Anxiety Odds Ratio Research Articles

Cross-sectional analysis of the association between information and communication technology and mental health among Korean workers.

The adoption of information and communication technology (ICT) has been the fastest and most widespread in the South Korean workplace. While ICT has several advantages, it can also cause stress among workers. However, the relationship between the introduction of ICT in the workplace and mental health problems among Korean workers remains unclear. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data obtained from the sixth Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS). In total, 40,019 participants answered a question about whether ICT had been introduced in their workplace. Among these, we compared the rate of complaints of mental health disorders between those who answered "yes" (n = 3,250) and those who answered "no" (n = 36,769). We analyzed the data using the SAS statistical software and calculated the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for anxiety, insomnia, and depression using multiple logistic regression models. We also stratified the data on Korean workers to assess the impact of ICT on subgroups. In our nationally representative cohort, on experiencing ICT incorporation at work, 384 participants (11.8%) reported anxiety, 138 (4.2%) reported insomnia, and 296 (9.1%) reported depression. In contrast, among participants who did not have access to ICT, 1,929 (5.2%) reported anxiety, 702 (1.9%) reported insomnia, and 4,404 (12.0%) reported depression. The ORs (95% CIs) for anxiety and insomnia complaint rates were 2.47 (2.19-2.79) and 2.55 (2.10-3.10), respectively, among workers who experienced new ICT adaptations in comparison with those who did not. However, no significant relationship was observed between ICT adoption and depression. The causes of mental health problems in the workplace should be identified and addressed. We found that the introduction of ICT in the workplace was significantly related to anxiety and insomnia symptoms among Korean workers, after controlling for the selected covariates. This information can be used to identify subgroups in the workplace that are vulnerable to ICT changes and tailor interventions to their social and demographic profiles.

Latent class analysis of health behaviors, anxiety, and suicidal behaviors among Korean adolescents

BackgroundThis study examined how health behavior patterns are associated with anxiety and suicidal behaviors among Korean adolescents. MethodsData were collected from a national cross-sectional sample of adolescents (n = 54,948, 51.5 % boys) in the 2020 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey. Latent class analysis was conducted based on 12 health behaviors (e.g., eating habits, physical activity, and substance use) using the R-based Jamovi 2.3.21 program. ResultsFour classes of health behaviors were identified: Class 1 (boys: 45.4 %, girls: 34.4 %) engaged in healthy behaviors; Class 2 (boys: 31.7 %; girls: 22.3 %) had unhealthy eating habits; Class 3 (boys: 18.0 %; girls: 39.9 %) had the lowest physical activity; and Class 4 (boys: 5.0 %, girls: 3.4 %) engaged in substance use, including smoking, drinking, and problematic smartphone use. Overall, girls had a higher odds ratio (OR) for anxiety and suicidal behaviors than boys did. Among girls, Class 4 had a higher OR for anxiety (OR = 2.78, 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 2.40–3.21), suicidal ideation (OR = 3.99, 95 % CI = 3.46–4.62), suicide plan (OR = 3.32, 95 % CI = 2.66–4.16), and suicide attempts (OR = 5.62, 95 % CI = 4.43–7.12) than Class 1. LimitationsThis study has a few limitations including the participants' response bias, the use of a self-report survey, and the lack of diagnosis by clinicians. ConclusionAdolescents engaging in substance abuse (Class 4) were more prone to anxiety symptoms and suicidal behaviors (ideation, plan, and attempts) than those engaged in healthy behaviors (Class 1). We suggest that more attention is needed to develop suicide prevention strategies that consider adolescent substance use patterns such as current smoking, drinking, and problematic smartphone use.

Burden of mood symptoms and disorders in implantable cardioverter defibrillator patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 39 954 patients.

Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) prevent sudden cardiac death. Anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are underappreciated symptoms. We aimed to systematically synthesize prevalence estimates of mood disorders and symptom severities, pre- and post-ICD insertions. Comparisons were made with control groups, as well as within ICD patients by indication (primary vs. secondary), sex, shock status, and over time. Databases (Medline, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Embase) were searched without limits from inception to 31 August 2022; 4661 articles were identified, 109 (39 954 patients) of which met criteria. Random-effects meta-analyses revealed clinically relevant anxiety in 22.58% (95%CI 18.26-26.91%) of ICD patients across all timepoints following insertion and depression in 15.42% (95%CI 11.90-18.94%). Post-traumatic stress disorder was seen in 12.43% (95%CI 6.90-17.96%). Rates did not vary relative to indication group. Clinically relevant anxiety and depression were more likely in ICD patients who experienced shocks [anxiety odds ratio (OR) = 3.92 (95%CI 1.67-9.19); depression OR = 1.87 (95%CI 1.34-2.59)]. Higher symptoms of anxiety were seen in females than males post-insertion [Hedges' g = 0.39 (95%CI 0.15-0.62)]. Depression symptoms decreased in the first 5 months post-insertion [Hedges' g = 0.13 (95%CI 0.03-0.23)] and anxiety symptoms after 6 months [Hedges' g = 0.07 (95%CI 0-0.14)]. Depression and anxiety are highly prevalent in ICD patients, especially in those who experience shocks. Of particular concern is the prevalence of PTSD following ICD implantation. Psychological assessment, monitoring, and therapy should be offered to ICD patients and their partners as part of routine care.

A Cross-Sectional Study on the Associations between Depression and Anxiety, Medication Use for These Diseases and Physical Activity Level in Spanish People with Hypertension.

Hypertension (HTN) has a high prevalence in the overall population, affecting people's mental health. Physical Activity (PA) has proven to be an effective tool to improve mental health. This study analyzed the associations between Depression and Anxiety prevalence, medication use for these disorders (antidepressants and anxiolytics) and Physical Activity Level (PAL) in people with HTN. A cross-sectional study was conducted with data from the Spanish National Health Survey 2017 (ENSE2017) with a final sample of 3228 individuals over 15 years of age with HTN who resided in Spain. Data normality was assessed through the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Associations between Depression and Anxiety prevalence, antidepressant and anxiolytic use and PAL were studied using a chi-square test. Possible differences between Depression and Anxiety prevalence and medication use according to the PAL were analyzed with a z-test for independent proportions. Depression or Anxiety and antidepressant and anxiolytic use odds ratios (OR) were calculated for every PAL group, taking the "Very Active" group as a reference. Risk factors were evaluated using multiple binary logistic regression. Dependency relationships were found between Depression and Anxiety prevalence, antidepressant and anxiolytic use and PAL (p < 0.001). The Inactive group displayed the highest prevalence and medication use according to their PAL (p < 0.05). Higher ORs for Depression or Anxiety and pharmacological treatments used were also found in the Inactive group compared to the other PAL groups.

Correlation of commute time with the risk of subjective mental health problems: 6th Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS).

Studies conducted so far on the link between commute time and mental health among Koreans remain insufficient. In this study, we attempted to identify the relationship between commute time and subjective mental health using the 6th Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS). Self-reported commute time was divided into four groups: ≤ 30 (group 1), 30-60 (group 2), 60-120 (group 3), and > 120 minutes (group 4). Subjective depression was defined as a score of 50 points or less on the WHO-5 well-being index. Subjective anxiety and fatigue were defined as answering 'yes' to the questionnaire on whether they had experienced it over the past year. The analysis of variance, t-test, and χ2 test was used to analyze the differences among the characteristics of the study participants according to commute time, depression, anxiety, and fatigue. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for depression, anxiety, and fatigue according to commute time were calculated using multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for sex, age, monthly income, occupation, company size, weekly working hours, and shift work status. Long commute times showed increased ORs and graded increasing trends for depression, anxiety, and fatigue. The ORs for depression increased significantly in group 2 (1.06 [1.01-1.11]), group 3 (1.23 [1.13-1.33]), and group 4 (1.31 [1.09-1.57]) compared to group 1 (reference). The ORs for anxiety increased significantly in group 2 (1.17 [1.06-1.29]), group 3 (1.43 [1.23-1.65]) and group 4 (1.89 [1.42-2.53]). The ORs for fatigue increased significantly in group 2 (1.09 [1.04-1.15]), group 3 (1.32 [1.21-1.43]), and group 4 (1.51 [1.25-1.82]). This study highlights that the risk of depression, anxiety, and fatigue increases with commute time.

Association of primary focal hyperhidrosis with anxiety induced by sweating: A cross-sectional study of Japanese university students focusing on the severity of hyperhidrosis and site of sweating.

