Official Attitudes Research Articles

Conceptualizing the strategies of representing the image of Russia: History and Evolution (communicative aspects)

The paper addresses the issue of the genesis and the evolution of the conceptual formation of the official attitudes toward the principles governing the representation of the Russian Federation and their scientific covering. It appearance in key foreign policy documents and its significance is analyzed with the view to two major conceptual schemes: the international image and the objective perception. Both concepts were examined with comparative research methods. The problems of tracing the current transformations in the official rhetoric to the transformations that are now taking shape in promoting Russia are the factors why this issue is relevant. The particular aspects of the research included the key documents of official bodies endowed with powers to shape foreign policy that were published in the period between 2000 and 2019. The activities of the key institutions and content providers in what concerns international positioning were outlines. Holding and covering mega-events, such as the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics and the 2018 FIFA World Cup, also served the image needs and, in this respect, was examined in the paper. The concept and method of soft power is introduced for analysis, as it is increasingly efficient and useful in both these respects. The paper concludes with stating that the practice of positive positioning of Russia abroad was substituted in favour of the one of engendering objective perception. The main concern for that consisted in foreign pressure and negative information campaigns, so the decision was a counter measure. In this context, the shift between the two concepts of international promotion is revealed in official documents, having a considerable effect on the communicative potential in terms of acting in accordance with the fundamental values and real attitudes inherent in the Russian culture. Esse quam videri is now not only the national principle, but also the foreign image.

Comparative Analysis of Financial Bureaucracies of Europe: The Influence of Policy Sector vs Administrative Tradition on the Attitudes of Finance Officials

The broader goal of the paper is to explore one of the core questions in comparative research on public policy and administration: What is more important in influencing public officials’ attitudes towards policymaking − the distinctive administrative style of the country or the specific features of a policy sector? This article is particularly concerned with the attitudes of the public officials working in the field of finance regarding their policymaking roles. Overall, the results indicate that the national administrative traditions play a stronger role in influencing the policymaking attitudes of officials than their specific sector.

Staff Training Aimed at Reducing Rearrest: Probation officer attitudes and experiences

Community correction organisations have recognised the importance of implementing evidence-based practices to improve probation practice and reduce recidivism rates. Research finds when probation agencies implement evidence-based practices in line with the Risk, Need, Responsivity model with fidelity, reductions in recidivism are possible. However, challenges of implementation persist. To assist in the translation of evidence-based practices to real-world practice, researchers and practitioners developed community supervision officer training programmes. Using qualitative interview data of trained federal probation officers, this study examined the implementation of the Staff Training Aimed at Reducing Rearrest. This study explored (1) probation officer attitudes and perceptions of Staff Training Aimed at Reducing Rearrest, training and implementation process; (2) how users and coaches implement key components of Staff Training Aimed at Reducing Rearrest; and (3) the organisational facilitators and barriers associated with Staff Training Aimed at Reducing Rearrest implementation. Findings suggest positive attitudes towards Staff Training Aimed at Reducing Rearrest for improving supervision process and highlight key facilitators and barriers that can be addressed to support successful implementation efforts.

Strażnicy systemu czy jego ofiary? Postawy i role funkcjonariuszy więziennych w Polsce w latach 1944–1956

Guardians of the system or its victims? The attitudes and roles of prison staff in Poland in 1944–1956 In my article I adopt the following hypothesis: the prison system in Poland in 1944–1956 was a result of an imposed legal framework and administrative regulations, but it also stemmed from the background, education and personal system of values of the prison staff. I would like to look at the behaviour of wardens in the situation of constant pressure, ideological control and lack of a rehabilitation programme for criminals. The sociologist Piotr Sztompka writes that life opportunities of individuals and groups depend on a unique balance of positive and negative relationships, especially moral and amoral ones. This balance has its roots in the past, both distant and recent. I would like to examine and test the strength and significance of the sources of resistance to the system imposed by the communists, derived from Poland’s democratic, legal and religious traditions, as well as the effectiveness with which these historical conditions “unsealed” or modified the whole system. An example would be the attitude of prison officials and their credentials. Former prisoners mentioned them in theirs memoirs, and this image was not always “black”. I ask how the penal system absorbed and shaped them. And who were the people who created the prison system in Poland? We may also ask about the influences of hundreds of professional wardens, who returned to service just after war. They were gradually dismissed, sometimes arrested, and finally replaced with new staff, uneducated and less resistant to ideological pressure. In this perspective, it is important to ask to what extent prison officers were demoralised. My goal is to describe the manifestations of submission to ideological pressure, as well as to seek examples of nonconformity.

