Off-axis Integrated Cavity Output Spectroscopy Research Articles

Variations and determinants of CO2 concentration and δ13C in Platycladus orientalis plantation in Beijing mountainous area, China

This research employed off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy technique to observe CO2 concentration and δ13C values of planted Platycladus orientalis in Beijing mountainous area. We compared the variation between CO2 concentration and δ13C values in the plantation at different heights observed by every 0.5 h to explore how the CO2 concentration and δ13C values responded to the meteorological factors. The results showed that the CO2 concentration showed the pattern of "first decreased and then increased" after sunrise. The lowest value (352.5 μmol·mol-1) appeared at 16:00-16:30, while the maximum value (402.0 μmol·mol-1) was observed at about 5:00. However, the change of δ13C value was not significant and regular, which increased firstly and then decreased in the surface layer while opposite for the canopy. Atmospheric CO2 concentration decreased with the increasing height. In the height of 0, 2, 5, 8, 12.5 and 18 m, the average daily value was 386.5, 369.9, 368.2, 367.8, 367.9 and 367.9 μmol·mol-1, respectively. In contrast, the δ13C values tended to rise correspondingly with height with the average daily value being -16.0‰, -13.7‰, -13.5‰, -13.5‰, -13.1‰ and -13.3% at 0, 2, 5, 8, 12.5 and 18 m, respectively. The stepwise regression analysis showed that temperature and humidity were the main factors for the changes of atmospheric CO2 concentration and δ13C values. The saturated vapor pressure difference (VPD) affected the concentration of CO2 in the forest and wind speed could affect it on the canopy. However, soil moisture, soil electric conductivity and net solar radiation affected the CO2 concentration and δ13C values in surface layer. All these environmental factors influenced CO2 concentration and δ13C values through their influences on the photosynthesis and respiration.

No influence of CO2 on stable isotope analyses of soil waters with off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (OA-ICOS).

RationaleIt was recently shown that the presence of CO2 affects the stable isotope (δ2H and δ18O values) analysis of water vapor via Wavelength‐Scanned Cavity Ring‐Down Spectroscopy. Here, we test how much CO2 is emitted from soil samples and if the CO2 in the headspace influences the isotope analysis with the direct equilibration method by Off‐Axis Integrated Cavity Output Spectroscopy (OA‐ICOS).MethodsThe headspace above different amounts of sparkling water was sampled, and its stable isotopic composition (δ2H and δ18O values) and CO2 concentration were measured by direct equilibration and by gas chromatography, respectively. In addition, the headspace above soil samples was analyzed in the same way. Furthermore, the gravimetric water content and the loss on ignition were measured for the soil samples.ResultsThe experiment with the sparkling water showed that CO2 does not influence the stable isotope analysis by OA‐ICOS. CO2 was emitted from the soil samples and correlated with the isotopic fractionation signal, but no causal relationship between the two was determined. Instead, the fractionation signal in pore water isotopes can be explained by soil evaporation and the CO2 can be related to soil moisture and organic matter which both enhance microbial activity.ConclusionsWe found, despite the high CO2 emissions from soil samples, no need for a post‐correction of the pore water stable isotope analysis results, since there is no relation between CO2 concentrations and the stable isotope results of vapor samples obtained with OA‐ICOS. © 2016 The Authors. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

基于波长调制的离轴积分腔输出光谱技术

基于波长调制的离轴积分腔输出光谱技术

Assessment of recent advances in measurement techniques for atmospheric carbon dioxide and methane observations

Abstract. Until recently, atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) measurements were made almost exclusively using nondispersive infrared (NDIR) absorption and gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection (GC/FID) techniques, respectively. Recently, commercially available instruments based on spectroscopic techniques such as cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS), off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (OA-ICOS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy have become more widely available and affordable. This resulted in a widespread use of these techniques at many measurement stations. This paper is focused on the comparison between a CRDS "travelling instrument" that has been used during performance audits within the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) programme of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) with instruments incorporating other, more traditional techniques for measuring CO2 and CH4 (NDIR and GC/FID). We demonstrate that CRDS instruments and likely other spectroscopic techniques are suitable for WMO/GAW stations and allow a smooth continuation of historic CO2 and CH4 time series. Moreover, the analysis of the audit results indicates that the spectroscopic techniques have a number of advantages over the traditional methods which will lead to the improved accuracy of atmospheric CO2 and CH4 measurements.

