Ocean Mapping Research Articles

A novel three-dimensional analysis of functional architecture that describes the properties of macroalgae as a refuge

MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 608:93-103 (2019) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps12800 A novel three-dimensional analysis of functional architecture that describes the properties of macroalgae as a refuge Colin Ware1,*, Jennifer A. Dijkstra1, Kristen Mello1, Andrew Stevens1, Brandon O’Brien2, William Ikedo1 1Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA 2School of Marine Sciences and Ocean Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA *Corresponding author: cware@ccom.unh.edu ABSTRACT: Foundation species like macroalgae provide habitat for large numbers of animals. The spatial structure between branches or thalli can act as a refuge from larger predators and can affect the number and distribution of inhabitant species. Most metrics for habitat architecture are based on 2-dimensional measurements, but habitats are 3-dimensional. We report a new method, spherical space analysis, for characterizing the 3-dimensional volume distribution by size of interstitial spaces for 3 species of macroalgae (seaweed) with distinct architectures. This analysis gives the distribution of volumes within a foundation species that are inaccessible by an idealized spherical organism—an ‘inaccessible volume curve’. A second product is an ‘inaccessible surface area curve’. We incorporated abundances and size ranges of meso-invertebrates into spherical space analysis to predict predator-prey interactions as a function of the relationship between inaccessible volume and area and the size of predators and prey. The results show that filamentous forms of macroalgae have more smaller interstitial volume and area than branched or blade forms of macroalgae that support a larger number of smaller meso-invertebrates. The model suggests that the spatial structure of macroalgae affects predator-prey interactions with a greater number of smaller spaces providing more refuge. This was particularly apparent for kelp. Spherical space analysis provides a mechanism for understanding how the spatial architecture of a macroalgal environment mediates the network of feeding interactions occurring within it. This can have implications for restoration efforts, as the morphology and density of foundation species are integral in the maintenance of communities. KEY WORDS: Habitat architecture · Foundation species · Kelp · Invasive species · Macroalgae · Predator-prey dynamics · Macrophyte architecture · Spatial structure · Benthic habitat. Full text in pdf format Supplementary material PreviousNextCite this article as: Ware C, Dijkstra JA, Mello K, Stevens A, O’Brien B, Ikedo W (2019) A novel three-dimensional analysis of functional architecture that describes the properties of macroalgae as a refuge. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 608:93-103. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps12800 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 608. Online publication date: January 03, 2019 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 2019 Inter-Research.