The Promise of a Network Approach for Policing Research

Considerable attention has been devoted to understanding police socialization and the resulting culture, yet only recently have scholars turned to a network approach to understand the social relationships between officers. We extend these efforts with results from a pilot study of officer networks in a large US police department. Network data are collected from 88 front-line officers to examine officers’ informal working relationships. Our findings shed light on the connected nature of officer relationships, showing how personal support networks intersect and diverge from more formal advice and mentorship networks. The study provides an alternative starting point for understanding socialization as a vehicle of officer attitudes, values, and behaviors. Likewise, it demonstrates the applicability of a network approach for understanding departments’ social and structural organization. We conclude with a discussion on how officer networks can inform meaningful policy initiatives, including shifting organizational climate, enhancing retention, and curbing abuses.

The relationship between organisational justice and police officer attitudes toward misconduct

ABSTRACT To address police misconduct, law enforcement agencies traditionally have used deterrence-based methods–in the form of ‘external controls’, which monitor and punish unacceptable behaviour. Some scholars, however, claim that ‘internal controls’ are more effective for addressing workplace misconduct and these controls are produced when employees perceive a greater degree of organisational justice within their agencies. Using survey data from 15,807 police officers from 101 agencies, this study tests whether (a) organisational justice impacts officers’ attitudinal support for misconduct, (b) organisational commitment is the mechanism that mediates the relationship, and (c) elements of command-and-control enhance or detract from the power of organisational justice to reduce attitudinal support for misconduct. Results suggest that organisational justice has both a direct and indirect (through organisational commitment) effect on officers’ assessments of misconduct and that elements of command-and-control can enhance the power of organisational justice to reduce attitudinal support for misconduct among police officers.

ATTITUDES OF THE ESTONIAN BORDER GUARD AND POLICE OFFICERS ON IMMIGRATION AND RADICALIZATION

The article in the first part outlines the current discussion of the state of training under cultural intelligence, including definitions and examples of possible interdictions of the bad players. The second part describes the attributes and attitudes of Border Guard and Police officers after cultural intelligence courses, defining and applying the concepts towards internal security with a focus on Cultural Identity, “what makes a person tick.” An empirical study consisting of written reports was conducted over a three-year period and compiled to reflect attitudes towards immigration and radicalization in the EU.

FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH ELDERLY’S SATISFACTION IN INTEGRATED HEALTH SERVICE POST IN VILLAGE TOBIMEITA DISTRICT OF NAMBO CITY OF KENDARI

Background: Based on the results of interviews with researchers, six out of ten elderly said they were not satisfied with the service because the starting time for integrated post services was sometimes late, the lack of information obtained was related to elderly integrated service post activities. First person said he was satisfied with the service but still complained about the irregular timing of the integrated service post activities. Research is aimed to determine Factors-Factors Associated With Satisfaction Elderly In Integrated Service Post In Village Tobimeita District of Nambo city of Kendari. Methods: This type of research uses research quantitative design with cross-sectional study population of fifty six people. Sampling using purposive sampling with a sample size of fifty six respondents. The data is processed by using a test Fisher's exact test and continued with the test Coefficient Phi. Result: Based on the results of statistical tests there is a strong relationship between service quality and the level of satisfaction of the elderly with p value 0.000 < ? 0.05 , there is a moderate relationship between service and the satisfaction level of the elderly with p value 0.000 < ? 0.05, and there is a strong relationship between the attitude of officers with elderly satisfaction level p value 0.000 < ? 0.05. Conclusion: Researchers suggest that active remind and motivate the elderly to follow integrated service post elderly, other than that in running its role officers also should have to be friendly to the elderly so that the elderly feel happy to follow integrated service post elderly.

