Occurrence Of Stunting Research Articles

The incidence of stunting based on gender in Indonesia: A literature review

Background: Stunting is a chronic malnutrition issue caused by insufficient nutritional intake over a prolonged period, resulting in growth disturbances in children, such as a height that is shorter than the standard for their age. Stunting is always preceded by weight faltering, which refers to inadequate weight gain when compared to the standard weight gain for age and sex. Other factors associated with the occurrence of stunting include exclusive breastfeeding, the age at which complementary feeding (MP-ASI) is introduced, the child’s age, parenting practices, and gender. One study indicates that in Indonesia, boys are at a much higher risk of stunting than girls. Another study states that it is difficult to draw conclusions about whether girls or boys are more at risk of stunting, as the prevalence of stunting is equally high in both genders. This difference in opinions is what led the author to be interested in conducting this research. Objective: The aim of this study is to understand why gender is associated with the occurrence of stunting. Method: The results of this literature review are based on observations from various journals that meet the inclusion criteria. Conclusion: Based on the results observed, it was concluded that boys are more likely to experience stunting than girls.

Exploring the determinants of malnutrition in 2–5 year Iranian children using structural equation modeling: national food and nutrition surveillance

BackgroundChildhood malnutrition remains a critical public health challenge in low- and middle-income countries, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality among children aged 2–5 years. This study was undertaken to assess the nutritional status of 2–5 y children and to explore the main determinants of child malnutrition in eight food insecure provinces of Iran.MethodsIn each province, participants were invited to attend the health house/center to complete the questionnaire on the pre-appointed day. In this study, an android application comprising electronic questionnaires was employed for data collection. Anthropometric, dietary, food security and socioeconomic status (SES) assessments were performed. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was done to assess the structural relationship of malnutrition indicators (z-score of height to age (HAZ), z-score of weight to age (WAZ) and z-score of weight to height (WHZ)) with other variables.ResultsOverall, 2247 children aged 42.2 ± 0.3 months were enrolled in the study, of whom 1048 (46.6%) were female and 1438 (64%) were urban residents. Based on Z score criteria, 216 (10.1%) of the studied children had less than − 2SD HAZ, 193 (8.4%) had lower than − 2SD WHZ and 188 (8.1%) had lower than − 2SD WAZ. The prevalence rates of stunting, wasting and underweight were not significantly different between boys and girls. Nevertheless, the occurrence of stunting was significantly higher in children residing in rural than in urban areas (p = 0.025). SEM analysis revealed that higher SES had a positive relationship with HAZ (0.089), WAZ (0.163) and WHZ (0.109). The effect of SES was greatest on WAZ, indicated by the highest absolute value of a path coefficient. There were specific indirect effects of father’s education on HAZ (0.032, p = 0.001), WHZ (0.045, < 0.001) and WAZ (0.061, < 0.001) through effect on SES and DDS. SES had a direct effect on DDS (0.202).ConclusionsOur findings using SEM approach provided more concrete evidence for the effect of the household’s SES on child’s nutritional status. Nevertheless, we still need to monitor the studied population in the context of our surveillance program to document more conclusive causal associations.

The Relationship Between Drinking Water Treatment and Clean Water Sources on The Incidence of Stunting

Stunting, a growth failure in children under five caused by chronic malnutrition, continues to be a major health issue in Indonesia, especially in Banjar Regency, where prevalence rates have varied between 26.4% and 40.2% from 2021 to 2023. This study sought to examine the correlation between drinking water treatment, clean water sources, and the prevalence of stunting in Banjar Regency. The study employed an analytical observational methodology, sampling 110 children aged 0-59 months in the Astambul District by simple random sampling, and gathered data using questionnaires and observation sheets. Key findings indicated a notable association between clean water treatment and the frequency of stunting, however no significant relationship was seen between clean water sources and the occurrence of stunting. These findings underscore the essential need of water treatment methods in preventing stunting, indicating that the availability of clean water sources alone may be inadequate. The study finds that integrated strategies targeting both water quality and nutritional aspects are crucial for effectively tackling stunting in the region, highlighting the necessity for focused interventions in water treatment in conjunction with nutritional programs.