Nature and Culture in the Early Modern Atlantic by Peter C. Mancall

Reviewed by: Nature and Culture in the Early Modern Atlantic by Peter C. Mancall Shepard Krech III Nature and Culture in the Early Modern Atlantic. By Peter C. Mancall. Early Modern Americas. (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2018. Pp. xvi, 197. $29.95, ISBN 978-0-8122-4966-8.) In recent years an active research topic on the early modern era has been the intersection of human beings and the natural world (or "nature"). From all sides have come significant works investigating the science of describing natural history and the invention of exoticism and the endemic or the indigenous. Nature and Culture in the Early Modern Atlantic explores the natural world as conceived in the sixteenth-century Atlantic basin. With footings in both history and anthropology, Peter C. Mancall is well positioned to plumb the topic—and the result, which started as the Mellon Distinguished Lectures in the Humanities at the University of Pennsylvania, proves the adage that good things can and at times do come in small packages. The author regards this work as an "extended essay" (p. x). With a core text of 137 pages, generous spacing and margins, and engaging illustrations (including twelve color plates), it delights as it enlightens at every turn. Nature and Culture in the Early Modern Atlantic consists of three chapters, a postscript, and a note on sources. Mancall states that he has drawn on images, printed texts, folklore, and oral history for his analysis. In fact, the first two are clearly of paramount importance, and images are both central to and a great strength of this work. In the first chapter, Mancall pushes the frontiers of the other-than-natural world, both to establish the boundaries of the natural world and to address how people at the time knew what they knew. His answers pertain principally to the Europeans, as we see (and read about) both monstra marina on oceanic maps and curious beings, human or not (such as bipedal creatures with faces on their chests), on continental maps. Mancall wonders if the Europeans really believed in such boundary-bursting creatures, but he also notes that in 1500 the wondrous categories of indigenous people were not that different. But as the sixteenth century unfolded, the wonders in European cultural conceptions yielded to newer methodologies of description and explanation embedded increasingly in an encyclopedic and, in citations, authoritative science. The second chapter explores what Mancall calls a "new ecology," drawing extensively on the extraordinary visual evidence in maps linked to Nicolas [End Page 412] Vallard of Dieppe and António de Holanda—including the Atlas Miller (1519) and in the Histoire Naturelle des Indes (circa 1590s). The maps, for example, contrast fully clothed, city-dwelling Europeans with naked, forest-dwelling native people of the New World and Africa. They reflect strong interests in commodification and trade. They depict not just strange people, some feathered in their wear (and others cannibals—a common trope), but also novel mammals and birds. The maps and other materials also contrast the deforested lands and cities of Europe with the forested lands and architecturally simpler living spaces of Africa and the Western Hemisphere. That change was coming to the latter, however, is reflected in images of commodification and of the cutting of valuable trees in the New World; a portent, ominous or not, of the future as well as a symbol of the broader Columbian exchange of plants with dietary or medicinal value and other commodities. Chapter 3, "The Landscape of History," is a case study of the manipulation by the English of an imagery of landscape and people originally conceived with what we would now call ethnographic intent, in order that it might be reconciled with their understanding of their claim on Indian lands as legitimate. Mancall draws on depictions of Algonquians on the Carolina coast—John White's watercolors, Thomas Harriot's text, Richard Hakluyt's editions, and Theodor de Bry's engravings—to discuss processes of selection and alteration from painting to engraving that benefited the promoters in England and not the Native people in Carolina. Again, analysis of the visual materials deeply informs the discussion. The postscript, "The Theater of Insects," draws its title...

CHARACTERISTIC OF SALEH BAY COASTLINE

Indonesia is an archipelagic country with numbers of natural resources including bays. As a closed estuary, bay has a strategic role as one of the ecological resources and environmental services. Saleh Bay is an outstanding bay of West Nusa Tenggara province which is situated between Sumbawa regency and Dompu regency. The study aimed to explain the criteria for the determination of a bay based on UNCLOS and bathymetry system by using Geographic Information System (GIS). The results of the identification indicated that the Ocean Map issued by Dishidros had not entirely referred to the criteria of UNCLOS in determining an area as a bay, in which an indentation is regarded as a bay if its total area is larger than the area of t he semi-circle whose diameter is a line drawn across the mouth of that indentation. Subsequently, spatial analysis found out that the depth of the waters in Saleh Bay can be classified into eleven classes, which are: (1) 0 – 10 meter with area of 294.27 km2, (2) 10 - 20 meter with area of 205.45 km2, (3) 20 - 30 meter with area of 259.45 km2, (4) 30 - 40 meter with area of 146.25 km2, (5) 40 - 50 meter with area of 137,83 km2, (6) 50 - 60 meter with area of 148.19 km2, (7) 75 - 100 meter with area of 57.08 km2, (8) 100 - 150 meter with area of 73.78 km2, (9) 150 - 200 meter with area of 109.46 km2, (10) 200 - 300 meter with area of 533.42 km2 , and(11) >300 meter with area of 134.89 km2.

The Shell Ocean Discovery Xprize Competition Impact on the Development of Ocean Mapping Possibilities

AbstractThe paper presents the impact that the XPRIZE Foundation competition, the Shell Ocean Discovery XPRIZE, has had on the development of current ocean mapping possibilities. A race for the prize has accelerated the development of innovative seabed mapping approaches that concentrated on new systems engineering or cutting-edge and innovative methods of existing equipment exploitation. The GEBCO - Nippon Foundation (NF) Alumni Team’s entry is presented in details as a state of the art example of mature and robust oceanmapping solution utilizing a high degree of autonomy and providing the possibilities of deepocean mapping that were unattainable before.

