Odds Of Myocardial Infarction Research Articles

Myocardial infarction & C-reactive protein levels among Mexican adults with arthritis: Findings from the Mexican Health and Aging Study

BackgroundStudies of adult populations in high-income countries have found an association between arthritis and myocardial infarction (MI) due to high levels of systemic inflammation. Our objectives were to examine the association between arthritis and MI among Mexican adults and to assess the mediating effect of C-reactive protein (CRP) on this association. MethodsData came from the 2012, 2015, and 2018 observation waves of the Mexican Health and Aging Study. Our sample included 11,707 participants aged 50 and older with no prior MI before 2012. We used self-reported information for arthritis, joint pain, medication use, and limitations to daily activities in 2012. Logistic regression was used to model the association between arthritis and self-reported MI in 2015 or 2018. We used a sub-sample of 1602 participants to assess the mediating effect of CRP. ResultsIn the full sample, participants with arthritis that limited their daily activities had higher odds of MI than participants with no arthritis (OR = 1.40; 95 % CI = 1.04–1.88). In the sub-sample, arthritis that limited daily activities was associated with higher mean CRP (5.2 mg/dL; 95 % CI = 4.10–6.21) than arthritis with no limitations (3.5 mg/dL; 95 % CI = 2.93–4.01). However, CRP levels had a small mediating effect, and the relationship between arthritis with physical limitations and MI remained statistically significant. ConclusionMexican adults with arthritis that limits their daily activities are at an increased risk for MI. Continued research is needed to identify factors that contribute to this increased risk.

Causal effects for neurodegenerative diseases on the risk of myocardial infarction: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Several studies have demonstrated a correlation between neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) and myocardial infarction (MI), yet the precise causal relationship between these remains elusive. This study aimed to investigate the potential causal associations of genetically predicted Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS) with MI using two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR). Various methods, including inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median (WM), MR-Egger regression, weighted mode, and simple mode, were employed to estimate the effects of genetically predicted NDDs on MI. To validate the analysis, we assessed pleiotropic effects, heterogeneity, and conducted leave-one-out sensitivity analysis. We identified that genetic predisposition to NDDs was suggestively associated with higher odds of MI (OR_IVW=1.07, OR_MR-Egger=1.08, OR_WM=1.07, OR_weighted mode=1.07, OR_simple mode=1.10, all P<0.05). Furthermore, we observed significant associations of genetically predicted DLB with MI (OR_IVW=1.07, OR_MR-Egger=1.11, OR_WM=1.09, OR_weighted mode=1.09, all P<0.05). However, there was no significant causal evidence of genetically predicted PD and MS in MI. Across all MR analyses, no horizontal pleiotropy or statistical heterogeneity was observed (all P>0.05). Additionally, results from MRPRESSO and leave-one-out sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the causal effect estimations for genetically predicted AD, DLB, PD, and MS on MI. This study provides further support for the causal effects of AD on MI and, for the first time, establishes robust causal evidence for the detrimental effect of DLB on the risk of MI. Our findings emphasize the importance of monitoring the cardiovascular function of the elderly experiencing neurodegenerative changes.

The obesity paradox exists for perioperative complications and mortality following lower extremity arterial bypass surgery

ObjectiveThe obesity paradox refers to a phenomenon by which obese individuals experience lower risk of mortality and even protective associations from chronic disease sequelae when compared with the non-obese and underweight population. Prior literature has demonstrated an obesity paradox after cardiac and other surgical procedures. However, the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and perioperative complications for patients undergoing major open lower extremity arterial revascularization is unclear. MethodsWe queried the Vascular Quality Initiative for individuals receiving unilateral infrainguinal bypass between 2003 and 2020. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess the relationship of BMI categories (underweight [<18.5 kg/m2], non-obese [18.5-24.9 kg/m2], overweight [25-29.9 kg/m2], Class 1 obesity [30-34.9 kg/m2], Class 2 obesity [35-39.9 kg/m2], and Class 3 obesity [>40 kg/m2]) with 30-day mortality, surgical site infection, and adverse cardiovascular events. We adjusted the models for key patient demographics, comorbidities, and technical and perioperative characteristics. ResultsFrom 2003 to 2020, 60,588 arterial bypass procedures met inclusion criteria for analysis. Upon multivariable logistic regression with the non-obese category as the reference group, odds of 30-day mortality were significantly decreased among the overweight (odds ratio [OR], 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.53-0.78), Class 1 obese (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.52-0.81), Class 2 obese (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.48-0.90), and Class 3 obese (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.39-0.97) patient categories. Conversely, odds of 30-day mortality were increased in the underweight patient group (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.16-2.13). Furthermore, a BMI-dependent positive association was present, with odds of surgical site infections with patients in Class 3 obesity having the highest odds (OR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.60-2.76). Finally, among the adverse cardiovascular event outcomes assessed, only myocardial infarction (MI) demonstrated decreased odds among overweight (OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.71-0.96), Class 1 obese (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.65-0.93), and Class 2 obese (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.51-0.86) patient populations. Odds of MI among the underweight and Class 3 obesity groups were not significant. ConclusionsThe obesity paradox is evident in patients undergoing lower extremity bypass procedures, particularly with odds of 30-day mortality and MI. Our findings suggest that having higher BMI (overweight and Class 1-3 obesity) is not associated with increased mortality and should not be interpreted as a contraindication for lower extremity arterial bypass surgery. However, these patients should be under vigilant surveillance for surgical site infections. Finally, patients that are underweight have a significantly increased odds of 30-day mortality and may be more suitable candidates for endovascular therapy.

