Office Work Research Articles

Home indoor air quality and cognitive function over one year for people working remotely during COVID-19

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic triggered an increase in remote work-from-home for office workers. Given that many homes now function as offices despite not being designed to support office work, it is critical to research the impact of indoor air quality (IAQ) in homes on the cognitive performance of people working from home. In this study, we followed 206 office workers across the U.S. over one year under remote or hybrid-remote settings during 2021–2022. Participants placed two real-time, consumer-grade indoor environmental monitors in their home workstation area and bedroom. Using a custom smartphone application geofenced to their residential address, participants responded to surveys and periodic cognitive function tests, including the Stroop color–word interference test, Arithmetic two-digit addition/subtraction test, and Compound Remote Associates Task (cRAT). Exposures assessed included carbon dioxide (CO2) and thermal conditions (indoor heat index: a combination of temperature and relative humidity) averaged over 30 min prior to each cognitive test. In fully adjusted longitudinal mixed models (n ≤ 121), we found that indoor thermal conditions at home were associated with cognitive function outcomes non-linearly (p < 0.05), with poorer cognitive performance on the Stroop test and poorer creative problem-solving on the cRAT when conditions were either too warm or too cool. Most indoor CO2 levels were <640 ppm, but there was still a slight association between higher CO2 and poorer cognitive performance on Stroop (p = 0.09). Our findings highlight the need to enhance home indoor environmental quality for optimal cognitive function during remote work, with benefits for both employees and employers.

Impact of real property tax tools of Sulu Provincial Assessor’s Office: employees’ perspectives

The effect that real property tax instruments at the Sulu Provincial Assessor's office have on Sulu local government entities is the subject of this study. One hundred respondents were included in the study; most were middle-aged (26–39), with over half of them being employed full-time. Employees were highly in agreement about these technologies' efficacy, according to the survey, with tax mapping activities and computerization through electronic methods obtaining "Strongly Agree" ratings. For the Schedule of Market Value category, on the other hand, the rating was "Agree," indicating a somewhat lower but still favorable opinion of the fairness and accuracy of property assessments. When the tools were categorized based on gender, age, or work position, the study also did not find any discernible variations in the degree of impact of the tools. When the data was sorted by duration of employment, there were notable distinctions, indicating that employees with varying tenures had differing perceptions. The study found that respondents, independent of demographic variables, had a higher degree of agreement about the perceived impact and effectiveness of different real property tax instruments. The study's conclusion emphasizes how crucial it is to take into account the various backgrounds and experiences of staff members when assessing how well the Sulu Provincial Assessor's office's real property tax tools work.

American management strategy in the British civil service: the post-1968 office work measurement crusade and the rise of managerialism

ABSTRACT The restructuring of Britain’s civil service is understood mainly as a Thatcher- and Blair-era event rooted in neoliberal economic policies. Yet its roots reach back to the late 1960s and early 1970s. During that time, senior civil servants turned to American management strategy to advance the government’s efforts to scale back the size of the service. This article explores these efforts via the activities of the Treasury’s Management Services Division and its Head, John N. Archer. In 1969, Archer made a month-long visit to the United States to study American management techniques. Over the next few years, he and his colleagues attempted to implement one of these techniques in particular—Office Work Measurement—throughout the service. Derived from scientific management, OWM would, they believed, help cut the number of positions in the service. In tracing these efforts, the discussion sheds light on an under-analysed episode in Britain’s civil service reform history. In turn, it argues that the OWM quest of the early 1970s played a heretofore under-emphasised role in the government’s embrace of ‘managerialism’ and the implementation of civil service reforms.

Work stress and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in nurses and office workers: a comparative study

Objectives. This study aims to compare the work stress and obsessive-compulsive symptoms of nurses and office workers and to determine the relationship between work stress and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Methods. A total of 127 nurses and 127 office workers participated in the cross-sectional study and comparative study. Data were collected using the perceived work stress scale and the Maudsley obsessive-compulsive inventory. Results. Nurses had higher work stress scores (p = 0.003) in general than office workers. In particular, nurses with a low (p < 0.039) and average (p < 0.007) economic status, nurses who had been employed for 1–10 years (p < 0.001) and nurses working 40 h per week (p < 0.042) had higher work stress scores than office workers. There was no difference (p > 0.05) between obsessive-compulsive symptom scores. There was a positive significant relationship (p < 0.001) between work stress and obsessive-compulsive symptom scores of nurses and office workers. Work stress explains 6.1% of the obsessive-compulsive symptoms in nurses and 12.4% in office workers. Conclusion. The results of this study concluded that work stress of nurses is higher than that of office workers and work stress affects the obsessive-compulsive symptoms in both groups.