Validation of the doubly labeled water method using integrated cavity output spectroscopy against isotope ratio mass spectrometry and whole‐room indirect calorimetry

BackgroundThe doubly‐labeled water (DLW) method is the gold standard methodology for determination of free‐living energy expenditure. Isotope enrichments have traditionally been determined by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), but new technologies are emerging, such as off‐axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (OA‐ICOS). We have previously shown that compared to IRMS, OA‐ICOS provides comparable isotope enrichments of standard waters and of human urine samples, and to carbon dioxide (CO2) production measured using whole‐room indirect calorimetry (IC). In this study, we compared CO2 production in humans measured using OA‐ICOS and IRMS to simultaneous whole‐room indirect calorimetry (IC) measurements over a period of 7 days.Methods12 subjects (5 male, 7 female; age=24 to 63 yrs.; body mass index=19.4 to 46.4 kg/m2) were studied for 7 consecutive days in the IC. Prior to entry on the first day, subjects consumed an oral dose of 0.25 g H218O (95% APE) and 0.14 g 2H2O (99.8% APE) per kg of total body water (estimated as 73% of fat free mass, measured using Dual X‐ray Absorptiometry). Urine samples were obtained daily, and the samples on day 1 and 8 were used to measure average CO2 production over the 7 days using both OA‐ICOS and IRMS.ResultsAverage estimated CO2 production by IC, TIWA, and IRMS was 413.6±69.4, 400.6±74.5, and 385.5±71.1 L/day (P=0.03), respectively (mean±SD). Post‐hoc comparisons indicated significant differences in CO2 production between IRMS and IC (95% confidence interval of difference = +3.7 to +52.5 L/min), but not between TIWA and IC (−11.4 to 37.5 L/min) or TIWA and IRMS (−9.3 to 39.5 L/min). CO2 production measured with the different instruments were significantly correlated: TIWA vs. IC (r=0.89), IRMS vs. IC (r=0.93), IRMS vs. TIWA (r=0.86).ConclusionsOA‐ICOS produces valid measurements of CO2 production compared to IC, and comparable results to IRMS. OA‐ICOS provides a valid and viable alternative to IRMS for DLW studies in humans.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by NIH SBIR 1R43DK093362‐01, The Colorado Nutrition and Obesity Research Center (P30 DK048520) and Colorado Clinical and Translational Science Institute (UL1 TR000154).

Advances in deuterium dioxide concentration measurement

The deuterium–tritium (D–T) reaction has been identified as the most efficient reaction for fusion devices. Deuterium can be obtained by heavy water electrolysis. Heavy water (D2O) with a high purity level is necessary for nuclear fusion application. A D2O isotopic analysis is thus very important. A system for a heavy water analysis was built and a newly designed isotopic analysis experiment was carried out. We tried to analyze the D2O purity using Fourier Transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and newly introduced off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (OA-ICOS). We found that the OA-ICOS based on measurement via laser absorption spectroscopy shows very high sensitivity. We ameliorated the sensitivity by an order of magnitude of more than 103–105. We could make the apparatus smaller by employing very tiny diode laser and fiber optics elements of a DFB (Distributed Feedback) type. Consequently, our device has advantages in terms of maintainability and mobility even in a radioactive environment. This new method could be used for an accurate isotopic analysis in the future.

High-sensitive off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy and its measurement of ambient CO2 at 2 μm

An off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (OA-ICOS) is established by using a fiber-coupled distributed feedback diode laser operating near 2 μm. Its performances are evaluated and optimized through experimental investigation via detecting the pure CH4 absorptions at different pressures. The reflectivity of the cavity mirror is measured to be 0.99865, which results in the effective total optical pathlength of up to 407.4 m based on a 55 cm cavity. It is shown that the OA-ICOS configuration can be used to obtain very long optical pathlength, leading to pretty high sensitive monitoring of atmospheric trace gases. Based on the developed OA-ICOS, the atmospheric CO2 measurements are made and its performance is improved by using the wavelet denoising approach. The CO2 absorption line at 4993.7431 cm-1 is used for measuring the concentration. The measured results are compared with the results obtaind by a commercial H2O/CO2 analyzer. Agreement and disagreement are briefly discussed, and the results show that the OA-ICOS is reliable for detecting the atmospheric trace gases. The limitation of the developed OA-ICOS and the further steps towards the improvement in precision and accuracy are also presented.

