Odorata Extract Research Articles

An evaluation of the anticancer activity in Hopea odorata extracts

Possible anticancer characteristics of Hopea Odorata extracts were investigated by cell proliferation and viability studies of cells in culture. The mechanism of action was studied by determining the rate of apoptosis and expression of protein involved in signal transduction. The result indicated that the butanol extract of H. Odorata had selective inhibition to both Hep G2 and Chang cells with IC50 of 20.14 and 377 µg/ml, respectively. Growth inhibition by the extract showed an increased of apoptosis at concentration of 25 µg/ml. Cell study demonstrated morphologic changes characteristic of apoptosis such as chromatin condensation and fragmentation, as well as formation of apoptotic bodies. However, MAPK kinase signal transduction pathway indicated no difference in ERK1 and ERK2 expression level after exposure at varying time. P53 protein level also showed no changes in expression compared to control. In conclusion, the increase in apoptosis observed was not due to changes in MAPK pathways involving ERK1, ERK 2 and p53 but may involve other pathway, which require further investigation. Key words: Antiproliferation, Hopea Odorata, apoptosis.

EKSPLORASI POTENSI GULMA SIAM (CHROMOLAENA ODORATA) SEBAGAI BIOFUNGISIDA PENGENDALI PHYTOPHTHORA PALMIVORA YANG DIISOLASI DARI BUAH KAKAO

The research was aimed to investigate: (1) distribution and population of Chromolaena odorata (siam weed) in different land-uses (paddy field, untreated land, houseyard, roadside and river/irigation side) in Bandar Lampung, South Lampung, Tanggamus, and East Lampung; (2) effect of C. odorata extract on in-vitro growth of Phytophthora palmivora, (3) effect of C. odorata extract on development of fruit rot symptom caused by P. palmivora on cocoa pod in the laboratory and in the field. Collecting of P. palmivora isolates and recording distribution and population of C. odorata were conducted in several locations known as endemic areas of cocoa pod rot disease. The effect of C. odorata extract on the growth of P. palmivora on agar media and cocoa pods was determine in the Laboratory of Plant Disease, Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung. Field experiment was performed in a cocoa plantation in Kemiling, Bandar Lampung. The results showed that C. odorata weed can be found in all of the land-uses surveyed, but the highest population was found in the untreated land-use. The tips (young leaves and stems) extract of C. odorata showed a greater inhibition effect on the growth of P. palmivora compared to the root extract. The tips extract showed the best inhibition in-vitro growth of P. palmivora at 40% concentration level, inhibited symptom development on cocoa pods in the laboratory at 50% concentration level, and on cocoa pods in the field at 60% concentration level.

Separation of anti-neoplastic activities by fractionation of a Pluchea odorata extract

Natural products continue to represent the main source for therapeutics, and ethnopharmacological remedies from high biodiversity regions are a rich source for the development of novel drugs. Hence, in our attempt to find new anti-neoplastic activities we focused on ethno-medicinal plants of the Maya, who live in the world's third richest area in vascular plant species. Pluchea odorata (Asteraceae) is traditionally used for the treatment of various inflammatory disorders and recently, the in vitro anti-cancer activities of different extracts of this plant were described. Here, we present the results of bioassay-guided fractionations of the dichloromethane extract of P. odorata that aimed to enrich the active principles. The separation resulted in fractions which showed the dissociation of two distinct anti-neoplastic mechanisms; firstly, a genotoxic effect that was accompanied by tubulin polymerization, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis (fraction F2/11), and secondly, an effect that interfered with the orchestrated expression of Cyclin D1, Cdc25A, and Cdc2 and that also led to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis (fraction F3/4). Thus, the elimination of generally toxic properties and beyond that the development of active principles of P. odorata, which disturb cancer cell cycle progression, are of interest for potential future therapeutic concepts against proliferative diseases.

