Ocimum Selloi Research Articles

Ação antifúngica de óleos essenciais contra podridão de Fusarium em melão

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to determine the composition and evaluate in vitro and in vivo effects of essential oils (Lippia sidoides Cham., Ocimum gratissimum L., Cymbopogon citratus Stapf., Ocimum selloi Benth., Citrus sinensis L., Ocimum micranthum Willd., Ocimum sp., and Piper aduncum L.) on the control of Fusarium rot in melon fruits, caused by the fungus Fusarium pallidoroseum. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and their chemical composition was determined by GCMS and GC-FID. The effect of each essential oil (concentrations of 0, 500, 1500, and 3000µL L-1) on the fungal mycelial growth was evaluated in in vitro experiment. The effective concentration that inhibited 50% of mycelial growth (EC50) was determined through the probit method; mycelial growth index (MGI) was also calculated. The essential oils with higher potential for inhibiting mycelial growth of F. pallidoroseum were evaluated for their inhibitory effect on the fungus spore germination in in vitro and in vivo experiments using melon fruits (variety Galia). Chemical composition analysis of essential oils enabled the identification of varying amounts of chemical compounds, with predominance of monoterpenes. The essential oils of L. sidoides, O. gratissimum, C. citratus, and O. micranthum presented higher inhibiting effects on F. pallidoroseum mycelial growth and spore germination, therefore, they are promising raw materials for the development of commercial fungicides, mainly for controlling postharvest rot caused by F. pallidoroseum.

Ocimum carnosum (Spreng.) Link & Otto (Sin. Ocimum selloi Benth): A Species with Food and Medicinal Potential

The species of the Lamiaceae family are known both for their use as condiments and for their biologically active properties, in this family is the genus Ocimum. This genus contains compounds such as flavonoids, carotenoids and vitamins, which have medicinal, food and cosmetic potential. Ocimum carnosum (Spreng) Link & Otto ex Benth (Lamiaceae), formerly known as Ocimum selloi Benth, is a herbaceous plant produced in the South and Southwest regions of Brazil. It is rich in compounds that can be used in various products. Thus, this study aims to present a review of studies involving the chemical composition and biological activities of O. carnosum, a versatile plant that has several potential.

Insecticidal effect of selected medicinal plants on Sitophilus zeamais Mostschulsky in stored maize

The aim of this study was to determine the insecticidal effect and phytochemical analysis of ten medicinal plant extracts against the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Order: Coleoptera Family: Curculionidae) on stored maize by using contact and repellency bioassays together with the evaluation of the Minimum Concentration of Lethality (MCL) of highly active Annona muricata. Out of the ten medicinal plant species tested, methanol extract of Annona muricata showed the highest mortality (100%) within 7 days. Repellency bioassay was done by using a Y-shaped glass tube. Ocimum selloi showed maximum (57.80 ± 21.2) repellency for the Sitophilus zeamais, while Ailanthus altissima and Eugenia caryophylata showed significant repulsion (46.67 ± 17.6) for this insect. The highly active methanol extract of A. muricata at the concentrations of 1000, 800, 600, 400, 200, and 100 ppm was tested against Sitophilus zeamais on stored maize and a 100% mortality was observed at a minimum concentration of 600 ppm. Preliminary results suggest that medicinal plants could be exploited for the isolation of insecticidal compounds. Phytochemical analysis was performed to ensure the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins.

