Views Of Officers Research Articles

Cultural Authority and (Non)Compliance with Public Health Directives: The Effect of Legitimacy and Values on Behavior during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

During the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, the success of public health authorities' strategies to curb the spread of the virus hinged on individuals' voluntary compliance with their directives. This study considers how two components of the cultural authority of public health influenced compliance with health guidelines during the pandemic: (1) individuals' views of public health officials as legitimate and (2) the shared value of health. I also examine the influence of other basic values, alongside health, on pandemic behavior. Data come from an original survey of 1,356 U.S. adults collected online in spring 2022. Findings reveal the pivotal role of perceived legitimacy of public health authorities in motivating compliance, even when considering perceived threat of the virus, political orientation, and other contextual factors. Results provide insight into why people complied with health guidelines by indicating how variation in individuals' value priorities influenced behavior.

Shaping police self-efficacy: a content analysis of officer views towards their duty assignments, working locations, and working times

ABSTRACT While it is thought that different work experiences generate unique situations that allow police officers to develop confidence in their abilities to resolve them, this connection has received scarce scholarly attention. In the current study, a thematic content analysis of narrative survey responses from over 300 police officers from one large agency in the United States was conducted to assess perceptions of how and why work contexts might differentially shape self-confidence. Participants believed that officers who are exposed to a variety of workplace experiences develop into the most confident practitioners. Working patrol assignments, in high crime areas, and on night shift were viewed as especially important. Overall, the findings offer useful insights for police agencies looking to build self-confidence within their sworn personnel and numerous avenues for future research to expand on this work.

Non-graduate entry a retrograde step for the police professionalisation agenda?

Since its inception the College of Policing has promoted policing as a profession and it has established a code of ethics, a body of knowledge and graduate entry in pursuit of its ambition. The graduate entry programme has been the subject of criticism and in response a non-graduate entry route has been introduced. Graduate entry is fundamental to most professions and this change could undermine the professionalisation agenda. This article uses a series of focus groups to compare the views of probationary officers from graduate and non-graduate training programme to assess the impact of the graduate entry programme on student officers. While the research found many similarities between the cohorts. IPLDP students expressed a greater affinity with the role of police as crime fighters than their graduate peers. While the graduate students were concerned about limitations on their ability to use their discretion and the extent of their autonomy.

Assessing the Implementation of ARPA Coronavirus State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds: The View from City Officials

Abstract The 2021 American Rescue Plan Act created the Coronavirus State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds (SLFRF), which provided $350 billion for state and local governments to aid with pandemic recovery efforts. This research examines the local implementation of SLFRF from the point of view of city officials. We assess the effectiveness of grant implementation on two dimensions: funding allocation (the ease or difficulty of selecting and prioritizing projects to be funded) and project management (the ability to complete projects on time and within budget). Our research focuses on the contributions of three general groups of factors on grant implementation performance: federal control and oversight, local capacities, and the role of local political actors. We conducted a national survey of cities that received SLFRF grants and gathered information from city officials responsible for administering the grant on different aspects of SLFRF implementation. Using ordinary least squares and ordered logit regressions to analyze the survey data, the empirical results uncover some consistent patterns. Specifically, local management discretion, perceived clarity of federal rules, a centralized local grant administration structure, and mayoral involvement are positively associated with grant implementation effectiveness.

Views of Officers from Ministry of Small and Medium Enterprise on Factors Affecting Financial Literacy Practices among Youth Entrepreneurs in Lusaka Province, Zambia: A Phenomenological Perspective

Views of Officers from Ministry of Small and Medium Enterprise on Factors Affecting Financial Literacy Practices among Youth Entrepreneurs in Lusaka Province, Zambia: A Phenomenological Perspective

Community participation in educational policy making: Views of education directorate officials

This study has investigated the perceptions of regional education administration directors concerning the role and influence of community participation in educational policymaking in Jordan. The qualitative descriptive-analytical approach was adopted in this research to study the leadership with over 15 years of experience through semi-structured interviews. The findings reveal that school administrations largely permit only symbolic participation, as highlighted by 66.6% of respondents, while 58.4% expressed dissatisfaction with the Ministry's efforts to ensure meaningful involvement. The study underscores the critical need to strengthen community engagement in shaping inclusive and equitable policies that address societal needs. It proposes strategies such as establishing advisory councils, fostering transparency, and promoting inclusiveness in decision-making processes. By contributing to global discussions on participatory governance, the research directly aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal No. 4, which advocates for inclusive and equitable quality education. The recommendations chart a clear course for achieving transformative educational reform not only in Jordan but also in similar global contexts.