Transfer function-based 2D/3D interactive spatiotemporal visualizations of mesoscale eddies

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we present a transfer function-based approach to developing an interactive visualization algorithm for ocean mesoscale eddies. Spatiotemporal coherence and viewport coherence are achieved. Evenly spaced streamlines are only integrated for visible portions of the datasets that maintain a relatively stable visual pattern resolution. The interactive transfer function is introduced to extract 2D and 3D eddy features, such as the Okubo-Weiss parameter, from background ocean currents, and a highly efficient GPU-based framework with an output-sensitive performance is utilized. Using the high-resolution 2D/3D ocean current datasets Maps of Sea Level Anomalies (MSLA) and Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM), the feasibility and efficiency of our framework are demonstrated.

Sea Surface Kinematics From Near-Nadir Radar Measurements

Doppler radars at all incidence angles measure mean velocities and spreads that have complex relations to oceanic motions, with opportunities to measure winds, waves, and currents. Here, we extend previous theoretical models of backscatter and Doppler using a Kirchhoff approximation and the physical optics model. We show that in Ka-band, around 12° incidence, range-resolved measurements of Doppler and backscatter provide unambiguous estimations of the wave spectrum and surface current. This property is illustrated with numerical examples and airborne data from the Air Surface Water Ocean Topography instrument. The same measurement conditions can be exploited for global ocean mapping from the low Earth orbit sensor satellite configuration.

Octopuses in wild and domestic relationships

People commonly interact with terrestrial domestic animals, such as dogs and cats, horses, cattle and goats, and birds. Thereby individuals of different species form animal–human bonds. We are now forming relationships with ocean animals in increasingly common ways through growing human populations, advances in technology such as SCUBA, ocean mapping, underwater instrumentation and advances in aquatic animal husbandry. Octopuses and humans share quite distant evolutionary ties and yet share aspects of sensory ability and intelligence. Octopuses thereby pose interesting challenges and conundrums for understanding animal–human relationships. I consider several reasons to expect that the evolution of octopuses, and of animal cognition generally among active and visually sophisticated animals, will favour traits that support relationships between individuals. The evolutionary outcome of animals capable of forming inter-individual relationships may thus be expected in any evolving biota with organisms of this kind. This article explores the ability of ocean and terrestrial animals to relate to one another in ways that are reciprocal, if not equally balanced, and illustrates this with the examples of octopuses.

A Ray-Tracing Uncertainty Estimation Tool for Ocean Mapping

A tool to estimate the ray-tracing component of the surveyed depth uncertainty was created and made publicly available through Web services and a Web geographic information system. The estimation is based on a spatial variability analysis at the time of validity of two popular, global-scope sources of oceanographic environmental data. The tool has potential applications in all the phases of ocean mapping, from survey planning to data collection and processing.

Current State of Deep Ocean Bathymetric Exploration

AbstractThe paper presents current state of bathymetric survey concerning deep ocean rather than shallow areas, which are better surveyed due to safety of navigation concerns. Rules and requirements of the new challenge, called the Shell Ocean Discovery XPRIZE, became a starting point for a discussion about the possibilities of mapping large areas of the ocean using up-to-date and new technology. The amount of bathymetric data available nowadays and the current state of ocean map compilations are also discussed in the paper as a motivation to inspire the new initiatives in the deep ocean.

Multisource multibeam backscatter data: developing a strategy for the production of benthic habitat maps using semi-automated seafloor classification methods

The establishment of multibeam echosounders (MBES) as a mainstream tool in ocean mapping has facilitated integrative approaches towards nautical charting, benthic habitat mapping, and seafloor geotechnical surveys. The bathymetric and backscatter information generated by MBES enables marine scientists to present highly accurate bathymetric data with a spatial resolution closely matching that of terrestrial mapping, and can generate customized thematic seafloor maps to meet multiple ocean management needs. However, when a variety of MBES systems are used, the creation of objective habitat maps can be hindered by the lack of backscatter calibration, due for example, to system-specific settings, yielding relative rather than absolute values. Here, we describe an approach using object-based image analysis to combine 4 non-overlapping and uncalibrated (backscatter) MBES coverages to form a seamless habitat map on St. Anns Bank (Atlantic Canada), a marine protected area hosting a diversity of benthic habitats. The benthoscape map was produced by analysing each coverage independently with supervised classification (k-nearest neighbor) of image-objects based on a common suite of 7 benthoscapes (determined with 4214 ground-truthing photographs at 61 stations, and characterized with backscatter, bathymetry, and bathymetric position index). Manual re-classification based on uncertainty in membership values to individual classes—especially at the boundaries between coverages—was used to build the final benthoscape map. Given the costs and scarcity of MBES surveys in offshore marine ecosystems—particularly in large ecosystems in need of adequate conservation strategies, such as in Canadian waters—developing approaches to synthesize multiple datasets to meet management needs is warranted.