How to Shape the Employees’ Sustainable Work Attitude: The Moderating Effect of Supervisor Attitudes

Education and training not only play the key role to promote the sustainable ability of employees, but in the establishment of employees’ work attitudes as well. Moreover, leaders play an important role in promoting the effectiveness of education and training. The objectives of this study were to explore the effect of the police department’s annual subject training on the work attitudes of harbor police. This study also examined the moderating effect of supervisor attitudes on the association between police training effectiveness and police’s work attitudes in expectation to more concretely understand the role of supervisor attitudes in the harbor police’s annual subject training, to consolidate the good work attitude of the police for sustainability. The frontline police officers of Taiwan’s harbor police agency were chosen as the study population. This study adopted the convenience sampling method to conduct the questionnaire survey in August 2019. It requested for the respondents who replied to the questionnaire within 15 days after receiving the questionnaire to be considered as the first respondents. For those who replied to the questionnaire no later than one month were considered as the second respondents. This paper collected a total of 584 questionnaires and 492 were valid. The result of this study showed that education and training had a highly positive effect on the work attitudes of police officers. Moreover, the overall attitudes of supervisors toward police education and training were found to have a significantly positive moderating effect on the association between education and training effectiveness and the police’s work attitudes. The results of this study prove the linkage between the effectiveness of education and training and the supervisor attitudes.

Церква і монастирі у фунеральній культурі козацької старшини

У статті вивчаються елементи поховальної культури української козацької старшини, прояви підготовки до «доброї» смерті шляхом укладення тестаментів, залежність цих процесів від церковних інституцій. Буденне життя людини ранньомодерної доби пов’язувалося з церквою багатьма ритуалами, особливо перед і посмертних. Ставлення до смерті, намагання у різний спосіб її освоїти, подолати страх, відмінність стратегій у цій царині українців у періоди нашої історії чи інших груп суспільства в один час – те, що є і довго буде предметом дослідження.

Эмигранты-субботники из Астраханской губернии в исторической памяти современного Израиля и России: восприятие и интерпретация

В статье определены особенности восприятия и интерпретации наследия эмигрантов-субботников из Астраханской губернии в исторической памяти наших современников, проживающих в Израиле и России. Применены идеографический, сравнительно-исторический и ретроспективный методы, а также метод опроса. Материалами явились статьи православных миссионеров XIX в., современные научные исследования, записи и комментарии в сетевых дневниках и результаты проведенного автором интернет-опроса. Реконструирована биография одного из пионеров движения халуцим, Йоава Дубровина, выявлены различные аспекты восприятия его личности нашими современниками, охарактеризована степень известности И. Дубровина в современном Израиле и среди членов еврейской общины Астрахани, определено его значение в создании образа первопроходцев и в современном культурном наследии страны. Автор заключает, что имя Дубровина и других иудействующих не известно большинству респондентов, однако отмечен интерес к «халуцим с русским лицом». The aim of the article is to determine the peculiarities of the perception and interpretation of the heritage of the Subbotnik emigrants from Astrakhan Province in the historical memory of our contemporaries living in Israel and Russia. The author used the ideographic (descriptive-narrative), comparative-historical, and retrospective methods, as well as the survey method in the study. The materials were articles by 19th-century Orthodox missionaries; research by historians, religious scholars, and culturologists; the content of online blogs on the livejournal.com platform; and the results of an Internet survey that the author conducted. The author examines the factual record of the emergence and data on the settlement of sectarians in Astrakhan Province and analyzes the attitude of provincial officials and eparchy missionaries towards them. She does a detailed analysis of the manifestations of religious identity among the Judaizers, pointing out the generally calm attitude of the latter towards the professed teaching. The author also determines the circumstances of the spread of eschatological and émigré aspirations among them in the 1880s against the background of the nascent Zionist movement and notes the emergence of individuals who were active conductors of these ideas. In modern Israeli culture, the carriers of such sentiments (“grassroot Zionism”) appear to be outstanding people who stand out from among their contemporaries by the very fact of their involvement in Judaism. The author reconstructs the biography of one of such people, Yoav Dubrovin. He became one of the first participants in the movement of Halutzim, pioneers of the development and settlement of the future territory of the State of Israel. Already in old age, he emigrated to the Promised Land with his family. The author describes the difficulties the migrants encountered, which led to the death of many family members, as well as to the subsequent resettlement of the remaining Dubrovins to a new place of residence. At present, a museum is located in the former estate of the Dubrovins. The author reveals the various aspects of the perception of Dubrovin by today’s contemporaries, characterizes the degree of his popularity in modern Israel and among members of the Jewish community of Astrakhan, determines his role in creating the image of pioneers and in the modern cultural heritage of Israel. The author concludes that the majority of the respondents do not know the names of Dubrovin and of other Judaizers, but they show interest in “Halutzim with a Russian face”.

