca.

Inclusive Development and the Asymmetric State: Big Projects and Local Communities in the Brazilian Amazon

ABSTRACTIn 2003, the Workers’ Party took federal office in Brazil on an agenda of social inclusion and popular participation. This paper explores attempts to implement that agenda in big infrastructure projects in the Amazon: the BR-163 road and the Belo Monte dam. We argue that overlapping inequalities (between social groups, within the bureaucracy and between territorial centre and periphery) result in uneven state capacities for implementing projects in the Amazon. This framework helps explain why the government has moved much faster in building infrastructure than in implementing participatory social and environmental programmes that would benefit affected local communities.