Seafloor features delineate Late Wisconsinan ice stream configurations in eastern Parry Channel, Canadian Arctic Archipelago

Multibeam imagery and 3.5 kHz sub-bottom profiles acquired from CCGS Amundsen between 2003 and 2013 by ArcticNet and the Ocean Mapping Group at the University of New Brunswick provide information on seafloor features, geology, bathymetry and morphology in eastern Parry Channel and the adjoining large channels in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Together these include Peel Sound, Barrow Strait, Lancaster Sound, Wellington Channel, Prince Regent Inlet, Admiralty Inlet and Navy Board Inlet. Those data are in part complemented by high resolution single channel seismic reflection profiles acquired by the Geological Survey of Canada in the 1970s and 1980s and by sediment cores that provide chronological and depositional information.The occurrence and pattern of streamlined mega-scale ridge and groove lineations (MSGLs) indicate that these waterways were occupied by glacial ice streams in the past. Chronological information from marine and adjoining terrestrial areas suggests a long history of glacial events ranging in time from Early Pleistocene to Late Wisconsinan. Seafloor morphology and MSGL trends together with terrestrial ice flow patterns indicate that ice streams flowed into Barrow Strait from Peel Sound and Wellington Channel, and ice streams in Prince Regent, Admiralty and Navy Board inlets flowed northward into and eastward along Lancaster Sound. Recession of the ice stream westward along Parry Channel occurred ∼16 cal ka BP to 10.8 cal ka BP. Thick ice-contact sediments deposited by a late ice advance from Prince Regent Inlet constitute the seabed across a large area of western Lancaster Sound. Timing for that late ice advance appears to be bracketed between the 11.5 cal ka BP lift-off of the eastern Parry ice stream north of Prince Leopold Island and the ∼10.0 cal ka BP deglaciation of Prince Regent Inlet. Seafloor morphology and lineation trends suggest that ice delivered by the ice stream in Peel Sound was the westernmost tributary to the ice stream occupying Lancaster Sound during the late Wisconsinan glaciation. Bathymetric data and MSGLs indicate that the ice stream emanating from M'Clintock Channel flowed westward.

3D ocean map tracks ecosystems in unprecedented detail.

3D ocean map tracks ecosystems in unprecedented detail.

Decadal variations and trends of the global ocean carbon sink

AbstractWe investigate the variations of the ocean CO2 sink during the past three decades using global surface ocean maps of the partial pressure of CO2 reconstructed from observations contained in the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Version 2. To create these maps, we used the neural network‐based data interpolation method of Landschützer et al. (2014) but extended the work in time from 1998 to 2011 to the period from 1982 through 2011. Our results suggest strong decadal variations in the global ocean carbon sink around a long‐term increase that corresponds roughly to that expected from the rise in atmospheric CO2. The sink is estimated to have weakened during the 1990s toward a minimum uptake of only −0.8 ± 0.5 Pg C yr−1 in 2000 and thereafter to have strengthened considerably to rates of more than −2.0 ± 0.5 Pg C yr−1. These decadal variations originate mostly from the extratropical oceans, while the tropical regions contribute primarily to interannual variations. Changes in sea surface temperature affecting the solubility of CO2 explain part of these variations, particularly at subtropical latitudes. But most of the higher‐latitude changes are attributed to modifications in the surface concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon and alkalinity, induced by decadal variations in atmospheric forcing, with patterns that are reminiscent of those of the Northern and Southern Annular Modes. These decadal variations lead to a substantially smaller cumulative anthropogenic CO2 uptake of the ocean over the 1982 through 2011 period (reduction of 7.5 ± 5.5 Pg C) relative to that derived by the Global Carbon Budget.