The Relationship between Personal Hygiene, Maternal Health Status, and History of Diarrhea to Stunting Cases in Indonesia: Systematic Review

Background: The government established a goal of a prevalence rate of 14% by the end of 2024 because the number of stunting cases in Indonesia is still high, at 21.6%. This review aims to provide the factors such as personal hygiene, maternal health status, and diarrhea that cause stunting and recommendations for more effective health policies to prevent stunting in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to examine the connection between personal hygiene, maternal health status, and a history of diarrhea with the occurrence of stunting in Indonesia.. Method: This study uses a systematic review method on observational studies with a case control and cross-sectional research design conducted in Indonesia published between 2019 and 2024. Databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar are used to search for eligible articles. The quality of the publication was then assessed using The JBI (Joanna Briggs Institute) Critical Appraisal Tools. Result: A total of 210 articles were taken from the database, and 17 research articles were included in this study. In the article studied, the factors that are most often associated with stunting are personal hygiene practices (behavior of washing hands with soap), maternal weight, maternal height, and infectious diseases such as diarrhea related to stunting. Conclusion: A study of 17 articles showed that personal hygiene, maternal health status during pregnancy, and history of diarrhea contributed significantly to the incidence of stunting in Indonesia. Poor personal hygiene and diarrheal infections can worsen children's nutritional status, increase the risk of infection, and inhibit optimal growth and development. These factors are an important component in efforts to prevent stunting through improving hygiene, maternal health, and infection management.

The Influence of Household and Family Factors, Inadequate Complementary Feeding, Breastfeeding, and Infections on the Occurrence of Stunting in Toddlers

The Influence of Household and Family Factors, Inadequate Complementary Feeding, Breastfeeding, and Infections on the Occurrence of Stunting in Toddlers

Early Marriage Culture and the Occurrence of Stunting in Toddlers in the Coastal Area of Sumenep Regency in 2024

Wedding early still become phenomenon general social​ occurs in various regions in Indonesia , including districts Sumenep . Practice This Can impact big on health Mother And children , especially in matter nutrition And growth child . Stunting, or condition Where tall body child more low from standard age they consequence lack nutrition chronic , is Wrong One problem health main thing that can be done arise from wedding early. Study This aim For analyze connection between culture wedding early And stunting incidents in toddlers in the area coast Regency Sumenep on 2024. Methodology : Study This use design studies cross-sectional with approach quantitative . Sample study consists from mothers who married below​ 18 years old And own toddler aged 0-5 years in the area coast Regency Sumenep . Data collection via questionnaire And measurement anthropometry toddler . Data analysis was carried out with use test chi-square For determine connection between variable wedding early And stunting incident . Results study show that there is significant relationship​ between wedding early And stunting incidents in toddler . Mother who married below​ 18 years old own risk more tall For own child with stunting conditions compared with mothers who married at a young age more ripe . Factors like level education mother , economic status family , and access to service health Also join in influence stunting incident . Culture wedding early in the area coast Regency Sumenep contribute to its height stunting incidents in toddler . Required comprehensive intervention​ involve education society , improvement access service health , and strengthening policy For postpone age wedding To use reduce prevalence of stunting. Effort collaborative between government , institutions self-subsistent society , and community local very important For overcome problem This in a way effective.