Essential oils on the control of melon leafminer

Studies on the effect of essential oils for the control of melon leaf miner adults (Liriomyza trifolii Burgess) and the phytoxicity on melon plants (Cucumis melo L.) were carried out under green house and laboratory experiments with the aim to find the effectivity of essential oils to control this pest. Essential oils (treatments) used in the tests belonged to the following plant species: Ocimum basilicum, Ocimum kilimandshanicum, Lippia alba, Ocimum gratissimum, Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum micrantum, Lippia sidoides, Pipper aduncum, Citrus sinensis, Ocimum selloi and water as the control. In addition, two mixtures were evaluated: Mix 1 (Ocimum selloi + Pipper aduncum) and Mix 2 (Ocimum kilimandshanicum + Ocimum gratissimum). Each essential oil evaluated had the following dilutions: 0.125%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 3.0%, 5.0%, 7.0%, and 10.0%. The dilution 0.125% of Ocimum basilicum, Ocimum kilimandshanicum, Ocimum seloi, Cimbopogon citratus, Lippia alba, Peper aduncum and Mix 2 presented the best results by not causing any phytotoxicity damage to melon leaves. The other dilutions were significantly different from the pattern water. As result, the essential oil of the species Ocimum kilimandshanicum with 0.125% caused 100.0% of mortality to melon leaf miner adults and it did not cause any phytotocixity damage to melon leaves. Therefore, these results suggest that this essential oil presents a high potential to be a future commercially friendly product against melon leaf miner pest.

Chemical composition and larvicidal activity of Ocimum species essential oils from the south of the Paranaense forest (Argentine) against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae

ABSTRACT Aedes aegypti plays a predominant role in the transmission of a variety of diseases, such as yellow fever, dengue fever, malaria, Zika and Chikungunya disease. The reduction of chemicals available for vector control due to the increase in mosquito resistance to insecticides and their negative impact on the human health and the environment have driven the focus of the problem towards the identification and evaluation of sustainable alternatives to synthetic insecticides. The essential oils from the leaves of Ocimum campechianum, Ocimum ovatum, and Ocimum selloi were analyzed by GC/MS and GC/FID and investigated for its larvicidal activity against A. aegypti larvae. In the chromatographic analyses showed that the main compounds were elemicin (22.8%), methyl eugenol (33.4%), and methyl eugenol (46.5%), respectively. The susceptibility tested on essential oils was performed according to the World Health Organization protocol. The highest larvicidal potential was displayed by O. ovatum, followed by O. campechianum and O. selloi, with LC50 values of 47.5, 95.5 and 141.2 ppm, respectively. The rapid and efficient larvicidal activity of these three essential oils led us to consider these results as promising for the search of a potentially effective earth-friendly larvicide against the A. aegypti vector.

Anti-inflammatory activity and chemical composition of aqueous extract and essential oil from leaves of Ocimum selloi Benth.

Ethnopharmacological relevanceThe population uses the aqueous extract as tea from leaves of Ocimum selloi Benth. (alfavaca) for pain and inflammation issues. This study is motivated by a lack of data about inflammation properties of O. selloi. Aim of the studyThis study investigated the chemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity, in mice models, of the aqueous extract (OSAE) and essential oil (OSEO) obtained from leaves of O. selloi. Materials and methodsThe antioxidant activity and total phenolic content were evaluated for samples, although chemical composition was obtained by U-HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS for OSAE and GC-MS for OSEO. OSAE and OSEO were tested orally at doses of 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg at the carrageenan-induced pleurisy and paw edema, also mechanical hyperalgesia, in mice. ResultsFour glycosylated flavonoids and one organic acid were identified in OSAE, and nine substances in OSEO, the two majoritarian are E-anethole and methyl chavicol. Oral treatments with OSAE and OSEO significantly inhibited the carrageenan-induced pleurisy in female Swiss mice, besides OSAE and OSEO significantly prevented paw edema (after 1, 2, and 4 h), mechanical hyperalgesia (after 3 and 4 h), and cold hyperalgesia 3 h after carrageenan model in male Swiss mice. The dose of 300 mg/kg of OSEO reduced cold hyperalgesia 4 h after carrageenan. ConclusionThe results evidenced the anti-inflammatory, anti-edematogenic, anti-hyperalgesic, and anti-nociceptive potentials of both materials obtained from leaves of O. selloi, mainly OSAE, supporting the popular use of this species.

