Officers Who Research Articles

The Effect Of Neuroticism And Occupational Stress On Suicide Ideation With Emotional Focused Coping As A Mediator In Police Officers Who Use Fire Arms

This study aims to determine the effect of neuroticism and occupational stress on suicide ideation with emotional focused coping as a mediator for Polri members who use firearms. Suicidal ideation is a psychiatric emergency caused by high stress and inappropriate coping strategies. Prolonged fatigue and work stress can increase the risk of suicide in police officers. Individual differences in personality traits can be a risk factor for the emergence of suicidal ideation. Emotional focused coping tends to be carried out by individuals if they feel that the problem situation they are facing cannot be changed by managing emotional responses and maintaining affective balance through behavior. This study used 4 psychological scales, namely the big five factor personality scale, the work stress scale, the suicide attribution scale, and the emotional focused coping scale. The subjects to be studied were 375 active members of the National Police who routinely carry firearms in carrying out their duties. Data analysis used in this study was the Linear Regression Model Mediation analysis technique (Path Analysis) using the SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solution) program for Windows Release version 20. Based on the findings, neuroticism has a direct effect of -0.465 and an indirect effect direct effect of -0.123 on suicidal ideation among members of the National Police who own weapons, this indicates that neuroticism has an indirect effect on suicidal ideation. For Polri members who own firearms, work stress has a positive and statistically significant effect on suicide intentions, as well as a direct effect of 0.406 and an indirect effect regression coefficient of -0.076.

Urgensi Penegakan Hukum Terkait Kejatahan Tindak Pidana Suap Dalam Etika Profesi Advokat


 In Indonesia, Law Enforcement Officials, Including Judges, Prosecutors, Police, And Advocates, Are Responsible For Delivering Justice. Advocates Are Law Enforcement Officers Who Assist Clients Seeking Justice In The Legal System And Provide Legal Aid Services. Assistance Is The Process Of Making It Easier For Clients To Solve Problems When Dealing With The Legal Process. Advocates Are Obliged To Uphold Human Rights And Devote Themselves To The Interests Of Society Rather Than Themselves, Making Their Profession A Noble One. However, It Turns Out That Many Advocates Have Stated That They Have Committed Crimes Since 2005, At Least 22 Advocates Have Been Charged With Corruption Cases, 16 Advocates Have Committed Bribery, Two Advocates Have Provided Inaccurate Information, And Four Others Have Obstructed Investigations. The Results And Discussion Of The Research Show That Criminal Cases Of Bribery Committed By Advocates Can Be Tried By The State Through Law In Statutory Regulations As Stipulated In The Criminal Code, The TPS Law, And The PTPK Law. This Study Aims To How To Enforce The Law On The Crime Of Bribery Committed By Advocates In Carrying Out Their Duties And Profession. The Method Used In This Study Is A Normative Juridical Method By Taking An Approach Through Statutory Regulations.
 Keywords: Crime, Law Enforcement, Justice

Legal Review Concerning Summary of Office of Notary & Land Asset Officers Who Are Not Uniting Area of Work

Notary is a promising legal profession. Of course there are some special competencies that must be met to become a notary. In other words, it is impossible for a notary to practice without having sufficient skills. Legal education background is a must. Postgraduate education in notary law must be preceded by taking a bachelor's degree in law. Notary is a public official who has the authority to make an authentic deed. This has been regulated in the provisions of Article 1 of the Law on the Position of Notary Public (hereinafter abbreviated as UUJN).

Досвід країн пострадянського простору у сфері кримінально-правової охорони професійної діяльності працівників правоохоронних органів, які обрали європейський вектор розвитку

Досвід країн пострадянського простору у сфері кримінально-правової охорони професійної діяльності працівників правоохоронних органів, які обрали європейський вектор розвитку

Personal Prejudice, Other Guilt: Explicit Prejudice Toward Black People Predicts Guilty Verdicts for White Officers Who Kill Black Men.

Across the United States, acquittals of White police officers who have killed Black men have spurred clashes between those who see such situations as manifestations of racism and those who see them as race-irrelevant acts of officer self-defense. In this research, we explore the relationship between participants' racial prejudice and construal of an event that leads to the death of a Black man. In Study 1, we found that participants' racial prejudice predicts lower perceived guilt for a White officer who killed a Black man. In Study 2, we found evidence that the relationship between racial prejudice and guilt judgments is driven by increased perceptions that the officer was in danger and decreased perceived relevance of officer prejudice. Finally, Study 3 demonstrated that these patterns hold when the victim is Black, but not White. We conclude that racial prejudice shapes perceptions of legal responsibility for lethal interactions with Black men.

