Ocimum Micranthum Research Articles

Effectiveness of Passiflora foetida (Baby Semitoo) and Ocimum campechianum extracts (Married Man Pork) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae

Abstract. Scott S, Daniel R, Kalicharran L. 2023. Effectiveness of Passiflora foetida (Baby Semitoo) and Ocimum campechianum extracts (Married Man Pork) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 21: 79-87. Medicinal plants have long been used to treat illnesses. They contain many secondary metabolites, which have antibiotic properties, and can treat antimicrobial resistance in bacteria. The aim of this study was to investigate the phytochemicals in Passiflora foetida L. (Baby Semitoo) and Ocimum campechianum Mill. (Married Man Pork) and to analyze the antimicrobial potential against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Plant extracts were prepared using hexane, methanol, and water, with a rotary evaporator. The extracts were tested using zone of inhibition, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), and Minimum Bacterial Concentration (MBC) methods. The extract of O. campechianum produced the highest percent yield for each solvent, while methanol produced the highest yield of all solvents. The results of the phytochemical test showed that, O. campechianum contained flavonoids, tannins, saponins, glycosides, and phenols; while flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, and saponins were found in P. foetida extract. Similarly, O. campechianum also showed higher antimicrobial potential than P. foetida. The P. aeruginosa proved more susceptible than K. pneumoniae to both plants.

Bioactivity of extracts of Ocimum campechianum in the development of Ascia monuste orseis

Bioactivity of extracts of Ocimum campechianum in the development of Ascia monuste orseis

Assessment of plant ecological variability and heavy metal accumulation potential in naturally growing plant species of Pakhar bauxite mine site, Jharkhand, India

Abandoned bauxite mine (ABM) soil generally contains an unacceptable number of heavy metals (HMs), causing several ecological and environmental issues. The present study was conducted with a similar objective to assess the HM accumulation potential of the naturally growing plant species from Pakhar ABM site. Vegetation communities were studied using quadrat methods for plant species at both ABM and the control site (near the ABM site). A total of 21 (9 at the ABM site and 12 at the control site) plant species were recorded in the present study belonging to 10 families. Vegetation study revealed that the dominant plant species were Ammophila arenaria and Lantana camara at ABM site and Lantana camara at the control site. The concentration of HMs in soil at the ABM site, were 66180.00 mg kg−1 Al, 62.20 mg kg−1 Cr, 22.60 mg kg−1 Cu, 346800.00 mg kg−1 Fe, 780.80 mg kg−1 Mn, and 39.80 mg kg−1 Zn while in the soil of site located nearby taken as the control showed 56500.00 mg kg−1 Al, 4.40 mg kg−1 Cu, 51120.00 mg kg−1 Fe, 58.20 mg kg−1 Mn, 13.00 mg kg−1 Zn. Ammophila arenaria, Miscanthus sinensis, Acacia drepanolobium and Rumex pulcher exhibited the highest metal accumulation at the ABM site, while Ocimum campechianum, Lantana camara, Panicum virgatum L., Euphorbia hirta and Holcus lanatus, Cerastium glomeratum thuill and Shorea robusta exhibited the highest metal accumulation at control site. Plant Lantana camara showed considerable TF values for Pb, Al and Fe, from the ABM soil while Shorea robusta showed high TF values for Al, Cu, Zn, and Fe from the control soil. The BAF for Cu, Mn and Zn from ABM soil were observed in Acacia drepanolobium whereas Cerastium glomeratum thuill exhibited maximum BAF values for Zn and Cu from control soil.