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF THE INFUSION OF Ocimum selloi LEAVES USING THE Allium cepa MODEL

Ocimum selloi is a plant used in traditional medicine as a tea; however, no studies have reported the biological activity of the aqueous extract of this plant. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and mutagenicity of two concentrations of an aqueous extract prepared by infusion of leaves from O. selloi using the Allium cepa model. The O. selloi infusion contained 107.1 ± 1.27 mg GAE g-1. In the A. cepa test, the concentration of the extract influenced the germination index; for 1.0 mg mL-1, it was 60.78% and for 5.0 mg mL-1, it was 51.14%. The evaluation of root development also showed differences between the two concentrations and the negative control, and differences in mitotic index were observed between the concentrations and the negative control; the concentration of 1.0 mg mL-1 showed an index of 4.1%, and for 5.0 mg mL-1 it was 3.7%. An index of chromosomal changes of 0.1% was observed for a concentration of 5.0 mg mL-1. The A. cepa test therefore showed that the studied concentrations did not cause deformations in cells, cell death or mutagenic alterations.

Manufacturing and characterization of craft beers with leaves from Ocimum selloi Benth.

The increase in the manufacture of craft beers follows the boost in the consumption of this beverage. Meanwhile, brewers face a drawback with beer aging, its flavor's change. The addition of compounds that overcome this downside is one alternative used by brewers. Species from the Ocimum genus are known for having antioxidant properties. Therefore, this study aimed to manufacture craft Pilsner beers with increased shelf-life performance. We prepared craft beers adding in natura leaves or aqueous extract from the leaves of Ocimum selloi and determined volatiles, and total phenolic compounds content, pH, color, and antioxidant activity. We can assure that as the fermentation proceeded, there was an increasing at the content of volatile metabolites and the addition of O. selloi improved the shelf-life of the beverages and the antioxidant potential increased when the aqueous extract at 0.1% (m/v) was added after the fermentation step.

Biocontrol potential of methyl chavicol for managing Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), an important corn pest.

Synthetic insecticides applied to control Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) can have negative impacts on environment and human health. Botanical essential oils can be sources of organic molecules with biocontrol potential and advantages, such as minor impacts on the selection of resistant pest insects and low toxicity to humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the biocontrol action of essential oils from Brazilian species and methyl chavicol compounds on the development and metabolism of S. frugiperda. Essential oils of Eremanthus erythropappus (Asteraceae), Ocimum selloi, Hyptis suaveolens, and Hyptis marrubioides (Lamiaceae) were distilled by the steam distillation method and analyzed by gas chromatograph techniques. The essential oils were incorporated into an artificial diet (at 1, 2, and 4 mg mL-1) and offered to S. frugiperda caterpillars. Larvae of S. frugiperda at 48 h of age were fed an artificial diet containing the major constituent of O. selloi (methyl chavicol). The major compounds of the essential oils were methyl chavicol for O. selloi, α-bisabolol for E. erythropappus, bicyclogermacrene for H. suaveolens, and β-thujone for H. marrubioides. O. selloi caused 100% mortality in S. frugiperda larvae at a concentration of 1 mg mL-1 after 48 h. H. marrubioides essential oil caused 100% mortality in larvae at a concentration of 4 mg mL-1 after 48 h. O. selloi and H. marrubioides inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity in 72.87% and 81.69% of larvae, respectively. O. selloi presented the highest toxicity to S. frugiperda and the lowest inhibition of AchE. Methyl chavicol was lethal to all larvae within 24 h at a concentration of 0.92 mg mL-1 of diet. Methyl chavicol showed the best insecticidal activity and potential to be used as a natural insecticide to control S. frugiperda.

Effect of Ocimum basilicum, Ocimum selloi, and Rosmarinic Acid on Cerebral Vascular Damage in a Chronic Hypertension Model.