Making knowledge management transparent: a new perspective on KM processes integration in the organizational framework

PurposeWhile scholars agree on the complexity of knowledge management processes (KMPs), achieving a comprehensive understanding of these processes and how they integrate into the core organizational processes still proves challenging. In response to this research gap, this study presents a pioneering, inductive exploration into the views of chief knowledge officers (CKOs).Design/methodology/approachWe employed an interpretative multiple-case study methodology, conducting semi-structured interviews with 28 CKOs across diverse industry sectors. Thematic analysis was utilized to analyze the data.FindingsThe CKOs’ insights reveal that the degree of “superposition and overlap” between KMPs and business processes is pivotal to the effectiveness of both knowledge management (KM) and business operations. The study introduces the concept of “transparent KM,” where KM becomes an imperceptible yet indispensable element of the organizational structure. This challenges the conventional notion of KM as an isolated discipline and highlights the dangers of artificially segregating KMPs from core business processes, which can result in employee disengagement and managerial doubts about the value of KM.Originality/valueThis research contributes to a novel vision of KM, advocating for the seamless integration of KMPs into organizational processes. It suggests that KM should be considered a ubiquitous force that naturally enhances organizational workflows. Scholars, practitioners and company leaders, in designing business processes, should take into consideration their KM implications and, in turn, potentially reshaping the strategic role of KM in organizations.

The Impact of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Training on Police Officer Confidence in Use of Force Performance: Perceptions from Officers who Train

Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) is a grappling-based martial art that has recently gained traction in the law enforcement community. However, there is limited research on the perceived impact of BJJ training from the perspective of officers who study the art. The purpose of this study was to examine how BJJ training experience impacts officer confidence and gain insight on officer views on the best training methods and techniques for subject control. Results from an online survey of over 300 officers revealed that there were positive correlations between BJJ experience, use of force experience, and perceptions of officer confidence in their defensive tactics. Officers also reported improved stress levels, use of force performance, and fitness levels since they began training. The results also highlight that officers have experienced the benefits of BJJ training, along with other martial arts, in meeting their occupational demands, and value its impact on their work performance.

Not just custody and control: Canadian correctional officers’ views on ‘care’ involved in their work

To understand the prison environment, we must acknowledge the integral role that correctional officers (COs) play in everyday functioning and structuring the living of prisoners. There are many tasks involved in CO work, some are traditional to CO work and others are less often considered. Specifically, a more thorough understanding of the tasks connected to care is needed. In the current article, we explore some of the human aspects of CO work, such as how officers view and incorporate humanity, listening, dignity, empathy and fairness into their work. Elucidating emergent themes from semi-structured interviews with 25 Canadian COs, we found officers continue to see custody and supervision as fundamental to their role, however, they also view various ‘care’ aspects as essential to their work. Officers discussed rapport building, interacting with prisoners, and centring interactions around humanity and, at times, kindness. Findings provide insight into the various approaches to correctional work and illuminate the role of care in the CO profession – if one is to achieve the rehabilitative function of their occupational responsibilities.

Multiculturalism in the law enforcement officers view: effects and challenges

The study investigated the impact of multiculturalism on law enforcement in the Luzon Region of the Philippines, focusing on its effects, challenges, and the actions taken to address these challenges. Using a qualitative case study approach, 20 law enforcers were purposefully selected as participants. Data were collected through a homemade interview guide specifically designed to delve into experiences and perspectives related to multiculturalism in law enforcement. The gathered data were then systematically collated, analyzed, and interpreted. Findings revealed that multiculturalism has a complex impact on law enforcement, producing positive, negative, and neutral effects. On the positive side, exposure to diverse cultures enhanced the cultural awareness and adaptability of some officers, fostering a more inclusive approach to policing. However, multiculturalism also posed significant challenges, particularly in terms of cultural differences, cultural dominance, and cultural erosion. Cultural differences sometimes led to misunderstandings and miscommunication, while cultural dominance created friction when one culture was perceived to overshadow or undermine others. Cultural erosion presented an additional concern, as officers struggled to maintain traditional practices in a diverse environment. In response to these issues, law enforcers employed various strategies to foster a more harmonious and effective working environment. These included promoting cultural recognition, which involved understanding and valuing the cultural backgrounds of the communities they served. Emphasizing adherence to the rule of law provided a fair and neutral framework for addressing conflicts. Additionally, implementing cultural education helped officers gain a deeper understanding of the diverse groups they interacted with, enabling them to perform their duties more effectively. Ultimately, the study concluded that while multiculturalism brings both benefits and challenges, proactive measures such as these can mitigate its negative effects, enhancing the effectiveness and inclusivity of law enforcement in a multicultural setting.