Ação antifúngica de óleos essenciais contra podridão de Fusarium em melão

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to determine the composition and evaluate in vitro and in vivo effects of essential oils (Lippia sidoides Cham., Ocimum gratissimum L., Cymbopogon citratus Stapf., Ocimum selloi Benth., Citrus sinensis L., Ocimum micranthum Willd., Ocimum sp., and Piper aduncum L.) on the control of Fusarium rot in melon fruits, caused by the fungus Fusarium pallidoroseum. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and their chemical composition was determined by GCMS and GC-FID. The effect of each essential oil (concentrations of 0, 500, 1500, and 3000µL L-1) on the fungal mycelial growth was evaluated in in vitro experiment. The effective concentration that inhibited 50% of mycelial growth (EC50) was determined through the probit method; mycelial growth index (MGI) was also calculated. The essential oils with higher potential for inhibiting mycelial growth of F. pallidoroseum were evaluated for their inhibitory effect on the fungus spore germination in in vitro and in vivo experiments using melon fruits (variety Galia). Chemical composition analysis of essential oils enabled the identification of varying amounts of chemical compounds, with predominance of monoterpenes. The essential oils of L. sidoides, O. gratissimum, C. citratus, and O. micranthum presented higher inhibiting effects on F. pallidoroseum mycelial growth and spore germination, therefore, they are promising raw materials for the development of commercial fungicides, mainly for controlling postharvest rot caused by F. pallidoroseum.

A Comparative Study on Chemical Compositions and Biological Activities of Four Amazonian Ecuador Essential Oils: Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae), Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf, (Poaceae), Ocimum campechianum Mill. (Lamiaceae), and Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberaceae).

Essential oils (EOs) and their vapour phase of Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae), Cymbopogon citratus (Poaceae), Ocimum campechianum (Lamiaceae), and Zingiber officinale (Zingiberaceae) of cultivated plants grown in an Amazonian Ecuador area were chemically characterised by Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID), Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), and Head Space-Gas Chromatograph-Flame Ionization Detector-Mass Spectrometry (HS-GC-FID-MS).figure The EOs analyses led to the identification of 25 compounds for C. longa (99.46% of the total; ar-turmerone: 23.35%), 18 compounds for C. citratus (99.59% of the total; geraniol: 39.43%), 19 compounds for O. campechianum (96.24% of the total; eugenol: 50.97%), and 28 for Z. officinale (98.04% of the total; α-Zingiberene: 15.45%). The Head Space fractions (HS) revealed C. longa mainly characterised by limonene and 1,8-cineole (37.35%) and α-phellandrene (32.33%); Z. officinale and C. citratus showed camphene (50.39%) and cis-Isocitral (15.27%) as the most abundant compounds, respectively. O. campechianum EO revealed a higher amount of sesquiterpenes (10.08%), mainly characterised by E-caryophyllene (4.95%), but monoterpene fraction remained the most abundant (89.94%). The EOs were tested for antioxidant, antimicrobial, and mutagen-protective properties and compared to the Thymus vulgaris EO as a positive reference. O. campechianum EO was the most effective in all the bioactivities checked. Similar results emerged from assaying the bioactivity of the vapour phase of O. campechianum EO. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activity evaluation of O. campechianum EO were repeated through HP-TLC bioautography assay, pointing out eugenol as the lead compound for bioactivity. The mutagen-protective evaluation checked through Ames's test properly modified evidenced a better capacity of O. campechianum EO compared with the other EOs, reducing the induced mutagenicity at 0.1 mg/plate. However, even with differences in efficacy, the overall results suggest important perspectives for the functional use of the four studied EOs.

<em>Ocimum campechianum</em> essential oil: chemical composition and antifungal activity against filamentous fungi

Ocimum campechianum (OC), an aromatic and medicinal plant from the Amazon region, is rich in essential oils with antimicrobial potential. This study aimed to analyze the quality, toxicity, and antifungal action of Ocimum campechianum essential oil(OCEO). The plant species were collected in the city of São Luís-MA (Brazil). The essential oil (EO) was extracted by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger apparatus, and the physical-chemical parameters were analyzed according to the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia norms. The essential oil constituents were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Toxicity was evaluated against brine shrimp (Artemia salina Leach). The antifungal activity was evaluated by the method of disk diffusion and microdilution in broth against ATCC strains of filamentous fungi Aspergillus Niger (ATCC 6275), Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (ATCC 96723), and Penicillium chrysogenum (ATCC 10106. The essential oil showed a slightly yellowish color, intense clove aroma, a density of 1.0 ± 0.0 g/mL, a refractive index of 1.52 ± 0.00, solubility in ethanol (1:2), and a yield of 1.40%. The chromatographic profile showed 36 volatile compounds, the majority being eugenol (49.18%), followed by β- caryophyllene (17.26%), elixene (9.46%), methyl eugenol (7.65%), and eucalyptol (2,55%). It presented LC 50 = 955 μg / mL against Artemia salina. The fungi induced growth inhibition zones (14.90 to 17.85 mm). The fungus P. chrysogenum was the most susceptible (MIC 220 μg/ml) compared to the fungi A. niger (MIC 250 μg/mL) and C. gloeosporioides (MIC 270 μg/mL). The minimum fungicide concentration (MFC) was sufficient to inhibit the growth of P. chrysogenum at 380 μg/mL, A. niger at 400.25 μg/mL, and C. gloeosporioides at 416.66 μg/mL. The OCEO showed good quality, low toxicity, and fungicidal action against the filamentous fungi analyzed, suggesting its application as a promising natural antifungal, mainly in combating diseases in post-harvest crops.