The main objective of treatment against hypertension is not only to reduce blood pressure levels, but also to reduce vascular risk in general. In the present work, administering angiotensin II (AGII; 0.2 µg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 12 weeks) activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which caused an increase in corticosterone levels, as well as in proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)) and macrophage chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), and decreased anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 10 (IL-10) and interleukin 4 (IL-4)). On observing the behavior in the different models, an anxiogenic effect (elevated plus maze (EPM)) and cognitive impairment (water Morris maze (WMM)) was observed in animals with AGII. By administering organic extracts from Ocimum basilicum (Oba-EtOAc) and Ocimum selloi (Ose-EtOAc), and some doses of rosmarinic acid (RA) (6 weeks per os (p.o.)), the damage caused by AGII was stopped by re-establishing corticosterone serum levels and by decreasing the proinflammatory cytokines and MCP-1.

Taxonomic revision ofOcimum(Lamiaceae) in Argentina

Abstract In Argentina Ocimum is represented by four species: Ocimum campechianum, Ocimum nudicaule, Ocimum ovatum, and Ocimum selloi. Complete descriptions for each of these taxa and illustrations, as well as a key for their identification, together with distribution maps in Argentina are given. Four new synonyms are here proposed, and lectotypes are here designated for the following species: Lumnitzera carnosa, Ocimum balansae, Ocimum hassleri var. acutatum, Ocimum micranthum, Ocimum neurophyllum, O. nudicaule, O. ovatum, O. selloi, O. selloi var. angustifolium, O. selloi f. serratum, and O. selloi f. subintegrifolium.

In vitro activity of essential oil of Ocimum selloi and its major chemical compound against Moniliophthora perniciosa, causal agent of witches’ broom disease in cacao

In vitro activity of essential oil of <i>Ocimum selloi</i> and its major chemical compound against <i>Moniliophthora perniciosa</i>, causal agent of witches’ broom disease in cacao

Plantas medicinais indicadas para gripes e resfriados no sul do Brasil

Buscou-se conhecer as plantas medicinais utilizadas para gripes e resfriados por agricultores da região Sul do Rio Grande do Sul e compará-las com evidências científicas. Estudo descritivo realizado com 12 moradores agricultores da Ilha dos Marinheiros, no município de Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Utilizou-se a análise descritiva, comparando os resultados com a literatura científica. Foram citadas 13 plantas utilizadas para gripes e resfriados: Achyrocline satureioides, Allium sativum, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Citrus limon, Citrus reticulata, Citrus sinensis, Gochnatia polymorpha, Illicium verum, Mentha piperita, Mikania sp., Ocimum selloi, Origanum majorana e Verbena sp. Os resultados mostraram que o conhecimento popular vai ao encontro das evidências científicas para a maioria das indicações, visto que 84,6% das plantas citadas estão condizentes com a literatura. Desta maneira, enfatiza-se a riqueza do saber popular, a necessidade de sua valorização e constante aproximação dos profissionais de saúde a este saber, integrado ao científico.

Genetic and chemical diversity of native populations of Ocimum selloi Benth.

The present work aimed to characterize the chemical composition of essential oils and genetic diversity of three native populations of Ocimum selloi collected in Brazil southern and southeastern. Thus, with the proposals to subsidize genetic improvement programs for the species preservation and commercial application of the essential oil.A total of 60 samples from Iporanga and Piquete counties (State of São Paulo) and Adrianópolis county (State of Paraná) were analyzed by RAPD – genetic polymorphism – and GC–MS – chemical composition of essential oils. The data showed that the variation of the chemical composition of the essential oils of the samples was influenced by geographical region and genetic factors. The Piquete population was more homogeneous with respect to factors evaluated, and presented germacrene D, elemicin, trans-α-bergamotene, and bicyclogermacrene as the major components. Populations of Adrianópolis and Iporanga showed strong variability probably due to the gene flow between these populations, because they are geographically close. Most samples of these two regions had as major substances elemicin, β-selinene, and β-4-copaen-α-ol. The results showed a great genetic and chemical divergence among and inside the populations between, being the diversity inside the populations bigger than among populations. The oils presented potential for commercial use in the manufacture of veterinary, pharmaceutical, and agricultural products.