Trans-Carotid Artery Revascularization Versus Carotid Endarterectomy in Patients With Carotid Artery Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of 30-day Outcomes.

This systematic review and meta-analysis compared trans-carotid artery revascularization (TCAR) as an alternative approach to carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in patients with carotid artery disease. An electronic search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases including comparative studies with patients who underwent either TCAR or CEA. This meta-analysis is according to the recommendations of the PRISMA statement. Eight studies met our eligibility criteria, incorporating 7,606 and 7,048 patients in the TCAR and CEA groups, respectively. Thirty-day mortality (odds ratio [OR]: 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.56-1.56, P = .81) and stroke (OR: 0.92, 95%CI 0.70-1.22, P = .57) were similar between the two groups, with low heterogeneity. The odds of myocardial infarction (OR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.18-2.71, P = .01) and cranial nerve injury were significantly higher in patients undergoing CEA compared with TCAR (OR: 4.11, 95% CI: 2.59-6.51, P < .001). The subgroup analysis according to symptomatic pre-intervention status revealed no statistically significant difference regarding 30-day mortality (symptomatic OR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.40-2.07, P = .82, asymptomatic OR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.46-1.86, P = .83) and stroke (symptomatic OR: 0.88, 95% CI:0.47-1.64, P = .68, asymptomatic OR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.64-1.35, P = .70). TCAR offers an alternative treatment for patients with carotid artery stenosis with comparable to CEA mortality and stroke rates during a 30-day post-operative period.

Enrollment in High-Deductible Health Plans and Incident Diabetes Complications

Preventing diabetes complications requires monitoring and control of hyperglycemia and cardiovascular risk factors. Switching to high-deductible health plans (HDHPs) has been shown to hinder aspects of diabetes care; however, the association of HDHP enrollment with microvascular and macrovascular diabetes complications is unknown. To examine the association between an employer-required switch to an HDHP and incident complications of diabetes. This retrospective cohort study used deidentified administrative claims data for US adults with diabetes enrolled in employer-sponsored health plans between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2019. Data analysis was performed from May 26, 2022, to January 2, 2024. Adults with a baseline year of non-HDHP enrollment who had to switch to an HDHP because their employer offered no non-HDHP alternative in that year were compared with adults who were continuously enrolled in a non-HDHP. Mixed-effects logistic regression models examined the association between switching to an HDHP and, individually, the odds of myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalization for heart failure, lower-extremity complication, end-stage kidney disease, proliferative retinopathy, treatment for retinopathy, and blindness. Models were adjusted for demographics, comorbidities, and medications, with inverse propensity score weighting used to account for potential selection bias. The study included 42 326 adults who switched to an HDHP (mean [SD] age, 52 [10] years; 19 752 [46.7%] female) and 202 729 adults who did not switch (mean [SD] age, 53 [10] years; 89 828 [44.3%] female). Those who switched to an HDHP had greater odds of experiencing all diabetes complications (odds ratio [OR], 1.11; 95% CI, 1.06-1.16 for myocardial infarction; OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.09-1.21 for stroke; OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.30-1.41 for hospitalization for heart failure; OR, 2.53; 95% CI, 2.38-2.70 for end-stage kidney disease; OR, 2.23; 95% CI, 2.17-2.29 for lower-extremity complication; OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.13-1.21 for proliferative retinopathy; OR, 2.35; 95% CI, 2.18-2.54 for blindness; and OR, 2.28; 95% CI, 2.15-2.41 for retinopathy treatment). This study found that an employer-driven switch to an HDHP was associated with increased odds of experiencing all diabetes complications. These findings reinforce the potential harm associated with HDHPs for people with diabetes and the importance of affordable and accessible chronic disease management, which is hindered by high out-of-pocket costs incurred by HDHPs.