Giving Voice to Officers Who Experienced Life-Threatening Situations in the Line of Duty: Lessons Learned About Police Survival

Given the high-risk nature of police work, officers are often exposed to life-threatening critical incidents in the line of duty. The present study uses qualitative methods to explore the experiences of police officers ( n = 10) during and after life-threatening incidents as well as the strategies they utilized to cope with these experiences. In particular, the participants, who were all operational police officers during the index incidents, took part in in-depth, semi-structured interviews consisting of open-ended questions. These interviews were recorded, transcribed, verified, and then examined to identify themes, using Denzin’s approach for extracting interactional features between narratives. Several common themes between the officers’ stories were identified and organized into broader clusters of (a) experiences during life-threatening situations, (b) strategies utilized during life-threatening situations, (c) experiences after life-threatening situations, and (d) strategies utilized after life-threatening situations. Family, clinical, and organizational implications are discussed, with a unifying conclusion that highlights the importance of collaborative efforts to support officers in recovering from life-threatening situations. Finally, future research that (a) encourages studies of qualitative nature exploring the research questions with larger sample sizes and (b) investigates the interaction between family, clinical, and organizational sources of support is recommended.

The Determinants of Investigation Behaviors (Justice Practice and Secondary Victimization) of Police Officers Who Work for the Sexual-Assault Victims : Prejudices against Sexual-Assault and Perception of Mission

The Determinants of Investigation Behaviors (Justice Practice and Secondary Victimization) of Police Officers Who Work for the Sexual-Assault Victims : Prejudices against Sexual-Assault and Perception of Mission

Police Officers Who Are Physically Active and Have Low Levels of Body Fat Show Better Reaction Time.

To analyze the relationship between reaction time (RT), level of physical activity (PA), and anthropometric indicators in police officers in Special Operation Units. Twenty-two police officers (34.5 ± 9.1 years old) from Santa Catarina, Brazil, who were members of a Special Operation Coordination Unit. RT was measured by the Vienna Test System. Were obtained values of body mass index (BMI), body fat (BF), and waist-to-hip ratio. PA was investigated using the Physical Activity Evaluation Questionnaire. Younger police officers (less than 34 years) and BF less than 15% presented better performance in RT when compared with older, and BF more than 15%, respectively. RT was negatively related to PA (rho = -0.48, P < 0.05), and positively related to BF (rho = 0.76, P < 0.01) and to BMI (rho = 0.46, P < 0.05). Participants from the group with greater BF and insufficient PA reacted significantly slower than others.

The Experiences of Black Police Officers Who Have Been Racially Profiled: an Exploratory Research Note

When Black police officers take off their uniform, do they become the target of racial profiling? The purpose of this paper is to report on how minority officers experience racial profiling when out of uniform. It is difficult to reject the accounts of police officers who say that they have been subjected to racial profiling because they, as experts in the field, well understand the policy, procedures, and intricacies of police work. Further, they have much to say about the implementation and continued harms enabled by the practice of profiling. While this work is exploratory in nature, we nonetheless illuminate the following themes: for those who have experienced profiling, there is considerable disbelief by the on duty officer that a Black individual is actually an officer when out of uniform; that Black officers are subject to the same historical racial stereotypes of criminality; and that officers (when out of uniform) are subject to being seen as “interlopers” in predominately “white spaces” and are apt to be aggressively confronted by citizens and police alike for violating these real and symbolic spaces.