Training police for procedural justice: An evaluation of officer attitudes, citizen attitudes, and police-citizen interactions

This paper reports the findings of an evaluation of a police training program on procedural justice. The evaluation focused on the short- and long-term effects of the training on officers’ attitudes toward four principles of procedural justice (i.e., trustworthiness, neutrality, voice, and respect). The evaluation also assessed officers’ behaviors on the street and citizens’ interactions such as citizen demeanor and compliance with police requests. Finally, it assessed how the interacting citizens perceived the police. Taken together, the comprehensive data suggested that the procedural justice training was effective both immediately and in the long run. Policy implications are discussed.

Peasants in self-government bodies in the second half of the XIX and early XX century (based on the materials of Vyatka province)

The article aims to study the problem of peasants participation in the bodies of rural, volost (parish), and Zemstvo self-government in the 18601910-ies. It uses new documents from the funds of the Vyatka Governor Office and the Vyatka Provincial Presence of the Central State Archive of the Kirov Region. The article notes the important role of the abolition of serfdom and land reform in changing the forms of peasants social activity. The author concludes that the peasants had a common approach to rural and Zemstvo elections. The composition of the population of Vyatka province also influenced the election results. The article particularly examines the territorial (zemsky) district chiefs reports, the elected officials petitions, and state that the majority of peasants perceived public service as a heavy duty that distracts from agricultural labor. Therefore, peasants preferred middle-aged candidates had a profitable farm. Such householders might not be literate, but they used their life and business experience in public service and did not harm their household. The article analyzes the composition and journals of Zemstvo assemblies and comes to the conclusion that such peasants were interested in social activities. Long-term service in various Zemstvo positions, defending their point of view during meetings of Zemstvo assemblies are evidence of this interest. The author examines archival documents and notes the patronizing attitude of territorial (zemsky) district chiefs and other local administrative officials towards the peasantry. They used constant communication and good knowledge of the peasants in organizing the elections.

The Impact of Police Attitudes Towards Offenders on Law-Enforcement Assisted Diversion Decisions

Diversion is a prevalent alternative to traditional criminal justice processing, especially at the pre-trial stage. More recently, pre-arrest diversion has been implemented to avert the consequences of arrest, pre-trial proceedings, and future incarceration. Pre-booking diversion programs rely on the willingness of officers to use their discretionary authority to divert low-level offenders to community-based treatment programs in lieu of arrest, raising considerations about how law enforcement view offenders. Using data collected from a survey distributed during a Law Enforcement Assisted Diversion (LEAD) training session for officers in one jurisdiction in the Rocky Mountain West (N = 118), the current study examines the impact of officer attitudes toward offenders on their decision to divert individuals. Findings indicate that officers who hold an optimistic view toward offender rehabilitation are more likely to divert offenders. Results and their significance for practical implementation of law enforcement pre-arrest diversion efforts are discussed.