Factors Associated With Myocardial Infarction in a Rural Population With Peripheral Arterial Diseases.

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) studies in rural populations are limited. The incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) is higher in patients with PAD. This study examined the association between sociodemographic and clinical risk factors and MI in patients with PAD in Central Appalachia, comprising of 230 counties across six states in the United States. Data from electronic medical records of 13,455 patients with PAD were extracted from a large health system in Central Appalachia. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were conducted. The final sample consisted of 5574 patients with PAD, of whom 24.85% were also diagnosed with MI. The mean age was 71 ± 11.23years, and the majority were male (56.40%). After adjusting for confounders, patients with hypertension had three times higher odds of MI (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] = 3.21; 95% CI: 2.50-4.14) compared with those without hypertension. The likelihood of MI increased by 51% among patients with diabetes (aOR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.33-1.71), 34% among ever-smokers (aOR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.18-1.52), and 45% in males (aOR = 1.45; 95% CI: 1.27-1.65). Hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and male sex were identified as significant risk factors for MI. Screening and effective management of these risk factors in rural areas could potentially prevent MI incidence among patients with PAD.

Diet-Attributable Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Acute Myocardial Infarction in Costa Rica Heart Study.

Adopting sustainable dietary patterns is essential for planetary and human health. As data to address this issue are lacking in Latino populations, this study examined the association between diet-attributable greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs) and myocardial infarction (MI) in a Costa Rica Heart Study. This analysis included 1817 cases of a first non-fatal acute MI during hospitalization and their matched population-based controls, by age, sex, and area of residence. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to quantify habitual dietary intake and diet-attributable GHGEs (kg CO2 equivalent (eq.)/year). Due to the matching design, conditional logistic regression was used. Red meat consumption contributed approximately 50% to the total diet-attributable GHGEs among both cases and controls. Higher diet-attributable GHGEs were associated with increased odds of acute MI. The odds of MI were 63% higher (OR = 1.63; 95% CI 1.20-2.21) among participants in the highest quintile (median diet-attributable GHGEs = 6247 kg CO2 eq./year) compared to the lowest quintile (median diet-attributable GHGEs = 2065 kg CO2 eq./year). An increasing linear trend in the odds of acute MI and diet-attributable GHGEs was detected (p-trend 0.0012). These findings highlight the importance of reducing red meat consumption to sustainably mitigate the incidence of MI and improve planetary health.

Associations Between Monthly Cannabis Use and Myocardial Infarction in Middle-Aged Adults: NHANES 2009 to 2018

Mechanistic research suggests using Cannabis sativa L. (cannabis or marijuana) may increase the risk of cardiometabolic disease, but observational studies investigating associations between cannabis use and myocardial infarction (MI) have reported inconsistent results. Cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from five 2-year cycles between 2009 and 2018 and representing 9,769 middle-aged adults (35 to 59years old) were analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression models accounting for sampling weights and adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors were used to assess associations between a history of monthly cannabis use before MI and a subsequent MI. A quarter of respondents (n=2,220) reported a history of monthly use >1year before an MI. A history of MI was reported by 2.1% of all respondents and 3.2.% of those who reported a history of monthly use. In fully adjusted multivariable models, and compared with never use, a history of monthly cannabis use preceding an MI was not associated with an MI (odds ratio [OR] 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.35 to 1.71). However, when stratified by recent use, the odds of MI were threefold greater (OR 2.98, 95% CI 1.08 to 8.60) when no use was reported within the past month than when use was reported within the past month. Duration of monthly use was also not significantly associated with MI, including monthly use >10years (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.30 to 2.01). In conclusion, in a representative sample of middle-aged US adults, a history of monthly cannabis use >1year before an MI was not associated with a subsequent physician-diagnosed MI, except for threefold greater odds when cannabis was not used within the past month.