Micropropagação e germinação de sementes in vitro de atroveran

Atroveran (Ocimum selloi Benth. - Lamiaceae) é uma espécie medicinal, usada para distúrbios digestivos e tratamento de inflamações. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o estabelecimento de segmentos nodais, germinação e crescimento, in vitro, de plântulas de atroveran, em diferentes concentrações de sacarose do meio MS e a aclimatização de plântulas em diferentes substratos. Para o estabelecimento e crescimento, utilizaram-se três concentrações do meio de cultura (MS, 1/2MS e 1/4MS) e duas concentrações de sacarose (15 g/L, 30 g/L e o controle). Para a germinação, as variações do meio de cultura foram: MS, 1/2MS, 1/4MS e 0MS (controle) e duas concentrações de sacarose (15 g/L, 30 g/L e o controle). Para a aclimatização, avaliaram-se os substratos: areia fina lavada, substrato comercial, solo e solo+esterco bovino (2:1). O uso de sacarose foi essencial para o estabelecimento e crescimento dos segmentos nodais de atroveran. Recomendam-se, assim, 15 g/L de açúcar. O 1/2MS é o mais indicado para o estabelecimento dos explantes e, o 1/4MS, para o crescimento de segmentos nodais desta espécie. Maior percentagem de germinação e maior índice de velocidade de germinação foram observados na ausência da sacarose. Para o crescimento até 30 dias, recomenda-se o uso do meio 1/4MS sem sacarose e, para manutenção das plântulas, in vitro, o meio 1/4MS suplementado com 15 g/L de sacarose. Para a aclimatização de atroveran, o substrato comercial proporcionou maior crescimento das plântulas.

Antispasmodic effect of Ocimum selloi essential oil on the guinea-pig ileum

Ocimum selloi is an herbal species popularly used in Brazil as antispasmodic. Herein, we report the antispasmodic effect of O. selloi essential oil (OS) in segments of guinea-pig ileum. OS did not reduce the tonus of the ileum. In contrast, OS reduced the contraction induced by carbachol (100 μM), BaCl2 (0.03 M) and low- and high-K+ concentrations (25 and 60 mM, respectively). OS shifted the concentration–response curve for calcium to the right in a parallel manner. GC/MS analysis showed that OS consists mostly of methyl chavicol (97.57%). These results suggest that OS antispasmodic effect is mediated through calcium channel blockade. In addition, OS effect and mode of action could be accounted for methyl chavicol.

In vitroantifungal activity of Ocimum selloi essential oil and methylchavicol against phytopathogenic fungi

The efficacy of Ocimum selloi essential oil was evaluated for controlling the growth of mycelia and spores germination Moniliophthora perniciosa. Six compounds (99.89%) of the total oil were identified by GC-MS, of which methyl chavicol, methyl eugenol, β-caryophyllene, germacrene-D, bicyclogermacrene and spathulenol. Essential oil was tested for anti-fungal activity, which was determined by disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination methods. Application of the oil reduced mycelial growth in a dose dependent manner, with maximum inhibition being observed at concentration of 1,000 ppm. Such antifungal activity could be attributed to methyl chavicol since the pure compound was shown to be similarly effective against Moniliophthora perniciosa at 1,000 ppm. The oil when applied at a concentration of 1,000 ppm, reduced the spore germination of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and M. perniciosa by 93 and 87%, respectively, but had no effect on the Alternaria alternata. It is concluded that the oil from O. selloi and its major constituent, methyl chavicol, are efficient in inhibiting M. perniciosa, but less effective against C. gloeosporioides and A. alternata. The results obtained from this work may contribute to the development of alternative anti-fungal agents to protect the cacao crop from fungal disease. Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4