AI IR: Charting International Relations in the Age of Artificial Intelligence

Abstract Over the past decade, rapid progress in artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed a range of areas, from medicine to strategic games and communication technologies, from art and culture to everyday office work. It would be naïve to assume that this evolution does not permeate and alter international affairs. Building on, and solidifying, a thriving yet still fragmented emerging literature on “AI IR,” this forum gathers several critical diagnoses of the way AI technologies impact on various areas of international relations. Introducing new concepts and charting emerging empirical realities, contributors explore how AI advances, such as autonomous lethal systems, synthetic imagery and text, or intelligent systems, are already creating new landscapes of violent and nonviolent international interactions. Yet, behind their distinct takes, contributions together stress the need to correctly locate and evaluate specific sites of AI impact, thus offering a nuanced appraisal scrutinizing grand declarations of an “AI revolution” in global politics.

Out of the Classroom Context: Narratives of Licensed Teachers Assigned to School Offices

This study explored the out-of-the-classroom experiences of licensed teachers working in school offices. Eight (8) office workers were also licensed teachers who participated in the study coming from Poblacion Governor Generoso, Davao Oriental. This study made use of a phenomenological approach to extract the ideas of the teacher participants. The in- depth interview was employed to gather some information as regards their respective experiences. Using the thematic analysis, the following themes emerged about the experiences of the participants: the experiences of the licensed teachers working in offices were, working with loads of paper, being flexible with office work, and beating office deadlines. The coping mechanisms of the teachers were, embracing office realities, taking short breaks for relaxation, and seeking assistance from senior workers. The insights of the participants delved into two factors: Providing part- time jobs to licensed teachers and attending office- related training or seminars. For the college president or school heads to be more observant of the performance of their office workers. They should ensure that the office workers are performing their assigned tasks based on the expected results. The licensed teachers working in various school offices may be more responsive to the needs of their clientele.

THE STRUCTURE IF THE QUATERNARY SHEET IN THE PETROZAVODSK BAY OF LAKE ONEGA ACCORDING TO SEISMOACOUSTICS

We present the results of seismoacoustic works carried out in the Petrozavodsk Bay of Lake Onega, the goal was to study a near-surface geological section. Seismoacoustic investigations were presented by the reflection method in a modification ultra-high resolution seismic survey. During the office work, the data were processed and interpreted, in which five seismic complexes were identified and correlated with the information about the lake structure. The result of the work was the maps construction of all five identified reflecting horizons covering all Petrozavodsk Bay. It was possible to estimate the sediments abundance and thickness corresponding to each complex.

Law’s Logistical Media: The Installation of the File System in the Postwar Japanese Prosecutor’s Office

AbstractThis article traces the fraught history of the file system’s adoption by the Japanese Public Prosecutor’s Office (PPO) from the late 1940s to the early 1950s, when the U.S. General Headquarters (GHQ), the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, decentralized the PPO’s power and transformed it into a “democratic” judicial agency. This is also a postwar history of the introduction of Taylorism-derived scientific management to white collar office work and Weberian visions of bureaucratic rationality into government offices, as part of the democratization of public administration steered by various sections within GHQ. Among the key changes was a guarantee of the right to receive a “speedy trial.” The essay argues that, while that guarantee was meant to secure human-rights protections for the accused, the file system introduced to the PPO translated the constitutional imperative of the rights of the accused into the pursuit of efficient scientific management, in which democracy was an operationalized socio-technical achievement. This logistical channel led to the co-emergence of democracy and modern rational bureaucracy, with each evincing mutual cause and effect. American reforms invested technicality with the promise of “democracy,” but as this essay shows, senior Japanese officials envisioned it as a means to rebuild a centralized information network.

Comparison of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior between Work in Office and Work From Home: A Self-controlled Study.

To compare physical activity levels and sedentary behavior between individuals working in the office and those working from home, with the aim of elucidating the potential implications on employees' health. We used triaxial accelerometers to assess the physical activity levels of 94 white-collar employees from a large-scale manufacturing company in Japan. They were instructed to wear the accelerometers during their working hours, which included the commuting time on work-in-office days. The mean energy expenditure on work in office was 426 kcal for individuals, while it was 228 kcal on work from home (P < 0.01). In addition, not including commuting, the time spent sedentary on work-from-home days was higher than that on work-in-office days by 20 minutes. Work from home decreases physical activity and increases sedentary time compared with work in office.