Hyperhidrosis significantly reduces patients' quality of life, with many reporting feeling highly anxious. However, the relationship between hyperhidrosis and anxiety induced by sweating has not been examined in detail. The current study examined the relationship between: (1) the presence of hyperhidrosis symptoms, (2) hyperhidrosis severity, and (3) the sites of the most sweating and anxiety induced by sweating. A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted among university students, and 1080 consenting participants (600 males and 480 females; mean age, 18.8 years) were included in the analysis. The survey items were: (1) diagnostic criteria for hyperhidrosis, (2) Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale, (3) presence of anxiety induced by sweating, and (4) site of the most sweating. The results of multiple logistic regression analysis adjusted for sex and age showed that the odds ratio (OR) for anxiety induced by sweating was significantly higher in participants who screened positive for hyperhidrosis than in those who screened negative (OR, 9.72 [95% CI, 5.80-16.27]). The OR of anxiety induced by sweating was 7.11 (95% CI, 3.99-12.65) for mild/moderate hyperhidrosis and 23.46 (95% CI, 7.15-76.93) for severe hyperhidrosis, compared with those who screened negative for hyperhidrosis. Compared with those who screened negative for hyperhidrosis, the OR for anxiety induced by sweating in those with the palmar, plantar, axillary, and head/face as the site of the most sweating was 7.74 (95% CI, 3.91-15.33), 14.86 (95% CI, 1.83-120.58), 16.92 (95% CI, 5.95-48.14), and 5.38 (95% CI, 1.39-20.74), respectively. Our findings suggest that participants who screened positive for hyperhidrosis, mild/moderate or severe, are at a higher risk of anxiety induced by sweating than participants who screened negative for hyperhidrosis.

Depression and Anxiety in Rosacea Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

IntroductionDepression and anxiety are common among people with rosacea. However, the exact magnitude of the prevalence rate and odds ratios (ORs) for depression and anxiety, respectively, in rosacea patients is unclear, and no systematic review or meta-analysis of published data has yet been performed. We therefore performed as systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the prevalence rates and ORs for depression and anxiety in rosacea patients.MethodsWe performed a systematic search of the PubMed, Embase and Medline databases for all observational studies published up to October 2020 that reported the prevalence rates and ORs for depression and anxiety in patients with rosacea. The primary outcome measures were prevalence rates and ORs for depression and anxiety in patients with rosacea. Heterogeneity across studies was assessed with the I2 statistic. Sources of heterogeneity were explored through subgroup and meta-regression analyses.ResultsA total of 14 studies involving 14,134,021 patients with rosacea were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of depression was 19.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 15.0–24.3%) and that of anxiety was 15.6% (95% CI 11.8–19.3%). The prevalence of depression and anxiety was significantly lower in studies using clinical criteria to diagnose depression and anxiety (9.2 and 10.2%, respectively) than in those studies using screening tools (26.2% [P < 0.01] and 22.7% [P = 0.03], respectively). The methodological quality of the included studies greatly contributed to the heterogeneity. Patients with rosacea were more likely to experience depression (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.79–2.72) and anxiety (OR 2.31, 95% CI 1.56–3.44) than healthy controls.ConclusionsThis systematic review and meta-analysis indicates that patients with rosacea are at a higher risk of experiencing depression and anxiety. More efforts are warranted to recognize and manage depression and anxiety in patients with rosacea.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13555-021-00613-w.

Association of body dysmorphic disorder with anxiety, depression, and stress among university students

ObjectivesThis study aims to estimate the prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and identify its association with depression, anxiety, and stress. MethodWe conducted a cross-sectional study in Jeddah, KSA. In 2019, a validated questionnaire with items on sociodemographic characteristics and body dysmorphic disorder, as well as the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale – 21 items (DASS 21) was distributed to 1,112 students of King Abdulaziz University. SPSS version 23 was used for data analysis, which included descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and binary logistic regression models. The association was presented as an odds ratio (OR) along with its 95% confidence Interval (CI). ResultsThe overall prevalence of BDD was 13.9% (95% CI of 11.8–16.2.) with the highest reported sites being the skin (81.6%) and waist (68.8%). BDD was found to be a significant predictor of depression with an OR of 4.2 (95% CI 2.9–6.1), anxiety OR of 2.2 (95%1.6–3.2), and stress OR of 3.2 (2.2–4.7). Females were significantly associated with anxiety, OR of 1.4 (95% CI 1.1–1.9) and stress, OR of 1.5 (1.1–2). Affiliation to the administration, arts, humanities, and social colleges was also a significant predictor of anxiety as reflected by an OR of 1.4 (95% CI 1.1–1.8). ConclusionsOur study shows that BDD is relatively common among university students in Jeddah and associated with depression, anxiety, and stress.

