Office Machines Research Articles

Electric furniture

The number of office machines being used at individual workstations is expanding rapidly and the manufacturers of system furniture have had to deal with the need to route power, telephone and data processing cables from one workstation to the next through the furniture. Is it an option applicable to your circumstances?

Teletex—A worldwide link among office systems for electronic document exchange

Teletex is a new international telecommunication service that provides direct electronic document exchange between such office text machines as electronic typewriters and word processors that are equipped with transmitting and receiving storages. Teletex is an international standard aimed at integrating office products and worldwide telecommunication. It represents a major step in the development of the office of the future. This paper traces the development of Teletex, describes its characteristics, and looks at how this service may be extended in the future.

Productivity and Machine Design: The Case of a Lettering Machine

An office lettering machine was put through an operability test, and it was discovered that most of the lettering errors seemed to be the result of parallax between a pointer and its scale. A repeat test of the same lettering task with the same machine - but with reduced parallax - showed a 78% drop in the lettering errors. The study demonstrates the effect of machine design on efficiency and productivity, and points to the need to evaluate products in their design stage to optimize the user interface.

Computer Crime: Insecurity in Numbers

Computer Crime: Insecurity in Numbers

The Identification of an Office Machine Copy of a Printed Copy of a Photographic Copy of an Original Sales Receipt

Abstract Document examiners are often asked to examine copies in lieu of originals. Although copies frequently limit the forensic examination, they sometimes provide evidence that greatly increases their investigative importance and prosecutorial value. This paper presents one such case recently examined at the Southern Region Crime Laboratory of the U.S. Postal Inspection Service. The case involved large numbers of office machine copies of gasoline sales receipts used to support a series of false claims. Laboratory examinations of the copies disclosed evidence that led to their positive association with the original and with several previous generations of copies produced by a variety of reproductive methods.

Experimental Study of Effects on Speed and Accuracy of Teaching Alternate-Hand Method on a Ten-Key Electronic Calculator

This study was designed to test validity of the assumption that 10-key electronic calculators should always be operated with the right hand, with no regard to the natural preference for tight or left hand by the operator. The question was whether the theory universally accepted in typewriting (of naturally expecting the student to use both hands) necessarily applies to office machines techniques. The hypothesis was that students who naturally use the right hand to write will achieve equal or greater speed and accuracy by operating 10-key electronic calculators with the left hand. Right-handed trainees were randomly divided into right- or left-handed keyboarding groups. Multivariate analysis showed treatment on both speed and errors was significant, and univariate analysis indicated treatment on speed was significant. It may be possible to improve speed in the operation of office machines, with no significant loss of accuracy, by instructing trainees to operate the keyboard with the alternate hand and record answers with the dominant hand.

Technical Considerations for Establishing Requirements Pertaining to Broad-Band EMI from Data-Processing Equipment and Office Machines

This paper extends the scope of earlier narrow-band work to include control of broad-band emission sources which can exist independently of, or in conjunction with, narrow-band sources in electronic data-processing (EDP) and office-machine (OM) equipment (products). While both narrow-band and broad-band noise sources have the potential for RF interference with communication services, our experience with broad-band problems has shown this class of sources to be much less significant than the low incidence of actual narrow-band component EDP interference problems examined in the initial paper [1]. Limits are discussed considering the empirical data base and need for international harmonization of interference requirements

Technical Considerations for Establishing Narrow-Band EMI Requirements for Data-Processing Equipment and Office Machines

Technology studies of the electromagnetic emanation charactersitics of electronic data processing (EDP) and office machine (OM) equipment was initiated within IBM about a decade ago. Since then, experimental and theoretical studies have been made of both radiated and conducted modes of electromagnetic propagation, and, in particular, the relationship of this propagation to communication receiver interference has been explored. This paper focuses on: 1) development of a worst-case narrow band interference model for most classes of communication services in the United States, and 2) a general approach to narrow band radiated and conducted limit setting. The low incidence of narrow band EDP interference problems is examined, and a statistical estimate of EMI is made for TV services (radiated) and AM radio (conducted). The significance of various limit levels is then discussed.