Use of the Bootstrap Method to Develop a Physical Fitness Test for Public Safety Officers Who Serve as Both Police Officers and Firefighters

Physical fitness testing is a common tool for motivating employees with strenuous occupations to reach and maintain a minimum level of fitness. Nevertheless, the use of such tests can be hampered by several factors, including required compliance with US antidiscrimination laws. The Highland Park (Texas) Department of Public Safety implemented testing in 1991, but no single test adequately evaluated its sworn employees, who are cross-trained and serve as police officers and firefighters. In 2010, the department's fitness experts worked with exercise physiologists from Baylor Heart and Vascular Hospital to develop and evaluate a single test that would be equitable regardless of race/ethnicity, disability, sex, or age >50 years. The new test comprised a series of exercises to assess overall fitness, followed by two sequences of job-specific tasks related to firefighting and police work, respectively. The study group of 50 public safety officers took the test; raw data (e.g., the number of repetitions performed or the time required to complete a task) were collected during three quarterly testing sessions. The statistical bootstrap method was then used to determine the levels of performance that would correlate with 0, 1, 2, or 3 points for each task. A sensitivity analysis was done to determine the overall minimum passing score of 17 points. The new physical fitness test and scoring system have been incorporated into the department's policies and procedures as part of the town's overall employee fitness program.

Perceptions of Interpersonal Social Cues Predictive of Violence Among Police Officers Who Have Been Assaulted

Psychology has recently begun to examine human interpersonal social predictors of violence. One area yet unexamined is the perception of aggressive interpersonal social cues held by persons who have personally experienced violence. Using a sample of 129 police officers who were assault survivors, this study sought to identify the interpersonal social behaviors they perceived to be associated with the communication of imminent violence. Assuming a boxer’s stance, invading personal space, placing hands in pockets, clenched hands, and threatening remarks were most associated with perceived impending violence. Crying, rapid eye blinking, placing hands on hips, and avoiding eye contact, were perceived to be least associated with violence. Recent versus distant experiences with violence produced little difference in the findings.

Perceived Fitness Protects against Stress‐based Mental Health Impairments among Police Officers Who Report Good Sleep

This study examined a cognitive stress-moderation model that posits that the harmful effects of chronic stress are decreased in police officers who perceive high levels of physical fitness. It also determined whether the stress-buffering effect of perceived fitness is influenced by officers' self-reported sleep. A total of 460 police officers (n=116 females, n=344 males, mean age: M=40.7; SD=9.7) rated their physical fitness and completed a battery of self-report stress, mental health, and sleep questionnaires. Three-way analyses of covariance were performed to examine whether officers' self-reported mental health status depends on the interaction between stress, perceived fitness and sleep. Highly stressed officers perceived lower mental health and fitness and were overrepresented in the group of poor sleepers. Officers with high fitness self-reports revealed increased mental health and reported good sleep. In contrast, poor sleepers scored lower on the mental health index. High stress was more closely related to low mental health among poor sleepers. Most importantly, perceived fitness revealed a stress-buffering effect, but only among officers who reported good sleep. High perceived fitness and good sleep operate as stress resilience resources among police officers. The findings suggest that multimodal programs including stress management, sleep hygiene and fitness training are essential components of workplace health promotion in the police force.

Use of wearable cameras to assess population physical activity behaviours: an observational study

BackgroundInsufficient levels of physical activity are associated with increased morbidity and mortality for many non-communicable diseases, as identified by the Chief Medical Officer reports and WHO. However, many physical-activity-related health associations have been based on self-report measurement, which is limited by recall, comprehension, and social desirability bias. Current objective measures, such as the accelerometer, can identify episodes of physical activity. Accelerometers are unable to identify detailed type and context behavioural information. First-person point-of-view images can capture health-related behaviours, and the context in which they occur. Historically, wearable cameras were bespoke devices, with poor battery life, constructed in individual life-logging research groups. However, the SenseCam is wearable camera, able to record a full day's worth of behaviours, which other researchers now have access to. This study investigates the feasibility of the SenseCam wearable camera to objectively categorise the type and context of participants' accelerometer-identified episodes of activity. MethodsA convenience sample of 52 university workers was recruited for this study from the USA (n=37) and New Zealand (n=15). Adults were given an Actical hip-mounted accelerometer (Mini-Mitter, Respironics, Bend, OR, USA) and a SenseCam (Vicon Oxford Metrics Group, UK). The device is a lightweight camera worn via a laynard around the neck. The camera has several sensors including: tri-axial accelerometer, magnetometer, ambient temperature, light level, and passive infrared. Images are captured about once every 20 s, and are based on a change in the aforementioned sensor values. The onboard clocks on the SenseCam and Actical devices were time-synchronised. Participants engaged in free-living activities for 3 days. Accelerometer data were cleaned and episodes of sedentary, lifestyle-light, lifestyle-moderate, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were identified with standard algorithms. Accelerometer episodes were manually categorised according to their context and physical-activity-compendium code as identified from time-matched SenseCam images. Findings212 days of footage from 49 participants was analysed. SenseCam images, type and context attributes were coded for 386 randomly selected episodes, taking 63 s (95% CI 41–86) to manually code each episode. 12 categories, and 114 subcategory types, which aligned with the physical activity compendium, were identified. About a fifth of episodes could not be classified, mostly because of participant compliance issues. 311 (81%) episodes could be categorised. Of the coded data, 183 (59%) were outdoors versus 120 (39%) indoors; 104 (33%) episodes were recorded as leisure time activities, 103 (33%) transport, 57 (18%) domestic, and 47 (15%) occupational. 104 (33%) of the exemplar episodes contained direct social interaction and 67 (22%) were in social situations in which the participant was not involved in direct engagement. InterpretationWearable cameras can provide data for objective categorisation of accelerometer-defined episodes of activity in free-living situations. However, these devices need further validation against other measures of behaviour such as direct observation. Future studies should investigate state-of-art computer vision techniques to automatically identify behaviours from SenseCam images. National surveillance systems such as Health Survey for England, Biobank, and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey could use wearable cameras in a subset of participants to develop more appropriate accelerometer classification algorithms of free-living behaviours. FundingBritish Heart Foundation (grant 021/P&C/Core/2010/HPRG), Irish Health Research Board (MCPD/2010/12), and Microsoft Research PhD Scholarship Programme.