Investigation of synergistic effects of extracts from Erythrophleum suaveolens, Azadirachta indica, and Chromolaena odorata on the durability of Antiaris toxicaria

The service life of non-durable wood can be extended with inorganic preservatives, but several are harmful to the environment and non-target organisms. Recently, eco-friendly types from organic sources including plants have been used. The influence of bark extracts from Erythrophleum suaveolens and Azadirachta indica, and leaf extract from Chromolaena odorata, singly and in combinations (all at 1.5%) was investigated in field performance tests with non-durable Antiaris toxicaria wood. Treated and control stakes (500 × 50 × 25 mm) were exposed for 5 years. Data included extract retention, visual durability ratings, and mass and hardness losses. Retention was greatest for mixed E. suaveolens and C. odorata extract and least for single E. suaveolens extract. For durability parameters, non-treated stakes performed worse than treated ones. E. suaveolens bark-treated stakes were most durable; those treated with mixtures containing E. suaveolens also performed well, while stakes treated with other mixtures performed similarly to the controls, except for hardness. The mixed extracts exhibited various effects. For retention, synergism exists between E. suaveolens and C. odorata, there was antagonism between A. indica and C. odorata, while E. suaveolens extract reduced the retention of A. indica. Regarding durability, no synergism existed between effects of the mixed components. However, E. suaveolens bark extract enhanced A. indica, and C. odorata ingredients, while the effect of E. suaveolens extract was suppressed when it was mixed with the others. These extracts are potential alternatives for inorganic preservatives, especially E. suaveolens and its mixed extracts, as its effects enhanced the others.

Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of Chromolaena odorata (L. f.) King and Robinson and Uncaria perrottetii (A. Rich) Merr. extracts

Ethanol extracts of leaves of Chromolaena odorata and ethyl acetate extracts of stem bark of Uncaria perrottetii were examined for their antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties. To determine these activities, C. odorata and U. perrottetiiwere tested against bacteria and fungus through disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays; protozoa through growth curve determination, antiprotozoal and cytotoxicity assays using in situ cell death detection kit (Roche Diagnostics). C. odorata extracts revealed antibacterial activities, inhibiting the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, andSalmonella typhimurium. Antibacterial and antifungal assays for U. perrottetiiextracts showed that it inhibited B. subtilis, S. aureus, and Candida albicans. Both plant extracts presented low MIC (0.1%). The antiprotozoal and cytotoxicity assays against Trichomonas vaginalis and Blastocystis hominis illustrated that both plant extracts can reduce the number of parasites. With the in situ cell death detection kit, the parasites exposed to the plant extract concentrations were observed to fluoresce in yellow-green and red simultaneously signifying apoptotic-like changes. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the chemical composition of C. odorata extracts containing flavonoids, saponins, tannins and steroids, while U. perrottetii possessing alkaloids, tannins and leucoanthocyanin. Thus, these plant extracts can possibly be used to produce alternative forms of antimicrobials. Key words: Plant extract, antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, cytotoxic,Chromolaena odorata, Uncaria perrottetii.

Antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activities of Thai local vegetables.

Thai local vegetables (20 species) were screened for their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Methanolic extracts of Cassia siamea, Garcinia cowa,Limnophila aromatica and Polygonum odoratum exhibited strong antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The sensitive bacteria to these extracts were Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. Among all plant extracts, the extract of P. odoratum had the highest phenolic content and antioxidant activity with EC50 value of 315.35 mg extract/mg DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). These plant extracts were also tested for cytotoxicity against human oral epidermal carcinoma (KB), breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) and small cell lung carcinoma (NCI-H187). P. odoratum extract was moderately active against MCF-7 (IC50 value of 6.01 mg/ml). Major types of active compounds in P. odoratum extract were identified by HPLC method. Flavonoids found in this plant were rutin, catechin, quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin. Among these compounds, rutin was found in the highest amount (3.77% w/w dry extract). Key words: Polygonum odoratum, Cassia siamea, Garcinia cowa, Limnophila aromatica, phenolic compounds, flavonoids.

Headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of Eupatorium odoratum extract as an oviposition repellent

Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis was used to study volatile and semi-volatile compounds emitted by the Eupatorium odoratum ( E. odoratum) extract. Variables of HS-SPME such as the type of SPME fiber, extraction time and temperature, incubation time, desorption time and temperature have been optimized. Optimized conditions were obtained by the use of divinylbenzene/carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS) fiber, 5 min/20 min incubation/extraction time at 65 °C, 5 min desorption time at 260 °C. Using three different polar chromatographic columns to get retention index and mass spectrometry data, 99 volatile and semi-volatile compounds were tentatively identified in the E. odoratum extract. This study has identified the promising source of E. odoratum oviposition repellent.

Separation of anti-neoplastic activities by fractionation of a Pluchea odorata extract

Separation of anti-neoplastic activities by fractionation of a Pluchea odorata extract

Nitric oxide scavenging ability of ethyl acetate fraction of methanolic leaf extracts of Chromolaena odorata (Linn.)

The nitric oxide (NO.) scavenging activities of Chromolaena odorata (Linn) King and Robinson, was investigated and compared with standard Plant Phenolic antioxidant Quercetin. Disodium pentacyanonitrosyl ferrate (2- ) dihydrate (sodium nitroprusside) was used as a nitric oxide donor. On disintegration at a physiological pH (7.2), 5 mmol/l of sodium nitroprusside generated a time dependent nitric oxide concentration which was scavenged in vitro by the extract. Inhibition of nitrite formation by Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Methanolic Extract of C. odorata (EAFCO), showed a dose-dependent response. Ability of EAFCO to scavenge nitric oxide radicals in vitro was compared to a standard Plant phenolic compound (Quercetin). Quercetin and EAFCO had IC50 = 50 and 380 µg/ml respectively and an IC100 of 2000 and 2800 µg/ml respectively. The overall result showed that the plant C. odorata is a good nitric oxide radical scavenger. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of chromolaena odorata extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, saponins and tannins. Quantitative determination of total phenolic content shows that the EAFCO contains an appreciable amount of phenolic compounds and may be responsible for the observed potential. Key words: Chromolaena odorata, nitric oxide scavenger, ethyl acetate fraction.

Inhibition of the G2 DNA Damage Checkpoint by Oliveroline Isolated from Duguetia odorata

Plant extracts obtained from the U.S. National Cancer Institute's Open Repository collection have been screened for their ability to inhibit the G2 DNA damage checkpoint. An extract of Duguetia odorata showed promising activity in the assay. Bioassay-guided fractionation revealed that oliveroline (1) was responsible for the G2 checkpoint inhibitory activity of the D. odorata extract. The new alkaloid N-methylguatterine (2) was identified during this investigation.

PENGARUH EKSTRAK RANTING AGLAIA ODORATA LOUR. TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN PARASITOID ERIBORUS ARGENTEOPILOSUS (CAMERON) PADA INANG CROCIDOLOMIA BINOTALIS ZELLER

The effect of Aglaia odorata Lour. twig extract on development of a parasitic wasp Eriborus argenteopilosus (Cameron) in its host Crocidolomia binotalis Zeller. This laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the effect of ethyl acetate soluble fraction of methanolic twig extract of Aglaia odorata Lour. (Meliaceae) on the development of a parasitic wasp Eriborus argenteopilosus (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in its host larvae Crocidolomia binotalis Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Extract treatment was given through the host. C. binotalis larvae were fed broccoli leaves treated with A. odorata extract at LC25, LC50, and LC70, then were exposed to the female adults E. argenteopilosus. Mortality of the parasitized host larvae, survival of immature stages of the parasitoid in the host larvae, and longevity and fecundity of the emerging female parasitoids were recorded. The results showed that combinations of extract treatments (at LC25, LC50, and LC70) and parasitization increased the mortality of the parasitized host larvae (38,4 - 42,7%) more than twice that of the parasitized control larvae. Those extract treatments, however, did not exert any negative effects on developmental time of the parasitoid immature stages nor on some morphological characters, longevity and fecundity of the emerging female parasitoids. Thus, A. odorata extract showed promise to be integrated with the parasitoid for the control of C. binotalis.