Quantum cascade laser-based sensors for the detection of exhaled carbon monoxide

Carbon monoxide (CO) is an important biomarker as it originates in the human body from the heme (component of hemoglobin) degradation. Tunable laser absorption spectroscopy in the mid-infrared wavelength region is used for sensitive trace gas sensing of exhaled carbon monoxide (CO). Based on a quantum cascade laser emitting at 4.61 µm, two different spectroscopic methods are investigated: off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (OA-ICOS) and wavelength modulation 2f/1f spectroscopy (WMS). The optical sensors integrate a slow feedback system to correct for wavelength drifts improving their stability over days. Both approaches demonstrate a high reproducibility and sensitivity during online measurements of exhaled human breath. Considering the detection limit to be the equal to the standard deviation of the background fluctuations, the noise-equivalent detection limit for both OA-ICOS and WMS is 7 ppbv (1-s averaging time), leading to a noise-equivalent absorption sensitivity of 3.1 × 10−7 cm−1 Hz−1/2, which is sufficient for measurements of exhaled CO (eCO). Collection and measurements of eCO samples were investigated, and different exhalation flow rates and breath-holding time were explored, to provide a reliable sampling method for future medical investigations.

High-precision surface-level CO2 and CH4 using off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (OA-ICOS) over Shadnagar, India

An enhanced performance model of the greenhouse gas analyser (GGA) instrument from Los Gatos Research (LGR), which uses off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (OA-ICOS) technology to obtain highly precise and accurate measurements, has been installed at the National Remote Sensing Center (NRSC), Shadnagar with the objective of generating a long-term record of measurements conforming to standards set by the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO). A calibration procedure to ensure the precision and accuracy of measurements was formulated using National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-Earth System Research Laboratory (NOAA-ESRL) calibration gases bearing WMO certification. The 10 s (1 σ) average precision of carbon dioxide (CO2) and (methane (CH4)) measurements by the GGA was 101 parts per billion volume (0.30 ppbv) and accuracy 78 ppbv (0.24 ppbv), respectively. The 5 s average of 1 Hz measurements was used to compute precision, which varied from 92.52 to 116.36 ppbv (1σ, 1 Hz = 0.66 parts per million volume (ppmv), WMO-2009)) for CO2 and CH4 0.45 ppbv to 0.55 ppbv (1 σ, 1 Hz = 2.48 ppbv, WMO-2009) respectively. Diurnal variation of greenhouse gas concentrations, temperature, and pressure, showed high fluctuations when cavity pressure and temperature varied from the standard values. The residuals of dry mixing ratios with respect to (w.r.t.) the NOAA span gases varied from +30 to −60 ppbv for CO2 and ±0.35 ppbv for CH4. A case study using the corrected observations over 1 year revealed the role of wind velocity and anthropogenic emissions, as well as the seasonal variations in the ambient concentrations of CO2 and CH4 gases near the surface.

High-resolution continuous-flow analysis setup for water isotopic measurement from ice cores using laser spectroscopy

