Occurrence Of Suicide Research Articles

Cumulative Interpersonal Risk, Non-Suicidal Self-Injury, and Suicide Attempts in Early Adolescence: Between-Person Differences and within-Person Effects.

Poor interpersonal relationships are one of the risk factors for non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal behaviors among adolescents. Previous studies have mostly focused on a single interpersonal perspective, and it remains uncertain how the cumulative interpersonal risk across time and domains interacts with NSSI and suicide. The current study employed cross-lagged panel models (CLPM) and random intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPM) to investigate the interaction among cumulative interpersonal risk, NSSI, and suicide attempts at both the between-person and within-person levels, while examining sex differences in these relationships. A total of 1038 Chinese adolescents (47.0% girls; baseline Mage = 12.35 years, SD = 0.52) participated in a four-wave longitudinal survey with 6-months intervals. The results showed that at the between-person level, there were reciprocal predictive relationships between cumulative interpersonal risk, NSSI and suicide attempts. At the within-person level, changes in NSSI affected changes in cumulative interpersonal risk, and suicide attempts exhibited a reciprocal relationship with cumulative interpersonal risk and NSSI, with significant sex differences observed. These findings underscore the stable and trait-like associations between cumulative interpersonal risk, NSSI and suicide attempts. Given these findings, to reduce the occurrence of suicide among adolescents, it is essential to target interventions aimed tat enhancing their interpersonal adaptability.

Prediction of the mechanism of suicide among Minnesota residents using data from the Minnesota violent death reporting system (MNVDRS)

BackgroundSuicide remains a major public health problem, and firearms are used in approximately half of all such incidents. This study sought to predict the occurrence of suicide specifically by firearm,...

Prevalence and Predictors of Suicidal Ideation among Adolescents

Suicides among young people continue to be a serious problem. Suicide is the second leading cause of death for children, adolescents, and young adults. The objectives of the present study were to assess the prevalence and predictors of suicidal ideation among adolescents; associate suicidal ideation among adolescents with selected socio-demographic variables and predictors. Quantitative research approach and descriptive research design was adopted for the study. The study was conducted among 250 adolescents selected through purposive sampling technique from selected Colleges, Thrissur. The tool consisted of a semi structured questionnaire to assess the socio-demographic data, Columbia Suicidal Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) screen version to assess the prevalence of suicidal ideation and a structured questionnaire to assess the predictors of suicidal ideation among adolescents. Reliability and validity of the tools were established. Data were collected, tabulated and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings of the study revealed that the prevalence rate of suicidal ideation among adolescents is 28%. The predictors such as lack of teachers support (91.4%), social media abuse (74.3%), loneliness and hopeless (72.9%) are found in most of the adolescents. A statistically significant association was found between education of father (p=0.04) and education of mother (p=0.04) with suicidal ideation among adolescents at p<0.05. The predictors such as family history of suicide (p=0.00), helplessness (p=0.04) and lack of parental support (p=0.01) have a statistically significant association with suicidal ideation among adolescents. The study concluded that the prevalence rate of suicidal ideation among adolescents is significant. The early identification of the predictors can prevent the actual occurrence of suicide among adolescents.

The last jump: epidemiology of suicides at the Tour Eiffel (Paris) between 1950 and 1989.

The Eiffel Tower (Paris, France) has been attracting many candidates for suicide over the years. The aim of this study was to determine the patterns of people who committed suicide by jumping. Permission to access the unpublished records of the Paris Police Prefecture made it possible to compile press articles related to suicides from April 1950 to March 1989. 155 articles corresponding to 79 cases were kept for analysis. There were significantly more males (66%), as compared with an expected theoretical distribution of 1/2 for each sex (p = 0.002). Median age was 38.0years old. Suicide peak was reached during the months of August and October (13% for each), while February was poor in suicides (3%). Tuesdays and Saturdays were the more impacted days. Hourly suicide rates were 8% (morning), 11% (noon), 7% (afternoon), and 5% (evening-night). Moon phases did not correlate with suicide occurrence. The main context described was that of a psychiatric pathology (49%). Death occurred in 92% of the reported cases. Sex ratio, ages, decrease during the cold season, no association with moon phases, and underlying psychiatric pathologies were consistent with trends for either all-cause suicides or suicide jumps from a platform. Conversely, unusual trough in suicides on Mondays and noon peak in suicide rate have been, respectively, attributed to small sample size and closure at night. As jumping corresponds to both ease and proximity, we believe the implementation of protective measures in the early 1960s succeeded in reducing the number of suicides overall.