「事務機械の最近の進歩」小特集号発刊に際して(<小特集>事務機械の最近の進歩)

「事務機械の最近の進歩」小特集号発刊に際して(<小特集>事務機械の最近の進歩)

電子式卓上計算機の現状と将来(<小特集>事務機械の最近の進歩)

電子式卓上計算機の現状と将来(<小特集>事務機械の最近の進歩)

オフィスコンピュータの動向(<小特集>事務機械の最近の進歩)

オフィスコンピュータの動向(<小特集>事務機械の最近の進歩)

国鉄の電話による座席予約システム : 音声応答(<小特集>事務機械の最近の進歩)

国鉄の電話による座席予約システム : 音声応答(<小特集>事務機械の最近の進歩)

最近の複写機と複写技術(<小特集>事務機械の最近の進歩)

最近の複写機と複写技術(<小特集>事務機械の最近の進歩)

オフィスコンピュータとその関連システム(<小特集>事務機械の最近の進歩)

オフィスコンピュータとその関連システム(<小特集>事務機械の最近の進歩)

Raising productivity in typing

The ubiquitous typewriter is certainly the office machine we could not do without. Every year in the UK at least a quarter of a million people learn some way or another to type. How many of these go on to become livelihood‐earning typists we cannot say for sure, but by the records of examining bodies the figure can hardly be fewer than 100 000. Even so, the supply of competent, trained typists does not meet the continually rising demand. Are there ways in which productivity could be raised, so as to bring supply nearer to meeting demand? Four possible approaches to this consideration may be the machine; the typist and the typing; the input; the supply of trained typists. The last of these has so many social, economic and political ramifications that it is discarded to await the results of more research.

Office Machine Noise Control

High-speed printing or punching mechanism in office machines may result in unsatisfactory noise environments in offices. To improve the acoustical environment, machine users are faced with reducing the machine noise without altering the machine mechanisms or noise sources. Two noise reduction options available are (a) improving the noise reduction of the machine cover, and (b) the installation of partial or full enclosure around the machine. This paper discusses some case histories in which the merits of these two approaches have been investigated.

Office Machine Quieting

Noise problems occur when machines that type, punch, duplicate, etc., are installed in large office areas. These office areas are staffed primarily by women who operate the machines. The noise levels generated by the machines may be high enough to make speech unintelligible and telephone usage difficult. In addition, the people working in a noisy environment may become annoyed. This annoyance often causes absenteeism and high staff turnover, which may result in inefficient and uneconomical operation. A 6–10 dBA reduction in noise levels can be achieved by treating the covers of the machines with damping compound and sealing openings that transmit the sound generated by the operating mechanism. This noise reduction does not affect the performance of the machine.

The compleat computer center

When computers first came into common use, scientists reported their amazement and pleasure at the speed at which calculations that would have taken human beings months and years had been accomplished in hours and minutes. As computers have increased their power, the minutes have shrunk to seconds and to fractions of seconds. This acceleration has so affected the scientists' sense of productiveness that today's extraordinary speed has become the ordinary expectation; desire for still greater speed has pushed some scientists to assume an active role in their university's choice of new computers. This emphasis on enhanced possibilities of scholarly productiveness through machines may have been preceded by earlier hopes for the typewriter and adding machine, but the temptations brought by the computer are far deeper and more widespread than those aroused by those veteran office machines. As scholars in the humanities have become more acquainted with computers, they, like the scientists, have begun to chafe at the limits current data processing machines place on them. Most recently they have been roused to new dreams of glory by the arrival, on major campuses, of the era of massive processors. Speeds for accessing information are approaching trillionths of a second and storage devices holding a trillion characters of information are in the offing. High-speed printers operating at 1,100 lines a minute seem already dated when compared with microfilm output at the equivalerit of 20,000 lines a minute. Plans for campus and national networks of computers and terminals add to the sense of an immense power at the disposal ocf the student of language, literature, and culture. The awe of technology and power that recurrently plagues modern scholars seems to be at work in the response to characteristics of the latest computers. It is as though, suddenly, all vexing resistance of man and his works to orderly understanding were about to give way. The image of humanistic scholars concerned with computers gathering together to exchange news about data bases, line printer speeds, and file techniques is sometimes upsetting. The cart seems to be in front of the horse. Can we conceive of scholars of the generation of Taine, Willamowitz, and Acton enthusing about carbon paper or typewriters to the extent of subordinating concern for the intellectual substance of their research? Nevertheless, it is difficult to resist the notion that using computers for a large scale and precise manipulation of texts would greatly enhance the power of contemporary scholarship. For this reason, the irritation at current machine limits among interested humanities scholars is under-

Measurements of the noise produced by a small office machine

Measurements of the overall noise level, and of the noise produced by a small office machine in 1 3 octave bands from 100 to 12,500 Hz were made in the Liverpool University reverberation room. The noise produced on the A scale was also measured. From the measurements, the A scale level and the frequency spectrum of the noise expected in a typical 1000 ft 3 room with a reverberation time of 1 2 sec were determined. The acoustic power of the machine was also calculated.

Review of: “Anthropometric Recommendations for Dimensions of Office Machine Operators’ Chairs and Desks” British Standards Institution, 3s.

Review of: “Anthropometric Recommendations for Dimensions of Office Machine Operators’ Chairs and Desks” British Standards Institution, 3s.