Chemical composition and larvicidal activity of Ocimum species essential oils from the south of the Paranaense forest (Argentine) against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae

ABSTRACT Aedes aegypti plays a predominant role in the transmission of a variety of diseases, such as yellow fever, dengue fever, malaria, Zika and Chikungunya disease. The reduction of chemicals available for vector control due to the increase in mosquito resistance to insecticides and their negative impact on the human health and the environment have driven the focus of the problem towards the identification and evaluation of sustainable alternatives to synthetic insecticides. The essential oils from the leaves of Ocimum campechianum, Ocimum ovatum, and Ocimum selloi were analyzed by GC/MS and GC/FID and investigated for its larvicidal activity against A. aegypti larvae. In the chromatographic analyses showed that the main compounds were elemicin (22.8%), methyl eugenol (33.4%), and methyl eugenol (46.5%), respectively. The susceptibility tested on essential oils was performed according to the World Health Organization protocol. The highest larvicidal potential was displayed by O. ovatum, followed by O. campechianum and O. selloi, with LC50 values of 47.5, 95.5 and 141.2 ppm, respectively. The rapid and efficient larvicidal activity of these three essential oils led us to consider these results as promising for the search of a potentially effective earth-friendly larvicide against the A. aegypti vector.

Essential Oil Composition and Stable Isotope Profile of Cultivated Ocimum campechianum Mill. (Lamiaceae) from Peru.

Ocimum campechianum Mill. (Peruvian basil) is an essential oil-bearing plant of the Lamiaceae family. Volatile oil produced through steam distillation of Peruvian basil was examined to establish the aromatic and stable isotope profiles of samples (n = 9) from three different cultivated plots in Peru. The resulting essential oils were analyzed by GC/FID, GC/MS, and GC/IRMS. In accordance with findings from other researchers, multiple chemotypes, defined by the most abundant aromatic compounds, exist within these populations. Overall, 55% of samples are the eugenol chemotype (values ranging 15.4–30.2%), 33% are the methyl eugenol chemotype (values ranging 68.1–68.7%), and a single sample is a mixture of both chemotypes, containing high levels of both eugenol (38.1%) and methyl eugenol (8.6%). Stable isotope ratios, δ2H and δ13C, performed on prominent compounds provide supporting data for distinguishing chemotypes. Complete aromatic profiles, stable isotope ratios, and essential oil yield are established for each sample. This study confirms the existence of multiple chemotypes and, for the first time, to the author’s best knowledge, establishes stable isotope ratios for O. campechianum essential oil, which proves a useful tool in further investigating plant metabolism and determining essential oil authenticity.

Ocimum campechianum Mill. from Amazonian Ecuador: Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Extracts and Their Main Constituents (Eugenol and Rosmarinic Acid)

The essential oil (EO), the methanolic (MeOH), and the 70% ethanolic (70% EtOH) extracts obtained from the aerial parts of Ocimum campechianum Mill. (Ecuador) were chemically characterized through gas-chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry detector (GC-MS), high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array-mass spectrometry detectors (HPLC-DAD-MS) and studied for their in vitro biological activity. The radical scavenger activity, performed by spectrophotometric 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays, highlighted significant IC50 values for the EO, extracts and their main constituents (eugenol and rosmarinic acid). EO (and eugenol) showed noteworthy activity against Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and a moderate effect against clinical Candida strains, with possible synergism in association to fluconazole against the latter microorganisms. The extracts and pure molecules exhibited weak cytotoxic activity against the HaCat cell line and no mutagenicity against Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains, giving indication of safety. Instead, EO showed a weak activity against adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549). The above-mentioned evidence leads us to suggest a potential use of the crude drug, extracts, and EO in cosmetic formulation and food supplements as antioxidant agents. In addition, EO may also have a possible application in plant protection and anti-Candida formulations.