Mapping Ocean Currents Through Human Observations: Insights from Hilo Bay, Hawai'i

Complex systems, such as ocean currents, occur at multiple temporal and physical scales require simultaneous analysis across a range of geographic scales. Presently, there are few available nearshore current maps or models accessible to managers or the public in Hawai'i despite the fact that predicting nearshore currents and processes is important for understanding many other social-ecological interactions. Maps of coastal ocean currents are difficult to create because of constant change and the limited availability of nearshore data. Maps are symbols of our collective knowledge frameworks, representing various geographic areas and features that humans utilize. Our objectives were to understand human observations of nearshore ocean currents and the ability of ocean observers to communicate this knowledge. In Hilo Bay, Hawai'i, we asked 30 experienced ocean users, based on their natural observations, to create ocean current maps that share their knowledge of the seascape, and important processes that define each area. We then compared the scale of human observations of the seascapes with automated coastal observatories. We find that ocean observers were able to communicate their knowledge regarding ocean currents on maps at multiple spatial scales, and particularly commented spatially at a 1:5000 map scale. Understanding differences and similarities between the human observation scale and the in-situ mechanical observatories enable a more complete understanding of small-scale oceanic environments.

A New Method Comparing Snowmelt Timing with Annual Area Burned

The interactions between climate and wildland fire are complex. To better understand these interactions, we used ArcMap 10.2.2 to examine the relationships between early spring snowmelt and total annual area burned within a defined region of the Rocky Mountains of the western United States. Our research methods used Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS) fire perimeter data and weekly snow extent provided by the Rutgers Global Snow Lab analysis of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) daily snow maps. Our results indicated a significant correlation between early spring snowmelt and total annual area burned (P = 0.0497), providing further evidence that snowmelt timing may be a driving factor for wildland fires. This project builds on the findings of previous studies and provides a novel method for making general predictions about the upcoming fire season months in advance, using freely available remotely sensed data in real time. Further research should apply our model to a broader geographic area, and incorporate higher resolution snowmelt timing data.

Research on strategy marine noise map based on i4ocean platform: Constructing flow and key approach

Noise level in a marine environment has raised extensive concern in the scientific community. The research is carried out on i4Ocean platform following the process of ocean noise model integrating, noise data extracting, processing, visualizing, and interpreting, ocean noise map constructing and publishing. For the convenience of numerical computation, based on the characteristics of ocean noise field, a hybrid model related to spatial locations is suggested in the propagation model. The normal mode method K/I model is used for far field and ray method CANARY model is used for near field. Visualizing marine ambient noise data is critical to understanding and predicting marine noise for relevant decision making. Marine noise map can be constructed on virtual ocean scene. The systematic marine noise visualization framework includes preprocessing, coordinate transformation interpolation, and rendering. The simulation of ocean noise depends on realistic surface. Then the dynamic water simulation gird was improved with GPU fusion to achieve seamless combination with the visualization result of ocean noise. At the same time, the profile and spherical visualization include space, and time dimensionality were also provided for the vertical field characteristics of ocean ambient noise. Finally, marine noise map can be published with grid pre-processing and multistage cache technology to better serve the public.

Chatham Fan and adjacent upper Baranof Fan channels and levee, US Gulf of Alaska margin

The Chatham Fan (Fig. 1b, c), a relatively small submarine fan, was mapped as part of the University of New Hampshire's Center for Coastal & Ocean Mapping effort to collect multibeam-bathymetric and backscatter data in support of the US Extended Continental Shelf (United Nations Law of the Sea Convention) project (Gardner & Mayer 2005). It has buried a portion of the head of the much larger Baranof Fan (Stevenson & Embley 1987; von Huene 1989; LeVoir et al. 2011) on the US Gulf of Alaska continental margin. Chatham Fan also either buried the upper reaches of Horizon Channel or diverted it northwestwards. The existing levee of upper Horizon Channel was subsequently incised by a well-developed meandering channel that trends along the strike of the levee, not down the steeper lee side of the levee slope. The meandering levee channel is related indirectly to processes that were contemporaneous with the deposition of Chatham Fan. Fig. 1. Multibeam-bathymetric and backscatter imagery, and a CHIRP sub-bottom profile of the Chatham and upper Baranof fans, Gulf of Alaska. ( a ) Location of the study area (red box; map from GEBCO_08). The …