P1498ASSOCIATIONS OF HEALTH LITERACY WITH DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY IN DIALYSED PATIENTS IN SLOVAKIA

Abstract Background and Aims Depression and anxiety is common in dialysed patients (Ng et al., 2015; de Brito et al., 2019) and associated with decreased quality of life, worse health outcomes and increased mortality (Schouten et al., 2019, Lopes at al., 2002). Health literacy (HL) as the ability to gain access, understand, and use information to promote and maintain good health (WHO, 1998) may be hampered by emotional problems such as depression and anxiety. The aim of our study is to examine the association of HL with depression and anxiety in dialysed patients in Slovakia. Method Cross-sectional study on 542 dialysed patients (mean age = 63.6, males = 60.7%) was conducted in 20 dialysis clinics in Slovakia from January to November 2018. Socio-demographic data, data on 9 domains of HL and data on depression and anxiety were collected by questionnaires. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to create three clusters of patients (low, moderate, high HL). Depression and anxiety was dichotomized as 0-no/low symptoms and 1-moderate/severe symptoms. Association of HL clusters with depression and anxiety was analysed using logistic regression adjusted for age and gender. Results We found that patients in low HL cluster and moderate HL cluster were more likely to have moderate/severe symptoms of depression and anxiety than patients in high HL cluster. Odds ratio (OR) for depression for low HL cluster: 7.60; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 2.88 – 20.06; p&amp;lt;0.000 and for moderate HL cluster: OR: 4.85; 95% CI: 1.87 – 12.56; p&amp;lt;0.001. OR for anxiety for low HL cluster: 3.14; 95% CI:1.55 – 6.35; p&amp;lt;0.001 and for moderate HL cluster: OR 2.16;95% CI: 1.10 – 4.24; p&amp;lt;0.05. Conclusion Patients with lower levels of HL suffer from anxiety and depression more than patients with higher levels of HL. These findings point to the need of regular screening of emotional problems such as depression and anxiety and their treatment as they may hamper capacities of dialysed patients for self-management as well as effective treatment of the disease from the perspective of healthcare providers.

Comorbidities in an Australian sample of chronic and new opioid users.

Mental health disorders and substance abuse are risk factors that both precede and follow chronic opioid use. We predicted that incident opioid users would have lower rates of mental health comorbidities than chronic opioid users, but that incident chronic opioid users would have lower rates of mental health comorbidities than prevalent chronic users. We used administrative health claims data to evaluate differences in lifetime mental health and substance abuse comorbidity profiles of people who were prevalent and incident chronic opioid users, as well as those who used opioids acutely. Results were stratified by age. Over 5,188 people were prevalent chronic opioid users at study entry. Of the 10,079 people who initiated opioids, 10.2 per-cent had a subsequent chronic episode (incident chronic) and the remainder stopped within 90 days (incident acute). In prevalent chronic users compared to incident chronic users, rates of depression and anxiety were higher across all age groups (odds ratio (OR) across age groups range from = 1.60, 95 percent confidence interval (CI) = 1.35,1.89, to OR = 6.66, 95 percent CI = 3.02, 14.69) and prevalence of alcohol abuse was higher in those aged 55 to 74 years (OR = 5.11, 95 percent CI = 1.83, 14.24, p = 0.002). Acute users were less likely than incident chronic users to have depression and anxiety in those aged over 74 years (depression OR = 0.82, 95 per-cent CI = 0.70, 0.95; anxiety OR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.70, 0.98). Mental health morbidities commonly associated with chronic opioid use increase in prevalence as chronic use continues.

Depression, anxiety and quality of life in subjects with atopic eczema in a population-based cross-sectional study in Germany.