In vitro effects of regulators on growth and morphogenesis of Ocimum basilicum L. ‘Alfavaca Green’ stem apexes

In vitro effects of regulators on growth and morphogenesis of Ocimum basilicum L. ‘Alfavaca Green’ stem apexes

The chemical composition, characterization, and combination effect of Ocimum campechianum leaf essential oils and bio-produced silver nanoparticles against Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli.

Metallic nano-particles (NPs), particularly silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are emerging as biological tools for assessing the antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties and to enhance the potential therapeutic efficacy of botanicals. Basil (Ocimum spp.), rich in various essential oils has been attributed with a wide range of antimicrobial properties. The aim of this study was to compare anti-bacterial activity of basil (Ocimum campechianum) essential oil, bioproduced silver NPs and their possible combinations against Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli. The constituents of essential oil of Ocimum campechianum was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GCMS). The AgNPs were monitored by visualizing color changes and were characterized by using UV-Vis, FT-IR, SEM, and TEM. Further, antibacterial activity of basil EO extracts alone, bioproduced silver NPs alone, and their possible combination activity with basil EO extracts were assessed by measuring turbidity of growth rates of Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli using BioScreen C analyzer. A total of 20 compounds were identified in the essential oil accounting for 99.6% of the composition. The oil of O. campechianum contained as main components, caryophyllane 4, 8- α-epoxy (59.5%), (E)-caryophyllene (11.7%), and (E)-methyl isoeugenol (6.3%), α-Cymene (5.6%). The presence of AgNPs was confirmed by the excitation of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) using UV–visible spectrophotometer at 442nm. The FT-IR analysis showed the presence of possible biomolecules needed for reducing silver ions; SEM and, TEM analysis confirmed the spherical shape and the average particle size (5-50nm). The reduction in the growth of L. monocytogenes was 66% by EO extract, 42% by bio-produced AgNPs alone, and by 49% by the combined effect of (EO extract with bio-produced AgNPs). The EO extract of accession PI 652066 reduced the growth of E. coli by 62%, whereas combined EO extract with bio-produced AgNPs reduced the growth by 25%. However, there was no inhibition of the growth of E. coli by AgNPs alone. The results suggest that O. campechianum plant extract could be used as a proficient reducing agent for the bio production of AgNPs and, can be used to treat multidrug resistant microorganisms and other bio medical applications.

Chemical composition and biological activities of the essential oils from Vitex-agnus castus, Ocimum campechianum and Ocimum carnosum.

The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from fresh leaves of Vitex agnus-castus and Ocimum campechianum, and from fresh inflorescences of Ocimum carnosum were analysed by GC-FID and GC-MS. The major components of V. agnus-castus essential oil were identified as 1,8-cineole (47.9%), terpinyl α-acetate (11.6%), sabinene (11.2%) and caryophyllene oxide (9.7%), while in the O. campechianum essential oil were eugenol (72.1%), β-elemene (6.8%), (E)-caryophyllene (6.4%) and bicyclogermacrene (5.2%). Linalool (79.0%), α-epi-cadinol (5.4%), terpinen-4-ol (3.2%) and 1,8-cineole (2.8%) were the major constituents in the O. carnosum essential oil. The essential oils were subsequently evaluated for their larvicidal and cytotoxic activities. Larval bioassay against Aedes aegypti of V. agnus-castus, O. campechianum and O. carnosum essential oils showed LC50 values of 97.55 ± 0.35, 81.45 ± 0.35 and 109.49 ± 0.35 μg/mL, respectively. The in vitro cytotoxic activities of the essential oils has been evaluated on breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), lung carcinoma (NCI-H292), pro-myelocytic leukemia (HL-60), and cervical adenocarcinoma (HEP-2) human cell lines, and pro-myelocytic leukemia cells lines (HL-60) were found to be the most sensitive to all the essential oils tested than the others. This is the first report on larvicidal and cytotoxic activities of these essential oils.