Where Are They Now?: The Careers of Army Officers Who Served in East Timor, 1998-99

Where Are They Now?The Careers of Army Officers Who Served in East Timor, 1998-99 Douglas Kammen (bio) In 1998-99, the Indonesian Armed Forces (Tentara Nasional Indonesia, TNI) organized and armed pro-integration militias and oversaw and participated in widespread violence before and after the United Nations-sponsored referendum in East Timor. The violence left at least 1,500 people dead and hundreds of thousands more displaced from their homes, many forcibly relocated to Indonesian West Timor. Basic infrastructure was devastated, homes were destroyed, and livestock killed. In the face of international condemnation, the Indonesian military eventually withdrew its troops from the territory, and the Indonesian government agreed to relinquish its claim to East Timor. Human rights activists called for an international tribunal to bring the perpetrators of the violence to justice, but there was little support in the United Nations for such an initiative, which was soon dropped in favor of piecemeal measures. Several Western powers cut off ties with the Indonesian military and pressured the Indonesian government to act on the findings of the National Human Rights Commission's fact-finding team. In 2001, the Indonesian government did so, establishing an Ad Hoc Court for Human Rights Violations in East Timor that tried eleven army officers, four police officers, and three civilians. Of these, three army officers, one police officer, and three East Timorese civilians were convicted, but all were subsequently acquitted on appeal. In Dili, meanwhile, the United Nations established a Serious Crimes Unit to investigate human rights abuses and crimes against humanity, and a Special Panel for Serious Crimes was created to try those [End Page 111] indicted. A number of low-level militiamen were brought to trial, but because the special panel had no jurisdiction over suspects in Indonesia, the major indictment against senior and middle-ranking Indonesian military officers never made it to court. The half-hearted and now stalled initiatives to bring the perpetrators of human rights abuses in East Timor to justice have been the subject of intense scholarly scrutiny, so they will not be summarized here.1 Instead, I would like to ask what has happened to the careers of those Indonesian army officers who served in East Timor in 1998-99. This is particularly important in light of the debate over foreign—including US—engagement with the Indonesian military and ongoing human rights violations. In a 2007 diplomatic cable arguing in favor of resuming US cooperation with Indonesia's special forces, Cameron Hume, the US Ambassador to Indonesia, argued that Kopassus (Komando Pasukan Khusus, Special Forces Command) forces "play an essential role in Indonesia's ability to protect US official, civilian, and commercial interests." Ambassador Cameron approvingly cited the argument posed by the commander of the Indonesian Armed Forces that "younger officers [should] not be penalized for past transgressions."2 Such lobbying eventually paid off. In June 2010, the United States and Indonesia signed a defense cooperation agreement for military-to-military cooperation, and a month later the US resumed ties with Kopassus. Commenting on the US-Indonesian security partnership at the time, security analyst John Haseman noted that "[m]ost of the individuals involved in these incidents [in East Timor and the abduction of activists] have already retired or left the service, and Kopassus has not been credibly accused of a major human rights violation in at least the last five years."3 The data presented here are limited, as they concern only the two most senior army officers in the Bali-based Udayana Military Command and army officers who served in East Timor in 1998-99. Senior officers in the army and armed forces headquarters in 1998-99, most of whom were already approaching mandatory retirement age, and officers in the police and mobile brigade are not included. In all, sixty-two officers are listed. It is essential to note at the outset that the data presented here were collected from publicly available sources. Much of the information is from Indonesian newspapers and magazines that, now electronically accessible and searchable, regularly report on appointments, promotions, and the activities of the army. Further information has been obtained from the myriad military websites that not only report military...