Mapping and Analysing Suicide Locations of Lalitpur, Nepal

This research utilizes geospatial and statistical analysis to examine spatial patterns in suicide occurrences within the Lalitpur district of Nepal. The dataset comprises suicide locations collected from the Lalitpur Police Range (LPR) over a period of six fiscal years spanning from 2074/75 to 2078/79 (2017 AD to 2023 AD). Textual data undergo preprocessing and geocoding processes to derive locations for spatial analysis. The methodology employs Local Moran's I to identify spatial patterns and Getis Ord Gi* to identify hotspots and coldspots of suicide incidents. Due to location approximations, spatial analyses are conducted at aggregated levels, including administrative units (wards level) and 1km x 1km grids. The study reports the identified hotspots and coldspots based on these analyses.

Economic factors mediate the impact of drought on farmer suicides in India

The occurrence of farmer suicides has come to symbolize what is likely widespread and deep, but often hidden, agrarian distress. While this tragic phenomena has attracted tremendous attention in public discourse, its primary drivers remain poorly understood. In particular, climatic stress is often considered to be one such driver, but the mechanisms through which it triggers suicide remain disputed. Here, we provide evidence that factors related to agricultural income mediate the impact of climatic variability on farmer suicides in India. An analysis of temporal variation in suicide occurrence reveals that droughts, which impact farmers’ incomes, increase male farmer suicides by 19%, but have much smaller and insignificant impacts on other occupational or demographic groups. Moreover, whereas suicides by non-farmers are evenly distributed throughout the year, farmer suicides are concentrated during the agricultural season. These results help shed light on the mechanisms driving some of the most extreme and drastic social impacts of climatic variability and change.

Community-Based Development of Community Religious Behavior Through the Tegging Tourism Object of Suban District Rejang Lebong

The religious behavior of some young people often gets attention from society, such as the occurrence of brawls, leaving prayers, promiscuity, suicide and other negative behaviors. This service aims to find out: coaching, materials, constraints and follow-up community-based religious behavior development through Suban Cliff Tour, Rejang Lebong Regency. The subjects and objects of guidance in this activity are the community, namely several PAI Study Program students who are members of YBM BRI STAIN Curup. This service uses a model of counseling and mentoring with lectures, discussions and halaqa methods. Data in this service is taken based on the results of the service in the form of observations and interviews. Results of dedication: first, the formation of religious behavior through several stages. Second, the material of guidance includes the material of creed, worship and morals. Third, the obstacles encountered are financing, time and student assignments, the fourth follow-up of this activity is to provide independent tasks to assisted participants and related to the ability to read the Quran, there must be significant efforts from participants. Conclusion; This service is carried out in the form of fostering the religious behavior of the younger generation who are members of the YBMI BRI STAIN Curup community. Guidance in the form of assistance and counseling to fostered objects related to religious material which includes creed, worship and morals.