Протекционистская языковая политика в Министерстве обороны Российской федераци

The article substantiates the role of protectionist language policy in the light of modern problems of language safety and the need to preserve and maintain the Russian language as the state language. It is proposed to generalize positive experiences. As a part of this task, a set of measures is considered to maintain and use the Russian language, functioning as the state language, applied in the central apparatus of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. The Regulations of the Russian Ministry of Defense, the Instructions for office work in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, methodological manuals for the preparation of documentation have been studied, and the everyday practice of submitting documents and the organizational component of the army language policy have been examined. The presence (and the compliance) of strict requirements for the normative use of the Russian language, the functioning and consistency and stability of terminology, the practice of documentation and genre features of texts, the difficulties of the Russian language, stable phrases and abbreviations has been established. The wording of the rules is concise and accompanied by detailed examples of their use. Particularly noted is the extremely significant resistance to translingualism (and, in fact, to pidginization) in the context of the globalization reduction of languages. Opposition to pidginization is expressed by a ban on foreign language inclusions in texts, a negligible number of borrowings, and the almost exclusive use of the Cyrillic alphabet. A conclusion is drawn about the positive role of the Ministry of Defense in preserving and maintaining the Russian language, functioning as a state language.The article substantiates the role of protectionist language policy in the light of modern problems of language safety and the need to preserve and maintain the Russian language as the state language. It is proposed to generalize positive experiences. As a part of this task, a set of measures is considered to maintain and use the Russian language, functioning as the state language, applied in the central apparatus of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. The Regulations of the Russian Ministry of Defense, the Instructions for office work in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, methodological manuals for the preparation of documentation have been studied, and the everyday practice of submitting documents and the organizational component of the army language policy have been examined. The presence (and the compliance) of strict requirements for the normative use of the Russian language, the functioning and consistency and stability of terminology, the practice of documentation and genre features of texts, the difficulties of the Russian language, stable phrases and abbreviations has been established. The wording of the rules is concise and accompanied by detailed examples of their use. Particularly noted is the extremely significant resistance to translingualism (and, in fact, to pidginization) in the context of the globalization reduction of languages. Opposition to pidginization is expressed by a ban on foreign language inclusions in texts, a negligible number of borrowings, and the almost exclusive use of the Cyrillic alphabet. A conclusion is drawn about the positive role of the Ministry of Defense in preserving and maintaining the Russian language, functioning as a state language.

러시아연방의 공무원 제도

The current civil service system in the Russian Federation was established and operated after the collapse of the Soviet Union, going through the first civil service reform in 1995 and the second civil service reform in 2002. The Civil Service Act of the Russian Federation is an individual administrative law in the administrative law system of the Russian Federation and forms a unique area and system of administrative law (Институт государственной службы), and its disciplinary system is related to the state affairs system of the Russian Federation, which is the basic law in the civil service law system. It consists of related general laws and special laws based on federal laws and the status and scope of activities of public officials. When referring to civil servants under the Civil Service Act of the Russian Federation, it refers only to state civil servants (Государственный служащий), which are equivalent to career civil servants in Korea. Therefore, the concept of public affairs does not exist in the civil service law of the Russian Federation, and the concept of national affairs (Государственная служаба) is commonly used. National affairs are defined as workers who are employed by a state agency and granted State Council status, and where a natural person provides labor for the purpose of performing specific affairs for state agencies and public officials as a state in the practical sense. In the Russian Federation, administrative jurisdiction exists at the federation, federation constituent, and local government levels. Persons who perform affairs at each level are called state secretaries in a formal sense, and are specifically divided into federal state secretariat, federal constituent state secretariat, and local government officials. They are classified, and it is no exaggeration to say that among all levels of office work, federal office workers are the standard for office workers at other levels. The types of Federal Secretariat are: ㉠ General State Council (Государственный служащий), ㉡ Military Council (Военнослужащий), ㉢ Special State Council (Специальный г) The State Council for Justice, the State Council for Foreign Affairs, And then ㉥ It is classified as the Prosecutor's Office (Государственный служащий прокуроского работника).