Advances Needed to Untether AUVs From Support Vessels

Autonomous Underwater Vehicles For years, the oil and gas industry has used autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) for simple tasks such as underwater surveys and inspection. However, because of their technical limitations, AUVs have not been able to compete with remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), which are already standard equipment for most offshore projects. While the market for AUVs remains modest, they are being used in deepwater oil and gas plays around the world. “AUVs are not a commodity yet, but they are getting there,” said Richard Mills, AUV sales manager at Kongsberg Maritime. He added that one Kongsberg customer has a long-term AUV contract with Petrobras for the use of two vehicles offshore Brazil. High-resolution Large-area seabed surveys are the oil and gas industry’s primary use for AUVs today, said Mills. Although shiptowed sonar arrays have been used for decades in ocean floor mapping, the sensors cannot reach the absolute bottom in many cases. On the other hand, AUVs can glide just a few meters above the ocean floor to create higher-quality images of the seabed and subsurface. Despite some unique advantages, the power, communications, and launch-and-recovery systems of AUVs will need improvements in order to make the leap from rig jewelry to a trusted tool. Extended Missions To fully take advantage of an AUV’s tetherless capabilities, users must be able to operate the vehicle for longer periods of time before needing to bring it to the surface for recharging or recovery. Without advances in this area, the nagging question will be, “Why not use an ROV instead?” Liquid Robotics’ Wave Glider is an extreme example of AUV endurance. Able to harness energy from the movement of water and from a floating solar panel on the surface, Wave Gliders can travel for months without human intervention. They have even crossed oceans by themselves. But these vehicles travel very slowly and do not operate more than 100 ft below the surface. Propeller-driven AUVs, the main class used for oil and gas operations, have more power-intensive propulsion methods and tend to be much heavier than gliders. The most common power sources for light workclass vehicles, such as Kongsberg’s torpedo-shaped Hugin line, are rechargeable lithium ion batteries. Each year, new variations of lithium- based batteries are developed and tested, each with slightly better chemistry, but so far, they have offered only incremental improvements. Daniel Gomez-Ibanez, an engineer at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), said that most propeller-driven AUVs have functional battery lives of 1 to 2 days, even though the total battery life of some are listed as long as 60 hours.

Cooperative Navigation in a Team of Marine Robots for a Specific Ocean Mapping Mission

Abstract The estimation of position and orientation of underwater agents is the basis for control, guidance and mapping tasks. We present a solution for a team of submerged marine agents for a specific scenario. The concept takes advantage of the distribution of the single agents, with one of them at the surface to access GPS measurements. The submerged units use data from a USBL unit, local sensors, and acoustic communication and employ a set of filters to perform relative navigation. We will describe the concept and show results of HIL simulation as precondition for upcoming sea trials.

INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY OF SURFACE OCEAN WATERS TEMPERATURE AND SOLAR ACTIVITY VARIATIONS (FOR EXAMPLE THE PACIFIC OCEAN)

On the example of Pacific shows, that statistically significant factor of interannual variations of monthly surface temperature of ocean regions water, where, during the 1973-2012 y., was upwelling, are fragments of variations in solar activity history, which are ahead of them in 200-210 years. Studied seasonal changes in locations of the Pacific, for which there is a significant negative correlation between the corresponding fragments of time series of the processes involved. Identified the fragments of Wolf number series, which are statistically significantly associated with interannual changes in surface temperature maximum number of areas of ocean current in a given month. The Oceanic maps of distribution of real connections of surface water temperature with «Wolf-number» within the Pacific aquatory were constructed during our research. For these fragments, positions oceanic regions in which said communication is statistically significant. Demonstrated the presence of statistical stability identified links to variations years beginning fragments of time series processes studies. Therefore, they should be considered when developing super long forecasts variability states of the Ocean and Climate. In the article hypothesis by Kholoptsev was suggested about clear correlation between temperature of the oceanic waters and solar activity for the aquathory regions of upwellings.