Abstract P2122: Coronary Heart Disease And Arthritis - An Analysis Of 2 Year Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) Data

Introduction: Arthritis has increased systematic repercussions either by extra-articular manifestations or due to limited activities. Studies have fined an association between arthritis and heart disease. In this study, we try to find that arthritis is an independent association for myocardial infarction (MI) or coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods: In this study, we used the 2020 and 2021 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), a large, nationally representative, cross-sectional telephone survey. The data was divided into the participants having arthritis or no arthritis. Results were pooled and were represented with an odds ratio (OR) with a 95% CI interval. We used a logistic regression model to pool the results and adjusted for different variables. Two different models were constructed, and ANOVA was used to compare different models. The analysis was done by using R statistical software. Fisher t-test was used to compare between 2 groups. P-value &lt; 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Pooled results of the BRFSS survey led to 835,452 participants included in the final analysis. Of the included participant, 267020 has arthritis, and 568432 does not. 38.7% were males, and 61.3% were females. In the arthritis group, 38.7% were males, and 61.3% were females. Also, 55.1% of individuals in the arthritis group are older than 65. Our analysis found that arthritis people have a higher prevalence of diabetes and stroke. We analyzed logistic regression after adjusting for sex, race, age, diabetes, stroke, and BMI. It was found that participants with arthritis have higher odds of MI or CHD ( OR = 1.055, 95% CI 1.154-1.157, p-value &lt; 0.001) compared to non-arthritis people and when adjusted for sex, race, age it was 1.074, 95% CI 1.073-1.075, p-value&lt;0.001). Conclusion: We find that arthritis is associated with an increased risk of MI or CHD independent of other risk factors. Hence, patients with arthritis need close monitoring for heart-related disease.

Mendelian randomization study reveals a causal relationship between serum iron status and coronary heart disease and related cardiovascular diseases.

Growing observational studies have shown that abnormal systemic iron status is associated with Coronary heart disease (CHD). However, these results from observational studies was not entirely consistent.It remains unclear whether this relationship represents causality.It is necessary to explore the causal relationship between iron status and CHD and related cardiovascular diseases (CVD). We aimed to investigate the potential casual relationship between serum iron status and CHD and related CVD using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Genetic statistics for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between four iron status parameters were identified in a large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) conducted by the Iron Status Genetics organization. Three independent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs1800562, rs1799945, and rs855791) aligned with four iron status biomarkers were used as instrumental variables. CHD and related CVD genetic statistics We used publicly available summary-level GWAS data. Five different MR methods random effects inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR Egger, weighted median, weighted mode, and Wald ratio were used to explore the causal relationship between serum iron status and CHD and related CVD. In the MR analysis, we found that the causal effect of serum iron (OR = 0.995, 95% CI = 0.992-0.998, p = 0.002) was negatively associated with the odds of coronary atherosclerosis (AS). Transferrin saturation (TS) (OR = 0.885, 95% CI = 0.797-0.982, p = 0.02) was negatively associated with the odds of Myocardial infarction (MI). This MR analysis provides evidence for a causal relationship between whole-body iron status and CHD development. Our study suggests that a high iron status may be associated with a reduced risk of developing CHD.

Does Semaglutide Use Decrease Complications and Costs Following Total Knee Arthroplasty?

BackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity are associated with total knee arthroplasty (TKA) complications. Semaglutide, a medication for DM and weight loss, can potentially affect TKA outcomes. This study investigated whether semaglutide use during TKA demonstrates fewer: (1) medical complications; (2) implant-related complications; (3) readmissions; and (4) costs. MethodsA retrospective query was performed using a National database to 2021. Patients undergoing TKA for osteoarthritis with DM and semaglutide use were successfully propensity score-matched to controls semaglutide = 7,051; control = 34,524. Outcomes included 90-day postoperative medical complications, 2-year implant-related complications, 90-day readmissions, in-hospital lengths of stay, and costs. Multivariate logistical regressions calculated odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals, and P values (P < .003 as significance threshold after Bonferroni correction). ResultsSemaglutide cohorts had higher incidence and odds of myocardial infarction (1.0 versus 0.7%; OR 1.49; P = .003), acute kidney injury (4.9 versus 3.9%; OR 1.28; P < .001), pneumonia (2.8 versus 1.7%; OR 1.67; P < .001), and hypoglycemic events (1.9 versus 1.2%; OR 1.55; P < .001), but lower odds of sepsis (0 versus 0.4%; OR 0.23; P < .001). Semaglutide cohorts also had lower odds of prosthetic joint infections (2.1 versus 3.0%; OR 0.70; P < .001) and readmission (7.0 versus 9.4%; OR 0.71; P < .001), and trended toward lower odds of revisions (4.0 versus 4.5%; OR 0.86; P = .02) and 90-day costs ($15,291.66 versus $16,798.46; P = .012). ConclusionSemaglutide use during TKA decreased risk for sepsis, prosthetic joint infections, and readmissions, but also increased risk for myocardial infarction, acute kidney injury, pneumonia, and hypoglycemic events.