Impact of Hybrid Work Model on Productivity

The impact of a hybrid work model on productivity is a topic of growing interest in today’s workforce. Hybrid work models combine remote work with in-person office work, offering employees flexibility in where and how they work. Research suggests that hybrid work models can have both positive and negative effects on productivity. Factors such as communication, collaboration, work-life balance, and technology infrastructure play a crucial role in determining the overall impact on productivity. Organizations implementing hybrid work models should carefully consider these factors to optimize productivity and employee satisfaction. Organizations has become more hybrid enabling the workers to work partially from the office and partially from home. As remote work was found to have an impact on team collaboration, communication, productivity, and performance. The empirical findings indicate the hybrid work to impact job satisfaction, and collaboration and communication positively. While the performance was high, there was a low impact of hybrid work. The empirical findings imply that investments in the tools and resources are crucial for the job satisfaction. Furthermore, meetings that involve high participation in collaboration and communication should require physical presence. By allowing for continuous meetings regarding the well-being of workers, a sustainable work-life balance can potentially be achieved.

Training Basic Microsoft Office Dalam Mengelola Administrasi Pada Yayasan Kopia Raya Insani

In the current era, the use of computer applications almost all office work requires it. The development of technology, especially computer applications at this time is very helpful in processing administrative data, so that the data obtained can be arranged neatly and easily understood. One of them is administrative data processing at the Kopia Raya Insani Foundation which requires applications that support so that the data displayed can be understood because at this time some of the administrative data displayed is still fairly manual, the use of Microsoft Office applications in Foundation data processing is still not optimally used due to several reasons. Foundation administrators still do not understand the use of the application used. Microsoft office itself is a software application that is used to process, store, and combine data in the form of documents. The data that can be processed are digital data in the form of letters, pictures and numbers. This software has a special role in the office sector. Matters related to office data will be processed and stored briefly and in detail in Microsoft Office. The method used in providing education regarding the basic use of Microsoft Office is carried out by holding workshops on community service activities so that participants consisting of foundation administrators who will process the foundation's administrative data will be more familiar with the use of Microsoft Office applications to help process administrative data to make it more neat and tidy. easy to understand.

Pelatihan Penggunaan Formulasi Excel Untuk Pendataan Administrasi Pada UKKT Mampang Prapatan Jakarta

The use of computer applications almost all office work requires it.The development of technology, especially computer applications today is very helpful in administrative data processing, so that the data obtained can be arranged neatly and easy to understand. One of them is administrative data processing at UKKT RW.06 which requires an application that supports so that the data displayed can be understood because currently some of the administrative data displayed is still fairly manual, use of Microsoft Office applications, especially Ms. Excel on Coral data processing. The cadets are still not being used optimally because some of the Karang Taruna administrators still do not understand the use of the application used. Microsoft Excel itself is a software application that is used to process, store, and combine data in the form of formulas. Data that can be processed, namely, digital data in the form of calculation results and diagrams. This software has a special role in office area. Matters related to office data will be processed as well stored briefly and in detail in Microsoft Excel. The method used in provide education about the basic use of formulas in Microsoft Excel carried out by holding workshops on community service activities so that participants consisting of Karang Taruna administrators who will process administrative data UKKT RW.06 will be more familiar with the use of the Microsoft Excel Application for help process administrative data to make it more neat and easy to understand.

Psychosocial job characteristics comparison between work from home and work in the office: a study from the pandemic onwards

IntroductionThe Covid-19 pandemic changed office workers' work situation through the widespread use of the working from home (WFH) model. It also changed the demands for, and the resources allocated to, the same tasks depending on the location of their execution. The aim of this study was to identify potential differences in the level of theoretically established job stressors between WFH and regular office work, especially with respect to working parents with childcare responsibilities.MethodWe tested the relevant working conditions by conducting repeated online surveys with three measurement times between 2020 and 2022 (N = 1,144 in total).ResultsPaired sample t-tests for each measurement time showed significant differences between WFH and work in the office for six out of seven psychosocial risk factors (e.g., social relationships with supervisors and colleagues). Only work intensity did not differ between WFH and work in the office. The specific challenges for WFH parents caring for children were revealed in a decreased work continuity compared to employees without childcare responsibilities. Our results suggest that job stressors are contingent on the place of work.DiscussionIn conclusion, while WFH affords the opportunity to counterbalance job stressors in the long term, it requires the support of social relationships, especially for full-time WFH employees. Parents with childcare responsibilities require assistance in addressing their individual needs amidst the challenges of WFH.

The considerations of Biophilic Design towards Successful Application in Office Building

Biophilic design has become one of the most important factors for the health and the success of the office buildings occupants. By applying the elements of biophilic design and their impact on the health of human-beings, we have been able to propose a future design strategies that can be applied in office spaces through the use of descriptive approach who applied in the office buildings, therefore to study the positive within the negative impact of this design on the employees to build a biophilic considerations for architects which can be use while designing an office buildings and work spaces.