Sex-related inequalities in crude and age-standardized suicide rates: trends in Ghana from 2000 to 2019

BackgroundSuicide represents a major public health concern, affecting a significant portion of individuals. However, there remains a gap in understanding the age and sex disparities in the occurrence of suicide. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the sex-related inequalities in suicide rates in Ghana from 2000 to 2019.MethodsWe utilized data from the WHO Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (HEAT) online software. We analysed sex differences in both crude and age-standardized suicide rates in Ghana spanning from 2000 to 2019. Crude and age-adjusted suicide rates were calculated based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) definition and coding of suicide mortality. We measured inequality in terms of sex. Two inequality indicators were used to examine the suicide rates: the difference (D) and the ratio (R).ResultsAge-standardized and crude suicide rates in Ghana were higher among men from 2000 to 2019. Between 2000 and 2007, the age-standardized suicide rate for women rose steadily and declined slightly between 2008 and 2019. Age-standardized suicide rates for men increased consistently from 2000 to 2010, then declined steadily from 2011 to 2019. The crude suicide rates among men and women followed similar patterns. The widest absolute inequality in crude suicide rates (D) was recorded in 2013 (D=-11.91), while the smallest difference was observed in 2000 (D=-7.16). We also found the greatest disparity in age-standardized rates in 2011 (D=-21.46) and the least in 2000 (D=-14.32). The crude suicide rates increased with age for both men and women aged 15–54 years and 55–85+ years respectively. However, the increased rate was higher in men than in women across all age groups surveyed. A similar pattern was observed for relative inequality in both crude and age-standardized rates of suicide.ConclusionThe suicide rate in Ghana has declined over time. Suicide is more common among older men. Inequalities in suicide rates, in both absolute and relative terms, are similar. There is a need to monitor suicide trends in Ghana, especially among older men. Moreover, the findings could serve as a basis for future studies on suicide in Ghana.

SUICIDES IN MINAS GERAIS: Association of genders and education

Objective: to describe the scenario of deaths by suicide in Minas Gerais, 2020 - 2021. It also evaluates a 10-year series. Methods: Information was obtained from databases using TabWin/Tabnet – DATASUS. Results: The results showed a correlation between unemployment and the aging of the population in the occurrence of suicides. An odds ratio of 2.75 male deaths for each female was obtained. A strong correlation was observed between years of study and the increase in proportional mortality from suicides, with a greater correlation for the female population. Conclusion: It was possible to obtain data and analyzes that can support the planning of suicide prevention actions in Minas Gerais.

Occurrence and predictors of lifetime suicidality and suicidal ideation in autistic adults.

Over the past few years, more and more research is showing that many autistic people are at an increased risk for suicide. In this study, we asked participants from the Netherlands Autism Register, which is longitudinal register including individuals with autism, about their possible experiences with thoughts and feelings about suicide. Specifically, we looked at whether these thoughts and feelings in their lifetime and in the past month were related to various factors (such as their age, gender, and having psychiatric disorder diagnoses). We found that 80% of the participants had experienced thoughts about or even attempted to take their own life at least once throughout their lifetime. Furthermore, in a subgroup of participants, we found that the presence of a psychiatric disorder diagnosis, feelings of loneliness, and a higher number of autistic traits were associated with experiencing suicidal thoughts and feelings in their lifetime. For those who experienced these suicidal thoughts in the past month, we found that having (multiple) psychiatric disorder diagnoses and a higher number of autistic traits were related to more severe and frequent thoughts about suicide in the past month. Our findings show that additional factors in autistic individuals should be considered when assessing the suicide risk, and it brings us one step closer to understanding why suicide is more common for autistic people.

Follow-Up Timing After Discharge and Suicide Risk Among Patients Hospitalized With Psychiatric Illness