Relationship between empirical dietary inflammatory potential and myocardial infarction

BackgroundInflammation plays an important role in developing myocardial infarction (MI). This study examined whether a proinflammatory diet is associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction. MethodsThis analysis included 7,134 participants (60.3 ± 13.6 years; 51.8% females) from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination (NHANES-III). The proinflammatory diet was assessed using the empirical dietary inflammatory potential (EDIP) score, calculated from the Food Frequency Questionnaire. MI was defined from electrocardiograms (ECGs) using the Minnesota ECG Classification. The cross-sectional association between levels of EDIP modeled as tertiles and per 1-standard deviation (1-SD) increase in separate models with the risk of MI using multivariable logistic regression analysis. ResultsParticipants with MI (n=230 (3.2%)) had higher levels of EDIP scores compared to those without MI (0.148 ± 0.241 score units vs. 0.106 ± 0.256 score units, respectively; p=0.01). In multivariable-adjusted models, each 1-SD (0.256 score unit) increase in EDIP was associated with 20% increased odds of MI (OR (95% CI); 1.20 (1.05 to 1.38)). Odds of MI increased as the levels of EDIP tertiles increased, indicating a dose-response relationship (OR (95% CI); 1,41 (1.0 to 1.99) and 1.48 (1.05 to 2.09), respectively). These results were consistent among subgroups of the participants stratified by hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia, but effect modification by smoking status was observed (interaction p-value=0.04). ConclusionsDietary patterns with high proinflammatory properties are associated with an increased risk of MI. Advocating for low proinflammatory dietary patterns could be an approach for preventing coronary heart disease.

The racial disparity among post transcatheter aortic valve replacement outcomes: A meta-analysis.

Racial disparities have been well described in cardiovascular disease. However, the impact of race on the outcomes post - Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) remains unknown. We aim to evaluate the disparity among the race (black and white) post - TAVR. We systematically searched all electronic databases from inception until September 26, 2022. The primary outcome was in-hospital all-cause mortality, and secondary outcomes was myocardial infarction (MI), acute kidney injury (AKI), permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) or ICD, stroke, vascular complications, and major bleeding. A total of three studies with 1,02,009 patients were included in the final analysis. The mean age of patients with white and black patients was 82.65 and 80.45years, respectively. The likelihood of in-hospital all-cause mortality (OR, 1.01(95%CI: 0.86-1.19), P=0.93), stroke (OR, 0.83(95%CI:0.61-1.13), P=0.23, I2=46.57%], major bleeding [OR, 1.05(95%CI:0.92-1.20), P=0.46), and vascular complications [OR, 0.92(95%CI:0.81-1.06), P=0.26), was comparable between white and black patients. However, patients with white race have lower odds of MI (OR, 0.65(95%CI:0.50-0.84), P<0.001), and AKI (OR, 0.84(95%CI:0.74-0.95), P=0.01) and higher odds of PPI or ICD (OR, 1.16(95%CI: 1.06-1.27), P<0.001, I2=0%) compared with black race patients. Our findings suggest disparity post - TAVR outcomes existed, and black patients are at higher risk of MI and AKI than white patients.Key Clinical Message:•What is already known on this topic: Disparity has been witnessed among patients with cardiovascular disease. However, no studies have drawn a significant association among post-TAVR patients' outcomes•What this study adds: Among patients who underwent TAVR, there is a difference in the adverse outcomes between black and white race patients. White patients have a lower risk of post-procedure MI and AKI compared with Black patients.•How this study might affect research, practice, or policy: These disparities need to be addressed, and proper guidelines need to be made along with engaging patients with better medical infrastructure and treatment options..

Network Meta-analysis of Trials Comparing Intravascular Ultrasound, Optical Coherence Tomography, and Angiography-Guided Technique for Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation.