Biological activities of extracts from traditionally used Nigerian plants against the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis

AbstractPreliminary investigations with ethanolic (EtOH) extracts from five Nigerian plants show that extracts of Piper guineense Schum and Thonn (Piperaceae), Cedrela odorata L. (Meliaceae), Dennettia tripetala G. Baker (Annonaceae) and Aframomum melegueta (Rosch) K. Schum (Zingiberaceae) in artificial diets significantly reduced larval growth of European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis Hubner, at a concentration of 1000 ppm (0.1%). An extract of Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich (Annonaceae) was ineffective. When the extracts were subsequently incorporated into artificial diets at 300 ppm and offered to neaonates, larval mortality increased in the order A. melegueta (13%), D. tripetala (13%), P. guineense (27%), and C. odorata (48%). Larval and adult emergence periods increased with increasing concentration of P. guineense, C. odorata and D. tripetala indicating a toxic response. Nutritional indices for habituated third instar larvae with the two most promising plant extracts, P. guineense and C. odorata, showed that the efficiencies of conversion of digested food (ECD) was significantly reduced at 300 ppm suggesting a postdigestive toxicity of the extracts. P. guineense and C. odorata extracts show the best potential for development as botanical insecticides.

Insecticidal bioactivity of crude extracts of Aglaia species (meliaceae)

Crude foliar extracts of 19 species of Aglaia (Meliaceae), mostly of Indo-Malaysian origin, were screened for larval growth inhibiting and insecticidal effects on the polyphagous lepidopteran Peridroma saucia (Noctuidea). Extracts of at least seven of these species significantly reduce larval growth of P. saucia. Aglaia odorata yielded the most inhibitory extracts, but there is significant (35-fold) geographical variation in the bioactivity of extracts within this widespread species. In addition, extracts of bark are significantly more active than foliar extracts. Foliar extracts significantly deter neonate larvae, but nutritional analyses of fourth instar larvae fed artificial diets laced with A. odorata extracts indicate that both diet consumption and dietary utilizatin are impaired. These results are similar to that obtained with pure (−)-rocaglamide, an insecticidal principle isolated from A. odorata. This species should provide a useful starting point for the development of a botanical insecticide.

Evaluation the Biochemical, Enzymatic, and Immunological activity of Viola odorata methanolic extract on methotrexate treated albino male mice

Traditionally medicinal plants are used for its potential chemotherapeutic action and for safety upon the continued use of these plants. Many medicinal plants are containing great bioactive components that reported to preventive and therapeutic role on different body organs. Violet (Viola odorata) is a medicinal plant that had different groups of compounds like cyclotides, flavonoids, alkaloids, triterpenoids, violin, quercitin, steroids, tannins, and saponins) which possessed different biological activity such as antifungal, antibacterial, anticancer, antioxidant, antiasthmatic. This study focused the line on the effect of different concentration of Viola odorata extract on blood cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, albumin, creatinin, and immunological effect (IgM, IgG, IgA) in serum of white albino male mice as well as, toxic effects of methotrexate drug. the results indicated that Viola odorata had the ability to counteract the toxic effect on all parameters studied due to presenting of flavonoid compound (isorhamnetin and luteolin) belong to flavonols class which is well reported to have hepatoprotective activity and had high detoxification effect against MTX drug. Also, a substantial effect which explained the ability of plant extracts to interfere with the MTX and prevented its harmful effect. The plant is safe to be used as an effective remedy against different xenobiotic.