α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity and in vivo antihyperglycemic effect of secondary metabolites from the leaf infusion of Ocimum campechianum mill

Ethnopharmacological relevanceWild basil (Ocimum campechianum Mill.), an aromatic herb of the Lamiaceae family known as “albahaca de monte” (Spanish) or “x'kakaltun” (Mayan) in Yucatan, is used in Mayan traditional medicine to treat diabetes, as well as to alleviate fever symtoms, stomach pain, conjunctivitis, and various skin affections. Aim of the studyTo isolate and identify the bioactive metabolites responsible for the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity previously detected in the leaf infusion O. campechianum. Materials and methodsThe bioassay-guided fractionation and purification of the lyophilized infusion was carried out using a liquid-liquid partition procedure, followed by successive chromatographic purifications of the semipurified fractions. The isolated metabolites were identified by comparing their spectroscopic data with those reported in the literature. The liophylized infusion, together with the semipurified fractions, and the pure metabolites were tested for their antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, as well as their antihyperglycemic effect. ResultsChromatographic purification of the semipurified fractions led to the isolation of the polymethoxylated flavones 5-demethyl nobiletin (1) and 5-demethyl sinensetin (2), together with luteolin (3), methyl rosmarinate (4) and rosmarinic acid (5). Metabolites 4 and 5 appear to be responsible for the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and the antihyperglycemic effect detected in the lyophilized infusion. A Lineweaver-Burk double reciprocal plot confirmed that the higher α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of 4 is of non-competitive nature. Both 4 and 5 caused a decrease in blood glucose higher than that caused by acarbose, a result that appears to be related to their strong α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Even though flavonoids 1–3 did not show a good inhibition of α-glucosidase, these products decreased blood glucose in the in vivo model, suggesting a different antihyperglycemic mechanism. ConclusionsThe results confirm both the traditional use of O. campechianum and the importance of the leaf infusion as a potential source of antihyperglycemic agents. The isolation of 5-demethyl nobiletin (1) and 5-demethyl sinensetin (2) from O. campechianum and other Ocimum spp. suggests that polymethoxyflavones can be considered chemotaxonomical markers for the genus.

Anesthetic induction of juveniles of Rhamdia quelen and Ctenopharyngodon idella with Ocimum micranthum essential oil

ABSTRACT: Anesthetics are effective to reduce or minimize stress in handling operations related to fish cultures. Aiming to avoid residual effects of synthetic drugs, several natural agents, such as essential oils (EOs), have been tested. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal concentration of the EO of Ocimum micranthum for induction of anesthesia in juveniles of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) and grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Results demonstrated that the most suitable concentration to sedate silver catfish and carp is 25μL/L, while to anesthetize 200μL/L is more suitable for silver catfish and 100μL/L for grass carp, because these concentrations induce deep anesthesia in less than three min and recovery in less than five min. Analysis of the EO constituents showed methyl chavicol, a compound with carcinogenic potential, as the major component (58.2%). Therefore, the EO of O. micranthum is not recommended for fish anesthesia if the fish are to be used as food.

Morphology and density of glandular trichomes of Ocimum campechianum and Ruellia nudiflora in contrasting light environments: A scanning electron microscopy study

Glandular trichome morphology and density may be of ecological importance since, in some plant species, they are strongly influenced by external factors such as temperature and light intensity. In this study, we describe the morphology and density of leaf glandular trichomes of Ocimum campechianum and Ruellia nudiflora plants growing under two different light environments (sun vs. shade) in order to determine whether there is an effect of light availability on trichome density in these plant species. The morphology and density of the glandular trichomes in both species were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Two morphologically distinct types of glandular trichomes were observed on O. campechianum leaf surfaces: peltate and capitate, of which the former was more abundant (ca. 3:1). In R. nudiflora, only one morphotype of peltate trichome was observed on both leaf surfaces. Overall, the trichome density of both species was higher on the abaxial than on the adaxial leaf surface. However, the plants exposed to full solar radiation and those in the shaded conditions presented similar glandular trichome densities (O. campechianum: sun = 16.7 vs. shade = 15.5 number of trichomes per mm−2; R. nudiflora: sun = 13.1 vs. shade = 11.9 number of trichomes per mm−2). Trichome density is therefore likely to be a fixed condition in the studied species.