The current advances in coronary imaging with the introduction of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), and more recently, optical coherence tomography (OCT) have overcome the limitations of coronary angiography. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials to report clinical outcomes among patients undergoing drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation either by IVUS- or OCT-guided technique or angiography alone. PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched systematically for all relevant published randomized clinical trials from the inception of the respective database to October 15th, 2021. The outcomes of interest assessed in this meta-analysis were major adverse cardiac events, myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization, all-cause mortality, and cardiovascular mortality. All the endpoints were expressed as odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI. The network diagrams were computed using the OR as an effective measure. All statistical analyses were carried out in R statistical software version 4.0.3. A total of 14 randomized clinical trials were included in our meta-analysis. In patient undergoing DES implantation, angiography alone was associated with higher odds of major adverse cardiac events (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.17-2.24), target vessel revascularization (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.21-2.13) and cardiovascular mortality (OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.25-3.11). However, OCT demonstrated similar odds of major adverse cardiac events, cardiovascular mortality, and target vessel revascularization compared with IVUS. The odds of myocardial infarction and all-cause mortality were similar among all the 3 groups. Although angiography alone was associated with worse outcomes than IVUS in a patient undergoing DES implantation, no difference in outcome was noted between patients undergoing DES implantation with OCT compared with IVUS. Advanced intracoronary imaging use should be encouraged to prevent excess mortality and morbidity.

OR02-4 Prediabetes is a Risk Factor for Myocardial Infarction-A National Inpatient Sample Study

Abstract Introduction Prediabetes is defined as Hba1c 5.7% - 6.4%, with an intermediate metabolic state and includes impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucose due to insulin resistance. While Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the possible link between Prediabetes and risk of Myocardial infarction (MI) has become a focus of interest in recent years. We wanted to evaluate if Prediabetes is independently associated with increased risk for MI. Methods We included adult patients admitted to teaching hospitals with a primary or secondary diagnosis of "acute myocardial infarction" from the National inpatient sample of 2016, 2017, and 2018. We created three separate multivariate logistic regression models with outcomes as MI, Percutaneous intervention (PCI), and CABG (Coronary artery bypass grafting). Results A total of 1,794,149 (95% CI 1,753,742-1,834,556) weighted hospitalizations with MI were included. Out of the 1.79 million patients with MI, 1% had Prediabetes. Prediabetes was greatly associated with increased odds for MI (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.35-1.47, P=0.000). After adjusting for age, sex, race, family history of MI, dyslipidemia, hypertension, Diabetes, nicotine dependence, and obesity, Prediabetes was significantly associated with increased odds of MI (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.20-1.31, P=0.000), increased odds of PCI (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.37-1.53, P=0.000) and increased odds of CABG (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.77-2.16, P=0.000). Discussion Our study shows that Prediabetes may be an independent risk factor for MI despite adjusting for the well-established risk factors. Coronary interventions such as PCI and CABG were highly associated with Prediabetes, suggesting macrovascular CAD. This growing evidence indicates the need to identify patients with Prediabetes and aggressively manage their cardiovascular risk factors to prevent MI. Although Prediabetes is commonly missed during coding and adds a limitation to this study, we would highlight that the association of Prediabetes with Myocardial Infarction, PCI, and CABG is a significant addition to the literature. Our study serves as a wake-up call for clinicians and patients to shift the focus to preventing Prediabetes and not just Diabetes. Our findings reinforce the importance of early recognition by screening and early intervention of Prediabetes by lifestyle changes and/or medications to decrease the risk of cardiovascular events. Presentation: Saturday, June 11, 2022 12:15 p.m. - 12:30 p.m.

Percutaneous coronary intervention versus repeat surgical revascularization in patients with prior coronary artery bypass grafting: A systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectivesRepeat coronary artery bypass grafting (RCABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are both used for the treatment of symptomatic patients with coronary artery disease and prior CABG, but the optimal treatment strategy remains unknown. We sought to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare operative and follow-up outcomes following RCABG versus PCI in patients with prior CABG. MethodsMedline and Embase were searched for studies comparing RCABG versus PCI. The primary outcome was follow-up mortality, and secondary outcomes were follow-up repeat revascularization, operative mortality, periprocedural stroke, and myocardial infarction. Time-to-event outcomes were summarized as incidence rate ratios, whereas operative outcomes were summarized as odds ratios. A random effect meta-analysis was performed. Individual patient survival data was extracted from available survival curves and reconstructed using restricted mean survival time. ResultsAmong 2982 articles, 7 studies (9945 patients) were included. In the aggregated data meta-analysis, there was no difference in follow-up survival between RCABG and PCI (incidence rate ratio, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.83-1.25); however, restricted mean survival time analysis of individual data showed a survival benefit for RCABG over PCI (0.7 years; 95% CI, 0.23-1.19 years; P = .004). PCI was found to have a higher incidence rate of follow-up need for repeat revascularization (incidence rate ratio, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.16-2.23), but lower odds for operative mortality and stroke. No difference in the odds for myocardial infarction was found. ConclusionsIn patients with prior CABG, PCI is associated with better operative outcomes, but RCABG is associated with better survival and freedom from repeat revascularization at follow-up.