The Relationship Between Feeding Patterns and Maternal Knowledge about Nutrition with the Incidence of Stunting in Children Age 0-5 Years in the Working Area of the Gedongan Health Center, Mojokerto City

&lt;p&gt;Stunting is a prolonged state of chronic malnutrition. This disorder is characterized by having a body length-for-age or body height-for-age measurement that falls below the -2 standard deviation established by the World Health Organization (WHO). The etiology of stunting is multifaceted, encompassing factors such as nutrition, feeding practices, infectious illnesses, and household income. Maternal understanding of nutrition, including dietary factors, is also associated with the occurrence of stunting. This study aimed to establish the relationship between feeding habits and maternal knowledge of nutrition with the prevalence of stunting in the operational region of the Gedongan Health Center, located in Mojokerto City. This study is an observational analytical study employing a cross-sectional design. The study’s population consisted of all women with children residing in the working area of the Gedongan Health Center. This study encompassed 144 participants who completed the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ) regarding eating practices and a questionnaire assessing maternal knowledge of nutrition. The objective was to examine the relationship between these factors to height and age. The chi-square test results indicate a statistically significant association between feeding practices and stunting (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.0001) and maternal knowledge about nutrition and stunting (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.0001). The survey revealed that most children had been provided with appropriate feeding patterns, and most moms had a commendable nutritional understanding. The study’s findings indicate a noteworthy relationship between feeding behaviors and mothers’ nutrition knowledge.&lt;/p&gt;

The Influence of Child Caregivers’ Personal Hygiene and Family Smoking Behavior on Stunting

Background: Stunting is a problem that still occurs in Indonesia. It is a chronic nutritional problem associated with insufficient food intake so that nutritional needs are not fulfilled over a long period. Stunting also can be caused by indirect factors such as environmental and behavioral. Aims: This study aimed to analyze the correlation of child caregivers’ personal hygiene implementation and family smoking behavior on the occurrence of stunting. Methods: This type of research is an analytic survey with a case-control study approach. The number of respondents was 25 cases and 25 controls so the total number of respondents was 50 respondents. Results: The results of the examination found that personal hygiene of caregivers and smoking habits in the families of stunted toddlers were mostly inadequate and there was a smoking habit in the families of stunted toddlers. There is a significant relationship between defecation behaviors and the incidence of stunting with a p-value of 0.02 (&lt;0.05). Based on multivariate analysis, it was found that unqualified defecation behaviors had a 63.3% probability of stunting. Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between defecation behaviors and the occurrence of stunting with a p-value of 0.02 (&lt;0.05). According to multivariate analysis, respondents with defecation behaviors that did not meet the standards had a 4.03 times greater risk of having a child with stunting.

Dietary Practices of Caregivers to Children Aged 6 to 23 Months at Narok County Referral Hospital, Kenya

In Narok County, Kenya, where the challenge of achieving optimal child nutrition persists, particularly in the context of its arid and semi-arid climate, the prevalence of stunting among children is alarmingly high compared to other regions. Addressing this critical issue necessitates an enhancement of caregivers’ dietary practices. A gap in dietary practices among caregivers of children aged 6 to 23 months extends beyond Narok County to encompass broader regions in Africa, including Kenya. Consequently, this study was designed to establish the dietary practices of caregivers within Narok County for children in this age group. All approvals including ethical clearance from the Kabarak University Research and Ethics Committee (KUREC), a research permit from NACOSTI, and a permit from Narok County Referral Hospital were sought before the commencement of the study. This research adopted a descriptive cross-sectional design and a sample size of 108 children aged 6 to 23 months and caregivers were purposively recruited. Data were analysed using SPSS version 25 and ENASMART soft wares. Findings indicate a variation in dietary practices where 68.5% of children were still breastfeeding at the time of data collection; 88% of children were exclusively breastfed during the first 6 months of age. Cereals were consumed more than four times a week by 85.2% of the children although the majority of them (76.9%) did not meet the minimum dietary score. The overall prevalence of wasting, underweight and stunting was 29.6%,15.7%, and 23.1% respectively. The occurrence of stunting in children was related to dietary practices (χ0.245=2, p-value=0.011). The timing of complementary feeding displayed a moderate positive correlation with WAZ (r=0.305, p=0.001) and WHZ (r=0.047, p=0.627). In conclusion, caregivers’ dietary practices varied across the caregivers and contributed to the nutrition outcome of the children in dietary diversity, food adequacy, and nutrient intake. There need to promote proper responsive feeding practices among caregivers to children of this age group.

Determinants of child stunting in the dryland area of East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia: insights from a national-level survey.