DIGITALIZATION OF JUSTICE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ELECTRONIC CRIMINAL CASE: QUESTIONS OF THEORY AND PRACTICE

The article examines the foreign experience of digitalization of justice and the development of artificial intelligence in the context of the transition to an electronic format of criminal cases. In conclusion, the authors conclude that, given the predominance of the conservative view of law enforcement officers and the legislator of the Russian Federation, only minor steps are currently taking place towards the digitalization of justice in Russia. At the same time, it was found that the introduction of various information systems and automated workplaces into practical activities, which involved the creation of a single system and a wide-ranging network, did not occur, due to the lack of a single request from the system of investigative bodies and technical capabilities, as well as the absence of an urgent need to change the order of work on the part of investigators and interrogators

Teaching student-driven modules in macroeconomics classes

The authors of this article describe three student-driven learning modules developed from their respective College Fed Challenge courses. These activities are ready-to-apply in a wide range of courses to facilitate adoption without a large time commitment. In the Pick a Policy Maker module, students gain an understanding of the diversity of policy makers by learning about the careers and views of various officials. In the Major Debates on Monetary Policy module, student groups select debates, create original charts, conduct academic research, and present their findings. In the Fun with FRED module, students learn how to work with the FRED interactive graphing tools in the FRED dashboard to analyze current and past macroeconomic data. Through these modules, students develop research, presentation, data analytics, and teamwork skills.

Views of South Korean officials of enterprises on mandatory retirement age

ABSTRACT This qualitative study explored how South Korean officials of small- and medium-sized enterprises view mandatory retirement age. Many contend that it would be difficult to abolish the Korea’s mandatory retirement age because of the seniority wage system. However, some argue that healthy, competent workers should be retained and recruited regardless of age. To promote employing older workers, adjusting circumstances by renewing contracts, adopting employment flexibility, and reducing labor union pressure have all been suggested. Additionally, a peak wage system could be promoted as an alternative to the seniority wage system. Considering that the officials participating in this study hail from diverse industries, future researchers should conduct qualitative and quantitative studies on specific sectors for an industry-specific perspective on mandatory retirement age.

Towards a Community-Based Framework for Flood Risk Management in Woodlands Park, Gweru

AbstractUrban flood risks in Zimbabwe emanate from the twin challenges of rapid urbanisation and climate change. Most urban settlements have become increasingly anchorages, which require increased adaptation through the sustainable management of urban storm water. Building on the Woodlands Park case in Gweru, this paper locates the problem of recurrent floods to the impasse between residents and council authorities on the one hand, and climatic risks reinforcing underlying rapid urbanisation challenges on the other hand. The purpose of the study was to gather the views of residents and their role in seeking solutions to the storm water management challenges. Utilising a mixed methodology, insights were drawn from field observations and purposive selection of 50 household representatives, triangulated with the views of officials from Gweru City Council (GCC). Data were obtained through in-depth interviews using semi-structured questions and analysed using thematic content analysis where participants’ views were grouped into themes according to their resemblance. By utilising Vensim PLE 7.3 Software, we applied systems thinking theory to reveal the interconnectedness of the factors leading to heightened storm water challenges. The findings showed that Woodlands Park lacks proper drainage installations that meet the standards of GCC. Some residents use personal resources to make storm drains on their yards but with differing structural dimensions. The local drainage system gets choked by silt and illegally dumped litter. Municipal authorities do not undertake routine annual drain reticulation operations, exposing houses to flooding. We argue that municipal authorities, land developers and the residents have not equitably collated their efforts to create bargained storm water management initiatives. The study proposes a community-based, low-cost flood resilience framework that engages residents with technical guidance from municipal staff.

Correctional Transgender Policy in Canada's Federal Prison System.

Since December 2017, Canada's federal correctional system provides prisoners the opportunity to be assigned to living units according to their self-identified gender. Still organized around sex, conceptually and spatially, prison policies and procedures surrounding transgender prisoners require navigation to adhere to the rights of all prisoners. Based on interviews conducted between October 2019 and October 2021 with 74 correctional officers (COs) from the Canadian federal prison system, we discuss how correctional officers view and operationalize Canada's transgender policy to understand its unintended consequences for both prisoners and prison staff. Unintended consequences revolve around the potential risk for prisoner victimization, prisoner pregnancy, lack of adequate housing, strip search complications, officers' fear of being labeled transphobic, and uncertainty and discretion; all having effects on staff wellness. The policy, although well-intended, may potentially compromise prisoner safety, making correctional work even more stressful.