Although early outpatient follow-up after psychiatric inpatient discharge may prevent suicide, the association between early follow-up care and a reduced risk of suicide after discharge has not been fully explored. To investigate outpatient follow-up care after psychiatric inpatient discharge and determine whether the timing of the first outpatient follow-up is associated with a reduced risk of suicide. This population-based, retrospective cohort study used the National Health Claim Database from 2017 to 2018 in Korea. Patients were observed until December 31, 2021, to confirm the occurrence of suicide. The study population included all patients aged 18 years or older who were newly admitted to hospitals with psychiatric illness except for dementia from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2018. Statistical analysis was performed from January to May 2023. The timing of the first mental health outpatient care follow-up within 30 days after discharge. The outcome of interest was suicide after hospital discharge. The timing of the first follow-up visit was observed within 30 days after discharge. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to explore the association between the risk of suicide and the timing of outpatient follow-up. Of the 76 462 patients admitted to hospitals from 2017 to 2018, 225 (52.6%) were male; 21 313 (27.9%) had a primary diagnosis of substance use disorder, 17 608 (23.0%) had schizophrenia, and 15 018 (19.6) had depression; mean (SD) age was 46.4 (16.3) years. A total of 49 319 patients (64.5%) received follow-up outpatient care within 30 days of discharge. The mean (SD) follow-up period was 30.8 (20.2) months, and 1536 patients died of suicide during the study period. The hazard ratio for suicide risk in patients who received outpatient care within 7 days compared with those who did not receive any care within 30 days after discharge was 0.82 (95% CI, 0.80-0.83). The earlier the time of outpatient follow-up care, the lower the risk of suicide for those with substance use disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression. In this cohort study of patients with psychiatric illness, early follow-up outpatient care after discharge was associated with a lower risk of suicide. These results suggest that those at high risk of suicide during hospitalization need intensive follow-up immediately after discharge.

Factors associated with suicidal attempts in female patients with mood disorder.

This study aims to establish a nomogram model to predict the relevance of SA in Chinese female patients with mood disorder (MD). The study included 396 female participants who were diagnosed with MD Diagnostic Group (F30-F39) according to the 10th Edition of Disease and Related Health Problems (ICD-10). Assessing the differences of demographic information and clinical characteristics between the two groups. LASSO Logistic Regression Analyses was used to identify the risk factors of SA. A nomogram was further used to construct a prediction model. Bootstrap re-sampling was used to internally validate the final model. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and C-index was also used to evaluate the accuracy of the prediction model. LASSO regression analysis showed that five factors led to the occurrence of suicidality, including BMI (β = -0.02, SE = 0.02), social dysfunction (β = 1.72, SE = 0.24), time interval between first onset and first dose (β = 0.03, SE = 0.01), polarity at onset (β = -1.13, SE = 0.25), and times of hospitalization (β = -0.11, SE = 0.06). We assessed the ability of the nomogram model to recognize suicidality, with good results (AUC = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.71-0.80). Indicating that the nomogram had a good consistency (C-index: 0.756, 95% CI: 0.750-0.758). The C-index of bootstrap resampling with 100 replicates for internal validation was 0.740, which further demonstrated the excellent calibration of predicted and observed risks. Five factors, namely BMI, social dysfunction, time interval between first onset and first dose, polarity at onset, and times of hospitalization, were found to be significantly associated with the development of suicidality in patients with MD. By incorporating these factors into a nomogram model, we can accurately predict the risk of suicide in MD patients. It is crucial to closely monitor clinical factors from the beginning and throughout the course of MD in order to prevent suicide attempts.

Features of fatal pesticide ingestion in South Australia.

Pesticides are used to kill, repel or control any animal or plant species which are considered pests, but have also been associated with intentional and unintentional human fatalities. A rapid increase in pesticide suicides was observed during 'The Green Revolution' after pesticides were introduced into low- and middle-income rural households without appropriate guidelines for safe use and storage. While national pesticide bans have contributed to a significant decrease in pesticide-related suicides, such cases still comprise a large proportion of all suicides around the world. The aim of the current study was to provide a profile of pesticide suicides in a high-income country as a point of comparison against studies from low- and middle-income countries. Statistical analyses were performed using R (version 4.2.3). Over the 20-year study period, there were a low, yet consistent number of pesticide suicides which were most common among males over the age of 40. Paraquat and methomyl pesticides collectively contributed to almost half (48.8%) of all fatalities. Consistent with the literature, such cases often occurred with little premeditation in response to an acute emotional crisis. While interpretation of autopsy findings was mostly limited, there were some pesticides that demonstrated findings consisted with previously reported characteristics (e.g., gastroesophageal erosions with paraquat). Given the high proportion of cases where paraquat and methomyl pesticides were implicated, it may be appropriate to review the availability and accessibility of such compounds to reduce the occurrence of pesticide suicides in South Australia and potentially the wider Australian population.