Stunting remains a critical public health issue in Indonesia, particularly in the province of East Nusa Tenggara. This region, characterized by its archipelagic dryland geography, has reported the highest prevalence of stunting among children under five from 2007 to 2021. The study aimed to examine the relationship between various characteristics of children under five and household factors with the occurrence of stunting. This observational study, with a cross-sectional design, used secondary data from the 2021 Indonesian Nutrition Status Survey, covering 7,835 children under five. We analyzed the data to identify patterns and relationships, using univariate analysis to display percentage distributions and bivariate analysis through multiple binary logistic regression tests. The results of the multiple logistic regression test showed that indicators of family characteristics such as age, gender, low birth weight, body length, possession of birth certificates, and receiving complementary feeding were all related to stunting. Additionally, household factors such as toilet type, National Health Insurance coverage, ownership of a Prosperous Family Card, and residential area were significant determinants. Factors contributing to stunting in dryland areas include a range of elements from both family characteristics-such as age, gender, birth certification, low birth weight, and initial body length, to the introduction of supplementary feeding-and household indicators, including the use of specific types of latrines (Plengsengan and Cemplung types without covers), health insurance coverage, possession of Prosperous Family Cards, and the family's residential area.

Can Exclusive Breastfeeding Prevent Stunting in Lower Middle-Income Countries (LMIC)?: A Systematic Review

Stunting, a nutritional concern, exerts adverse effects by influencing the physical and functional attributes of a child's body, contributing to elevated rates of child morbidity. Globally, the prevalence of stunting remains considerably high, registering at 22.2% in 2017, with approximately 55% of affected children in Asia and 39% in Africa. To Evaluate the connection between exclusive breastfeeding and stunting rates in lower middle-income countries. The research design was a systematic review. Article searches were conducted using Google Schoolar, Pubmed, Science Direct, and Scopus databases. The keywords used were "Exclusive Breastfeeding OR Lactation AND Stunting" and "Exclusive Breastfeeding OR EBF OR Lactation AND Stunting". Inclusion and exclusion criteria were used when selecting article titles and abstracts. The study encompassed a total of 9,949 and 16 articles for analysis. Exclusive breastfeeding provides adequate calories to fulfill the growth requirements of toddlers. Consequently, toddlers who do not exclusively breastfeed are at a higher risk of experiencing stunting. Among the thirteen articles examined in this research, an association between exclusive stunting and breastfeeding was consistently observed. Conversely, three articles conveyed no discernible correlation between exclusive breastfeeding and stunting. Furthermore, these articles highlighted the limited advantages of exclusive breastfeeding in preventing stunting. Toddlers who were not exclusively breastfed exhibited a higher probability of experiencing stunted growth, demonstrating a clear connection between the occurrence of stunting and exclusive breastfeeding

Diversifikasi Olahan Ikan Lele Sebagai Alternatif MPASI Guna Pencegahan Stunting Di Kabupaten Jember

Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem caused by prolonged inadequate nutrient intake, leading to growth impairment in children aged 0-59 months. Complementary feeding, known as MPASI in Indonesian, refers to the introduction of solid foods and liquids to infants aged 6 to 24 months. In Indonesia, stunting is a significant health issue that cannot be ignored. According to the National Nutrition Status Survey (SSGI) data, the prevalence of stunting in Indonesia reached 21.6% in 2022, ranking fifth globally and second in Southeast Asia. Specifically, Jember Regency holds the first position in East Java, with a staggering rate of 34.9%. The occurrence of stunting in children can be influenced by inappropriate quality and timing of MPASI provision. One potential intervention to address the stunting problem in Jember Lor Subdistrict, Patrang District, Jember Regency, East Java Province, is to provide training on processed MPASI products, such as catfish nuggets. Catfish is a type of fish rich in protein and amino acids. Lysine, an amino acid found in catfish, can positively impact child growth, tissue repair, antibody production, and calcium absorption. The community engagement activities in this initiative utilize a mass communication approach through education and training sessions. The promotion of balanced nutritious food and training on local food processing, specifically catfish nuggets, aims to prevent and control stunting conditions in Jember Lor Subdistrict, Patrang District, Jember Regency, East Java Province.