The relationship between Factor XIII B subunit His95Arg and IVS11 + 144 polymorphisms and the risk of myocardial infarction

Myocardial infarction (MI) is characterized by irreversible necrosis of the heart muscle caused by a prolonged lack of oxygen. According to data from the 2018 BRFSS (unpublished NHLBI tabulation), stroke prevalence in adults is 3.4% (median) in the United States, with the lowest prevalence in Puerto Rico (1.3%) and Colorado (1.8%) and the highest prevalence in Louisiana and Tennessee (4.7%) (Ahmadi et al., 2015). Myocardial infarction has a prevalence of 39% and is known as the first cause of mortality in Iran. Numerous studies have shown the role of genetic factors in the incidence of MI. Factor FXIII is one of the genes involved in the coagulation cascade and has been associated with MI. In this study, we investigate the association between FXIII (B) His95Arg and FXIII (B) IVS11 + 144 gene polymorphisms and myocardial infarction in patients with a history of myocardial infarction. One hundred ninety-six patients admitted to Tehran Heart Center from 2019 to 2020 were included in this study. Patients were divided into case and control groups according to their history of MI. His95Arg and IVS11 + 144 were genotyped by HRM technique. The data were analyzed using R software (version 4.0.1). Our results indicated that however mutant heterozygote genotypes of both polymorphisms in the case group were higher than in the control group, our statistical analysis showed no significant relationship between His95Arg and IVS11 + 144 polymorphism and MI (p = 0.186 and p = 0.525 respectively). We found a relation between the G allele of His95Arg and MI that significantly increases the odds of MI compared to the A allele (OR = 1.97, 95% CI: [1.05, 3.69], P-value = 0.036). There was no association between the alleles of IVS11 + 144 and MI.

Abstract MP01: Disentangling The Relationship Between Genetic Predisposition And Social Environment In The Development Of Myocardial Infarction

Background: The interrelatedness between social determinants of health impedes researchers to identify important social factors for cardiovascular health. A new approach is needed to quantify the aggregate effect of social factors and develop person-centered interventions. In addition, it remains largely unknown whether social environment could offset the increased risk of cardiovascular disease among genetically predisposed persons. Objective: This study aimed to create a polysocial score to comprehensively quantify the effect of a variety of social factors of myocardial infarction (MI) and examine the synergistic effect of genetic and social factors for predicting MI. Methods: Data are from the 2006 or 2008 wave of the Health and Retirement Study. Social determinants of health encompassed five social domains: economic stability, neighborhood and physical environment, education, community and social context, and healthcare system. We used the forward stepwise logistic regression to derive a polysocial score model for 10-year incidence of MI. We calculated the incidence rate by each polygenic score tertile and polysocial score tertile. We used the interaction approach to examine the synergistic effect of polygenic score (continuously) and polysocial score (continuously) on MI. Results: 4,372 participants (55% female) initially free of MI were included. A polysocial score for MI was created using five social determinants of health. Participants with intermediate (OR=0.72; 95% CI, 0.54, 0.95) and high (OR=0.46; 95% CI, 0.33, 0.64) polysocial scores had lower odds of MI than those with low polysocial scores. In each tertile of polygenic score, higher polysocial score was associated with a lower incidence of MI. Compared with persons with a low polygenic and a high polysocial score, those with a high polygenic and low polysocial score had a 5-fold higher odds of MI (95% CI: 2.51, 11.50). A desirable social environment, indicated by a high polysocial score, could offset the increased risk of MI among persons with a high genetic risk. The incidence rate of MI was 7 per 1,000 person-years (PYs) for persons with a low genetic predisposition but an undesirable polysocial score and was 7 per 1,000 person-years (PYs) for those with a high genetic predisposition but a desirable polysocial score. Results persisted after adjustment of sex, age, and race/ethnicity (white and black). Conclusion: The polysocial approach may offer possible solutions to monitor social environments and suggestions for older people to improve their social status for cardiovascular health regardless of level of genetic predisposition. Establishment of a desirable social environment could offset the increased risk of cardiovascular disease associated with genetics.