Atopic eczema (AE) may be associated with several mental health problems. In Germany, existing data from selected patient cohorts may lead to misestimation of the problem. We aimed to cross-sectionally determine associations of AE with depression, anxiety, quality of life (QoL) and social interactions in subjects from the population-based LIFE-Adult-Study. Subjects underwent standardized interviews (medical history) and answered standardized questionnaires [Centre of Epidemiologic studies-Depression scale (CES-D), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS), Short Form Health Survey (SF-8)]. We compared data from subjects with AE with those from subjects with selected other chronic/disabling diseases (cardiovascular, diabetes, cancer) and adjusted for selected sociodemographic parameters. Multivariate binary logistic regression was used for categorical variables, linear regression for continuous variables. Out of 9104 adults included (57% female, median age 54years), 372 (4.1%) had a history of AE. Compared with controls, subjects with AE showed higher scores for depressive symptoms (9.3% vs. 6.3%; P<0.001) and anxiety (8.4% vs. 5.6%, P<0.001). Odds ratio (OR) was 1.5 [CI 1.0; 2.3] (P=0.031) for depression, which was comparable to OR in patients with a history of cancer (OR 1.6 [1-2.3], P=0.001. OR for anxiety in AE was 1.5 [1.0; 2.2], P<0.049, which was slightly higher than in diabetes mellitus (OR 1.2) and stroke (OR 1.4). Other than in diabetes and/or stroke, we did not find a significant association between AE and social isolation. QoL scores were lower in AE than in controls (mean 46.9 vs. 48.0, P<0.001 for physical and 50.6 vs. 52.5, P<0.001 for mental components). Subjects with AE showed higher values for depression and anxiety as well as lower QoL scores compared to controls. With regard to depression, odds in AE and cancer were hardly different. Medical care of AE patients should therefore include mental health evaluation and treatment if indicated.

Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a lifelong condition without a cure. Due to bidirectional communication, via the gut-brain axis, as well as the chronicity of symptoms, impaired quality of life, and reduced social functioning, patients with IBD may experience common mental disorders, including anxiety and depression. However, uncertainties remain about the magnitude of this problem. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis examining this issue. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and EMBASE Classic were searched (until September 2020) to identify cross-sectional or case-control studies that reported prevalence of anxiety or depression according to validated questionnaires in adult (≥18 years old) IBD patients. Pooled prevalence, odds ratios (OR), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Findings: Of 5544 citations evaluated, 77 studies fulfilled eligibility criteria, containing 30,118 subjects. Overall, pooled prevalence of anxiety was 32.1% (95% CI 28.3%-36.0%) in 58 studies and depression 25.2% (95% CI 22.0%-28.5%) in 75 studies. The OR for either anxiety or depression were 1.24 times higher in patients with CD. Overall, women were more prone to common mental disorders, in particular the OR for anxiety in women with CD versus men was 2.37 (95% CI 1.45-3.87). The prevalence of anxiety or depression was increased in patients with active IBD (57.6% and 38.9%, respectively), compared with those with inactive disease (38.1% and 24.2%, respectively). The OR for anxiety in patients with active CD versus patients with inactive disease was 5.58 (95% CI 1.20-26.0). Interpretation: We demonstrated a high prevalence of common mental disorders in patients with IBD, with up to one-in-three patients affected by anxiety and one-in-four depression. Prevalence increased in active disease; one-in-two and one-in-three patients with active disease met criteria for anxiety or depression. Encouraging gastroenterologists to detect and treat these disorders might improve outcomes, leading to improved symptom control, better quality of life, and reduced health service and societal costs of managing IBD. Funding Statement: None. Declaration of Interests: Brigida Barberio: none. Mohammad Zamani: none. Christopher J. Black: none. Edoardo V. Savarino: none. Alexander C. Ford: none.