The association between parental height and stunting in children aged 10-13 years in Jimbaran, Badung Regency

Background: Parental height is one of the factors influencing a child's growth. During the growth period, a child's growth is significantly influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Parental height is one of the factors associated with the occurrence of stunting in children. This study aimed to determine the relationship between parental height and stunting in children aged 10-13 years in Jimbaran, Badung Regency. Methods: This was a cross-sectional research. Data were collected from primary sources, and a questionnaire was distributed consisting of three main sections covering the characteristics of the research sample, father's height, and mother's height. The sample was taken from children aged 10 to 13 years in Jimbaran, Badung Regency. Comparative categorical Chi-square analysis conducted with the independent variables being the height of the father and mother, and the dependent variable being stunting. Results: A total of 189 children meeting the inclusion criteria participated in this study. The analysis of the correlation test between maternal height and child height resulted in a low correlation with a correlation coefficient of 0.25. This study also indicates that among all respondents experiencing stunting, 14.3% of respondents have a father's height of less than 165cm (p-value &gt; 0.01, 95% CI: 0.20-3.60). Furthermore, among all respondents experiencing stunting, 21.4% of respondents have a mother's height of less than 155cm (p-value &gt; 0.01, 95% CI: 0.46-5.26). Conclusion: Parental height does not have a statistically significant relationship with the occurrence of stunting in children aged 10-13 years.

Low serum lipase levels in mothers of children with stunted growth indicate the possibility of low calcium absorption during pregnancy: A cross-sectional study in North Sumatra, Indonesia.

Stunting is caused by various factors, including low nutritional intake in the first two years of life. This study aimed to investigate the differences in sociodemographic factors and mineral, vitamin, and enzyme parameters in mothers associated with the occurrence of stunting in children. We conducted a cross-sectional study from September to November 2020 on North Sumatra Island, Indonesia. The data collected included sociodemographic characteristics, pregnancy history, birth history, food intake, and laboratory examinations, including measurements of calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin D, pancreatic amylase, and serum lipase levels. This study included 50 healthy mothers aged 18-50 years old with children aged 2 to 60 months. There was a significant difference in serum calcium levels between the groups of mothers of children with normal and stunted growth (p = 0.03, mean difference±standard error (SE) = 0.23±0.12, 95% CI: 0.19-0.45). All of the study subjects were categorized as vitamin D deficient. The mean lipase level in the group of mothers of children with stunted growth was significantly lower than that in the group of mothers of children with normal growth (p = 0.02, mean difference±SE = 4.34±1.83, 95% CI: 0.62-8.06). The conclusion was that serum lipase levels were significantly lower in mothers of children with stunted growth compared to mothers of children with normal growth. Serum lipase levels this low are likely to indicate that a mother is unable to meet her child's calcium needs during pregnancy, increasing the child's risk of stunted growth.