Where Are They Now? The Careers of Army Officers Who Served in East Timor, 1998–99

Where Are They Now? The Careers of Army Officers Who Served in East Timor, 1998–99

Officers in Crisis: New York City Police Officers Who Assisted the Families of Victims of the World Trade Center Terrorist Attack

Following September 11, 2001, considerable research focused on the well-being of disaster and recovery workers at the World Trade Center in New York. Yet police officers who assisted the families of victims have been neglected. These officers worked long shifts escorting families to the site of the attack, reviewing lists of the deceased, distributing death certificates and memorial urns, and collecting materials for DNA sampling. Intense work with traumatized individuals can result in secondary traumatization. Six months after the attack, 23% of a convenience sample of these officers (N = 74) had possible posttraumatic stress disorder, as measured by the Posttraumatic Symptom Checklist (Weathers, Litz, Herman, Huska, & Keane, 1993). Additional exposures to the attacks and being Hispanic were associated with more severe symptoms, while years of experience as a police officer with the NYPD had no effect. Recommendations for preventive preparedness training and early intervention for police officers who ass...

Constitutional &amp; Statutory Protections for Officers Required to Give 'Duress' Statements During Investigation

This 12-page 2007 article is titled “Constitutional & Statutory Protections for Police Officers Who Are Required to Give a “Duress” Statement During Investigation.” It was published in The Trooper magazine. The article a shorter version of an 86-page law review article published in the University of Baltimore Law Review. It analyzes the constitutional and statutory protections provided to police and other law enforcement officers when they are required, by their police agency, subject to sanction for non-compliance, to give a statement that may negatively impact their employment and/or may result in criminal charges.

Clinical and Psychological Abnormalities in New York City Police Officers Who Served at the World Trade Center (WTC) Disaster Site

PURPOSE: Inhalation of dust and smoke can manifest as new symptoms, pulmonary function abnormalities or exacerbate existing conditions. Psychological trauma experienced at the WTC disaster site may also affect symptoms. This study's aim is to evaluate symptoms, pulmonary function and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in officers involved in the rescue effort at the WTC site.

The Psychological Experience of Security Officers Who Work with Executions

Open-ended interviews were conducted with members of the “Execution Team” in Louisiana in order to understand the roles, experiences, and effects of carrying out the death penalty. Fifty of a potential 52 correctional officers who work with executions were interviewed and asked to complete mental health inventories. While emphasizing the importance of security and their professional responsibilities in carrying out the death penalty, the officers stress their respect and decency toward the inmates and all others involved with the process. Although expectably reporting high incidences of exposure to trauma and death, they generally are not clinically depressed. They rely upon religious beliefs, group identity, administrative support, and their capacity to dissociate and rely on diffusion of responsibility to suppress painful emotions. Nevertheless, the officers experience conflicted feelings and frequently report having a hard time carrying out society's “ultimate punishment.”

Women and Men Police Officers: Status, Gender, and Personality

Introduction: Women and Men in Policing The Status Model of Gender Stereotyping Status Characteristics Theory and the Gender-Stereotyped Personality Traits Description of the Study: The Sample of Police Partners and Measures Status and Personality: The Dominating, Instrumental, and Expressive Traits Coping with Low Status: The Verbal-Aggressive and Submissive Traits Police Officers Who Violate Gender Norms: The Bipolar Traits Self-Esteem: The Impact of Status and Personality Traits The Patterning of Traits within Individual Personality Status, Gender, and Personality: Towards an Integrated Theory Implications for Policing Appendix Notes References Index