2285Increased risk of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest associated with psychiatric disorders

Abstract Introduction Patients with psychiatric disorders are at high risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality; yet, the risk of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) compared to the general population remains unknown. Purpose We investigated whether the presence and severity of different psychiatric disorders were associated with a higher risk of OHCA. Methods We conducted a case-control study matching all adult patients with OHCA of presumed cardiac cause between 2001 and 2014 with up to nine controls from the entire Danish population on age, sex and ischemic heart disease (IHD). Patients with psychiatric disorders were identified using in- and out-patient hospital diagnoses – both primary and secondary - before index date. We identified six mutually exclusive psychiatric disorders that were separately examined: personality disorders, anxiety, substance-related mental disorders, depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. The risk of OHCA associated with the six psychiatric disorders was evaluated by conditional logistic regression adjusting for comorbidities, concomitant pharmacotherapy, socioeconomic status and marital status. Results We included 32,447 OHCA cases matched with 291,999 controls from the general population. Overall, the median age was 72 years, 67% were male and 29% had IHD prior to index date. All the six psychiatric disorders examined were more common among cases than controls; depression was the most common psychiatric disorders in both groups: 5.0% among cases and 2.8% among controls. Concurrently, all six psychiatric disorders were associated with significantly higher odds of OHCA: personality disorders (odds ratio (OR) 1.30 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06–1.60], anxiety OR 1.26 [95% CI 1.15–1.39], substance induced-mental disorders OR 2.36 [95% CI 2.17–2.57], depression OR 1.27 [95% CI 1.19–1.35], bipolar disorder OR 1.32 [95% CI 1.16–1.50] and schizophrenia OR 1.80 [95% CI 1.58–2.05] (Figure). The association persisted unaffected when we studied psychiatric patients neither exposed to antipsychotics nor to antidepressants. We observed a trend towards a stronger association when we stratified according to the severity of the psychiatric disorder (Figure). Severe disorders where classified as at least one hospitalization for the specific psychiatric illness as primary diagnosis during the five years prior to index date. Conclusions Common psychiatric disorders including personality disorders, anxiety, substance-related mental disorders, depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia are significantly associated with higher odds of OHCA. These findings provide a rationale for early cardiovascular risk factor screening and, potentially, management among psychiatric patients to identify patients at high risk of OHCA. Acknowledgement/Funding ESCAPE-NET project

A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Depression, Anxiety, and Sleep Disorders in US Adults with Food Insecurity.

A large number of peer-reviewed studies, with various methodologies and populations, have addressed the effects of food insecurity (FIS) on mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders. There are currently, however, no published systematic assessments or meta-analyses of this literature. A systematic search of the literature was conducted in PubMed, PsycInfo, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science. Cross-sectional studies assessing the association between food insecurity and depression, anxiety, or sleep disorders were identified. For each of the three health outcomes, we extracted (or calculated when possible) the following effect sizes: odds ratio (OR), Hedges' g, Pearson correlation coefficients r, or bivariate coefficients. Then, for each mental health-outcome/effect-size pair, the available studies were combined using the random effect model. Heterogeneity, publication bias, and subgroup dependence, for each meta-analysis, were also assessed. Fifty-seven studies provided cross-sectional data on the relationship between FIS and depression (n = 169,433), 13 on anxiety and psychological distress (n = 91,957), and 8 studies provided data on sleep disorders (n = 85,788). Meta-analysis showed that FIS is associated with an increased risk of testing positive for depression OR = 2.74 [95% CI 2.52-2.97, n = 135,500, Q(df = 41) = 69, I2= 40%], anxiety OR = 2.41 [95% CI 1.81-3.22, n = 51,541, Q(df = 3) = 8, I2= 63%], and sleep disorders OR = 1.80 [95% CI 1.51-2.15, n = 84,800, Q(df = 5) = 13, I2= 62%]. The highest risks were found for depression and anxiety which had statistically similar values. The results were robust to covariates and population groups. This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrates a strong association between FIS and depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders, for which more longitudinal studies addressing effect sizes are warranted to further study causation.

The Relationship Between Emotional Functioning of the EORTC QLQ-C30 and A Measure of Anxiety and Depression (HADS) in Cancer Patients