Folate and Its Significance in Depressive Disorders and Suicidality: A Comprehensive Narrative Review.

Depressive disorders pose significant challenges to global public health, necessitating effective prevention and management strategies. Notably, the occurrence of suicide frequently coincides with depressive episodes. Suicide is as a paramount global health concern that demands efficacious preventive strategies. Current psychiatric approaches heavily rely on pharmacological interventions but have had limited success in addressing the global burden of mental health issues. Suboptimal nutrition, with its impact on the neuroendocrine system, has been implicated in the underlying pathology of depressive disorders. Folate, a group of water-soluble compounds, plays a crucial role in various central nervous system functions. Depressed individuals often exhibit low levels of serum and red blood cell folate. Multiple studies and systematic reviews have investigated the efficacy of folic acid and its derivative, L-methylfolate, which can cross the blood-brain barrier, as stand-alone or adjunct therapies for depression. Although findings have been mixed, the available evidence generally supports the use of these compounds in depressed individuals. Recent studies have established links between the one-carbon cycle, folate-homocysteine balance, immune system function, glutamate excitation via NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptors, and gut microbiome eubiosis in mood regulation. These findings provide insights into the complex neurobiological mechanisms underlying the effects of folate and related compounds in depression. Through a comprehensive review of the existing literature, this study aims to advance our understanding of the therapeutic potential of folic acid and related compounds in depression treatment. It also seeks to explore their role in addressing suicidal tendencies and shed light on the neurobiological mechanisms involved, leveraging the latest discoveries in depression research.

A Study on the Design and Pricing of Adolescent Mental Health Insurance Products Based on Adjusted Rates

In recent years, with the frequent occurrence of adolescent suicide, the topic of adolescent mental health has attracted special attention. The insurance products against this risk need to be studied. In this paper, based on an investigation of students and parents in five junior and senior high schools in Shandong Province, we design the adolescent mental health insurance product that meets the market demand and design additional insurance to protect against the risk induced by sudden accidents. The premium pricing system based on mental health status (MHSBI) is constructed with adjusted rates. The total premiums are in line with the applicants’ willingness to pay. This paper improves the deficiencies of insurance research about adolescent mental health, and provides theoretical support for the introduction of such insurance products.

Co-occurrence of Aggression and Suicide Attempt Among Young People and Related Factors: Findings from Iranian Youth Cohort Study in Ravansar.

Aggression and suicide attempt are behaviors that affect public health. To better understand the nature of these behaviors, the present study was conducted to investigate the concurrence of suicide attempt and aggression in young people. This study sought to identify those factors which contribute to the co-occurrence of suicide attempt and aggression in young people. The present study was part of the recruitment phase of Ravansar youth cohort study (a branch of the PERSIAN Cohort) with a sample of 2991 people from Ravansar in western Iran. Registration and data collection were done between October 2014 and January 2017. Data were collected using structured interviews and standard questionnaires, and analyzed using multi-nominal logistic regression analysis. The results showed that the variables of age and education were significant correlates of concurrence of suicide attempt and aggression. Also, among the mental disorders, only major depressive disorder (MDD) (OR=8.34, P=0.001) predicted the concurrence of suicide attempt and aggression in the past 12 month. In contrast, the variables of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), dysthymia, and substance use disorder were not significant in predicting the concurrence of attempted suicide and aggression. The occurrence of aggression and suicide in young people is a complex phenomenon, and more research should be done to better understand this phenomenon.