Stroke and Myocardial Infarction: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study.

BackgroundStroke and myocardial infarction (MI) are associated with each other, as demonstrated in observational studies. However, it is unclear whether this relationship is causal, and the purpose of this study was to explore the bidirectional causality between stroke and MI.MethodsCausality between stroke and MI was assessed using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). All genetic instruments related to stroke (40,585 cases; 406,111 controls) and MI (43,676 cases; 128,199 controls) were derived from large published genome-wide association study. The MR analysis was calculated with inverse-variance weighting, MR-Egger, weighted mode, weighted median, and simple mode methods, and sensitivity analyses are used to detect the heterogeneity or pleiotropy.ResultsGenetically predicted large-artery stroke (LAS) was causally related to higher odds of MI (odds ratio [OR] = 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06–1.20, p = 1.0×10−4), and the causal effect of LAS on MI was significantly weakened (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.02–1.17, p = 0.017) after excluding the multipotent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). MI phenotypes were genetically correlated with all ischemic strokes (OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.03–1.28, p = 0.013) and LAS (OR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.14–1.71, p = 0.001); but a causal effect of MI on all ischemic strokes (OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.95–1.28, p = 0.219) and LAS (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 0.93–1.69, p = 0.130) was not observed after excluding the multipotent SNPs.ConclusionThis MR analysis provides evidence to support the causal effect of LAS subtype on MI, and some factors act as confiding factors whereas others may act as mediators.

Performance of Carotid Revascularization Procedures as Modified by Sex

Current recommendations on carotid revascularization postulate that women have both increased perioperative risks, such as stroke and death, as well as reduced benefit from intervention. These recommendations do not include data on transcarotid artery revascularization (TCAR). This study strives to compare safety and benefits of TCAR, TFCAS(Transfemoral Carotid Artery Stenting), and CEA (Carotid Endarterectomy) with regard to patient sex. We performed retrospective analysis of the Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS) Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI) CEA and stenting registries, as well as TCAR Surveillance Project data. We compared outcomes after TCAR, TFCAS, and CEA based on sex. The primary outcome was the rate of in-hospital stroke or death. Secondary outcomes included in-hospital stroke, death, transient ischemic attack (TIA), myocardial infarction (MI), stroke/death/MI, stroke/TIA, and recurrent ipsilateral stroke and/or death at 1-year of follow-up. A total of 75,538 patients were included, of which 28,960 (38.3%) were female and 46,578 (61.7%) were male. TFCAS females had more than 2 times higher odds of stroke/death (OR:2.85, 95%CI: 2.21-3.67, P < 0.001) and stroke/death/MI (OR:2.23, 95%CI:1.75-2.83, P < 0.001) when compared to CEA females. Odds of TIA were also higher in both TFCAS females (OR:2.01, 95%CI:1.19-3.42, P=0.010) and TCAR females (OR:1.91, 95%CI:1.09-3.35, P=.023) when compared to CEA females. However, only TFCAS females experienced increased odds of stroke/TIA (OR:1.96, 95%CI:1.45-2.65, P < 0.001) when compared to CEA females. TFCAS males had almost twice the odds of stroke/death (OR:1.74, 95%CI:1.39-2.16, P < 0.001) and 44% higher odds of stroke/death/MI (OR:1.44, 95%CI:1.19-1.75, P < 0.001), and more than 3-times increased odds of death (OR:3.45, 95%CI:2.53-4.71, P < 0.001) when compared to CEA males. Odds of in-hospital stroke were comparable between TFCAS and CEA after adjusting for covariates. TCAR males have half the odds of MI when compared to CEA males (OR:0.52, 95%CI:0.34-0.80, P=0.003). At 1-year TCAR had comparable risk of stroke/death while TFCAS had increased risk of stroke/death when compared to CEA among both males and females. TCAR performed similarly to CEA in both sexes regardless of symptomatic status. Stroke/death and stroke/death/MI rates were similar in symptomatic and asymptomatic males and females treated by CEA or TCAR. The 1-year outcomes of TCAR were also comparable to CEA in both sexes. It seems that TCAR may be a safe alternative to CEA particularly in women when surgical risk prohibits CEA and while TFCAS is associated with substantial adverse outcomes.