A survey of awareness, Training and compliance regarding universal precautions among house officers in a peripheral teaching hospital in HIV endemic area.

The purpose of this study is to access the level of knowledge, training and compliance of these house officers to universal precautions to HIV transmission. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Aziz Bhatti Shaheed Teaching Hospital Gujrat. Period: July-September 2019. Material & Methods: Self reported questionnaires were provided to 80 house officers and results were analyzed in SPSS 20. Results: knowledge attitude and compliance of house officers towards universal precautions was not up to date. This could be due to the fact that 78.79% of our participants have not received any form of training regarding universal precautions. Conclusion: It is urgently needed that training sessions for newly recruited doctors are arranged on regular basis to prepare them protect themselves against communicable diseases. Also strategies should be devised to implement strict compliance to universal precautions.

Body-worn cameras' effects on police officers and citizen behavior: A systematic review.

Body-worn cameras' effects on police officers and citizen behavior: A systematic review.

Organizational support and Chinese police officers’ attitudes toward intervention into domestic violence

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine Chinese police officers’ general support for police intervention into domestic violence, emphasizing adequate protection of the victims, and specific support for utilizing arrests to deal with the offenders.Design/methodology/approachThis study relies on survey data collected from 1,064 police officers who worked in multiple areas in two provinces of China between June and July of 2019. OLS models were used to test whether organizational variables are significant predictors of officer attitudes toward domestic violence intervention.FindingsBoth agency endorsement and supervisory support are positively related to officers’ favorable attitudes toward police intervention into domestic violence and using arrests to handle offenders. The amount of training received from the agency on the recently promulgated Anti-Domestic Violence Law, however, has a negative influence on officer support for general intervention into domestic violence and no influence on officer attitudes toward arrests.Originality/valueThis study represents one of the first attempts to investigate the connections between organizational and managerial factors and Chinese officers’ support for both general and specific interventions into domestic violence. It contributes to the current literature that only included police cadets in the analysis of Chinese police attitudes toward domestic violence despite the fundamental differences between cadets and active-duty officers.

Police supervisor attitudes toward organizational change

ABSTRACT Organizational change is necessary and inevitable in any organization, and is an important element of police reform. Research has demonstrated that attitudes of officers, supervisors, and administrators influence the longitudinal effectiveness of organizational change initiatives. Supervisors play a critical role in filtering messages and ensuring fidelity of initiatives at the street level. In this way, they are key actors in shaping change outcomes and their overall views of change might serve as a lynchpin for success. This study explores how previous experiences shape the attitudes of the supervisors toward the overall idea of change. Using survey data from a nationwide group of police supervisors attending the FBI National Academy program in 2009–2010, the study explores the effects of change experiences, organizational variables, and respondent demographics on views of organizational change. Results suggest that attitudes toward change align with other aspects of supervisors’ views of policing, as well as their past experiences with change efforts themselves. The findings have implications for efforts to change and reform police organizations and operations.

Indigenous Languages, Politics, and Authority in Latin America: Historical and Ethnographic Perspectives

Indigenous Languages, Politics, and Authority in Latin America: Historical and Ethnographic Perspectives

Facilitators of Practitioner Adherence to a Risk/Need Assessment Tool: Hypothesis Testing on a Survey of Juvenile Probation Officers.

We used a statewide survey to test hypotheses about the predictors of juvenile probation officers' adherence to the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) risk/need assessment (RNA) tool, focusing on (1) the consistency and quality with which officers completed the tool, and (2) the extent to which they used it in decisions. While some hypotheses had been tested in prior quantitative studies, others were based on insights from case studies. Results showed that leadership and climate variables were consistently important in predicting adherence, though these tended to operate indirectly through their effects on other facilitators. Probation officer attitudes, either toward the YLS/CMI or to evidence-based practices, were also important across adherence measures. Although inconsistent in their effects across dependent variables, quality assurance of officer decision-making, external office relationships, and county YLS/CMI policies also predicted adherence.