WORK FROM HOME , WORK FROM OFFICE, DAN KESEIMBANGAN KERJA-KELUARGA

Working from home policy in Covid 19 pandemic era has brought its own challenges particularly in the management of time and energy which then affects work and family balance. This study aims to analyze the differences between the effect of work from home/WFH and work from office/WFO on work-family balance. This study was conducted using cross-sectional study research design. Work-family balance was measured using work-family balance scale. Meanwhile, work place (either work from home/WFH) or work from office/WFO) was identified from respondents’ identity. The sampling technique applied in this study was purposive random sampling. The characteristics of the research subject were married with children and worked in an office either work from home or work from office setting. Data were collected online through Google form from 19th May to 31st May 2020. The data then analyzed using t-test. There were 189 respondents from 13 Provinces from all over Indonesia. The result of the research shows that both work from home and work from office have given no different effect on work-family balance

Technostress Phenomenon as a Silent Impact of ICT Era: Case Study Indonesian Female Civil Servants

The transition of work systems from traditional systems to information, communication and technology (ICT)-based work systems after Covid 19 has had certain impacts on employees in all government offices in the world. The implementation of the work from home (WFH) policy established by a number of government offices in Indonesia is a reasonable decision to anticipate the spread of Covid 19 and implement a new normal work system. The transition from traditional work systems to new ICT-based and online work systems has had a direct and indirect impact on human life, especially civil servants in government offices in Indonesia. There are silent actors who are most affected, suchus women or mothers employee, because they have dual roles, household work and office work. This research was conducted to analyze the factors that driving technostress in female civil servants when working ICT-based or online. The study aims to carry out advocacy and provide recommendations for solutions to related parties. This research method uses a qualitative approach. The research analysis show that there are several factors that trigger technostress in female civil servants in Indonesia, such as unlimited working hours, when children or family members are sick, have to caring babies or toddlers while working virtually, technological capabilities issue, signal and network issue, limited facilities during WFH, unavailability of household assistants/caregivers, and so on. Based on the results of research and data analysis, this research recommends that even though WFO or WFH with working ICT -base system are implemented, the Indonesian Government must continue to make policy regulations regarding maximum working time hours for civil servants, especially female researchers in Indonesia. This is to avoid excessive and inefficient working time which can result in technostress. The ICT work system teaches us to change our lifestyle by prioritizing health and a balanced work system.

Effect of computer workstation set-ups on muscle oxygen saturation and perceived fatigue

Multiple literatures show evidences of how office workstation set-ups can influence muscle activities. However, the relationship between the postural adoption due to workstation setup and its effect to muscle oxygen saturation among office workers is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate trends of muscle oxygen saturation and perceived fatigue ratings between different upper limbs posture variations among representative computer users. A repeated measure experiment was conducted on 15 participants to compare the muscle oxygen saturation and perceived fatigue ratings between four different office work posture variations. Parametric and non-parametric statistical analyses were conducted to analyze significant differences on the dependent parameters. Data analysis showed statistically significant trends (p≤0.050) of lower muscle oxygen saturation in workstation set-ups in which participants were adopting raised shoulder and extended arm positions. In addition, the findings revealed that the perceived fatigue ratings on the shoulder, upper arm and lower arm are the lowest (p≤0.050) in workstation condition where subject can adopt neutral postures. The results highlight the effect of good office workstation setup and work postures to individual muscle oxygen saturation and fatigue levels.

Research on Problems and Countermeasures of Online Home Office of Enterprise Employees under the COVID-19 Epidemic

Online home office refers to a new type of office model in which the public uses a network system to perform and process work tasks at home in specific circumstances. During the COVID-19, employees’ online home office work provided guidance for enterprises’ resumption of work and production. This mode can provide more time for production work, balance employees’ work and life, and improve work efficiency to a certain extent, but still exposed some problems. On the basis of introducing the concept of online home work for enterprise employees and the literature review, this paper mainly adopts the questionnaire survey and video interview method, and distributes questionnaires to employees of small and medium-sized enterprises in Jiangsu Province of China from November 8, 2022 to March 8, 2023. 304 effective questionnaires and descriptive responses from three interviewees were returned. With processing the data, independent variables, such as difficult to achieve physical management, immature enterprise security technology, reduced communication among employees, reduced enterprise cohesion, and imperfect legal system and dependent variables worked from home online are significantly correlated at the 0.01 level. The paper analyzes the problems existing in online home work for enterprise employees, and proposes management suggestions and countermeasures to solve the problems in online home work practice for enterprise employees.