Purchasing privilege? How status cues affect police suspicion in routine traffic stops

ABSTRACT A police officer’s decision to search a driver’s car during a routine traffic stop is based on many variables and indicates that the officer views the driver with suspicion. In this paper, we ask whether driving a luxury-brand car reduces police suspicion during a traffic stop. We find significant reductions in rates of search for minority drivers of luxury cars, though these benefits fade away as the car grows older. We further explore the interactions between personal identity and vehicle type and find powerful effects associated with whether the vehicle indicates occupational status. Our study is based on more than 10 million traffic stops conducted by the Texas Highway Patrol. These findings add status cues to the long list of factors that appear to influence how police treat drivers during routine traffic stops.

Prospects of cotton growing in the Caspian provinces of Iran in the assessments of officials of the Russian Empire on the eve and during the First World War

The article is devoted to the assessment of the prospects for the development of cotton growing in the Astarabad and Mazanderan provinces of Qajar Iran by the statesmen of the Russian Empire on the eve and during the First World War. The pre-war years were characterized by the intensification of Russian policy in the region. Among other things, with the active participation of the consulate in Astarabad, the formation of large Russian land ownership in the Caspian provinces and the development of peasant resettlement in the region is taking place. Cotton was considered as one of the main promising crops for breeding in the established farms, while it was the most interesting from the point of view of solving Russia’s strategic tasks to ensure the country’s resource independence. This problem is one of the little-studied in the existing historiography. On the basis of archival and published sources, the views of officials of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Resettlement Department on the problem of cotton growing are investigated. It is shown that due to the favorable climatic conditions of the region and its natural resources, the prospects for cotton cultivation for the Russian market looked promising. The connection in the ideas of the officials of the Resettlement Department of the success of cotton growing with the development of Russian peasant resettlement, the influence of the ideas of the "civilizing mission" of Russia on their considerations is also noted.

Are Memories of Use-of-Force Incidents Altered When Police Officers View Their Body-Worn Camera Footage?

For evaluations of police conduct, the Supreme Court of the United States ruling in Graham v. Connor (1989) sets the standard for deciding if an officer’s use of force was reasonable and justified. The “reasonableness” criterion, according to this ruling, must be “judged from the perspective of a reasonable officer on the scene, rather than with the 20/20 vision of hindsight.” How should “the perspective of a reasonable officer on the scene” be evaluated? The results of research indicate that viewing their body-worn camera (BWC) footage of a use-of-force incident can alter officers’ memory for what occurred during the incident, and so their perception of the event after viewing the video may be different from their actual perception “on the scene”. If an officer’s event memory is to be used to determine whether their use of force was justified, then it is important to ensure that these memories are not altered by viewing their BWC footage, which we now know can be a powerful source of post-event suggestion.

Community sport, Australian sport policy, and advocacy: The views of community sport club officials

AbstractIn Australia, the policy priorities and processes of government and national governing bodies of sport impact how community sport organizations operate. This study explored the views of community sport club (CSC) officials (n = 53) in the Illawarra region in New South Wales, where there is a disparity in impact compared with their better‐resourced urban counterparts concerning sustainability, policy, and advocacy matters. Participants were surveyed for their views about the typically top‐down policy processes, inter‐organizational relationships, and advocacy for community sport. CSC officials participated in an online survey to assess opinions on resource issues and policy processes. The findings demonstrated that community sport is challenging to sustain and that CSC officials have little influence on policy. The outcome points to an appetite for advocacy from CSC officials in policy creation. Further, the Advocacy Coalition Framework is proffered as a platform for evaluating the viability of advocacy within community sport.

The views of scientists-police officers on the problem of epidemic prevention

The subject of the study is the provisions formulated by foreign and domestic jurists in the field of policeistics regarding the prevention of epidemic threats. The article provides a comparative legal analysis of the views of cameralist authors on these issues in antithesis with the views of representatives of social Darwinism. The aim of the study is the scientific reconstruction of the political and legal model of the functioning of state power structures, namely the executive and medical police for the prevention of epidemic diseases, presented in the works of scientists-police officers of the late XVIII – early XX centuries. Abstraction, comparative legal and content analysis were chosen as the methods of study, with the help of which the works of political scientists were studied. The scope of application of the results and their novelty lies in the awareness of the value of the accumulated social and state-legal experience in the prevention of various kinds of epidemics. In the context of the emergence of a new coronavirus infection, the problem of determining and promptly applying a set of effective anti–epidemic measures has become particularly acute, many of which had deep historical roots and were reanimated as living conditions and everyday life, on the one hand, and the imperious dictates of the state, on the other. The conclusions and results of the work were accumulated on the basis of studying the works of representatives of the science of the police state and law. It was revealed that the stated problems are historically imperishable. The complex of preventive measures of an anti-epidemic nature was developed which historically spontaneously and entered into the usual norms of everyday life in Russia since ancient times. Since the XIV century, all kinds of quarantine and other restrictive measures have been taken to counteract mass diseases. At the same time, these diverse measures had a common focus despite the various sources of origin and development.