Abstract. Here we present an experimental setup for water stable isotope (δ18O and δD) continuous-flow measurements and provide metrics defining the performance of the setup during a major ice core measurement campaign (Roosevelt Island Climate Evolution; RICE). We also use the metrics to compare alternate systems. Our setup is the first continuous-flow laser spectroscopy system that is using off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (OA-ICOS; analyzer manufactured by Los Gatos Research, LGR) in combination with an evaporation unit to continuously analyze water samples from an ice core. A Water Vapor Isotope Standard Source (WVISS) calibration unit, manufactured by LGR, was modified to (1) enable measurements on several water standards, (2) increase the temporal resolution by reducing the response time and (3) reduce the influence from memory effects. While this setup was designed for the continuous-flow analysis (CFA) of ice cores, it can also continuously analyze other liquid or vapor sources. The custom setups provide a shorter response time (~ 54 and 18 s for 2013 and 2014 setup, respectively) compared to the original WVISS unit (~ 62 s), which is an improvement in measurement resolution. Another improvement compared to the original WVISS is that the custom setups have a reduced memory effect. Stability tests comparing the custom and WVISS setups were performed and Allan deviations (σAllan) were calculated to determine precision at different averaging times. For the custom 2013 setup the precision after integration times of 103 s is 0.060 and 0.070 ‰ for δ18O and δD, respectively. The corresponding σAllan values for the custom 2014 setup are 0.030, 0.060 and 0.043 ‰ for δ18O, δD and δ17O, respectively. For the WVISS setup the precision is 0.035, 0.070 and 0.042 ‰ after 103 s for δ18O, δD and δ17O, respectively. Both the custom setups and WVISS setup are influenced by instrumental drift with δ18O being more drift sensitive than δD. The σAllan values for δ18O are 0.30 and 0.18 ‰ for the custom 2013 and WVISS setup, respectively, after averaging times of 104 s (2.78 h). Using response time tests and stability tests, we show that the custom setups are more responsive (shorter response time), whereas the University of Copenhagen (UC) setup is more stable. More broadly, comparisons of different setups address the challenge of integrating vaporizer/spectrometer isotope measurement systems into a CFA campaign with many other analytical instruments.

Combining Denitrifying Bacteria and Laser Spectroscopy for Isotopic Analyses (δ(15)N, δ(18)O) of Dissolved Nitrate.

We present a novel approach for nitrogen (δ(15)N) and oxygen (δ(18)O) isotopic analysis of nitrate in water based on the isotopic analysis of N2O produced from the conversion of NO3(-) by cultured denitrifying bacteria and off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (OA-ICOS). The headspace N2O was manually injected into an OA-ICOS isotopic N2O laser analyzer through a syringe septum port. Sample analysis time was ∼300 s. The use of OA-ICOS technology yields accurate and precise δ(15)N and δ(18)O results for dissolved nitrate samples when nonlinearity issues are considered. This new isotope analytical technique thus improves the isotopic analysis of nitrates by (i) providing accurate measurements of δ(15)N and δ(18)O without preconcentration, (ii) eliminating interferences by other gas substances (i.e., H2O and CO2), and (iii) reducing extensive maintenance and costs of isotope ratio mass spectrometers (IRMS). This approach will greatly streamline the identification and quantification of nitrate sources in aquatic systems.

Sub ppb CO Gas Measurement Using a Non Invasive QCL Laser Absorption Spectrometer Technique

A sensitive gas detection system using a distributed feedback CW Quantum Cascade Laser (QCL) centered at 4610 nm as a radiation source has been developed. QCL was used in combination with an off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (ICOS) for Carbon Monoxide (CO) gas detection in a low gas pressure. a 15 cm long high-finesse cavity with an effective optical path length of 400 m has been used as a sample gas cell. We demonstrated detection limit of 1 ppbv with less than 2 second averaging time. The best detection limit is obtained at 0.4 ppbv for a 128 s acquisition time. All measurement results has shown that the QCL based ICOS detector system proved to be suitable for monitoring CO gas in a low gas pressure condition with sub-ppb sensitivity.

Equilibrator-based measurements of dissolved methane in the surface ocean using an integrated cavity output laser absorption spectrometer

A new off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (ICOS) is coupled to Weiss equilibrator for continuous high-resolution dissolved methane measurement in the surface ocean. The time constant for the equilibrator in freshwater at room temperature is determined via dis-equilibration and re-equilibration experiments. The constant for methane is about 40 min. The system is calibrated using a standard gas of 3.980×10−6, and the precision of the ICOS for methane is 0.07%. This system is equipped onboard to measure the spatial distribution in methane concentrations of South Yellow Sea (SYS) along the cruise track from Shanghai to Qingdao. Result shows that the methane concentration varies from 2.79 to 36.36 nmol/L, reveals a significant pattern of methane source in SYS, and a distinct decreasing trend from south to north. The peak value occurs at the coast area outside mouth of the Changjiang River, likely to be affected by the Changjiang diluted water mass dissolving a large amount of rich in methane. Moreover, all the surface waters are oversaturated, air-to-sea fluxes range from 98.59 to 5 485.35 μmol/(m2·d) (average value (1 169.74±1 398.46) μmol/(m2·d)), indicating a source region for methane to the atmosphere.