Ecological Analysis of Stunting Toddlers in East Nusa Tenggara Province 2021

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Stunting is a chronic condition that results in stunted growth of children under five due to malnutrition for a long time. The objective of this study is to analyze the factors associated with the occurrence of stunting in East Nusa Tenggara Province in the year 2021. An ecological approach is employed in this study, utilizing secondary data obtained from the 2021 East Nusa Tenggara Province Health Profile report. This research was conducted from January to March 2023. Analysis was carried out on a total of 22 districts/cities, with a population of 388,760 toddlers which included the entire sample size, namely toddlers with stunting incidents totaling 81,354 toddlers. The main variable predicted is the proportion of stunted toddlers. Predictor variables consist of the percentage of ANC visits, the proportion of LBW history and the percentage of exclusive breastfeeding. Bivariate analysis involved the utilization of cross-tabulation to examine the relationships between variables. The results of the study show that the prevalence of stunting status in toddlers is in the moderate category (16.04-24.07%). This happened as the coverage of ANC visits in districts/cities was in the low category (40.0-61.6%), history of LBW in districts/cities was in the low category (3.0-6.6%) and breastfeeding exclusively in districts/cities that are in the high category (65.67-93.0%). Stunting among toddlers in the province of East Nusa Tenggara in 2021 is in the moderate category along with ANC visits in districts/cities which are in the low category, history of LBW in districts/cities is in the low category and exclusive breastfeeding in districts/cities is also in the low category. To accelerate stunting prevention in Indonesia, it is essential to have synchronized efforts in planning, implementation, and monitoring at all government levels, including villages. The active involvement of all stakeholders is crucial in achieving this goal.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Keyword: &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Community nutrition, Ecological analysis, Secondary data, Stuned&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Food Security in Households of Stunting Toddlers in the Meratus Mountains Region HULU Sungai Tengah District, South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia

The occurrence of stunting in toddlers often arises due to vulnerable food security at the household level. Household food security includes food availability, food access, and food diversity related to ecosystem conditions. This research aims to determine family food security in stunted toddlers and its relationship with food availability, food access, and food diversity in the Meratus Mountains of Batang Alai Timur District, Hulu Sungai Tengah Regency, South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. The methods used are observation, interviews, and recording methods. The research results show that the average energy consumed by toddlers in Hulu Sungai Tengah Regency is 1104.2 kcal/capita/day with an RDA score of 65.4. The food security status of most households is in the food insecure category with a moderate degree of hunger of 70.0%, a degree of severe hunger of 30.0% and there are no households experiencing food security and food insecurity without hunger. Aspects of food availability, two respondents have high food availability, namely 10%, two respondents with moderate food availability, 10%, and the majority have low food availability, 80%. Aspects of food access, 6 respondents have a distance of &lt; 25 minutes to the market, namely 30%, 14 respondents have access to a market with a distance of ≥ 25 minutes to obtain food, 70%. Aspects of food security, there are 20 respondents or all families of children under five who experience food insecurity, namely 100%, there are no respondents who have food safe and food alert status. The composite index shows that there are no respondents or families of children under five who have food secure status, there are only two respondents who have food alert status, namely 10% and the majority of families experience food insecurity, totaling 18 respondents, namely 90%. The correlation coefficient value with stunting is the availability of 0.349, access of 0.488, and diversity of 0.373. So it can be concluded that the relationship between availability, access diversity, and stunting is weak.

FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE OCCURENCE OF STUNTING IN CHILDREN AGED 12-35 MONTH IN THE DIY PROVINCE

Stunting is a condition of failed growth in children characterized by significantly short stature relative to their age. Stunting occurs due to inadequate and unbalanced nutrient intake, and it can be influenced by other factors such as illness, poor sanitation, limited access to clean water, and an environment that does not support optimal child growth. The purpose of this study was to know the factors associated with the occurrence of stunting for children aged 12-35 months in the DIY Province. This study is a further analysis of the 2021 Indonesian Nutritional Status Study data for the Province of DIY. The design of the research was stratified two-stage sampling. Stunting data collection was carried out through interviews with parents of children using a questionnaire and measuring the height of the children by local enumerators. Bivariate analysis to know the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable. Meanwhile, to know the factors associated with the occurrence of stunting in children, a multivariate analysis was carried out. The result showed that there wasa significant relationship between stunting with the age of mothers, difficulty transportation to healthcare, monitoring and development of children, and the mother receiving nutritional counseling, p-value≤ 0.05. Age of children, gender of children, place of residence, education of mothers, and occupation of mothers, had no significant association with the occurrence of stunting, p-value&gt; 0.05. The factors associated with the occurrence of stunting for the children were the age of mothers, difficulty transportation to healthcare, monitoring, and development of children, and the mother receiving nutritional counseling. It is necessary to increase the role of posyandu as a forum that helps the government to improve public health, in this case reducing stunting rates in toddler.