The Role of COVID-19-Associated Fear, Stress and Level of Social Support in Development of Suicidality in Patients Diagnosed with Affective and Stress-Induced Psychiatric Disorders during the COVID-19 Pandemic-A Comparative Analysis.

Only a few studies seem to address suicidality as an effect of the COVID-19 pandemic in persons previously affected by psychiatric disorders. The relationship between fear and stress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the level of social support and suicidality in patients diagnosed with affective and stress-induced psychiatric disorders prior to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic were investigated. This study was observational and involved 100 participants. The examined period was from April 2020 to April 2022. The Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), the Oslo Social Support Scale 3 (OSSS-3) and general psychiatric interviews were used to obtain data. A statistically significant relationship between the impact of COVID-19-related distress on the occurrence of suicidality and the year of the pandemic χ2(2, N = 100) = 8.347, p = 0.015 was observed. No statistically significant correlation was found between suicidal behavior, stress intensity, fear and the score on the social support scale (p > 0.05). Fear related to the COVID-19 pandemic can only be seen as a contributor to suicidality. Overall, social support does not always act protectively. Previously stressful experiences such as wars, poverty and natural disasters seem to play a significant role in the resilience to each new public health crisis.

The Relationship Between Chronic Pain, Depression, Psychosocial Factors, and Suicidality in Adolescents.

The objective of this study was to determine if depressive symptoms, peer victimization, and lack of fear of pain predict suicidality in adolescents with chronic pain. It was hypothesized that higher levels of depressive symptoms and peer victimization, and lower levels of fear of pain, would predict higher lifetime prevalence of suicidality. Participants consisted of 184 youth with primary chronic pain conditions (10-18y, M=14.27y). Measures included diagnostic clinical interviews assessing suicidality and self-report questionnaires assessing depressive symptoms, peer victimization, and fear of pain. Forty-two (22.8%) participants reported suicidality. Regression analyses demonstrated that the occurrence of suicidality was associated with higher rates of depressive symptoms (β=1.03, P=0.020, 95% CI [1.01, 1.06]) and peer victimization (β=2.23, P<0.05, 95% CI [1.07, 4.63]), though there was no association between lower fear of pain and suicidality. These results suggest that depressive symptoms and peer victimization are significant predictors of suicidality in adolescents with chronic pain; however, lower fear of pain was not shown to be a significant predictor. Given these findings, depression and peer victimization should be further explored and considered in the design and implementation of prevention and early intervention strategies that target chronic pain and suicidality in youth.

Police-led real-time surveillance system for suspected suicides in Great Britain

It has become increasingly apparent that rapidly available information about the occurrence of suicides is needed, particularly to support suicide prevention efforts. Concerns about the potential impact of the COVID-19...

Suicide rates among patients with first and second primary cancer.

With advancements in cancer treatments, the survival rates of patients with their first primary cancer (FPC) have increased, resulting in a rise in the number of patients with second primary cancer (SPC). However, there has been no assessment on the incidence of suicide among patients with SPC. This study assessed the occurrence of suicide among patients with SPC and compared them with that in patients with FPC. This was a retrospective, population-based cohort study that followed patients with FPC and SPC diagnosed from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 17 registries database between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2019. For patients with SPC, an age of 85+years at diagnosis was associated with a higher incidence of suicide death (HR, 1.727; 95% CI, 1.075-2.774), while the suicide death was not considerably different in the chemotherapy group (P>0.05). Female genital system cancers (HR, 3.042; 95% CI, 1.819-6.361) accounted for the highest suicide death among patients with SPC. The suicide death distribution of patients with SPC over time indicated that suicide events mainly occurred within 5 to 15years of diagnosis. Compared with patients with FPC, patients with SPC in general had a lower risk of suicide, but increased year by year. The risk of suicide was reduced in patients with SPC compared with patients with FPC, but increased year by year. Therefore, oncologists and related health professionals need to provide continuous psychological support to reduce the incidence of suicide. The highest suicide death was found among patients with female genital system cancer.