Inter- and intraindividual correlations of background abundances of 2H, 18O and 17O in human urine and implications for DLW measurements

The method of choice for measuring total energy expenditure in free-living individuals is the doubly labeled water (DLW) method. This experiment examined the behavior of natural background isotope abundance fluctuations within and between individuals over time to assess possible methods of accounting for variations in the background isotope abundances to potentially improve the precision of the DLW measurement. In this work, we measured natural background variations in (2)H, (18)O and (17)O in water from urine samples collected from 40 human subjects who resided in the same geographical area. Each subject provided a urine sample for 30 consecutive days. Isotopic abundances in the samples were measured using Off-Axis Integrated Cavity Output Spectroscopy. Autocorrelation analyses demonstrated that the background isotopes in a given individual were not temporally correlated over the time scales of typical DLW studies. Using samples obtained from different individuals on the same calendar day, cross-correlation analyses demonstrated that the background variations of different individuals were not correlated in time. However, the measured ratios of the three isotopes (2)H, (18)O and (17)O were highly correlated (R(2)=0.89-0.96). Although neither specific timing of DLW water studies nor intraindividual comparisons were found to be avenues for reducing the impact of background isotope abundance fluctuations on DLW studies, strong inter-isotope correlations within an individual confirm that use of a dosing ratio of 8‰:1‰ (0.6 p.p.m.: p.p.m.) optimizes DLW precision. Theoretical implications for the possible use of (17)O measurements within a DLW study require further study.

A compact laser-based spectrometer for detection of C2H2 in exhaled breath and HCN in vitro

We report on the development of a compact prototype near-infrared DBR laser-based spectrometer employing off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy. The spectrometer is capable of simultaneous detection of acetylene (C2H2) and CO2 at 1,529.2 nm as well as hydrogen cyanide (HCN) at 1,533.5 nm. The detection limits of 8 ppbv for C2H2 and 80 ppbv for HCN are achieved for the acquisition time of 1 s. The setup has been tested for online measurements of C2H2 in exhaled breath of a smoking subject and HCN resulting from the metabolism of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria in vitro. Further improvements of the performance of the spectrometer are discussed.

Sensitivity enhancement in off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy.

We report on a detailed model of an improved three mirror off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (OA-ICOS) setup, which re-injects the light reflected by the optical cavity. The model simulates the impact of design parameters on instrument sensitivity and can be used for any off-axis configuration. We demonstrate the application of this model for the real-time detection of ethylene with a pulsed quantum cascade laser (QCL). The three mirror OA-ICOS scheme provides a 10 times increase in signal-to-noise ratio as compared to standard OA-ICOS, resulting in a noise equivalent absorption sensitivity of 1.5 x 10(-8) cm(-1) Hz(-1/2).

In situ measurement of dissolved methane and carbon dioxide in freshwater ecosystems by off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy.

A novel low-cost method for the combined, real-time, and in situ determination of dissolved methane and carbon dioxide concentrations in freshwater ecosystems was designed and developed. This method is based on the continuous sampling of water from a freshwater ecosystem to a gas/liquid exchange membrane. Dissolved gas is transferred through the membrane to a continuous flow of high purity nitrogen, which is then measured by an off-axis integrated cavity output spectrometer (OA-ICOS). This method, called M-ICOS, was carefully tested in a laboratory and was subsequently applied to four lakes in Mexico and Alaska with contrasting climates, ecologies, and morphologies. The M-ICOS method allowed for the determination of dissolved methane and carbon dioxide concentrations with a frequency of 1 Hz and with a method detection limit of 2.76 × 10(-10) mol L(-1) for methane and 1.5 × 10(-7) mol L(-1) for carbon dioxide. These detection limits are below saturated concentrations with respect to the atmosphere and significantly lower than the minimum concentrations previously reported in lakes. The method is easily operable by a single person from a small boat, and the small size of the suction probe allows the determination of dissolved gases with a minimized impact on shallow freshwater ecosystems.