Chemical composition and antifungal activity of essential oils from Ocimum species

With the increase of microbial diseases and many reports of resistance of microorganisms to antifungal drugs, the importance of studies on bioprospecting of natural products with antimicrobial properties also increases. The aim of this study was to find new antifungal agents among essential oils from five Brazilian Ocimum species: Ocimum americanum, Ocimum basilicum var. purpurascens, O. basilicum var. minimum, Ocimum micranthum and Ocimum selloi. Plant leaves were steam distilled and the obtained essential oils composition was determined by means of GC–MS analysis. The main constituents for O. americanum oil were 1,8-cineole (25.9%) and (Z)-methyl cinnamate (29.4%), for O. basilicum var. purpurascens linalool (41.5%) and α-muurulol (11.8%), for O. basilicum var. minimum linalool (44%) and 1,8-cineole (15.5%), for O. micranthum and eugenol (64.11%) and β-caryophyllene (14.3%) and for O. selloi, linalool (16.8%) and anethole (52.2%). The antifungal activity of essential oils was evaluated against Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, Candida glabrata and Candida krusei by the broth microdilution method. Among the five plants O. micranthum and O. selloi showed the best results, with MIC ranging from 312.5 to 1250μgmL−1. The Ocimum essential oils, mainly O. micranthum and O. selloi are active in vitro against the Candida species showing to be promising sources for new phytotherapeutic agents to treat mycosis due to the presence of effective antifungal compounds as eugenol and anethole.

Antioxidant property of selected Ocimum species andtheir secondary metabolite content

In this study, chemical composition and antioxidative properties of eight selected Ocimum species (Ocimum gratissimum, Ocimum americanum, Ocimum minimum, Ocimum citriodorum, Ocimum kilimandscharicum, Ocimum grandiflorum, Ocimum lamiifolium, and Ocimum selloi) was investigated. Leaves of these plants were extracted using methanol. The quantitative analysis of phenolic constituents was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. Total phenolic content was estimated using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and antioxidant activity was assessed using iron (III) reduction,
-carotene–linoleic acid bleaching, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and superoxide anion free radical scavenging assays. Phenolic acids, hydroxycinnamates, and flavonoids were identified and quantified within each extracts based on the area of each peaks with an external standards. The extracts of Ocimum species exhibited activity in all the in vitro antioxidant assays but it was not as potent as butylated hydroxyl anisole (BHA). The phytochemicals found in each extract are rich antioxidants and these extracts can be used as an effective preservative in food industry. Key words: Ocimum species, antioxidant activity, free radicals, total phenols, HPLC, secondary metabolites

Correlação entre as atividades antiradical, antiacetilcolinesterase e teor de fenóis totais de extratos de plantas medicinais de farmácias vivas

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a correlação entre o conteúdo de fenóis de extratos de 18 plantas medicinais comuns nas Farmácias Vivas com a atividade sequestradora do radical livre DPPH e com a inibição da enzima acetilcolinesterase. Maiores conteúdos de fenóis totais foram encontrados nas plantas: Eugenia uniflora, Lippia alba, Lippia microphylla, Mentha x villosa, Ocimum gratissimum e Ocimum selloi. As espécies que apresentaram maior atividade antioxidante, semelhante a quercetina, foram: Spondias mombim, Malphigia glabra, L. alba e Croton zenhtneri,. As plantas Cecropia pachystachia, L. alba, L. microphylla, M. glabra, O. gratissimum e Plectranthus ornatus mostraram maiores halos de inibição da enzima acetilcolinesterase. Combinando as duas ações, as plantas mais ativas foram a M. glabra e a L. alba e somente a segunda correlaciona-se diretamente com o maior teor de fenóis totais. Através deste estudo, M. glabra e L. alba foram consideradas as plantas mais promissoras para estudos subsequentes a fim de encontrar novos compostos com ação potencial contra a doença de Alzheimer.