Objectives: In order to reduce suffering in cancer patients from answering different questionnaires, this study aimed to explore whether the emotional functioning (derived from subscale of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life Questionnaire-EORTC QLQ-C30) could quantify anxiety and depression in patients with different carcinomas. Methods: Sample of patients with gastrointestinal cancer attending to Tehran Cancer Institute were studied. Patients were asked to complete two questionnaires: the emotional functioning (EF-derived from the EORTC QLQ-C30) and the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS). The Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) and logistic regression analyses were performed in order to examine the association between emotional functioning (EF), anxiety, and depression. Results: In total 137 patients with gastrointestinal cancer were included in the study. The mean age of patients was 54.6 (SD = 13.8) years old; most were married (87%), male (55.5%), and without any normal education (55.5%). The mean emotional functioning score was 69.3 (SD = 27.3) and it was 7.7 (SD = 4.5) for anxiety and 8.5 (SD = 3.9) for depression. Significant negative correlations were found between EF subscale of the EORTC QLQ-C30 and both subscales of the HADS (Anxiety: r = -0.62, P < 0.0001; Depression: r = -0.54, P < 0.0001). The results obtained from logistic regression analysis showed strong associations between emotional functioning, anxiety, and depression (odds ratio for anxiety: 0.94, 95%; CI: 0.92 - 0.96, P < 0.0001; odds ratio for depression: 0.96, 95%; CI: 0.94 - 0.98; P < 0.0001). No other variables studied showed significant results. Conclusions: The findings demonstrated that emotional functioning subscale of the EORTC QLQ-C30 covers both anxiety and depression. Indeed it is robust to use emotional functioning subscale to assess psychological distress in cancer patients.

Movement and mental health: Behavioral correlates of anxiety and depression among children of 6–17 years old in the U.S.

ObjectivesThe purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine associations between physical activity, screen-time, sleep duration, and their combinations based on 24-h movement guidelines with anxiety and depression among a nationally representative cohort aged 6–17 years in the US. MethodsThe 2016 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) data from a representative sample of children (n = 15,010) aged 6–11 years and adolescents (n = 20,708) aged 12–17 years were analyzed using logistic regression. This analysis examined parent-reported demographics, lifestyle-related behavioral variables, adverse childhood experiences, and history of anxiety and depression. ResultsPhysical activity participation was associated with anxiety and depression. Children with 0 days/week of physical activity were about twice more likely to have anxiety (Odds ratio (OR) = 2.19), and adolescents were over twice as likely to have anxiety (OR = 2.25) and depression (OR = 2.18), than peers with daily physical activity ≥ 60 min. There was no significant difference in the ORs of anxiety or depression between the children with daily physical activity and those with physical activity ≥60 min on 1–3 days/week or 4–6 days/week. Extracurricular activity participation and sleep duration were also significantly associated with anxiety and depression along with demographic variables such as race and weight status. ConclusionSome physical activity or organized extracurricular activity participation are associated with decreased odds of experiencing anxiety among children and adolescents, and depression among adolescents. Meeting all three 24-h movement guidelines was associated with lower ORs for anxiety for children and adolescents and depression among adolescents.

Association of Cannabis Use in Adolescence and Risk of Depression, Anxiety, and Suicidality in Young Adulthood

Cannabis is the most commonly used drug of abuse by adolescents in the world. While the impact of adolescent cannabis use on the development of psychosis has been investigated in depth, little is known about the impact of cannabis use on mood and suicidality in young adulthood. To provide a summary estimate of the extent to which cannabis use during adolescence is associated with the risk of developing subsequent major depression, anxiety, and suicidal behavior. Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and Proquest Dissertations and Theses were searched from inception to January 2017. Longitudinal and prospective studies, assessing cannabis use in adolescents younger than 18 years (at least 1 assessment point) and then ascertaining development of depression in young adulthood (age 18 to 32 years) were selected, and odds ratios (OR) adjusted for the presence of baseline depression and/or anxiety and/or suicidality were extracted. Study quality was assessed using the Research Triangle Institute item bank on risk of bias and precision of observational studies. Two reviewers conducted all review stages independently. Selected data were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. The studies assessing cannabis use and depression at different points from adolescence to young adulthood and reporting the corresponding OR were included. In the studies selected, depression was diagnosed according to the third or fourth editions of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders or by using scales with predetermined cutoff points. After screening 3142 articles, 269 articles were selected for full-text review, 35 were selected for further review, and 11 studies comprising 23 317 individuals were included in the quantitative analysis. The OR of developing depression for cannabis users in young adulthood compared with nonusers was 1.37 (95% CI, 1.16-1.62; I2 = 0%). The pooled OR for anxiety was not statistically significant: 1.18 (95% CI, 0.84-1.67; I2 = 42%). The pooled OR for suicidal ideation was 1.50 (95% CI, 1.11-2.03; I2 = 0%), and for suicidal attempt was 3.46 (95% CI, 1.53-7.84, I2 = 61.3%). Although individual-level risk remains moderate to low and results from this study should be confirmed in future adequately powered prospective studies, the high prevalence of adolescents consuming cannabis generates a large number of young people who could develop depression and suicidality attributable to cannabis. This is an important public health problem and concern, which should be properly addressed by health care policy.