Three mirror off axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy for the detection of ethylene using a quantum cascade laser

We demonstrate the performance of a compact and robust gas sensor based on a pulsed distributed feedback quantum cascade laser (QCL, laser pulses 30ns, repetition rate 1MHz) in combination with off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (OA-ICOS) in an improved 3 mirror configuration. The room temperature laser (wavelength 915cm−1) was wavelength tuned over ∼0.25cm−1 with a 4kHz repetition frequency. A detection limit of 10 ppbv (part-per-billion volume) for regular OA-ICOS is demonstrated for ethylene in 2min averaging time, which is equal to a noise equivalent absorption sensitivity (NEAS) of 1×10−8cm−1Hz−1/2. An improved three mirror configuration OA-ICOS scheme showed a four times increase in sensitivity as compared to standard OA-ICOS, resulting in a NEAS of 2.5×10−9cm−1Hz−1/2. The sensor was used for ethylene detection from apples, stored under controlled atmosphere conditions.

Residual gas analyzer mass spectrometry for human breath analysis: a new tool for the non-invasive diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection

A residual gas analyzer (RGA) coupled with a high vacuum chamber is described for the non-invasive diagnosis of the Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection through 13C-urea breath analysis. The present RGA-based mass spectrometry (MS) method is capable of measuring high-precision 13CO2 isotope enrichments in exhaled breath samples from individuals harboring the H. pylori infection. The system exhibited 100% diagnostic sensitivity, and 93% specificity alongside positive and negative predictive values of 95% and 100%, respectively, compared with invasive endoscopy-based biopsy tests. A statistically sound diagnostic cut-off value for the presence of H. pylori was determined to be 3.0‰ using a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The diagnostic accuracy and validity of the results are also supported by optical off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy measurements. The δ13DOBC‰ values of both methods correlated well (R2 = 0.9973 at 30 min). The RGA-based instrumental setup described here is simple, robust, easy-to-use and more portable and cost-effective compared to all other currently available detection methods, thus making it a new point-of-care medical diagnostic tool for the purpose of large-scale screening of the H. pylori infection in real time. The RGA-MS technique should have broad applicability for 13C-breath tests in a wide range of biomedical research and clinical diagnostics for many other diseases and metabolic disorders.

동위원소비 적외선 분광법(IRIS)을 이용한 물 안정동위원소 분석

물의 <TEX>$^{18}O/^{16}O$</TEX>와 <TEX>$^2H/H$</TEX> 조성을 레이저를 이용하여 분석하는 기술은 기존의 IRMS를 이용한 분석방식에 비해 간편한 시료 전처리, 쉬운 장비 유지보수와 현장에서도 응용이 가능하다는 장점을 가지고 있다. 현재 사용되는 레이저 방식을 이용한 물의 안정동위원소 분석은 분석원리에 따라 OA-ICOS(Off-Axis Integrated Cavity Output Spectroscopy)를 이용한 방식과 WS-CRDS(Wavelength-Scanned Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy)를 이용한 방식으로 구분된다. WS-CRDS 방식은 기화된 물 시료를 질소 가스를 이용해 광학 공동(optical cavity)로 이동시킨 후 특정 파장에서의 동위원소체가 가지고 있는 흡수도와 레이저를 투과시켜 광학 공동을 투과하여 나오는 레이저 신호의 감쇠시간의 비측정을 통해 수 ppb에서 수십 ppt까지의 감도로 물의 안정동위원소 조성이 측정 가능하다. 이 연구에서는 WS-CRDS 방식의 분석원리와실제 물시료를 활용하여 기기의 안정성과 동위원소비 질량분석기(Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry; IRMS) 방법과의 교차분석을 포함한 기기 성능평가 결과를 소개하고 수리학 분야에서 다양한 주제에 대한 적용 가능성을 제시하였다. Recently, stable isotopes (<TEX>${\delta}^{18}O$</TEX> and <TEX>${\delta}D$</TEX>) of water are increasingly analyzed using laser-based technologies. These methods have advantages over Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS) in that they can be used for in-situ measurements and require much less maintenance and preparation work. Two types of laser-based methods are currently available, which have different analytical principles; OA-ICOS (off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy) and WS-CRDS (wavelength-scanned cavity ring-down spectroscopy). In the WS-CRDS instrument, water is vaporized at controlled environment and transferred to an optical cavity by nitrogen carrier gas, and stable isotopic compositions of water vapor are measured using the degree of absorbance of specific wavelengths and the ratios of attenuation time of the laser intensity with the sensitivity of ppb to tens of ppt level. In this study, we introduce the principle of the WS-CRDS technology and the performance results including stability and comparisons with Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS) and suggest possible applications of various topics in isotope hydrology.