Seasonal Study of Methyleugenol Chemotype of Ocimum campechianum Essential Oil and Its Fungicidal and Antioxidant Activities

Ocimum species (Lamiaceae) have aroused great interest to the scientific community with respect to different biological properties attributed to their essential oils. The seasonal variation and antioxidant and fungical activities were carried out for the essential oil of Ocimum campechianum. Its essential oil showed an excellent yield (0.5–5.3%) throughout the season. The essential oils of leaves/stems and inflorescences were analyzed by GC and GC-MS to identify their volatile constituents and associate them with the antioxidant and antifungal activities. Methyleugenol was the main component in the leaves/stems (80.0-87.0%) and inflorescences (75.3–83.5%). The essential oil and the methyleugenol standard showed low antioxidant activity (<40%) against DPPH radical, but high antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum and Colletotrichum gossypii phytopatogens as well as the mycelial growth and spore germination of the fungi. The high levels of methyleugenol coupled with good fungicidal activity give great agroindustrial potential to this Ocimum species.

\u201cAntimicrobial and antiproliferative activity of essential oil, aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Ocimum micranthum Willd leaves\u201d

BackgroundOcimum micranthum Willd is a plant used in traditional medicine practiced in the region of the Yucatan peninsula. In particular, it is used for the treatment of cutaneous infections and wound healing, however there are currently no existing scientific studies that support these applications. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and the in vitro proliferative activity (on healthy mammalian cell lines) of the essential oil and extracts (aqueous and ethanolic) of this plant.MethodsThe minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of essential oil and aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Ocimum micranthum leaves against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans was determined using the microdilution technique. The in vitro proliferative activity of human fibroblast (hFB) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells treated with these extracts was evaluated using the MTT test. The hFB cell line was also evaluated using Trypan Blue assay.ResultsCandida albicans was more susceptible to the ethanolic extract and the aqueous extract (MIC value of 5 μL/mL and 80 μL/mL respectively). In the case of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the MIC of the aqueous and ethanolic extract was 125 μL/mL.The aqueous extract showed a significant (p < 0.05) antiproliferative effect on hFB cells at a concentration of 4%, with cell proliferation percentage values of 73.56% and 20.59% by MTT method and Trypan Blue assay, respectively; the same effect was observed for the ethanolic extract at concentration from 0.06% to 0.25% using MTT method and at a concentration from 0.125% to 0.25% using Trypan Blue assay. In CHO-K1 cells an antiproliferative effect was observed at a concentration of 8% of aqueous extract and from 0.06% to 0.25% of ethanolic extract using the MTT method.ConclusionThese assays showed that low concentrations of essential oil and extracts of Ocimum micranthum leaves are sufficient to cause an antiproliferative effect on the hFB cell line but do not produce an antimicrobial effect against the microorganisms evaluated. More studies are necessary to improve understanding of the mechanism of action of the compounds implicated in the bioactivities shown by the crude extracts.

Potential of allelochemicals from basil (Ocimum micranthum Willd) to control whitefly (Aleurodicus cocois (Curtis, 1846)) in cashew nut crop (Anacardium occidentale L.)

Potential of allelochemicals from basil (Ocimum micranthum Willd) to control whitefly (Aleurodicus cocois (Curtis, 1846)) in cashew nut crop (Anacardium occidentale L.)

Potential of allelochemicals from basil (Ocimum micranthum Willd) to control whitefly (Aleurodicus cocois (Curtis, 1846)) in cashew nut crop (Anacardium occidentale L.)

Potential of allelochemicals from basil (Ocimum micranthum Willd) to control whitefly (Aleurodicus cocois (Curtis, 1846)) in cashew nut crop (Anacardium occidentale L.)

Taxonomic revision ofOcimum(Lamiaceae) in Argentina

Abstract In Argentina Ocimum is represented by four species: Ocimum campechianum, Ocimum nudicaule, Ocimum ovatum, and Ocimum selloi. Complete descriptions for each of these taxa and illustrations, as well as a key for their identification, together with distribution maps in Argentina are given. Four new synonyms are here proposed, and lectotypes are here designated for the following species: Lumnitzera carnosa, Ocimum balansae, Ocimum hassleri var. acutatum, Ocimum micranthum, Ocimum neurophyllum, O. nudicaule, O. ovatum, O. selloi, O. selloi var. angustifolium, O. selloi f. serratum, and O. selloi f. subintegrifolium.