The association of healthcare seeking behavior for anxiety and depression among patients with lower urinary tract symptoms: A nationwide population-based study

Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) have a negative impact on the quality of life, and may relate to anxiety and depression. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that LUTS are associated with anxiety and depression using a nationwide population-based database in Taiwan. Data were obtained from a random population sample of about one million enrollees in the National Health Insurance program from 2001 to 2009, and consisted of 22,980 LUTS patients and 45,960 matched controls. The records of healthcare seeking for anxiety and depression were collected 2 years before and after the diagnosis of LUTS. The results showed that patients with LUTS had a significantly higher prevalence of anxiety or depression than the matched controls (11.45% vs. 5.72%). After controlling for sociodemographic variables and other major systemic diseases, the odds ratios for anxiety, depression, either anxiety or depression, and both anxiety and depression, were 2.05, 2.19, 2.14, and 2.56, respectively. There was an association between LUTS and the stress-related common mental disorders, and there seemed to be an additive effect of anxiety and depression on the association with LUTS. These findings imply a psychological role in the pathogenesis or sequelae of LUTS.

Sexual and physical abuse in childhood is associated with depression and anxiety over the life course: systematic review and meta-analysis

To determine whether depression and anxiety in adulthood are associated with abuse exposure in childhood. A search of PUBMED, EMBASE and PSYCHINFO databases (2002–2012) was supplemented by hand searches of bibliographies of articles and reviews. We included studies contrasting abuse exposure vs. no-abuse exposure before age 16 years to depression and anxiety after age 16 years. Data on sample and exposure and outcome instruments, covariates and odds ratios (ORs) with the respective 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were extracted. Combined ORs and 95 % CI were calculated using random effects models. Heterogeneity was quantified using the I(2) test. Inclusion criteria were met by 19 studies with 115,579 study participants, for assessing depression (n = 14) and anxiety (n = 13). The combined ORs for depression were 2.04 (95 % CI: 1.65–2.53) for sexual abuse and 1.49 (95 % CI: 1.29–1.72) for physical abuse.The combined ORs for anxiety were 2.52 (95 % CI:2.12–2.98) for sexual abuse and 1.70 (95 % CI: 1.33–2.18)for physical abuse. High levels of depression, anxiety and distress are reported in adults exposed to childhood sexual and physical abuse. These findings require increased awareness for the potential needs of adults exposed to child abuse and public health interventions to prevent child abuse.

Mental health differences between frequent cannabis users with and without dependence and the general population

To compare the prevalence of mental disorders between frequent cannabis users with and without dependence and the general population. Cross-sectional comparison of interview data. Enriched community sample of frequent cannabis users and a representative sample of non-users and non-frequent users from the general population. A total of 521 young adult (aged 18-30 years) frequent cannabis users, 252 of whom were with DSM-IV cannabis dependence (D+) and 269 without DSM-IV cannabis dependence (D-), and 1072 young adults from the general population. Multinomial logistic regression was used to compare groups regarding the presence of DSM-IV mental disorders. Detailed measures of cannabis use, childhood adversity and other substance use were considered confounders. Compared with the general population, externalizing disorders were more prevalent in D- [odds ratio (OR) = 8.91, P < 0.001] and most prevalent in D+ (OR = 17.75, P < 0.001), but internalizing disorders were associated only with D+ (mood OR = 4.15, P < 0.001; anxiety OR = 2.20, P = 0.002). Associations were attenuated (and often became non-significant) after correction for childhood adversity and substance use other than cannabis. However, the prevalence of mental disorders remained higher in D+ compared with D- (OR = 2.40, P < 0.001), although cannabis use patterns were remarkably similar. Cannabis use patterns, childhood adversity and the use of other substances are similar in dependent and non-dependent frequent cannabis users. With the exception of more externalizing disorders, the mental health condition of non-dependent frequent cannabis users is similar to that of the general population, whereas it is worse in dependent frequent cannabis users.