Relationship of exclusive breastfeeding in the effort to prevent stunting in toddlers at Cidahu Health Center in 2022

The provision of exclusive breastfeeding is believed to influence the occurrence of stunting. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the occurrence of stunting at the Cidahu Health Center in 2022. This research used purposive sampling method, with a population of mothers with stunted toddlers aged 24-59 months from 8 villages, totaling 271 toddlers. The sample size for this study was determined using total sampling, involving 56 respondents. Data analysis utilized univariate analysis with frequency distribution and bivariate analysis using the chi-square test with Odds Ratio (OR) calculation. The research results showed that the majority of respondents at the Cidahu Health Center provided exclusive breastfeeding, accounting for 65%, with 379 (31.5%) being male infants and the remaining 365 (30.3%) female infants. There is a significant relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the occurrence of stunting in toddlers aged 24-59 months (?-value 0.000 &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, this study found a relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the occurrence of stunting in toddlers aged 24-59 months. The recommendation for mothers and families is to consider this research as input to encourage exclusive breastfeeding to prevent stunting

The Relationship Between Parenting Patterns and Disease Patterns with the Incident of Stunting in Toddlers 6-36 Months at the Panyabungan Jae Community Health Center, Panyabungan District, Mandailing Regency, Christmas 2022

This study aims to analyze the relationship between parenting patterns, disease patterns, and the incidence of stunting among toddlers aged 6-36 months at the Panyabungan Jae Community Health Center, located in the Panyabungan District, Mandailing Natal Regency, in 2022. Employing an observational study design, the research involved 200 toddlers and their mothers as respondents. Data were collected through interviews with mothers to assess parenting patterns applied at home and to record the history of illnesses experienced by toddlers. Statistical analysis, including the chi-square test, was conducted to evaluate the relationship between parenting styles, disease patterns, and the incidence of stunting in toddlers. The study results revealed a significant relationship (p &lt; 0.05) between parenting patterns, disease patterns, and the occurrence of stunting. Parenting patterns that do not cater to the needs of children's growth and development, such as inadequate diet, poor personal hygiene practices, and insufficient developmental stimulation, were associated with an increased risk of stunting in toddlers. Additionally, common disease patterns experienced by toddlers, such as respiratory tract infections and digestive disorders, were identified as contributing factors to stunting. These findings offer valuable insights into the multifaceted factors influencing children's growth and development during early childhood. The practical implication of this research underscores the importance of adopting a holistic approach to prevent stunting, which includes educating parents about effective parenting practices, disease prevention strategies, and ensuring adequate access to healthcare services to address common health issues experienced by toddlers.

The Relationship Between Pregnant Women's Knowledge About Anemia and Stunting Incidents at the Panyabungan Jae Community Health Center, Panyabungan District, Mandailing Regency, Christmas 2022

This study aims to delve deeper into the relationship between pregnant women's knowledge of anemia and the incidence of stunting among children at the Panyabungan Jae Community Health Center, located in the Panyabungan District, Mandailing Natal Regency, in 2022. Employing an analytical observational design, the research involved 200 pregnant women as research samples. Data were collected through structured interviews using a questionnaire focusing on pregnant women's knowledge about anemia, while children's nutritional status was assessed to determine the incidence of stunting. Statistical analysis included correlation and regression tests to examine the relationship between pregnant women's knowledge of anemia and the occurrence of stunting in their children. The study results revealed a significant correlation (p &lt; 0.05) between the level of knowledge of pregnant women about anemia and the incidence of stunting in their offspring. Specifically, pregnant women with a better understanding of anemia tended to have children with a reduced risk of stunting. Furthermore, factors such as socioeconomic status, access to health services, and dietary habits were identified as potential influencers in the relationship between pregnant women's knowledge about anemia and stunting. These findings underscore the importance of educating pregnant women about anemia as a fundamental aspect of efforts to mitigate stunting in children. Additionally, enhancing health services at Community Health Centers and raising public awareness about the significance of optimal nutrition during pregnancy are essential strategies to address the issue of stunting in the region effectively.